The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 décembre 1930, lundi 1 décembre 1930

[" Ge JOURNAL ae tt Serle aa \u2014_ ICULTURE Al aa AG = = \u2014\u2014 - = oma AND HORTICULTURE ra Number 6 Volume 34 December Ist 1930 i -e NN Ne FAN sr Pa N 3 ~~ pa NS a i I À 7 Ke Gé À es Re.J A 4, oN SW, * + \\ 7 NC y 3 ¥ * 7 A ; A M N° MY % 4 N \u2018le ) | | t 2 \u201cA Fe NS } /, 3 \u201csa ON 3 y = - - = ~~ $i y ¥ 5 CS = a 1m Hn \u201c< 4 pay EL ce = » à 20 IP x 0 \" Ba A> dhe A a pe IT « } opoun en ~ £08 j ES É moe N Xe A 0 ce a i) 2.es a ACY \u2018x A & Nr -\u2019 nS pl SAS 77 : $ Lo \u20ac a 5 % DAS $ pret + ae .OF PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE \u2014\u2014 = THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC. Il THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE A GOOD INVESTMENT You are deeply interesetd in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and its costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building Quebec.Why a Maple Grove Shows Profit Every Maple Grove can show a nice profit - -it is all a question of handling it right.This beaut fui neck Tap every tree the right way, gather all ; piece, 24 inen long; the sap fresh and clean and then use a , guaranteed pearls, D or unbreakable, ciusp set GRIMM CHAMPION at! with a DIAMOND.sed This value of $5.00 sent FREE to you, in a fine satin lined case.DON'T SEND MONEY ! On request we send a sample copy.NATIONAL EXPRESS Money Orders, Forcign Remittances Get 20 packets of our i the Travellers Cheques good and fine needles us Are Payabie at Par\u2014 Everywhere \u201cPRIZE MEDAL\" sell them to turn out fine quality syrup and sugar.The Grimm Champion always earns dividends for its user\u2014it gets the most returns at the least proportionate cost; it does the work for you in a nice, clean, easy way and helps to put those extra dollars in your pocket that makes your ® mm for Use this convenient, dependable way of sending money home to $ family or friends or for providing 1S mas- yourself with funds for overseas travel.Obtainable at any Cana- Ar pias rn a oe Pang dian National Railways station Address work really worth while.Now is the time : ; ; eo express ollice, or write to make up your mind to have a Grimm Lo Here's a suggestion.give Ccleman Gifts Ca di P Nati \u2019 1E P.& C.NOUVEAUTES, ENRG.Champion in your Maple Grove.Write to | and make Christmas joy lust the whole year nadian Nationa Xpress Dept.J.through! They muke their own gas from w, H.BRYCE, Manager, Money Onde Dept BEAUCEVILLE, Que.GRIMM MANUFACTURING CO.ë regular untreated motor fuel.355 McGill Street - MONTREAL 60 Wellington St.Montreal x Coleman Lamps and Lanterns .arereal \u201cfamily gifts\u201d that keep on giving pleasure and service.Give better light.Eo clear, natural brilliance.Light instantly.No generating.Make their own gas from regular untreated motor fuel.ROTO - TYPE BURNER É .a Colemaninvention # that assures continu- 125LBS.ous,trouble free service, FREE FLOWINC Nov, on Instant-Lite A Lamps.This burner has ÿ an cxtra-large, long-life FER J Il | 7 ER Generator ai:d a Rotary TipClennerthut assures | free passage of vaporiz- J ¢d gas.Lamps are fin- @ ishcd in colorful Colac; Ka Kreme Lite Shades, - of Le The Coleman Radian: Heater A dandy homo giftall the folks\u201d will enjoy.It is & cozy.portable fireplace.Carry it up- [Jens stairs, downstairs, ol] around the house.Produces a spread- MR ing, active heat that BE flows out in a fan- Bf like zone.Has Instant Gas M Starter that lights ME instantly.Thermo- § Safety Control prevents flooding.MADE IN CANADA - 4 BY CANADIAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED FERTILIZER DIVISION oT À Dry and free flowing Fertilizer - MONTREAL, QUE\u2014TORONTD, ONT.| 3 i \u201cThe Coleman M Air-O-Gas Stove a : * - ° rte it fr Cheaper.because it's Quebec made f caves her time and M work.The Coleman 2.PA ready So .better, because thirty years\u2019 experience has developed M roast, torst or broil.fertilizers that spread evenly, cover more ground, cannot M Equipped with In- i if i start Gas Starter that clog in the drill.8; lights right row.À LOT, er features youn HEN you need C-I-L superphosphate spreading.C-I-L superphosphate is free çÇ § No re and mixed fertilizers, there's no flowing under all conditions, because it Mode 34 7 «very purse waiting, no delay.No ordering contains less moisture than ordinary A nd puipore.ahead, and hoping your fertilizer will arrive fertilizers.in time.C-I-L.fertilizers are right IN STOCK at your nearest dealer's or the Coopérative Fédérée de Québec.ready Every dollar invested in C-I-L Free Flow- for you to haul away.ing Fertilizers means big- Here are just the fertiliz- ger, healthier spring .crops, mor rofit per ,; ers and the kind of service are , e pro p | The New Coleman Iron Just the present the | girls and mother will appreciate.Lights at once.No generating.Fullironing heat in 3 minutes.Double- pointed and wrinkle- proof.No cords, plugs or connections.Iron Get larger yields.bigger profits anywhere.vou've always wanted.No .f Information and mics lumps, no bother with a Drive in today and get I | man Gite Meanie À clogged drill and uneven your supply ! | Mail This Coupon ÿ Te Dry and Free Flowing Fertilizers 1 | \u2014 rm a THE COLEM- ** * AMP & STOVE CO.,Ltd.Dept.820 T , Ontari | ! 1 want to know more about \u2018Coleman Gift for | CA N A D I A N i N D U ST R i ES LI M ITE D : | {J Lighting | Heating [J Cooking [ Ironing I \\ |, | FERTILIZER DIVISION A i ome .Foerreseetanrrarentirractrratrienstbent te | ; ! Address.0 ssscssnsesares ser seen sennnn se (8020) - MONTREAL ee 3 v > a A THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE I You can cook a whole meal over one burner or heating space with these \u201cWear-Ever\u201d Triplicate Saucepans.Also made in extra -thick, cast polished aluminum for Waterless Cooking.Get the genuine with the name on the bottom.EE EE | at good stores\u2014 everywhere ALUMINIUM (VI) LIMITED TORONTO - MONTREAL | À Reputation We Are Proud Of From coast to coast International medicinal and mineral products enjoy the confidence of, and are held in high esteem by thousands of livestock owners.This splendid reputation has been won by us after years of hard work, honest and fair dealings and striving to always give users the most reliable and satisfying products.: For 42 years we have been making medicinal and mineral preparations for livestock exclusively\u2014this and this only has been our business; all our study, research work and experimentation done by capable Veterinarians, Chemists and experts in livestock management has been directed to one end\u2014to produce preparations that would positively achieve the purpose for which they are intended.The success of our undertaking and the enviable reputation we have built up is well exemplified by the fact that in practically every township, municipality and parish throughout Canada the name \u201cInternational\u201d is looked upon as standing for reliability, service and integrity.International preparations are made with the definite idea of producing results, and within reason they do.With us quality is not an accident, but the result of high intent and sincere effort.If you are near a Post Box You are near your Bank Ha If it suits you better to doso, you EL may do your banking by mail.Your money is safer in the Bank than at home.Send it, in any shap most convenient for you, to a Branch of the Bank of Montreal.Cash should be sent by registered mail.Write to any Branch fer our booklet \u201cBanking by i 2h Mail\u201d.It may save you AR ll many a trip to town.ANK OF MONTREAL Established 1817 © oe ci @.come .o@ @ INTERNATIONAL STOCK +F00D CO.GENUINE BARBADOS Paney MOLASSES \u201cBEMA BRAND\" Le An All-Year-Round Food EF Sis Rich in Vitamines VSO Serie Fan Healthful and \\ .Molasses D li .Good Grocers Sellit\u2014in Bulk Only top IV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE | mn ag PREFERRED IN COLD COUNTRIES THE WORLD OVER Throughout the Frigid Wastes of Northern Manchuria wa DING over frozen rivers and white-capped mountains, the modern Liao-tung highway enables Manchu motorists to travel between vast stretches of snow and ice.Like shrewd motorists the world over, the oil they depend upon for perfect engine lubrication is Mobiloil Arctic.Mobiloil Arctic permits quick starting in coldest weather.It also provides rich lubrication for every moving part of your engine at high operating temperatures.This double range character has gained widespread preference for Mobiloil Arctic, not only in Canada but also in Finland, in Iceland, in Norway and in all other cold countries of the world.There are thousands of good Mobiloil dealers throughout the Dominion.Go to the nearest one today and have him drain your crankcase and refill with Mobiloil Arctic\u2014the World's Quality Winter Oil.And for Your Gears MOBILOIL \u201cCW?\u201d Mobiloil \u201cCW\u201d Gear lubricant lubricates perfectly in coldest weather and clings tenaciously to each gear tooth.It lightens the engine load and makes gear shifting easy.I does not channel nor separate out.And, because of its adhesive quality it gives added winter protection to your transmission and differential.Change to Mobiloil \u201c CW\u201d\u2014today.= Mobiloil + The World\u2019s Quality Winter Oil IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED Marketers of Mobiloil in Canada Manufactured by VACUUM OIL COMPANY 1 ME eT a i tm ad aa ISSUED .MONTHLY | | ?\\ | A | BY THE DEPARTMENT OF THE JO AGRICULTURE \u2014\u2014 \u2014 FOR RATES OF ADVERTISEMENTs ADDRESS TO THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO.OF THE - Limited, PROVINCE OF O .33 St.James St., W.QUEBEC.Montreal.All matters relating to ENGLISH.7,599 Bee de SR x FRENCH.63,758 Hodgins, Editor, Macdonald College P.O., P.Q.AND HORTICULTURE Circulation - 71,359 Volume 34 DECEMBER 1st 1930 EDITORIAL COMMENT THE HONOURABLE J.L.PERRON Agriculture for Quebec, whose death occurred on November 20th, Quebec loses one of her ablest politicians, one of her most successful financiers, one of her brightest legal lights and one of her most loyal citizens.While but fifty-seven years of age when cut off by death, the Honourable Mr.Perron had already made his impress on almost every important phase of the public life of this province.With the single possible exception of the Prime Minister, the Honourable Mr.Taschereau, it is difficult to call to mind any of his contemporaries who was better or more favourably known; and the thousands who attended his funeral, one of the most impressive ever witnessed in Montreal, by so doing attested to the popularity of the man.I\" the passing of the Honourable J.L.Perron, Minister of Born and brought up on a farm, Mr.Perron was trained later for the bar, and it was in legal circles that the first won public recognition.Entering the Quebec ditions, he drew up a programme calculated to exploit to the utmost the possibilities of the agriculture of the province.Concerning this programme little need be said here.A full report on its many provisions has already appeared in our columns; in short, it was based on the common-sense idea that Quebec farmers should, in so far as circumstances of climate and soils might allow, first plan to take advantage of the profitable markets existing within the borders of the province before looking abroad for markets in which they would be forced to meet world-wide competition; and to accomplish this he drew up production programmes for the various sections of the province based upon the needs of the markets within their reach, and then followed this up with an intensive campaign for the spread of the co-operative scheme for the efficient disposal of these products.Greater efficiency was the watchword\u2014an efficiency that was to be based upon not only a more rational Legislative Assembly in 1910, the same spirit of energy and the same astuteness of mind that had made of him an outstanding lawyer soon picked him out as a politicion who would make his mark; and from that time on, his counsels have been eagerly sought by his colleagues on matters of import to the province.It was in 1921, however, that the Honourable Mr.Perron first became well known to the man in the street, for it was in that year that he was made Minister of Roads, a post that he was destined to fill with the utmost distinction.The story of his inauguration and successful administration of Quebec's Good Roads Policy is too well known to need repeating; suffice it to say that when the Honourable Mr.Perron took over the Department there were but 4,500 miles of improved highways in the province, and that during his regime some 6,000 miles were added to this total.Not only have the improved highways added greatly to the attractions of Quebec as a tourist centre, but they have given as well access to markets to scores of production and marketing programme, but also upon more efficient livestock and better varieties of grains, vegetables and fruits.Many of the policies worked out under this new programme have already been put into force with gratifying results; it is only to be cegretted that the Honourable Mr.Perron was not allowed to live to see the full fruition of his far-sighted plans for the betterment of the agricultural conditions of the province to which he has always contributed of his best.Quebec will long bear the impress of the Honourable Mr.Perron\u2019s activities.Everyone who has occasion to make use of the provincial highways (or even of the lesser local roads, for these also have changed greatly in character as a result of his policies as * Minister of Roads) is already conscious of the great improvements in this field that cwed their genesis to him; while his agri- cu'tural programme is destined to influence for many decades the production and marketing systems of the farmers of this province.We should like to quote, in closing, a farming centres that had previously been isolated.His organizing genius, shown in his work in the Department of Roads and also in his activities in the fields of industry and finance, has for years been recognized as eXceptional, and when, in April of 1929, the resignation of the Honourable J.E.Caron from the Ministry of Agriculture, because of ill-health, left vacant one of the most important cabinet positions in the province, and that at a time when a strong hand was needed to assist agriculture during a time of stress, it was but natural that the Honourable Mr.Perron should have been asked to assume the responsibilities of this office.This he did with his customary energy.Himself the owner and operator of a number of farms in the province, he was already acquainted with many of the problems of the farmer; while his training in the fields of politics and business enabled him to bring to the task of reorganizing the policies of the Department of Agricultu\"e an experience that was of undoubted value.Availing himself of all the resources of his extensive Department, both in the way of records and in the way of men who had been trained in dealing with the problems peculiar to Quebec farming con- paragraph from an editorial that appeared in the Montreal Gazette on the day following \u2018his death, an editorial reminding us of the energetic personality of the man : \u201cThe record that Mr.Perron has left is a record of work.In all things he labored diligently and resolutely, and however big the task he attempted, he usually accomplished it.There was everything in him of the I will, and nothing of the I cannot, nor would he tolerate anything of a negative attitude on the part of those who were associated with him in his public duties and professional work.His resolute mind was never disturbed in adversity and on'y rarely did he allow himself to be ruffled by his adversaries.On those occasions he could make the current of political life stormy.With Mr.Perron, nothing was good enough which could be made better, and with one object gained, he invariably saw another before him to which he eagerly pushed on.The unconquerable perseverance that Mr.Perron constantly displayed in the public service will surely be an inspiration to future generations.\u201d Number 6 - = 82 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Ge JOURNAL 7AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSULD MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO.Limited, 33, St.James St.,, West - - Montreal NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary cf the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.+.e0+4.e4+#+04%40+%600%++%04% + .+.+.+e.On My Way HERE lies about me now a dismantled earth quictly await ng in readiness and resignation the long sleep scun to come upen it.Much there is in these late davs that tells me this, days that more often than not are claimed by winter for its beginning but are this year left to prolong the autumn and give to people the pleasure of mellow sunshine that was net expected.Many long furrows turned in close ncatness one against the other have gradually lessened the lee and stubble to thus become full fields of loamy brown, while the ploughman's urging voice and lagging team is no lonver a noticeable figure toiling herve and there upon the land.The main Post Road has quietened much; its hum and haste with summer days has died away.leaving the rather pleasant and relieving sense of meeting only the folk that we know are from somewhere near home.The fields are empty, and the trees are bare; the last brave bloom has yielded, and overhead, like waves of warriors that go ferth on some set purpose bent.the happy.honking geese go by.Perhaps from aloft their far vision espies gllmpses of that inviting land of which they have an instinetive knowledge.What privileged of carth\u2019s creatures are they that on sure strong wings of flight bear themselves away beyond the reach of.cold and snow! T envy them.I who must prepare to endure.Thus, through wavering dav: hemmed in a.morn and night by lengthening darkness, the season\u2019s way has led down from the high roai that lay warm \u2018neath the zealous sun where the need of caring too much for the body could be forgotten.But now this is again a big concern.for though \u2018n the business eof the day it might nt appear as such, it is in reality the first purposo of all endeavor.The hour that takes me from my hed is scarveely morning now.and as I po forth on the first roun | of the day it is to feel the firmness of the frozen ground beneath my feet, to see the white of hoary frost upon the earth and note the watering trough glazed over with an icy window.T am conscious of my extremities in the n'pping air, My nose and cars, fingers and toes call for protection, so mittens lone unused, heavy socks and unworn cap come again into appreciative use, and winter has begun.This burden of winter clothing is weari- some\u2014at least the proceedure of putting it on and taking it off \u2018s-\u2014nor is it helped very much by the returning thoneht of how quick and simple a matter it is on a summer morning when pants, chirt and boots suffice\u2014three minutes from bed tz barn instead of about fifteen in winter or twenty five if one waits to light the kitchen stove.it was my pleasure on one of these br'sk morn- ives to motor some si-ty miles along the north shore.We were off to Bonnie Flannigan\u2019s place, {1at gentleman's farm noted somewhat for the number of porkers it keeps but more still for the full and ready hospitality that its old-fashioned \u2018>rm house affords.This is the jumping-off spot \\ here the plunge into the woods is made at this t'me of year by many eager, hopeful huntsmen, vost of whom often enough emerge weary and ¢ -ooping at nightfall, having only the story to tell 2° the tracks they had seen which were nothing rore than false encouragement.It was the waken- \u2018vg hour across the countryside as we began our iourney, and as we progressed the increasing day brought added signs of life.Fresh smoke trailed upward from low chimneys, something moved at a window, a door opened.Were it not for these, the rasser-by might justly deem that here in these weather-stained dwellings no people made their home.I wondered to myself, as I made a mental study of what I was see\u2019ng, what were the qualities ~f which happiness consisted.Could happiness be found in any one of these strange, often shabby, uainv'tine houses, any one of which I felt sure I would not want to live in.But then I reflected that it was not the things that one possessed, nor the lack of few or many possessions, that created for the individual his peace of mind and contentment of heart.Yet I am convinced that comforts for the body must be supplied before the spirit can be at its best.I think of those fishermen who went afishing by the sea of Tiberias, and after toiling all night they had caught nothing.When the Master appeared on the shore, though he was concerned about other things, he deferred H's questioning until he had filled their nets with fishes and they had d'ned.For a very long time there have heen those that would have done something to better the lot of scattered farm people, =o I knew that the desire that arose in me to do l\u2018kewise was not a new impulse.I did not consider them unhappy, for I know from experience that they are not, perhaps because they have very little to be unhappy about.If nothing more could be done than group them together in little communities, so that collectively they could avail themselves of certain favourable advantages that are not w'thin the reach of the individual, their way of living would be greatly improved.Still there scems to be something about the nature of fields ard wocds and humble dwellings that keeps them beyond that industrial alignment that has enveloped every other business; that here in times to come as well as in t'mes past ordinary souls not fevered with the fire of ambition may undisturbed set themselves down to live perhaps just beyond the verge of want, but here to be happy.H.H.New Livestock Policies for Canada Hen.Robert Weir Enumerates Four Tvpes of Aid to be Made Available in Early Future.PIRAKING before a large gathering of agri- S cultural workers from every section of Canada, at the opening banquet of the Royal Vinter Fair in Toronto last month, the Hon.l\u2019obert Weir, Dominion Minister of Agriculture, -vt'ined a number of policies that had been form- lated.during the recent meeting of the Pro- \u201cmeat Ministers of Agriculture, for the assistance \" (radian farmers, Prefacing his remarks by ti\u201d *atement that genuine co-operation had been ©7170 'ntered on every hand during this conference, #4 that an agreement had been reached whereby \"oer\" policies for the aid of agriculture would bo administered through provincial channels, and wor» particularly through the district represent- »t ves, he stressed the importance of two things: a knowledge of market requirements in the Fght nf.new conditions, and the reduction, where nossihle, of the costs of producing farm com- medities, The latter objective, he felt, might be ot »'nel by introducing better blood into our livestock co that our animals would make more meat and more milk from a g'ven quantity of feed, by mere scientific methods of feeding and a wider nee cf balanced rations which would include our home grown grains, and by attention to marketing.With these things in mind, four, policies have veen decided upon by the Federal vernment : I.Cons'\u2018dering the difficulty experienced by the average farmer in procuring a first class sire to improve the efficiency of h's herd and the fact that there is a wastage in the present system of lsposing of these sires, where found, as soon as their usefulness in any one herd is past, the l'ederal Government will undertake to supply free of cost to any group of energetic and deserving farmers a sire of good blood, to be used for two vears and then exchanged with another group so that his period of usefulness may be prolonged.2.Because cf the present variation between the prices of pork and of coarse grains, the Minister looks for a big increase in pork production; and, while he does not wish to be understood as advising this, he feels that his department should take steps to direct it.He will therefore supply bred sows of the correct bacon type, at cost, to farmers, so that these may have the type of stock that will make the most efficient use of the vast quantities of barley and other grains now available, and wili assist, as well, with the cost of transporting these sows to their new owners.3.Horse breeding will likewise be aided\u2014with the idea of improving our farm horses in line with tractor competition.That is, an effort will be made to breed horses that walk faster, are stronger, and so on.And to help with this, the Federal Government will import two outstanding sires of each of a number of breeds and place these in the hands of the breed associations, 5 .4.Since one of the greatest wastages in livestock circles is to be found in the toll taken of poultry by parasites and diseases, and more particularly the Pollorum disease (Bacilliary white diarrhoea), Mr.Weir promised the establishment within the near future of fully-equipped laboratories where, for a: moderate sum, any farmer may have his flock blocd-tested.Hand in hand with th's will go stringent regulations with regard to the importation of chicks, in the hope that Canada may ultimately reduce to a minimum the losses from this source.Having enunciated these policies, the Minister dealt more briefly with one or two other questions of interest to agriculture.He po'nted out, for instance, that it was his purpose to investigate the conduct and results of agricultural fairs.The full educational value was not being realized, in his opinion, and this should be remcdied.To the knotty problem of domestic fre'ght rates, the Minister promised earnest consideration.The condition which made it cheaper to transport grain from Winnipeg to Denmark or the Orient than to the Maritimes or Vanccuver, demanded investigation.The loan'ng of money to farmers by institutions, he thought, was too limited to periods of prosperity and seriously curtailed during depression, which contributed a great deal to squeezing out the farmers\u2019 credit.In conclusion, the Minister asked for sincere co-operat'on of the entire farming community of Canada, especially in the submission of constructive ideas.In return he promised \u201che would place himself in a simple, Canadian farm home,\u201d to judge the national pclicies that are being enunciated and thereby ensure their soundness and their worth, The Bacon Cycle ce HE production of hogs in Canada at the present time is at the low point in the production cycle\u201d state the Live Stock Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture.Current supplies, and supplies in prospect are not more than suff'cient to meet a very active home demand.It is noted, however, that there has been very little falling off in hog production, but rather that supplies have failed to keep pace with a growing domestic consumption.There are signs at the present time that the coming year may show a substantial increase in bacon production while at the same time the re-adjustment of prices may result in the resumption of bacon exports. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 83 Quebec Captures Many Honors at Royal Licn\u2019s Chare of Dairy Cattle Championships at Canada\u2019s Largest Livesic:t Show Comes to this Province.HE ROYAL WINTER FAIR, in its nine years of life, has becom?not ony the greatest livestock show of Canada, but cne cf the greatesl in the world.To attempt to g.ve even a partia! picture of the wonderful exhikition staged at the Royal Coliseum, Toronto, last month would be a task requiring much more space than is available in this issue of The Journal.The exhibits of fruits, vegetables, grains, flowers, pouitry and fur-bear- ing animals\u2014quite apart from the farm livestock which, of course, is the main feature of the \u201cRoyal \u2014would each merit an art'cle for itself.As Mr.S.J.Chagnon, Chief of the Live Stock Branch for Quebec, said, in toasting the \u201cRoyal\u201d at the Royal Winter Fair banquet, \u201cThe \u2018Royal\u2019 has come to be onc of our greatest educational institutions.To the visitor, it offers an unparalleled opportunity to visua.ize the agricultural wealth of Canada; to the showman, it provides an incentive to improve his stock by shcwing him what is possible of attainment and that advantage is taken of this is evident from the improvement shown in the exhibits from vear to year.Further.the \u2018Royal\u2019, serving as it does as a meetiny place for hundreds of our foremost agricultura: werk- ers, is one of the best unifying influences that we have in this country.\u201d Officially opened this year by Sir Reber.Borden, the show provided something of intere-.for everyone.To the many visitors from Quebe«- the various competitive features were of especl interest in that th's province took a gratifyin« share of the awards.In the boys\u2019 and girls\u2019 stock judging contest, the Quebec team was second.In the judging contest open to students at agricultura colleges, a team from Macdonald College, whi'- standing third in the aggregate (28 points below the first in a total of 5,000 points), had \u201chigh man\u201d in dairy cattle judging in the person of N.H.Beach, who won not only the gold medal but al: » the Stonehouse Trophy for his work in dar cattle, and likewise \u2018high man\u201d in swine judgin- in the person of J.C.Stothart, another gold medal winner.Of even greater general interest, however, wa the splendid showing made by Quebec livestock.i: the classes for French Canadian horses and French Canadian cattle this province took practically a\u2019.the awards, while in Jerseys the herd of C.G.Edwards, of Hillhurst, won a number of pr ze: for the province.But it was in the showing mad: by Quebec in the Ayrshire and Holstein classes.where the competition was continent-wide, tha.the most outstanding wins were achieved.Thre» out of four of the Ayrshire championships came to Quebec, and two out of four of the Holstein championships.Even to enumerate the many m'nox triumphs of Quebec breeders in these classes wher: competition was so strong (By The Editor) dreuil, led a very large number of individual classes and had junior champion female in Nether- land Queen Pluto; while Mount Victoria Farms, Hudson Heights, had senior and grand champion female in Triune Papcose Piebe.The awards in the various classes Quebec was mainly interested follow : AYRSHIRES (Judge: John Cochrane, Bernardsville, N.J.) Bull, Junior Calf (11) 1, 7.R.R.Ness & Sons, Howick, Que., on Burns de Nethertog and Burnside Dale Excelsior; 2.W.H.Coverdale, Portsmouth, on Le Moines Point Dairy Boy; 3, 4.Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, on Glen Campbell Dark Diamond and Gien Campbell Perfect Piece; à.Gi.bzrt McMillan, Huntingdon, Que., on Spr.ng- burn Airman; 6, 9, McIntyre Bros., Sussex, N.B., on Springbrook Peter and Springbrook Statesman; 8.Alberta Dept.of Agriculture on Rosalies Prince John 8th.Bull, Senior Calf \u2018(17) 1, 6, Waldo W.Skinner, Sennev.lle, Que., on Bois de la Roche Radiance and Bois de la Roche Radiant; 2.Andrew Bennie, Howick, Que., on Netherhall Satisfaction; 3.Cumming Bros., Lancaster, on Glengarry Julias Oliver; 4.Gilbert McMillan on Grennan Ambassador; 5.Credholme Farm, Streetsville, on Credholme Little Pal; 7, W.H.Coverdale on Le Moines Point Menolons; 8, 9.R.R.Ness & Sons on Dalfibble Admiral Beatty and Burnside H gh Degree; 19.Harry McGee, Islington, on Harnelbel Carl King; 11.Glen Campbell Farms on Ardgowan Grand Turk Imp.Bull, Junior Yearling (6) 1.John W.Logan & Son, Howick, Que., on Hobsland Elegance; 2.R.R.Ness & Sons on Burnside Lucky Boy; 3, 4, 5.G'en Campbell Farms on Glen Campbell Dynamic, Auchenbrain Chuddy (Imp) and Thornhill Gay Day (Imp).Bull, Senior Yearling (4) 1.Glen Campbell Farms on Auchenbrain Golden Morn (Imp); 2.Frank Manson, Como, Que., on Laigh Turbeg Lodestone; 3.Harry McGee on Harnelbel Reliance; 1.Credhclme Farm on Credholme High Grade.Bull, 2 years and under 3 5) 1, W.H.Cover- dale on Springbrook Ring \u2018Master; 2, Gen Campbell Farms on \u2018Glen (Campbell Perfect Peter; 3, S:hoo! of Agricu'ture, Claresholme, Alta., on South Cra'g Prince John Imp.; 4, A.R.Cabana, S:.Cuthbert, Que., on Glen Campbell Memory Lad; 5, McIntyre Bros.on Hobsland Souvenir Imp.Bull, 3 years and under 4 (3) 1, Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, Ont.on Howies Elegance Imp.; 2, Azellus Lavallee, Berthierville, Que, on Moss- gu'd Enteror'se Im».; 3, MeIntyr: Bros.Sussex.N.B.on Hobsland Merry Monar:h Fr».in which Bull, 4 years and over (6) 1, Credholme Farm, Streetsville, Ont.on Syke Stamp Imp.; 2, J.H.Black, Lachute, Que.on Dunlop Reflection Imp.; 3, R.R.Ness & Sons, Howick, Que.on Howies Top Grade; 4, Harry McGee, Islington, Ont.on Overton Calamity; 5, Waldo W.Skinner, Senne- ville, Que.on Lessnessock Replica; 6, George Johnson, Coldbrook, N.B.on Alta Crest Blackstone.SENIOR CHAMPION BULL\u2014Credholme Farm, Streetsville, Ont.on Syke Stamp Imp.RESERVE: J.H.Black, Lachute, Que.on Dun- lep Reflection Imp.JUNIOR CHAMPION BULL\u2014Waldo W.Skinner, Senneville, Que.on Bois de la Roche Radiance; RESERVE\u2014Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, Ont.on Auchenbrain Golden Morn Imp.GRAND CHAMPION BULL\u2014Credho'me Farms, Streztsville, Ont.on Syke Stamp Imp.RESERVE: J.H.Black, Lachute, Que.on Dunlop Reflection Imp.Cow, 5 years or over, in milk (13) 1.9.Gilbart McMillan, Huntingdon, Que., on Harleyholm Butterfly 3rd and Fairview Gilberta; 2 and T.Harry McGee, Islington, on Plunton Chatty 27th and Lady Clover of Spruce Row; 3, 5, 6.Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, on Springburn Lady Beauty 2nd, Drum Senorita Imp.and Kirkeud- bright Mabel 3rd; 4, 12.Credholme Farm, Streets- ville, on Nether Craig Sunray and Norma; &.Waldo W.Skinner, Sennev'lle, Que., on Kirkhead- bright Marjory 5th; 10.R.R.Ness & Sons, Howick, Que., on Nether Craig Brownie; 11.Gecrge Johnson, Coldbrook, N.B., on Cairncroft Delphine.Cow, 4 years and under 5, in mi'k (11) 1.Edgar C.Budge, Montreal, Que., on Thorncroft Star Snowdrop 2nd 2.H.A.Swart, Simcoe, on Fair- view Mignonette; 3.Harry McGee, Islington, on Ickham Belle 2nd; 4.Credholme Farm, Streets- ville, on Barr June Imp; 5.J.H.Black, Lachute, Que., cn Harleyholm Swell 2nd; 6.John H.Baker, East Aurora, U.S.A., on Syke Phyllis 3rd Imp; 7.McIntyre Bros.Sussex, N.B.on Springbrook Lady Duly 2nd; 8.J.Stuart Laurie, Agincourt, on Gleddon Hill Snow 2nd.Cow, 3 yrs, and under 4 \u2018n milk (10) 1, John H.Baker, East Aurora, N.Y., on Strathglass Lustre Lady; 2, J.E.Black, on South Craig Princess Royal; 3 and 4.H.A.Swart on Auchen- brain Bunty 58th and Alta Crest Sun Fairy; 5.W.H.Coverdale, Portsmouth, on Netherhall Lucy; 6.Credholme Farm on Netherhall Bess 5th; 7.Gilbert McMillan on Cornell Whitelegs; 8.Harry McGee on Killoch White Alice; 3rd Imp.9.Me- Intyre Bros.on Hobsland Lucy 6th Imp.Heifér, 2 years and under 3, in milk (20) 1.R.R.Ness & Sons, on Burnside Perfect Lady, 2, John W.Logan & Son, as to make a win nationally important, would require too much space: a perusal of the list of awards, class by class, which will bz found appended to this report, will tell the story in greater detail.In Ayrshires, premie\u201d honors were won for Quebec by: Waldo W.Skinner, Senneville, whos\", herd was awarded firs: place, indicating th\" worth of the individua: animals making it up.while his Bois de la Roche Ragdiance was junior champion \u2018bull; Gilbert MacMillan, Huntingdon.whose Harelyholm Butterfly 3rd was senior and grand champion female: and C.J.Miller, Lachute, whose Springlea Mar'a was junior champion female.\"In Holsteins, two Quebec herds kept the province well to the fore: Raymondale Farm, Vau- Abberkerk Sylvius Lad, Grand Champion Holstein Bull at \u2018\u201c\u2019The Howick, Que., on Hobsland Fanny 13th; 3.Glen Campbell Farms on Glen Campbell Snowmaid; 4.Waldo W.Skinner on Glen Bertha; 5.Glen Campbell I'arms, Dundas, Ont., on Laigh Tarbeg Florence \u201cImp.); 6.J.Stuart Laurie, Agincourt, Ont., en Ivanhoe Lovely Dew; 7, H.A.Swart, on Cor- tachy Martha 2nd; 8, J.H.Black, Lachute, Que., on Threaves Dot (Imp); 9, Edgar CC.Budge, Montreal.Que., on Thorncroft Star Beulah 2nd; 19, John H.Baker, on Strathglass Lady Lustre; 11, W.H.Coverdale, Portsmouth, Ont., on Netherhall Kit.Cow, 6 yrs.or over having an official record begun at 4 yrs.or over (14) 1, 3 and 10, Gilbert Mec- Millan, Huntingdon, Que.on Harleyholm Butterfly did, Ravensdale Stella, and Fairview Gilberta; 2, % % Royal\u201d, owned by P.J.McCarthy, Sussex, N.B.(Continued on page V) 84 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE FORMULAE FOR MEAL MIXTURES Proposed and Recommended by the Quebec Provincial Feed Board It is commonly considered that the cost of feed amounts to about one- half the total cost of keeping farm animals.On many farms, cost of feed represents very close to the total cash outlay connected with the stock.That it is important that every dollar spent for feed be wisely used is obvious, This, however, does not mean that feeds quoted the lowest on the market are always the most economical for feeding purposes.In fact such is seldom the case.To choose wisely from the list requires not only a working knowledge of the values of the feedstuffs in question but also an appreciation of their composition.This information is seldom \u201cstock in trade\u201d of the farmer-feeder.The following meal mixtures, together with the suggestions as to their use, represent an attempt to answer in a measure, two of the feeder\u2019s questions: \u201cWhat feeds shall I buy?\u201d and \u201cHow shall 1 use them?taking into careful consideration the nutritional needs of the animals, the peculiarities and feeding values of the usually available feedstuffs and the several requrements of satisfactory meal mixtures.AMOUNTS TO FEED The question of amounts of feed which should be allowed daily for the best results with given animals is always important.The closeness with which the day\u2019s feed meets the requirements of the animal to which it is fed depends as much upon the quantity as on the kind of feed used.Here we meet wide variations between individual animals.One horse of a team may be an \u201ceasy keeper\u201d and his mate just the opposite.These variations can be learned only by attention to the peculiar reeds of each animal individually.For general use, however, there are a few thumb rules which may be used as guides, and from which the necessary adjustments for individuals may be made.THUMB RULES FOR FEEDING (L.W.D.\u2014live weight daily) Dairy cattle.(1) Of dried roughage, feed 2 pounds per 100 pounds L.W.D.; (2) Where silage is used, feed 1 pound dried roughage and 3 pounds of silage per 100 pounds L.W.D.(3) Of concentrate, feed allow 7 pounds daily for each pound of butterfat produced by the cow per day.(1) Of concentrate, feed allow 1 pound daily for each 3-4 pounds of milk produced per day.Calves, under one year.(1) Feed 1 pound of meal for the first 100 pounds of live weight of the calf and % pound for each additional 100 pounds weight.Growing, faltening hogs.(1) Feed, daily, % pound of meal or its equivalent for each week the pig is old.(2) Feed, daily, a weight of meal approximately equal to 49 of the pig's body weight.(3) Feed what the pigs will clean up in 15 minutes after each feeding.Draft horses.(1) Of roughage, feed from 1 to 1% pounds per 160 pounds L.W.D.(2) Of grain, feed from 1 to 1% pounds per 100 pounds L.W.D.(The smaller allowance of roughage and the larger one of meal for horses at heavy work, and visa versa for those doing light work.) MEAL EQUIVALENTS IN HOG FEEDING For purposes of substitution, the following may be considered as equivalent to one pound of a suitable pig meal : 12 lbs.whey ÿ \u2018\u201c roots 6 \u201c skim or buttermilk 4 \u201c heavy garbage When skim or buttermilk are used as sources of protein instead of oil- meal or tankage, the following equivalents may be used.9 lbs.skim or buttermilk equal to 1 lb.oilmeal, or 15 ce \u201c \u201c \u201c \u201c (TS 1 \u201c tankage.Use meal mixtures carrying protein as follows for pigs: Newly weaned pigs.209% \u2014249% protein Pigs weighing 50 to 125 Ibs.14%\u201418% \u201c« Pigs weighing over 125 lbs.12¢,\u201414% ¢ Mature breeding stock.Ce en 10% \u201c Nursing sows.16% \u201c Use the higher protein mixtures for the smaller pigs.Q.F.B.18% DAIRY CATTLE MIXTURE This mixture is suggested for cows in milk, where their feed other than meal consists of Clover hay plus silage or roots or, Mixed hay, mostly clover or, Good pasture.The mixture and its calculated analysis : 250 lbs.gr.barley Dig.crude protein 15.26, 250 \u201c gr.oats total dig.nutrients 70.79 200 \u201c wheat bran 270 \u201c linseed oilmeal min.crude protein 18.% 10 \u201c \u2018bone meal min.crude fat 4.% 10 \u201c gr.limestone max.crude fibre 9.% 10 \u201c salt Substitutions which may be made in this mixture without seriously affecting its feeding value : For 250 lbs.barley : 250 lbs.of corn, wheat, hominy feed; or any combination of the four.(In general a comb'nation of two or more is preferable to any one singly).200 lbs, alfalfa meal or combination of alfalfa meal and bran.500 lbs.of any combination of barley, oats, corn, wheat or hominy feed in which there is not less than 100 Ibs.each of at least three of the above feeds.75 lbs.molasses plus 25 lbs.linseed cilmeal.For 200 lbs.bran : For 250 Ibs.barley plus 250 lbs.oats: For 100 lbs.barley, corn, wheat or oats: For 270 lbs.oilmeal : (1) 150 lbs, oilmeal plus 60 lbs.gluten feed, or distillers\u2019 grains plus \u20ac0 lbs.cottonseed meal.12) 135 1bs.cottonseed meal plus 185 ibs.of gluten feed, or distillers\u2019 grains, (3) 270 lbs.of any combination of oilmeal and cottonseed meal, not less than one-fourth oil- meal.Q.F.B.229% DAIRY CATTLE MIXTURE This mixture is suggested for cows in milk where their feed other than meal consists of : Mixed hay with or without silage or roots or, Poor pasture.The mixture and its calculated analysis : 200 lbs.gr.barley dig.crude protein 18.5% 200 \u201c gr.oats total dig.nutrients 71.0% 200 \u2018\u201c wheat bran : 200 \u201c linseed oilmeal min.crude protein 22.% 170 cottonseed meal min.crude fat 4.% 10 \u201c bone meal max.crude fibre 9.% 10 \u201c gr.limestone 10 \u2018\u201c salt Substitution- which may be made in this mixture without seriously affecting its feeding value : For 200 lbs.barley : 200 lbs.of corn, wheat, hominy feed; or any combination of the four.(In general a combination of two or more is preferable to any one singly).200 lbs.alfalfa meal or combination of alfalfa meal and bran.409 tbs.of any combination of barley, oats, rice feed, corn, wheat, hominy feed in which there is not less than 75 lbs.each of at least three of the above feeds.75 lbs.molasses plus 25 Ibs.linseed oilmeal.For 200 lbs.bran: For 200 lbs.barley plus 200 lbs.oats : For 100 lbs.barley corn wheat or oats: For 200 lbs.oilmeal : 1C0 Ibs.oilmeal plus 50 lbs.cottonseed meal plus 50 lbs.gluten feed distillers\u2019 grains or brewers\u2019 grains (25% protein).100 lbs.of oilmeal and 35 lbs.each of cottonseed meal and fish meal.: Q.F.B.249% DAIRY CATTLE MIXTURE This mixture is suggested for cows in milk where their feed other than moal consists of : Timothy hay with or without silage or, Mixed grass hay with or without silage.The mixture and its caleulated analysis : For 170 lbs.cottonseed feed meal : 200 lbs.gr.barley dig.crude prote\u2018n 20.29% 170 \u201c gr.oats total dig.nutrients 73.2% 100 \u201c wheat bran 100 \u201c gluten feed | min, crude protein 24.% 200 \u201c linseed oilmeal min.crude fat 4.% 200 \u201c cottonseed meal max.crude fibre 9.% 10 \u201c bone meal 10 \u201c gr.limestone 10 \u201c salt S-bstitut\u2019ons which may be made in this mixture without seriously affecting its feeding value : For 200 lbs.barley : 200 lbs.of corn, wheat, hominy feed; or any combination of the four.(In general a combination of two or more is preferable to any one singly.) 100 lbs.alfalfa meal or combination of alfalfa meal and bran.370 lbs.of any combination of barley, oats, rice feed, corn, wheat, or hom\u2018ny feed in which there is not jess than 50 lbs.each of at least three of the above eeds.75 lbs.molasses plus 25 lbs.linseed oilmeal.For 100 lbs.bran : For 200 lbs.barley plus 170 lbs.oats : For 100 Ibs.barley, corn, wheat or oats: For 100 lbs.gluten feed: 100 lbs.of brewers\u2019 grains (25% protein) or distillers\u2019 grains; or any combination of the three.100 Ibs.oilmeal plus 50 lbs.cottonseed meal plus 50 lbs.gluten feed, distillers\u2019 grains or brewers\u2019 grains (25% protein).For 200 lbs.cottonseed 100 lbs.oilmeal plus 50 lbs.each of cottonseed meal meal : and 50 bs.of fish meal.Q.F.B.PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR DAIRY CATTLE _ This mixture is suggested as a substitute for other protein feeds in the da\u2018ry cow ration, as oilmeal, cottonseed meal, gluten feed, or distillers\u2019 grains, it is not to be fed alone.The mixture and its calculated analysis : For 200 lbs.oilmeal : 250 lbs.linseed oilmeal dig.crude protein 30.6 % 250 \u201c cottonseed meal (choice) |total dig.nutrients 70.3% 140 \u201c gluten feed 100 \u201c soybean meal min, crude protein 34.% 100 \u201c fish meal min.crude fat 6 % 100 \u201c wheat bran max.crude fibre 7.% 20 \u201c bone meal 20 \u201c gr.limestone 20 \u201c fine salt Substitutions which may be made in this mixture without seriously affecting its feeding value : ; For 140 Ibs.gluten feed : 140 lbs.distillers\u2019 grains (not less than 25% protein).For 100 lbs.soybean meal : Feeding suggestions : 100 lbs.distillers grains or of oilmeal.The above supplementary protein mixture in addition to its protein content, which is approximately the same as found in oilmeal, supplies a wide variety of feeds and a liberal quantity of minerals.These features make it more satisfactory for use in balancing farm grown grains than any single protein feed.Its use is suggested as follows : Le \u2014\u2014 wea \u2014 \"mn\" =.\u2014\u2014\u2014 tt\u201d aT me +n 7 Vo ee + \u2014 cs = THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 85 To make a ration similar in feed-) Use 4 parts Dairy Protein Supple- ing value to Q.F.B.249% Dairy ment plus 5 parts of farm grown Mixture J grains.To make a ration similar in feed- | Use 3 parts Dairy Protein Supplement ing value to Q.F.B.22% Dairy ; plus 5 parts farm grown grains.Mixture To make a ration similar in feed- Use 2 parts Dairy Protein Supplement ing value to Q.F.B.18% Dairy plus 7 parts farm grown grains.Mixture f Q.F.B.CALF MEAL This mixture is intended for use for young calves under six months of age.; The mixture and its calculated analysis : 300 lbs.oat groats dig.crude protein 21.9% 100 wheat bran | total dig.nutrients 75.% 250 \u201c wheat middlings 100 \u201c linseed oilmeal min.crude protein 25.% 50 \u201c blood meal min.crude fat 5.% 120 \u201c skimmilk powder max.crude fibre 4.% 50 \u201c fish meal 10 \u201c salt 10 \u201c bone flour 10 \u201c calcium carbonate Substitutions which may be made in this mixture without seriously affecting its feeding value : For 300 lbs.oat groats : 300 lbs.hominy feed, ground corn or ground oats from which the hulls have been s'fted out or a combination of any two or more of them.100 bs.alfalfa meal or combination of alfalfa meal and bran.Q.F.B.PROTEIN SUPPLEMENT FOR HOGS This mixture is suggested as a substitute for all other protein feeds in the hog ration, such as tankage, fish meal, or dairy by-products.It also carries the minerals required for a properly balanced ration.It is not to be fed alone.For 100 lbs.bran : It is recommended for use as follows : FOR WEANLING PIGS : Protein Supplementary Mixture 300 lbs., wheat middlings 350 lbs., ground corn 350 lbs.Ground oats from which the hulls have been sifted may replace the corn in the above mixture if so desired.This mixture is fed for approximately one month after weaning.GROWING PIGS; NURSING SOWS; BREEDING STOCK DURING BREEDING SEASON : Protein Supplementary Mixture 200 lbs., basal feeds 800 lbs., which may consist of combinations of corn, barley, oats, shorts or similar feeds.FATTENING MARKET PIGS : Protein Supplementary Mixture 100 lbs.basal feeds 900 lbs., which may consist of combinations of any of the cereal grains or other by-products suitable for this class of stock.PRECAUTIONS : Newly weaned pigs should be put on this feed very slowly.The plan of putting the nursing sow on the Weanling Pig Mixture for about a week previous to weaning has been found to be one of the most satisfactory ways of accustoming the young pigs to their new feed gradually.The amount of feed which they steal from the sow\u2019s trough is not much at first, and by the time weaning is done, they are pretty well accustomed to the new ration.Q.F.B.BASIC FEED MIXTURE This mixture is simply a combination of three of the common cereal grains, making a product suitable for use in the rations of any class of stock other than weanling pigs and young calves.It will replace in full or in part the supply of home grown grains and because of the variety which it provides, will usually be preferred to any of the cereal grains singly.The mixture and its calculated analysis : 100 lbs.ground barley dig.crude protein 9.5% 100 \u201c ground oats total dig.nutrient T6.% 100 \u201c ground wheat min, crude protein 14.% min, crude fat 3.% max.crude fibre 10.9% Feeding suggestions : \u2018This mixture is not intended to be fed as it comes.It is not alone a balanced ration.It is a substitute for such feeds as corn, hominy, barley, wheat, oats or screenings.It requires the addition of some high protein feeds The mixture and its calculated analysis : to make a proper ration.The following table suggests the use of this mixture : 400 1bs.tankage (609% protein) dig.crude protein 40.0% 200 \u201c fish meal total dig.nutrients 56.0 % 200 \u201c linseed oilmeal 100 \u201c feed bone mea min, crude protein 43.% 76 \u201c gr.limestone min, crude fat 6.% FOR HOG RATIONS : 20 \u201c fine salt | max.crude fibre 5.% 4 \u201c ferric oxide Feeding suggestions : The above protein supplementary mixture was developed at Macdonald College, where it has been used since 1929 as a substitute for dairy by-pro- ducts or other protein feeds.3 to 5 months old.FOR DAIRY CATTLE RATIONS : 4 parts Basic Feed plus 1 part oilmeal for cows fed clover hay; 3 parts Basic Feed plus 1 part oilmeal for cows fed mixed hay.4 parts Basic Feed plus 1 part Q.F.B.Hog Supplemental Feed for pigs 9 parts Basic Feed plus 1 part Q.F.B.Hog Supplemental Feed for fattening hogs.FOR BEEF STEERS OR SHEEP : 6 parts Basic Feed plus 1 part oilmeal for fattening cattle or lambs.CUTTING PRODUCTION COSTS IV.Revising the Farm Programme By D».J.E.Lattimer, Prof.of Agricultural Economics, Macdonald College.A HE recent decline in prices of farm products has been very irregular.Changes in prices, either in an upward or downward direction, are generally lacking in uniformity.This fact is rather a difficult one to explain by those who contend that the world in general and agriculture in particular now suffers from general overproduction.\u2018General overproduction is a condition which history has not so far revealed.We may approach such a condition at the present time more nearly than at any previous period.Yet there are a few commodities which, judging by their price in the market at the present time, furnish no evidence of overproduction.If and when we reach a condition of general overproduction, then it should not be difficult to ease up somewhat in our striving and shorten hours of labour generally to relieve the situation.Fortunately or unfortunately, however, there appears yet to be a sufficient number of wants still ungratified to furnish sufficient stimulus for increased effort.The apparent position, as reflected in present prices, is that we have a surplus of some goods in proportion to the amount of other things on hand.It is unbalanced production, rather than general overproduction, which is the difficulty.If this be granted, then the present is a period when some FARMERS\u2019 CLUBS IMPORTANT NOTICE The officials of farmers\u2019 clubs are requested to bear in mind the fact that the date fixed by the law for the election of directors is the third Tuesday of January.The notice for the calling of the annual meeting should mention that date: \u201cThird Tuesday of January.\u201d OSCAR LESSARD, Secretary, Council of Agriculture.revision of the farm programme should be made.In the first article in the series on cutting costs of production, it was pointed out that revision of the farm programme may be more necessary under conditions such as at present prevail than during more normal times.This is the point we propose now to deal with.PRESENT PRACTICES In order to discuss the possibility of revising a programme of production, it is essential to examine closely present conditions.While we may be fairly familiar with the present practice in a general way, a closer study requires more detailed information.The information set forth in the monthly bulletin of agricultural statistics furnishes the information: necessary for a more detailed study.We find the following table setting forth the acres, yield and value of crops for the past five years very interesting: QUEBEC:* Field Crops Five Year Average 1924-1928 Acreage Yield Price Value per acre Hay 4,162,000 1.51 tons 10.22 per ton $15.43 Oats 1,815,600 27.1 bu.0.67 per bu.18.16 Potatoes 160,000 87.1 cwt 1.50 per cwt.130.65 Buckwheat 157,600 23.2 bu 1.03 per bu.23.90 Barley 125,000 23.6 \u201c 1.04 «\u201c « 24.54 Mixed grain 115,200 26.6 hd 0.91 «