The canadian gleaner, 23 février 1882, Cahier 1

[" (\"TA A Ww we Ru #55 TUE IT RU = 1 3 - S6 #70 1 1 o oc vo rE EA EEE TTA ERE a 6Dc TYR, CONVENTION OF DAIRYMEN.(Specially reported for the Gleaner.) À CONVENTION Of dairymen, more eu larly of those who are patrons of cheese factories was held at Lancaster on the 10th inst.At 2 o'clock p.m.McRae's hall was crowded by an audience of farmers, including a number from the county of Hunting- don.D.M.Macpherson, who was the sole promoter of the convention, moved that Alex.Jas.Grant of South Branch be chairman.The motion was adopted.The CHAIRMAN said he had been instrumental, 12 years ago, in starting the first factory in Glengarry, and now they were to be found in every section fit to support one.He was glad to see such interest taken b the farmers in raising the standard of excellence in dairying, as was evidenced by the largo attendance.He would call on Mr Mucpherson to outline the course to be par- sued by the convention.D.M.MAcPHERsoN doclared that, after an experience of many years, and despite Lhe great advances made, bo felt there was still great room for improvement in dairying, and had thought it would prove of great advantage to hold a convention of farmers for the interchanging of views.What was wanted was not theories, but those results of experience that had led to success, It is practical facts we want to know.He referred to the great differences in the working of factories and how one farmer would not average over 150 Ibs of choese per cow while another would have 500 Ibs.The aim of every farmer should bo to increase tbe production of milk.The extension of the factory system in Glengarry had been marvelous, 12 years ago tho first factory was started and last year no less than a quarter of million dollars worth of dairy products had been sold, besides the indirect returns which few farmers think of, such as the enriching of their impoverished soil by the keeping of larger stocks.Farms that had been run out from want of plant food bad been restored to fertility under the dairy factory system.They would find one farm able only to support 10 cows, while another, better farmed, could keep up 20.Mr Brown, of the Ontario Agricultural College, had stated at the Belleville convention, that, in Scotland, 1 acre supported 3 cows, which was owing to the high state of cultivation.After dwelling on the necessity of the factories receiving their raw material in the best state, be urged that, what all were after, was the dollars and cents, and to get them it was essential to improve our product and thereby enhance tho reputation of our cheese abroad, for it was reputation that brings the money.\u2018Lhe purpose of their present gathering was more to promote improvemeut in quality and quantity of milk than to debate its manipulation in manufacture.le closed by skotching the topics that would come before them.GRASSES AND THE DAIRY.J.B.Harnis of Antwerp, N.Y., was introduced.IIe has obtained an enviable reputation nmong dairy men and stands acknowledged as being a high authority in all that pertains to cheese manufacture, For two years ho bas been employed, at a high salary, by the Eastern Ontario Dairymen\u2019s Association to go from factory to factory, to examine their working and suggest improvements.In this capacity, ho visited the Macpherson factories in IIuntingdon last year.He is a tall, muscular man, evidently no gentleman farmer but one who is used to put his hand to the work.Ho is an Old Countryman by birth and spent his youth in Canada, and his long residence in the States has not Americanized him either in speech or appoaranco, lle owns several cheese factories in Jefferson county, N.Y.Ile read bis paper in a clear voice and answered questions with readiness.The following is & summary of his essay : The subject assigned me, Grasses and the Dairy, is a broad one, so that I can only chalk out an imperfect outline.I find my text in the words, \u201cAll flesh is grass.\u201d The converse is also true, that all grass is flesh, for the rolation between tho vegetable and animal kingdoms is very close, and both spring from the samo gorm.I will view my subject in three lights: 1, the quantity of milk; 2, the production of food ; and, 3, the physical condition of the cows.I will suppose the case of a farmer in Eastern Ontario, owning 30 cows, who rises, some bright Monday morning, determined on taking a new departure, that is, to farm henceforth with a view to ultimate and not to im mediate results, Not being able to buy pure-breds, our farmer resolves to improve his natives, by better breeding and feeding.He knows that it is cheaper to raise calves than to buy cows, and that thoso raised on the farm are better milkers.I'o keep up a stock of 30 cows, he would, on an average, have to buy 3 yearly, which would cost him, at least 890.Now see how much more profitable it will be for him to raise them himself.A heifer calf will cost him for keep 812 the firet year, and $14 the sccond.At 2 years old tho heifer comes in and yields a profit, over ber keep, from 2 to 3 years of age, of 88 ; from 3 to 4 years old, 816; 4 to 5 years, 820 ; total profit loss cost of keeping, 844; showing a balance in favor of rearing over buying of 818, or 854 on the 3 cows ara farmer would have to buy.When a cow gets old, instead of selling ber off the grass in the Fall, he feeds her for beef.In winter he feeds each cow twice a day, giving ench time 17Ib of green cut hay.If fed oftener, their digestion is impaired.As to substituting ensilage for hay, it is a taking idea with our farmer, and be thinks of building one.Our farmer being a humane man, he acts on the golden rule, and does not let his cows stand shivering by the fences or sleep in the cold, nor be ill-treated by hired bolp or dogs, nor drink at mud-holes, bat he treats his animals as he would like them to treat him.Now, as to the production of food to feed the cattle.Timothy and clover take preference with our farmer, but he has no prejudice against other kinds of fodder, and he finds he cannot keep up timothy without frequent resceding.The frost hurts the bulbous roots of the timothy and heaves it up in tafts, It doos not pay to reseed often, Jet what can he do when the yiold shrinks toa lon an acre?He observes that there are othor grasses that stand drouth and frost botter than timothy, and he repeats to himself that passage in Flint's book on grasses : I hold the proposition to be indisputable, that any soil will yield 8 larger and more nutritious crop if sown with several kinds of grasses, than when sown with only one or two.Indeed, it is a fact, well ee- tablished by careful experiments, that a mixture of only 3 or 3 specica of grass or clover will produce a less cut of hay than can bo obtained by sowings 1 number of species together.\u201cWhat are those grassos, and what is the best mixtare for our meadows?Orchard grass and meadow oat would be best, did they not ripen so soon.Italian rye graes, Whe Cana NO.483.HUNTINGDON, Q., THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 23, 1882.an Olraner $1.50 A-YEAR.yielding 2 cuttings, will make a permanent ture.The mixture 1 would recommend or ench acre is, 12 Ibs of timothy, 5 Ibs Italian rye, 5 Ibs meadow fescue or Fall foscuo, 4 lbs red top, 3 Ibs rough stalk meadow grass, and 6 lbs medium clover.If the land is moist, browse and alsike may be introduced, the red top increased and the fescue and clover lessened.If the object in view is to form a permanent pasture, take, per acre, 14 1bs of orchard grass, 7 !ba moa- dow fescue, and 5 lbs of Kentucky blue grass.If the land is moist, add 4 lbs rough stalk meadow grass, 4 lbs of red top, and, perhaps, 8 to 10 Ibs mediam clover.Dairymen, as a rule, do not realize the necessity of good, sweet pastures.Last season I visited 150 cheese factories and was surprised at the difference in tho quality of the milk.Milk which is the product of swampy pastares will ruin the reputation of tho best cheose-maker in Christendom.Tho rich aroma of the butter made along the Schuylkill, is duo largely to the excellence of the pastures.When driving along thru this section of Canada, in the middle of July, the spectacle of uncut hay irritated me, and on my remonstrating with the owners of these fields, they told me they were waiting until their grass would attain its full length and weight.Our model dairyman, however, does not wait until all the nourishment in his graes has gone into tho seed and only a woody stalk is left.He cuts his hay before it is in the blossom.As to tho excuse that over-ripe bay goos further in feeding than fresh cut, it is enough to say that browse will go further still.(Laughter.) Our farmer always keeps his cows well eupplied with fresh and succulent food.When the drouth sets in, he does not let the yield of milk shrink more than it naturally should, for ho knows if it does he cannot bring it up again, so ho sows in the Spring a field of peas and oats, half and half, which he cuts green, and when allowed to wilt makes the Lest possible feed when the pastures fail.Harris Lewis of Frankfort, N.Y.was next called upon.He is a man well up in years, of short stature and of à thickset build that tells of Dutch descent.His im- passivle and commonplace countenance gives po indication of the nimble intellect he possesses, lle speaks slowly, in a low distinct tone, and has a power of making his meaning plain with few words which is unbap pily too rare both on platform and pulpit.His simplicity and directness of speech is equalled by a vein of dry, quaint humor that loses its flavor in being reported.Ho spoke frequently, yot, had the audienco had their way, he would never have been silent.The unpretentious Herkimer farmer is a notability of the age, and is exercising much influence in raising the standard of agriculture, Ho spoke substantially as follows :\u2014 The subject now before the meeting is grasses, and I will speak upon it as a simple farmer, with a view to aid you, my brother farmers, in producing milk cheaper, more of it, and of better quality.We would boa miserable set without grass, and why a spear of it should start out of the dark ground isa mystery to all of us, I have passed thra this portion of Canada in the summer season, and admired its suitability for raising grass.Kentucky, or blue grass, is indi genous to your soil, but it will also grow equally well meadow fescue and orchard grass, and red top is suited to your moist lands.What you want is, instead of confining yourselves, as you now do, to timothy and clover, to have a mixture.It is expensive and annoying to break up often, so that, when you seed down, you should do 80 with a view to permanence.On asking a farmer did he always sow timotby and clover, oh, no, he answered, we make a change sometimes and sow clover and timothy.(Laugbter.) Now neither are adapted for pastures, and you are losing money every day you keep to them alone.I advise you to get a small quantity of each of the different kinds of grass sced, and sow in strips in your gardon with a narrow space betweon them.Watch their growth, keep a record, and so find out the kinds bost adapted to your land.I did this myself, and found that many grasses recommended by Mr Brown were unprofitable on my soil.Italian rye grass dies out every winter, but English rye stands the frost fairly.Meadow fescue sends its roots 2 feet down and your cow loves it; watch her and she will tell ou.It is destined to be the grass for orth America, and I will not be surprised if it roots out June grass on our farms in Herkimer county.Orchard grass, which is 80 very light that you need 3 bushels to the acre if sown alone, 1 place next.It should bo kept cropped close to be fit for food.Blue or June grass deserves the next place, and whatever difference there is in it from Kentucky blue grass arises from change of climate.It thruws up its seed stalk in June and then becomes dormant for a spell.After a while the roots send up a fresh growth, this time all leaf, and that is when your pastures are at their best in the Fall.It is the June grass that gives color and flavor to your cheese and butter.Timothy is not a suitable grass for pasturage, owing to its bulbous-shaped root not enabling it to rosist the pull of the cows in graging, their tread, or the drouth.Were it not for the blue grass that comes up in spite of you, the cows would havo nothing to eat on your pastures.If you have a moist piece of land, add to the grasses I have recommended, red top, Fall meadow grass and meadow fox- tail.Mix your grasses, and the fittest will survive.Do not be afraid to sow too many, for the grasses are social and thrive best in company.One will take up some element from the soil which another will not, and your aim is to have a constant good bite for your cows.In seeding for meadows, sow together all the kinds that ripen about the same time, and cut when the late growing ones are green rather than let the early ones got over-ripe.For myself, I bave nover been able to distinguish between fresh green basswood shavings and woody hay.Luceroe, or alfalfa, is unsurpassed for soiling.It needs à rich soil, loving a sandy loam best, rough stalk, Fall and meadow fescue and red and sends down its roots to the water level.top are all good for meadows, and, after I have traced them 12 feet 3 inches below the surface.It cannot withetand the tread of cattle, so you have to mow it for feeding green, and it will give 12 feet growth every soason.Cut onco a week or fortnight.Try a patch of it, and you will never regret it.A Farugr \u2014 Would you recommend it whero there is a clay bottom ?H.Lewis\u2014I do not; when the roots reach tho clay they will turn up and grow the wrong way.On hard, tenacious soil lucorne is not at home.You can't cheat a cow, so you may as well walk up and do a cash business with her.If you don't give her the feed, sho won't give you the milk, so if you want the can kept full you must provide feed for her when the pastures begin to fail.Red clover mixed with grass will bear two cuttings, the first you can cut early in June and mako into hay, the second you can feod green to the cows when the pastures fail, I bave a piece of natural meadow tho aftermath of which I thus cut, aud feed out, and the cows come twice a day themselves without a stone, or thump, or kick, or dog to urge them, À Farner\u2014I havo a difficulty in curing clover; do you recommend sowing it ?Mr Lewis\u2014Clovers are indigenous to your soil and enough will come up without sowing, They do not make as much milk or of as good quality as the grasses.A FarMer\u2014What about quack grass?Mr Lewrs\u2014Quack grass is better foed for cows than white clover, but, thon, who wants it?When you are going to sced down, fit your land as nice as if for an onion bed, and don\u2019t fool round with a grain crop, but give the grass the wholo of the soil and sunshine.If you do, it will come up ns if it means something \u2014 thick and strong.When you sow grain with the grass seed, the grain robs the grass of everything it needs, and it comes up thin and spindly.You say you sow grain to shado the grass, but is it not true that you cut the grain at the very season when tho sun is strongest, and leave nino-tenths of the grass to be killed by its vortical rays.Sow nothing with the grass, but seed early and thick, and you will be able to mow it in Septomber.A Famyer\u2014Bat if the field grows to weods ?Mr Lewis\u2014Cut them.A FARMER\u2014 How long will a pasture stocked, as you advise, with long-leafod grasses, do without reseeding.Mr Lewrs\u2014From now to the end of time, if you top-dress every few years.\u2018These grasses, unlike timothy, are native to our soil and are permanent.10,000 years hence they will be in their early boyhood.In this very fact lies their valué.Alsiko and lucerne are perennials; otber clovers are only 2 year plants, excepting, perhaps, white clover.Alsike does not thrive on my land.À FARMER\u2014Will you explain how you prepare your peas and oats for feed during the droath ?.Mr Lewrs\u2014Sow carly and cut when the lower joint of the oats begins to turn yellow.Put in your barn, and keep thore until the drouth sets in.This is better than groon corn for milk.It is a balanced food for the cow, and furnishes all she neets.I cradle the peas and oats, let them cure in the swath and in small cocks.In cutting clover, I do so early in the day, lot it wilt in the sun, and then put it in small cocks before the dew faille.I keep recocking it, always making tho cocks larger every time, until it is cured and fit for the mow.The secret with clover, is to curo in the cock.A FArMER\u2014Do you salt your hay ?Mr Lewis\u2014I never ealt my hay in the mow, for it draws to it the very thing I do not want\u2014moisture.If you put on enough of salt to prevent fermentation, you run a chance of killing your cows; if only a little, it does not holp to keop the hay, bot the contrary, for it draws the moisture in the air to it.It is not well to salt your cows in their food, for it is not natural, Place the salt by itself and where the cows can got at it whenever they want to.D.M.MacrHERsoN\u2014 What do you think of ensilage ?Mr Lewrs\u2014I will explain tbo process.A pit is dug and lived with costly mason.work, often costing 83000.This is the silo, Corn is sown in drills or broadcast, rather thin, and whon the cars are set, full size but in the milk, the corn is cut and drawn to the silo, where it is cut into inch lengths and packed solid.When the silo is full, it is covered with plank, grooved and tongued, and weighted from 15Ib to\u2018 18Ib to the square foot, in order to keep out the air.If successful in this, the corn is kept in perfect condition, but if air gets in, saccharino and acetic fermentation onsue, and you have only sour krout.(Laughter.) The corn, or ensilage as it is called, is ready for use at any time, and it is sliced downwards With a knife, cutting solid as cheese, No more is cut than can be used at once, for it soon goes to decay on exposuro to the air.There is a tremendous crazo over ensilage, and if any of you havo a mind to try it, I say build a small one with matched plank, and use clover instead of corn, and feed it out when tho pastures fail.The cows liko ensilage, but whether it is good for them I am not yot sure.It is certain that cutting corn and putting it in a pit cannot increase its feeding value, while if it ferments the sugar and starch are lost, Its advocates had not presented the case fairly, for they had valued censilage at the lowest penny, and put hay at the highest figure.Ilay costs me for feed $5 a ton and roots 5 to 7} cents per bushel, and at these figures ensilage was no saving.I hope none of you will sink the cost of a farm in a pit.A Faruzr\u2014Would you cut the clover before putting in the silo ?Mr Barris\u2014I would pat the clover in whole.As a means of keeping feed fresh daring the dry time in summer, I think the silo may prove valuable.It is difficult to prevent férmentation, and you shoald fill the silo in a day and closo it.The CHAIRMAN had pleasure in calling on Mr Farlinger of Dundee.NrcmoLAs FARLINGER\u2014We are only in tbe infancy of farming and it is by such gatherings as this that we will lift it out of the despised rat and make it what it ought to be \u2014a respected profession.I would defend alsike as a choice clover.Other kinds dio out in from 2 to 4 years, while there is no end to alsike.1 havo fields seeded down from 10 to 15 years, and they aro still doing well, 8 yoars ago | began cutting my hay while green, and I can confirm ail that has been said on that head.I would insist on the necessity of wintering cows better.The winter is the resting-time of the cow, and if she comes out poor, you are the loser.1 favor the native cow for the dairy, provided you give her the feed.1 woul and to make cxporimonts.They should not be like the man who went to mill with the wheat in one ond of the bag and a stone in\u2019 the other because his forefathers had done so, but strike out and try to improve.ARTHUR DMcARTHUR, of Lancaster\u2014In sowing wheat in a fiold seeded down last spring, my hired man missod a ridgo, and, on soeing the grass coming up so nicely by itself, 1 left it alone, and, when cutting the wheat, 1 cut of the hay and clover a nico crop\u20142 feet long.Tho grass seed on the ridgos whore thore was wheat did not do so woll.The land bad boon top-drossed in the winter with green manure drawn diroct from the stable.The acoidental expori- mont has convinced me that it is better to sow grass seed by itself.Mr Lewis\u2014I1t was a glorious mistake your hired man made, Peter McFARLANE, Kolso\u2014I novor know my futher to miss in sccuring a catch, and for that he gave two roasons\u2014underdraining and a 7 yoars\u2019 rotation, with plenty of manure.Ile sceded down with a grain crop.\u2018There were about 5 miles of undor- drains and open ditches on his farm.Mr Lewis endorsed all that can be said in favor of underdraining and manure.James SterneN, Trout River, spoke at somo length on the organs of animals.JAMES Brag, Roxburgh, Stormont\u2014I look on underdraining as the basis of all farming.If tho soil is not drained, neither grass nor anything olso will grow.On my farm of 120 acres I have b miles of underdrains and ditches.Those made first, with small stones, had failed.Wood answers better, bat I find tiles best of all.My soil is light loam.1 cure timothy and clover without difficulty by cocking and re.cocking.When my neighbors saw mo begin to cut early, they callod_me a fool.Last year [ had 30 tons of hay in the barn before the rain came.1 never let hay lic in the swath after sunset.My rotation is, 1st year I break up pasture und sow with oats; 2nd year, put in peas or green crop, with all the manure 1 can get; 3rd year, seed down with wheat ; 4th and Gth years, in grass; Gth and Tth, pasture.Alsike is a failure on my land.Moved by D.M.Macpherson, soconded by Poter Gardiner : That it is the opinion of this meeting, that tho best way to improve the feeding properties of hay, is to cut early and cure green ; and that for the improvement of our pastures, a mixture of grasses, seeding alone, and early sowing in the Spring in well pulverized soil bo recommended.Carried.REARING AND CARE OF STOCK.Josrau BowEn, Fraserfield\u2014DBoards, felting and sawdust are cheaper than feed, therefore, farmers should seo that their stables are warm.There are two forcos we bave got to counteract, motive power and cold, und both are met by putting the stock into warm stables in the Fall and never taking them out antil Spring; the confine- mont does not hurt thom.Exercise means waste and necessity for food ; if the animal in kept quite still in a well- ventilatod stable, it does not require exercise.Kept warm and still, tho cow's requirements for food aro kopt down to tho lowest point, and, if stublod.in good condition, you can winter them on straw and bring them out as woll as when they entered.Supposo the Grand Trunk required you to keep a locomotive under steam, could you not keep up the presaure with less fuel by having the loco- motivo stand in the yard than by running it?So if you keep your cows still, they will not need the samo food as if left to move about.I find straw capable of keeping cows in condition, whon thus treated ; 3 feeds a day and whole, not cut.I tried 2 feeds per day, but prefer three small feeds.I find troublo in getting mon who will give no moro than the cows need, for they can be tempted to gorge themselves, and it is better to give only enough to sustain the system without deranging the digestion.| cut my grain early, whon the ears are on the green side, eo that my straw is oxtra good.I water once a day at 11 o'clock, and never after feeding.Tho water is carried to the cows and they are allowed to drink all thoy want.At first a trough was kept full betore them, but the change to watering onco a day has been adopted with good results.I curry them when they begin to shed their coats.They aro tied in stalls, 3 by 9 feet, with ropes, so that they can lick themselves.The stalls should be regulated to the length of the animal, and this should be considered in building a stable.Ido not turn out my cattle until the Spring is well advanced, and if there is a cold spell I keep them in a shed and foed them.If my cows were not kept ina warm stable, or if they were allowed to move about, you would have to lift them in the Spring, fod as they are on straw only.What 1 want to insist upon is, that if cattio can be well wintered on straw, a great saving is effected and the great drawback of Canadian farming is reduced to à minimum.The CHarnman\u2014We have another gentleman present who can speak on wintering stock, namely, Mr Gardiner of Dundee.Mr GARDINER said: All agriculturalists are owners of stock to à greater or lcss extent.And tho bountiful provision afforded by our climate and soil during the six warm months of the yeur, supplies our cattle with their daily wants upon a system more uniform and suitable than what they receive from their owners daring the six cold months, and this, notwithstanding the Ia ° amonnt of ingenuity and skill d'éplayed fa urge my.fellow farmers to act on tho advice given, the t variety of plans to provide food and Shoiter during te latter period.If the question was to bo asked each of us, to give in detail the daily treatment of our stock, we would be surprised by our answers at the variety of modes.Our plane for our stables should inclade ample provision for light, beat, room, ventilation, and conveniences for feeding, watering, and milking, and also for an easy mo- thod of cleaning them out.Pormit me to give you my experienco in providing for the comforts of my own stock.A fow years ago I cut out a foundation in the nido of a gravel hill, 110 feet long, 54 foot wide, and 9 foet deep, with a well at the east end ; and placed upon it one barn in the centre 50 feet long, and one at cach end 30 feet wide, covering the entire foundation.Fifty foet upon the south side, where thero is no bank, the building stands upon posts, instead of à wall.The inside 8ills are also supported by posts.Sixty feet of the wost end of the undor- ground apartment is made into a cow stable for G5 bead, who arodivided into three rows.The fastenings for the cows are stanchions.The stanchions aro placed between plunks, sot ou their edgo.Tho planks ure 4 inches wido for the top, and 8 de the bottom.The stanchions aro fastoned botweon these by the strips that hold tho flanks togother ; so that pine or carriago bolts aro dispensed with.There is no floor in tho stable, consequently no hiding place for rats or mice.A box, 14 inches wido and 8 inchos deop, to receivo the droppings, is placed in the ground bolow the level of the ground floor, with a plank resting on the edge of tho box for the hind foot to stand upon.The space in front of the stanchions is packed with clay for the cattle to oat from.A part of the stable is finished with a plank in front of tho cow's head for a crib.Tho other part is laid with à scantling the proper width, and thon filled in behind with carth to make it lovel.Tho latter plan is the bottor for cattle, and more convenient for feeding, Tho stable is well lighted by windows, making it pleasant to work in, and adding to the comfort of tho stock.In my plans for heat during the winter, I also had te arrange for vontilation in the summer for milking, so that the 60 foet of kpace on the south sida, where there is no wall, is bung with doors to bo raised or lowered, as required.Also all the feeding and entrance doors, as well as the windows and barn doors, serve for ventilation in sum- mor, and let in tho air from whichevor quarter tho wind may blow.Frost is sol- dom noticed insido of tho stable, and, if do- sired, could be entirely kept out.The room is so divided that oach cow, with tho oxception of 5, has three feet in width.\u2018Thoro is six feet space in front of tho single row, and fourteen foet between the double row, with amplo ventilation over their heads by the fooding doors, to provent their inhaling each otbor's breath.Thero is à apace of 15 feet betweon the gutters of the double row, so that a cart or sleigh, as well as a wheelbarrow, may be used in the cleaning of the stable, My conveniences for feeding aro such that the fodder can be taken from any of the throe barn floors, and fed from tho pas- sago which connects them.No fodder is carried out of doors, thereforo none is wasted by the wind or by dropping from the fork, I feed twico a day, once with bay and once with straw, till it is nocessary to feed hay at both meals.While feeding straw they seldom leave enough for bedding.My plan for watering is from a well, at a trough filled by a pamp worked by hand, (but should be by a wind-mill) and stands in the opposite end from the stable of the underground apartment, which is 50x54 feet.This place is warm and well lighted.At watering time this trough is intended to bo kept full (as it doos not freeze), and about 4 of the cattlo Aro let out at once to drink, tako salt, and lick themaclves, and if it is a pleasant day, to pass out doors ; but if cold or stormy to return to their stalls.In this they are often left to choone for themnelves.In this manner all in the stable are waterod, and while so engaged the stable is cleaned._ My system of milking is at regular pe riods of 12 hours each.The cows are put into tho stable during milking.The milk.waggon, with the cans, is run into the space between the double rows, The milkers always milk their own cows, and always com.menco with the same cow, and continue in tho same order at each milking.Tho cows are let out as fast as they are milked, especially during tho warm weather.gave considerablo attention to secure the bost and most desirable method of cleaning my stables and of disposing of the manure, I use a horse and cart in cleaning the stable, and spread it at once upon my meadows or Fall wheat, (which are a close proximity to my stables) until the snow becomes too deep for wheels.| then use a wheelbarrow, unloading it in the adjoining yard directly under my horse stable, and mixing the man- ares of both stables together, and then baul it out every 10 or 20 days, when the weather is fine, and spread it as before on Fall wheat and meadows, and also upon Fall plowing intended to be laid down for mes down the following season.My horse stable is above tho underground apartment, in tbe south end of the east barn, Its size is 18330 feet, and 9 feet between floor and ceiling.I use double windows for heat, as well as to prevont frost collecting upon them.The; are upon the south side of the stable, whic Jakes it pleasant by the sun shining thru them, as well as adding to the bealthiness of the stable.The manure is let down thea trap doors, to mix with the cattle manure.feed bay and oats from the barn floor.There is ample room bebind the horses to harness or unharness, and to pass and re pass with safety.1 have a horse which had a habit (common to many) of striking the side of his stall with his bind foot, so that he would soon have altogether destroyod it.I suspended a plank from the ceiling at the pro- per distance, 30 that when he struck ont he A kicked the hanging plank which created quite à sensation for bÉmeelf and mate.He en tried tbe opposite side with the other foot, when another plank was suspended, but soon stop the fan, so that after a while the planks were taken down, and his habit is completely cared.Permit me to make some general remarks.The partition between the cow stable and the other part of the yard, (in which stands the well, and troughs for salt and water) is made principally of doors suspended on wheels and hinges, constructed Tor heat in the winter, and for ventilation in the sum- Tuer, and can be oasily removed, if an extension of the stable is required.The stanchions are permitted to opon and shut at the top, by a small board fastened by leather straps on the top edge of the 4 inch planks and projecting about an inch toward the body of the animal, so that it can be easily raised or shut.This plan you will find moro safe and convenient than the com- mou practice of wooden pins, There are other methods of opening and shutting the stanchions all at the same time, by which I was favorably impressed, and would have given them a trial but for the consideration ot the convenience of letting the cows out as they are milked, and of my plans for watering them.My cows are accustomed to stand each in their own place, so that when they are all out at once, one person can drive them in, and each cow will find ber own place.The man, with a light rake handle, walks behind the cows and turns over the board to fasten the stanchions, and all is done in a fow minutes.I like the system of sproading the manure during the winter, so far as my experience has tested it.It helps to equalize the work for the season, and the crops appoar to derive as much, if not more benefit, than when spread at other seasons of the year.Whon it is roughly spread upon meadows, harrowing or brushing in the spring will prepare it for the mowing machino and horse-rake.I recommend tho well, with its conveniences for watering stook, to be under a building.I hopo to secure à wind-mill, to furthor aid my facilition for watering during the winter.From wy oxporience of stable floors, I would strongly recommend the ground instead of plank, as the former is most suitable for the cow's feot, when standing, and for their knoos, when lying.My stock can now be fed in ono half the time that it required under my former sys- tom of an open barn-yard.From practical oxperionco like vory much the working of my plans, as they have addod largely to the oase and comfort of my family and so aid in making tho farmer's lifo what it ought to be, attractive and enjoyablo.KEEPING MILK OVERNIGHT.J.BB.Harris\u2014Each patron should bend every effort to deliver milk in perfect order.To effect this, sce that the can is clean and sweet, the hands and teats cloan, aud that the cows are milked by the same person, in the same order, and at the same time of day, The milk should be drawn as steadily aud quiotly as possible, and ali bloody or gargety milk rejected.You should be just as careful about the milk for the faclory, as if you moant to keep it for fuod.Two of my patrons havo devised excellent methods tor cooling and airing milk.B.has a tank 2 feet broad, G faot long, and 16 inches deep.Over this tank ho has raised a building mado of slats, with a good roof, and furnished with a door and lock.Tho milk cans are laced in the tank, and water pumped into it up to the level of the milk, the milk being well stirrod all tho while.Should the night bo very warm, the water is drawn off and fresh water pumped in.The other patron, C., who sends nearly a ton of milk daily to my factory, has G large cans, set in a cool place, and into which the milk is poured in equal quantities.After stirring, a long, narrow pail, filled with ico water, is lowered into each can.In the morning, the milk is poured into 3 of them, and the emptied cans receivo the morning's milk.Both these patrons always sond their milk in the boat condition.Stirring and airing are of more importance than cooling.On no account should the morning's milk be mixed with the night's, The milk should be alwaye stirred and aired before putting on the lids.The device shown by D.M.Macpherson for cooling and airing, is tho best I have yet secn.D.M.MacrtäErson\u2014For 10 years I have devoted my attention to securing milk in the best condition.Two things have to be contended with\u2014the animal heat and odor.There is nothing peculiar about animal heat, and it can bo got rid of by cooling.The odor is harder to contend with, and is supposed to be a volatile oil, which evapor- atos at blood heat, but at 70 or 80 degrees becomes a fixture in the milk.[The spesker hero explained his now apparatus for atrain- ing, cooling and airing milk, which cannot be undorstood without wood cuts.The principle is to Jet the milk, after straining, trickle down in a thin sheet over a tin cone, cooled by ico water inside, It costs $10.] 1 endorse tho plan of a small building for keeping the cans overnight, and provided with a lock and key.Jt being nearly 6 o'clock, the Chairman informed the audience that tho convention would adjourn until after tes.EVENING SESSION.At the hour of re-opening, the hall was again found to be well-filled by a most attentive and orderly audience, The CHAIRMAN called upon Dr Gillis of Fort Covington to deliver an address, leaving him to chooso his subject.HEALTH OF COWS AND DRAINAGE, Dr GILLIS said\u2014Tho à phyeician L bave ractised all my life among farmers and armed a little myself.Butter is pretty much of a luxury, bot cheese is nourishing, and as a food, in some respects, is better even than beef.There is one point about drawing milk, which [ am afraid farmersdo not sufficiently look to, and that is, the health of the cows whose milk they send to the factory.1 have known myself of men who sent the milk of cows wbich they know wore laboring under disease, thinking no harm could arise as it would be mixed np with eo great a quantity in the vat.That is very wrong, and cannot be too severely condemned.There is a trouble among cows which is causing much alarm in some placee, and which has rendered many dairies useless.I refer to abortion, which prevails to «0 great an extent in many dairy districts that one-balf of the cows lose their calves.1 am not able to give the cause of the dis ease or any remedy, but would suggest an extended enquiry to discover the cause.There are 5 supposed causes : let, the use of [Continued on Fourth Page.) ey Yn mur re oa MrT Ragen a a.- raw wm ge rT nt gi ARI ITE a - -n cen a \u2014 2e 0 Io ee a BI MRS man 3 PAS The Canadian Gleaney, HUNTINGDON, THURSDAF, FEB.23, 1882.It is officially announced that the Provincial Government has sold the section of the North Shore railway, from Montreal to Ottawa, to the Pacific Syndicate for $3,600,000 cash and the assumption of $400,000 liabilities in the shape of extensions and improvements now under contract, so that the cost of the road to its new owners is 4 million dollars, Whether the sale is a good one no outsider can very well say, as the coat of the portion of the line thus transferred is known only to the Government.The probability is, that the Province has got back about what it has spent.The Syndicate now controls all the lines leading to Ottawa save the Coteau road, which it is now the interest of the Grand Trunk to keep free of its influence, From the rapid extension of the Syndicate's line above Ottawa, the lumber region will, henceforth, be easily accessible from Montreal without change of cars.The Montreal and Quebec section of the North Shore line will probably be leased to a company formed by MrSenecal.The full details will be made known on the assembling of the House in a fortnight.As is always the case, for a fortnight after opening, the proceedings in Parliament are uninteresting, and the sittings have rarely extended beyond a few hours.Progress has been made by the introduction of bills and several important resolutions will be brought forward by the Opposition upon receiving the information for which they have moved.Mr Blake, by the papers he has asked for, evidently contemplates an exhaustive expose of the doings of the Syndicate.The Budget is to be submitted to-morrow, which says a good deal for Sir Leonard Tilley's industry.It is not expected that any material change will be made in the tariff, beyond placing tea and coffee on the free list.Deputations of manufacturers have been waiting on him to urge more protection, among them one who modestly asked that the duty on pig iron be increased from 32 per ton to $7.THE corrected census returns give the population of this Province at 1,359,027, and that of Ontario at 1,923,228.A bill granting additional members to Ontario will be submitted during the session.The day is fast approaching when that Province will have the balance of power in her hands, a fact that causes the Ultra- montanes, no little apprehension.The total population of the Dominion is less than anticipated.Orators in their flights have been accustomed to speak of it as 5 millions, but it wants nearly seven hundred thousand of that figure.The following are the official returns : 108,891 440,872 ve .831,333 bec.tesese eos rosreasesnns vess 1,359,037 Ontario.rorosceacce0osenccuces sees.1,023,228 Manitoba.v\u2026\u2026c000.65,954 British Columbis.aucun ccsasr0008 49,459 The Northwest Territories.56,446 Canada\u2014Total population .0.4,294,810 jority of the Roman Catholics of the parish of St Anicet to sign in favor of building à new church, and, as those in authority seem to be very anxious for one, there is little doubt but that the requisite number of signatures will be obtained, as many will sign altho against their inclination.Those in favor of building, assert that the church will not cost over $20,000, which would be about ten per cent.on the assessed value of their farms, but those opposed to it, say that it will cost a great deal more, and that, once committed to building, the estimate might be exceeded.Even at $20,000, the tax would bear heavily on many who are in debt or who have all they can do to make a living, and would lead to their leaving for some section where no class of men have the legal power of oppressing people in the name of religion.However this may be, it is well for Protestants to bear in mind that an assessment to build a new church affects them, for a Protestant.who buys land from a Catholic, without a special agroe- ment, will have to pay the tax, which, the not registered, is à first mortgage upon it.Evea those selling land to & Roman Ca tholic will find it prudent to get enough .paid down to secure the vendor, for, after the deed is passed, the land would be liable, and if the buyer could not pay or gave it back the land would be still held for it.During the time a tax was being levied to build the church\u2019at Huntingdon, there were a fow instances of Protestants being dragged into paying it on land they had bought or were interested in, so that this warning will not be eonsidered uncalled for or untimely.A CABLE despatch tells of a \u201csmoking concert\u201d given in London on Friday last, at which the performers were mainly members of the aristocracy and the audience, which numbered 400, were exclusively of that class.The leader and first violinist was the Duke of Edinburgh, while the tympanum was played by a clergyman, who is a nephew of the Dean of Canterbury.The Prince of Wales was among the audience.No ladies were allowed to be present, and, we are told, \u201cduring the concert everyone smoked and drank as much as they wished.The concert was most enjoyable.\u201d And this is the aristocracy who are the bulwark of Church and State ! THE details of the census are not given yet, but the following totals per municipality are of interest.For the sake of comparison we print, in a parallel column, the returns of 1871, and it will bo seen, that, leaving out Valleyfield, the population of the District has fallen off in the 10 years.Howick having been counted in with St Malachie in 1871, the decrease in that parish is smaller than appears Ly the new returns : CHATEAUGAY.1881 1871 St Jean Chrysostome, 4,078 4,291 Ste Martine, 2,278 2,543 St Antoine, 829 1,080 St Malachie, 2,674 2,958 St Urbain, 1,317 1,666 Ste Philomène, 1,360 1,548 St Joachim, 1,654 2,080 Howick, 203 14,393 16,166 HUNTINGDON.Hemmingford, 2,315 2,398 Havelock, 1,209 1,433 Franklin, 1,221 1,441 Hinchinbrook, 2.334 2,441 Elgin, 1,048 1,121 Godmanchester, 1,893 2,055 Huntingdon, 856 763 St Anicet, 3,120 3,070 Dundee, 1,499 1,582 15,495 16,304 , BEAUHARNOIS, Valleyfield, 3,906 St Timothée, 2,360 2,479 Melocheville & St Clement 1,846 2,068 St Stanislas de Kostka, 1,426 1,553 St Louis de Gonzague, 2,674 3,172 St Etienne, 1,037 1,097 Beauharnois, 1,499 1,423 Ste Cécile, 1,257 2,965 16,005 14,757 \u2014\u2014 ORMSTOWN COUNCIL.TaI8 council met on Friday; all the members present except Councillor Kil- gour.The by-law, granting a bonus of $20,000 to the Canada Atlantic Railway Company, was passed, Councillor Stewart dissenting.The following are the conditions : A.One-half of the sum or ten thousand dollars shall be due and payable to the said company three months after the rails have been laid, and the first train of cars have been run thru from the river St Lawrence at or below the town of Valleyfield, in the county of Beau- harnois to the River Richelieu.The balance, or the second sum of ten thousand dollars shall be due and payable to the said company in one year from the day the first payment of ten thousand dollars becomes due, as aforesaid, both payments shall be made at the office of the said council, without interest.B.A good and suitable depot and station shall be built at no greater distance than one-half mile east from the commencement of the by-road leading from the front road of the first concession of Ormstown, to the front road that divides the second from the third concession of Ormstown, with convenient and sufficient sidings at said depot and station ; this bonus to hold good until the first day of January, 1884 ; if the said road is not completed in accordance with the Clauses A and B, then this honus to be null and void.C.Written notice from the Chief Engineer of the said Company, served at the office of the said Council, of the running of the first train of cars, and the erection of the requisite depot and station accommodation, as set forth in clauses À.aud B.shall bo deemed satisfactory and sufficient notice for the action of the Mayor carrying out the conditions therein set forth.D.For the purpose of raising the said sum a special rate or assessment shall be imposed only upon all taxable real pro- erty in the said Municipality of St hie d\u2019'Ormstown, at the rate of one cent and three-quarters of a cent upon every dollar of the assessable value of the real property only one- half of the said sum to be levied and paid upon the completion of the said road as aforesaid, and the other half thereof in one year thereafter.That the rates to be charged for freight or shall be upon a pro rata scale.E.The mid special tax or assessment shall be due and payable the same as all other taxes and assessments which the said Municipal Council is authorized to impose.The meeting of Ratepayers to vote\u2019 on the by-law will take place in the office of the council on Wednesday, 15th March, at 10 o'clock a.m.\u2014 && James S.Nicolson is guotiod 2nd lieutenant of No.5 company, Beauharnois, of the Voltigeurs, vice Lawrence Madden.The contract for the erection of a now Methodist church at Chatesugey, N.Y:,has been awarded to Moore & Field (the contractors for the Huntingdon Methodist church) for $6,912.RAILWAY MEETING AT HUNT- INGDON, ON Thursday, 16th, a deputation from the parish of St Malachie de Ormstown, composed of R.N.Walsh, Thomas Gebbie, jr., and John Gibson, waited on Dr Cameron, M.P.P., requesting him to call a meeting of the ratepayers of Huntingdon county to appoint delegates, to co-operate with delegates from St Malachie, in holding an interview with the board of the Champlain Junction Company relative to their extending their line from Ste Martine to Huntingdon.The requested meeting took place in the County Building on the following day (Friday), when no less than 200 were present.Dr Cameron was called to the chair.He said: Yesterday afternoon a very respectable deputation from Ormstown waited on me and others in the village.Tho object of their visit was to see whethor the Huntingdon people would act in concert with the Ormstown eople, to consider the propriety of opening negotiations with the Grand Trunk, or Champlain Junction Company, with a view to have them extend their line from Ste Martine to Huntingdon.The deputation were so gentlemanly in their behavior that I could not refuse their request, and it is for you, and not for me, to say what you will do in the matter.This railway agitation has now become somewhat historical.It began two years ago, when we had heard that the Grand Trunk had secured a charter to build a railroad thru this section.We at once opened negotiations with them, asking how much they wanted from us to build the line.The terms, which you know, were so oppressive, that we could not entertain them.After this, we sought a railway in other quarters, but, by that time, the Grand Trunk had modified their terms, and then asked £300,000 of a bonus.We then determined to ask the Dominion Parliament to grant a charter to the Montreal & Province Line Railroad Company.We went to Ottawa, but could not get the charter, in consequence of the opposition offered by the Grand Trunk.No sooner had the American company been defeated at Ottawa, than some one endeavored to get a charter for them from the Local House.They were met there by the same Grand Trunk opposition, but were more successful than we had been at Ottawa, for they got some kind of a charter.The company ad scarcely time to get it, before an injunction was entered against them by the Grand Trunk.Mr Foster interviewed me the other day, and part of that interview will not, as he requested, be made public.But since then, Mr Foster has made a statement, in a neighboring parish, to the effect that the South Shore was a fizzle, or something like that.Now, the Grand Trunk prevented us from carrying out that scheme.Grand Trunk influence was the means of entramelling that company with conditions which no company could possibly fulfill.You might as well throw me into a dungeon, chain me and guard me by a sentinel, and then say, pointing the finger of scorn at me, Why does not that lubber of a man go ahead ?That was ungenerous for Mr Foster to say, for he knows that the reason why the South Shore did not go on, was because of the obstacles devised by his associates.We want a railway, and a railway we will have.If the Grand Trunk had come forward saying, Give us reasonable aid, and we will give you a railway in return, instead of pointing, us they bave done, the finger of scorn at us, they could expect more from us to-day.But the question is now, gentlemen, are you prepared to open negotiations with the Grand Trunk and get a railway a little sooner than you otherwise can?Are we to forgive the past and show magnanimity ?Kor myself, I have my opinion about the Grand Trunk.I have known Mr Foster fora number of years, and he and I are personal friends, tho we are publicly opposed to each other.The Grand Trunk showed great solicitude in extending their line from Brousseau\u2019s, because we were applying to the Dominion Parliament for a charter.They assured the railway committee, in my presence, that they were prepared to give us a railway, and had the means to do so, Just now, another charter is being asked from Parliament ; and that is one reason why they are so anxious to extend their line a little farther than Ste Martine.And now, if you are prepared to give a bonus with the Ormstown people, for without a bonus Mr Foster has said, we will get no railway, you will have an opportunity to do so.Mr JAMES FORTUNE asked for information respecting offers made by other com- anies, The CHAIRMAN said, Those of you who read the Gleaner, have seen, among the offers lately made to us, that of the Montreal and Sorel, but which is now called the Great Eastern Railway Company.Their representative wanted to know if the people of this section would co-operate with tliem in endeavoring to get a charter at Ottawa during the present session.We sent this reply, we thought they would, provided that they showed their ability to carry out the work ; that they commenced work at Huntingdon in 1882; that they complete the road from the frontier line to St Lamberts by 1884; and that the seccure connection with the American railway system by 1885, r J.M.SHANLY, who was present, asked the Chairman to read the following telegraph, which he had just received : SOREL, Que, Feby.17.Terms mentioned are satisfactory and can be guaranteed.It is in the interest of Huntingdon to be independent of the Grand Trunk.C.N.ARMSTRONG, The CHAIRMAN considered that Mr Fortune's question was answered.Mr FORTUNE thought not, however, and advised the appointment of & committee to see what company would build a railway for the least money.As for himself, he would not throw the Grand Trunk aside altogether.The other company wanted help from the people as well as it.The CHAIRMAN explained that it was moral support and not pounds, shillings and pence that the Montreal and Sorel Company wanted from the people.But, gent omen, the object of this meeting is to consider the propriety of opening negotiations with hs Grand Trunk and no other company.Of course, Mr Fortune's question will assist the meeting.Mr DANIEL M'FARLANE\u2014I do not intend to say much.Since the object of this meeting is specific, I do not think we can consider the offer of any other company than that of the Grand Trunk, until it is disposed of.The Doctor and myself were once on a committee to confer with the Grand Trunk, and the terms they asked were, that we give the right of way, furnish ties, prepare the track for the rails, and pay a share of what the rails would cost.This would amount to an enormous sum ; and it was so large, that we could not entertain their proposition.After that, however, they modified their terms, and Mr Hickson asked $300,000, but head- vised us to petition the Montreal Cit Council for a grant of $150,000; and as for à similar amount from the Local Legislature.In this way, we would get the railway for nothing.But certain parties told us, that the Montreal Council was not disposed to give us any money, and how could we get money from the Local House, when they have only an empty treasury ?(Hear, hear.) Mr Foster bas said that $10,000 would be too little from the Ormstown people, Mr THoMAS CAIRNS said that, as a rule, beggars generally came in person to prefer their requests.He thought that the Grand Trunk should have had somebody present to meet the people.The CHAIRMAN said that he took the same view of the matter that Mr Cairns did.He (the Chairman), as a private individual, told Mr Foster that he thought that the people might be induced to give the right of way.In reply to which, he was told that the right of way from Ste Martine to Huntingdon would cost $60,000.\u201cAnd will you,\u201d said Mr Foster, \u201cgive that amount and get the railway 1\u201d He (Mr Foster) went away promising to be back on Tuesday with a proposition, but this arrangement, he was afraid, had been reversed by the meeting at Durham.The delegates from Durham stated, that the Ormstown people meant to give as little as possible and get as much as they could in return.But, gentlemen, it is for you to say whether it is worth your while, in view of the proposition made to us by the Montreal and Sorel Company, to entertain that of the Grand Trunk, But remember, be not deceived.This company has not got a charter yet.Mr D.M\u2019FARLANE\u2014Would it not be a very pertinent question to ask this meeting at once, whether they will elect a committee to confer with the Grand Trunk ?Mr SHANKS asked, in the event of the Montreal and Sorel Company failing to get a charter, would it not be well to entertain still the offer of the Grand Trunk ?Their terms, so far as he knew, were not very high, and they might still be modified.He assured the meeting that he himself was no Grand Trunk man, but spoke in their favor, because he thought a railway could be got from them sooner shan from anybody else.They had a bridge ; the other company had not; and it would be five years, at least, before the proposed tunnel could be opened for traffic, if ever built.Mr Foster snid we would have the cars by next Fall, but how truthful he is, you yourselves can judge.Several Voices\u2014\"\u201cFrom the past.\u201d Mr SHANES continuing his remarks, said that he had asked Mr Foster how much they wanted to build the road and was answered $60,000.Whether it was to Huntingdon only, or as far as Dundee that their lino would run for that amount, Mr Foster was not prepared to state, It appeared to him, that they might be cutting their own noses off, by not supporting the Grand Trunk at present.He understood the force of the Chairman's remark that we would get a railway yet.But it was a question whether Mr Boyd and his party would succeed in getting a charter at Ottawa.His (Mr Shanks\u2019) own impression was, that they would not, for the Grand Trunk would make such representations at Ottawa, as would hinder them from getting one.He repeated that he was no Grand Trunk man, but weuld support a movement to get a railway from them as being the only chance they had at present, EVERAL VOICES \u2014If they lie to Parliament, they will lie to us.Major WHYTE said he could endorse everything said by Mr Shanks, with the excoption that that gentleman had remarked that he (Mr Shanks) was no Grand Trunk man, As for himself, he was a thuro Grand Trunk man, and had no faith in any other company.He would fivor the granting of a bonus to the Grand Trunk, for over 30 years a railway agitation has been going on in this district, but, so far, little or nothing has been done.He knew a hatred existed in the country against the Grand Trunk.Go out into the country, and you will find that this is the case, but ask a farmer why he is opposed to the Grand Trunk and he cannot tell you.At all events, the Montreal and Sorel road is not the one we want.They have no bridge, and we would be landed at St Lamberts, whereas Montreal is our market.He thought that to have the road run from the seigniory line to Dundee, $40,000 would not be too much.Mr SHANLY\u2014It has been stated that we have no bridge.Now, we have a lease of the Victoria Bridge for the passage over it of our trains for a period of ten years, Mr JAMES CAMERON, Athelstan\u2014Are we to understand that the charter held by the Grand Trunk is to exist for all time ?If go, they rule at Ottawa, and will rule here also.(Hear, hear) Has not the Grand Trunk, in order to keep their charter in force, certain obligations to fuléill 1 I think they have.Mr \u2018D.M'FARLANE\u2014When does the charter of the Grand Trunk expire by limitation - The CHAIRMAN said it expired in \"84 Hé expressed his pleasure at Major Whyte's speech, but could not understand why that gentleman had no faith in any other company than the Grand Trunk.How long is it since the Grand Trunk first got a charter to build a railway thru this district 1 Twelve.years.How often had that charter expired by limitation, and been renewed again?And yet not a shovelful of dust had been turned.How much road have they built during the past two years?Nine miles.At this rate, they would reach Huntingdon at the end of ten years, and yet Major Whyte is highly satisfied with this company.(Cheers) Why has he no faith in the South Shore 1 He repeated here his illustration about being thrown into a dungeon, and claimed that that was just the treatment to which the South Shore had been subjected by Grand Trunk influence, and which had prevented their going on.There was a good deal, however, in what the Major had said.Mr SHANKS\u2014T'rue.Mr Avex.CHALMERS said that a railway was wanted.He had faith in the Montreal and Sorel Company, for they did a great amount of work during last summer.e believed they were able to give us a road.But there was one feature which had not yet been mentioned, and it was that the people of Ormstown and Howick were beginning to side with the Grand Trunk, so that more influence than ever would be brought to bear on the Government against the granting of & charter to the Sorel company.Mr SmANKS\u2014No doubt, it will assist the Grand Trunk should they get the people of Ormstown and Howick to oppose the charter.There is a good deal of force in Mr Chalmers\u2019 remarks.It might be well to draw up a resolution giving our reason for not supporting the Grand Trunk.It would have some weight with the people of Howick and Ormstown.Mr PETER MCFARLANE, Kelso, said that, tho the district had not been rightly treated, he had always been used well by the Grand Trunk.But they might decide that day whether they would wait a little longer for the sake of the Montreal and Sorel Company, or not.If that company got a charter, he believed that they (the untingdon people) would have a railway by this time next year.If they went to Ottawa, and supported the charter of the Great Eastern Company, they would get a railway and one much better than the Grand Trunk would give.Many voices interrupting\u2014What kind of a station have they at Ste Martine ?Mr D.M'FARLANE\u2014How many cheese will it hold ?(Laughter.) The CHAIRMAN said that he thought it was his duty to state that the present station at Ste Martine was only à temporary affair ; and that a better one would e built as soon as the company could buy timber at a suitable rate, Mr D.M'FARLANE thought it was premature to appoint & committee to confer with the Grand Trunk because the ratepayers of St Malachie were divided among themselves at present.Nothing ought to be done until they have decided their present bylaw.Mr P.McFARLANE\u2014Perhaps this meeting is not aware that the Grand Trunk party in Ormstown are the opposition to the Canada Atlantic Company, to which, one party in Ormstown is endeavoring to grant a bonus.I am satisfied that if the Grand Trunk had not offered us so much opposition, we would have been able to go to Montreal, from Huntingdon, in the cars to-day.(Applause.Mr THoMAS CAIRNS said he would be in favor of waiting on the new company (Montreal and Sorel).He considered the present move of the Grand Trunk was simply to choke off the charter now asked for at Ottawa.Mr CHALMERS\u2014I would state that the Howick people are in favor of giving a bonus to the Grand Trunk.Mr D.M'FARLANE\u2014 Will they be willing to give a bonus to the Grand Trunk after giving one to the Canada Atlantic ?Major WEYTE\u2014Woe have nothing to do with the Canada Atlantic, Mr SHANKS thought a committee ought to be appointed.It was then moved by Major Whyte, seconded by Alex.Chalmers, that a delegation be appointed to confer with the Ormstown people with a view to have the Champlain Junction Company extend their line from Ste Martine to Huntingdon.Mr JoBN Forn\u2014It appears to me that we have been fizzled long enough by the Grand Trunk.And now they have laid another bait for us.À Voice\u2014Not at all.Mr Forp\u2014I believe the Grand Trunk authorities have been the means of keeping us without a railroad so long, We should, therefore, be decided to a single man, against a delegation.The motion was then put by the Chairman, after explaining its object once more.8 out of the two hundred in the room were in favor of it.A motion was then put that a committee be not appointed, and was carried unanimously.Mr Forp thought, tho it might be a little out of place, that the meeting should now turn round and give its support to the Montreal and Sorel Company.Mr J.H.GILMORE said that all who wished to support that company could do 80 by subscribing their names to the petition asking Parliament to give it a charter.Mr JouN HUNTER\u2014Send for the papers.CHAIRMAN\u2014Thoe same papers may be seen at Wilson & McGinnis\u2019, Athelstan, and at the Post-office in Huntingdon.Mr Joun HuUNTER\u2014Business is not rushing, we can wait until the petitions are brought.Mr THOMAS CATRNS\u2014We will wait for i two hours if necessary.Moved by Daniel M'farlane, seconded RA Dr Mars all: That this meeting here- p itæelf to give its support at Ciedwa to tho Montreal and Sore Com- y, to enable them to get their charter.unanimously, be trying to subscribe his name first, se ready were all to give their sup to that company, and a majority of the 8 signed along with the reat.LL && A musical entertainment, under the auspices of the Presbyterian congregation, Athelstan, was held in the base- | ment of the church on Thursday evening, the 16th.Owing to the unfavorable state of the roads and the weather, the attendance was not so large as in more favorable circumstances it would have been.There was, however, a respectable gathering.The Rev J.B.Muir was chosen chairman and discharged his duties in his usual happy manner.Professor McLaren of Montreal (who is now well-known in this district as a singer of Scottish songs and a fine reader of Scottish stories) was the principal artiste on the occasion.His playing, singing and readings were in his best style and were highly appreciated.We never heard him do better, and should he again visit Athel- stan he will command a crowded house.Mr Nichols, of Ormstown, was present and ave valuable aid to the concert.Mr oynachan, of Montreal, contributed much to the pleasure of the audience, by singin several songs with good taste an marked ability.Nor should we overlook the admirable way in which Miss Rowe and Miss Boyce acquitted themselves in the readings they gave during the course of the evening.Much regrot was expressed by the chairman and shared in by the meeting that, owing to recent family affliction, Mr James Buchanan and his daughter were unable to be present to render assistance in the musical department, as they have been wont on former occasions so kindly to do.Proceeds after paying all expenses 830.We subjoin the program : 1.The dear little Shamrock.Prof.McLaren 3.Cleaning o the Clock.ces 4 4 3.Nancy Lea,.\u2026.\u2026.».+e 000.0 Mr Loynachan 4.Knrl the Martyr (Resding).Miss Rowe 5.I'll live as long as I can.,.Prof.McLaren 6.Irish Song~\u2014Believe me, &c.Mr Nichols 1.Cuddie Down.Prof.McLaren 8.The Laird 0\u2019 Cockpen.\u2026.\u2026.Mr Loynachan 9.The Heart's Charity (Reading).Miss Boyce 10.The Barrin 0\u2019 the Door.Prof.McLaren 11.Duet, Robin Ruff, .Prof.MeLaren & Mr Loynachan 12, Scotland Yot.\u2026.evens Mr Nichols 13.Auld Lang Syne and God Sava the Queen=- by audience, led by Prof.McLaren KT The contract for conveying the mail from Caughnawaga to Ste Martine bas been awarded to a Canadian in the former place at over $300 a year, and that from Ste Martine to Huntingdon to Louis Turcot at $800.Both contracts are subject to be annulled or changed by the Department, in the event of the Grand Trunk extending their line westward.The old contractor, Mr McMaster, sent in a tender for the Huntingdon division, but was received too late at Ottawa.Being for $800 he would likely have been awarded it.The new contractors begin next week.8\" The Episcopal parsonage at Hem- mingford, was destroyed by fire on the 17th.The Rev Mr White, the incumbent, had returned from Montreal and was sitting at dinner with his family, a little after 6 o'clock, when the servant gave the alarm.The fire seems to have originated with the kitchen chimney.From the direction of the wind the stables and outbuildings were soon ablaze.The horse was the only thing saved outside, and this with some difficulty.The neighbors came with all speed from a considerable distance.The parsonage is about a mile east of the village.Some of the contents of the dining-room and parlor were saved.There was no insurance on the house, but Mr White's personal property was insured to the amount of about $3000.4&4 Yesterday while Daniel M'farlane, of Elgin, was leading a horse from water, the animal reared and he was knocked down.A rib is broken but the injury tho painful is not as serious as it might have been.\u20ac& The funeral of James McWhinnie, sen, of Ormstown, took place yesterday.Extraordinary precautions were resorted to against resurrectionists.&&7 An official enquiry is in progress at Caughnawaga into the causes of the discontent which prevails, and arises from the agent, M.Cherrier, favoring the French Canadians and endeavoring to settle them on the reserve.From what we know, independent of the evidence that has been en, we are well assured that the Indians of Caughnawaga, with all their faults, and they are probably the worst band in the Province, have been unjustly and tyrannically treated and that their homesteads have been given to French Canadians and their woods plundered.The removal of M.Cherrier and of families like the deLorimiers who only claim Indian blood when it is necessary to hold their foothold in the Reserve, would seem to be necessary.The Reserve having been carefully surveyed, the Department purposes to subdivide it into lots and allocate them to each family ; this action to be followed up by their enfranchisement.8& The congregation of St Pauls, Ormstown, have handsomely come forward and given an increase of $200 to the salary of the Rev D.W.Morison, to make up for the loss of the $200 he derived from the Temporalities fund.&& Complaint is made in the County of Chateaugay, that the plans of the cadastre lately registered, have not been made with all the care and exactness desired.Thus, at Chateaugay Basin, the heirs of the Boulter estate figure as possessing 8 arpents and 4 perches of land, while, in reality they own more than 200 arpents ; Mr Laberge, who more than 100 arpents, is registered for 13; Mr John Jack, who owns more than 175 arpenta, is marked as having 11; Mr Seers, who possesses more than 200 arpents, 19 registered as having 40, and so on if our information is correct.\u2014 Le Progres.[here must be some explanation of this.far as we had opportunity of observing, Mr Sullivan has done his part with muc conscientiousness\u2014En.G.&&\" On the 13th, during the horse races at Beaubarnois, à young man from St Louis de Gonzague, named Joseph Mar- ro