The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 juin 1928, vendredi 1 juin 1928

[" Be JOURNAL of AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Volume 31 June Ist 1928 Number 12 The Chateau Frontenac, which will be the headquarters for the conventions of the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists and the Canadian Seed Growers Association to be held in Quebec in June, is one of the most beautifully situated and perfectly appointed hostelries in the world.Built upon the foundations of the historical St.Louis castle, residence of the French and English Governors from 1620 to 1834, the Chateau commands a magnificent view of the St.Lawrence River, of Quebec City and of the country round about\u2014a view that has been admired by scores of thousands of tourists who have visited this the most interesting city on the continent.PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.EFS il i + à \u2018A 5 ty 3 sd me ET EE Cie ros Ty nk Bh na Kn Ne pear SAE Le Te AR aft EH ve mag Agé Sani Se SE rE nti pvp a sas IT THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE Clear Vision in Every BODY b&y FISHER CHEVROLET + PONTIAC + OLDSMOBIL\": +: OAKLAND + McLAUGHLIN-BUICK + LASALLE + CADILLAC VHEN you sit behind the steering wheel of a car with Body by Fisher, note how unobstructed is the view in front and to both sides.\u2014 Two features combined to create this greater safety and greater enjoyment in motoring.\u2014One is the Fisher Vision and Ventilating Windshield which affords vision through a single pane of plate glass, without metal or rubber strips to interfere with the clear view.\u2014 The other feature which makes Fisher- equipped cars safer and more pleasant to drive is the use of narrow front pillars of unusual strength, which eliminate the \u201cblind spot\u201d in driving.7 7 7 7 7 7 The VV Windshield\u2014This remarkable contri Plate Glass\u2014Crystal plate\u2014or thick win- bution of Fisher to greater motor car satisfaction dow glass\u2014is never used in Fisher Bodies.not only assures perfect ventilation and complete The diamond-like polish of the genuine plate weather protection\u2014it is also safer and more con glass used in every Body by Fisher affords venient because it may be raised or lowered ver- perfect clarity of vision\u2014another highly de- tically with one hand while the car is in motion.sirable safety feature of every Body by Fisher.GENERAL MOTORS OF C ANADA, LIMITED FREE Superb cutlery set given away free with TEA and COFFEE COLOMBO Green, Black and Japan On sale cverywhere.Ask for it to your dealer.GLOBE TEA CO.309 Notre Dame St.West, Montreal Beware imitations.SOUFFLERINE A guaranteed cure for HORSE HEAVES, COLD, BROKEN WIND.Certificates in our hands prove the real merit of \u201cSOUFFLERINE\"\u201d.Don't delay to learn about 0 4 write at once.5 Ib-box $4.80, 10 lb.$9.00 Sent by mail C.O.D.MAINLAPBERT, P.O.Box 1597, Montreal.$$$5$5S$S NOW Farmers, Dairymen, Bakers, Merchants and others, are making extra money by shipping us all Kinds of used empty bags.YOU CAN DO THE SAME Write us now and we will send you full particulars and shipping tags.We pay the freight and also highest prices, SENDEL & GORDON 25 Duke St, Montreal, Que.A A A A $ $$ 55 En ARCO MOTOR OL 2 E $| Best for low and |# $| Motors.a Ë CANADIAN OIL |Ë $ |COMPANIES, LIMITED.|§ \u20ac ° WHITE ROSE GASOLINE oi o pe 8 hit) \u2014 Ores 5) SE LM D : Costs less per mile 4 \u20140\u2026 m\u2014\u2014 Has Never Been Beaten In Open Contest In purchasing a cream separator there are three essential things you are interested in.First, Close Skimming; Second, Ease of Operation; Third, Durability.In each and all of these things Lacta excels.It has proved it beyond question during the past 18 years and we are willing to back up these claims by letting you prove it for yourself.Soon Pays For Itself Lacta will soon pay for itself with the EXTRA cream it saves because of its superior mechanical features and the time, trouble and labor it saves because of its easy operation and accessibility.The mechanical excellence of Lacta Separators 1s recognized by separator engineers the world over.It is daily proving its superiority on the farms of thousands of users.Write For Free Catalog Before you buy a cream separator, write [or our free catalog which tells all about the famous Lacta.This catalog will show you undis- ._ Putable facts that will convince you why it is to your decided advantage to buyaLacta.ThereisarightsizeLactaat the right price for any size herd, Frost & Wood, Quebec, Limited, Montreal, Que., Quebec, Que.BONDS Municipal, School, Mortgage, Industrial.STOCK EXCHANGE OPERATIONS GEOFFRION & CO.Investment Securities Members Montreal Stock Exchange Members Montreal Curb Market 101, Notre-Dame Street West Tel.Main 3268 Men and Women! How Much Weight Do You Want to Gain in 30 Days ?One Very Thin Man Gained 28 Pounds in Eight Weeks Tens of thousands of exceedingly thin, yes, scrawny men and women have taken McCoy's Cod Liver Extract Tablets and put on pounds of good firm flesh.Not only will McCoy's increase weight, but taken regularly will cause frail, rundown men and women to grow stronger and more energetic.If the millions of skinny, scrawny men and women in Canada will start today and put their faith in McCoy\u2019s increased weight, health and attractiveness may be theirs, So why not start today ?Why not fill out those deep hollows in neck, -heeks, and chest ?Why go on through life with sunken cheeks and narrow chest when you can take advantage of this straight forward offer.McCoy takes all the risk\u2014Read this ironclad guarantee.If after taking 4 sixty cent boxes of McCoy Cod Liver Extract Tablets or 2 one dollar boxes any thin, underweight man or woman doesn\u2019t gain at least 5 pounds and feel completely satisfied with the marked improvement in health\u2014any druggist is authorized to return the purchase price.\u201cThis freedom\u201d for a few cents a day! Freedom from the unending drudgery of pumping and lugging water\u2014freedom from unsanitary conditions \u2014 from frozen pumps\u2014what a relief! And how cheaply and easily you can have it! The new Fairbanks-Morse Home Water System gives abundant fresh water where and when you want it at the turn of a tap.It only stands 21\u201d high in its beautiful blue lacquered container.It is automatic and guaranteed \u2014 and it is surprisingly cheap to buy, to install and to operate.Write for free booklet telling all about it.able, We also make an Engine- driven System for service where electricity is not avail- Fairbanks-Morse COMPANY Limited St.John Quebec Montreal Ottawa Toronto Windsor Winnipeg Regina Calgary Vancouver Victoria \u201cAsk Your Whippet-Ownin Neighbors .they'll Lack up these statements\u201d offered you in the Whippet, ask any number of Whippet owners in your neighborhood what they found when they compared Whippet\u2019s features with those offered by other light cars.Te realize fully, how much greater value is When you buy a Whippet, you buy a car which has stood the test of millions of miles of driving in the hands ofowners\u2014a car with such features asa drilled crankshaft for full force-feed lubrication, and a silent timing chain asused on the finest custom cars.A car with the only light-car power plant which actually doubles its rated horse-power.Gas tank at rear .Big 4-wheel brakes.Balloon tires and snubbers .Long semi-elliptic springs with all leaves of chrome vanadium steel.The Whippet holds the A.A.A.Coast-to-Coast Economy Record with an average of 43.28 miles to agallon of gasoline.No other car has ever given such a demonstration of economy.It holds, also, many speed, second-gear, hill-climbing and other records.Until you, yourself, sit at the wheel of the Whippet, and put it through its paces, you can never truly appreciate its liveliness, its pick-up, its speed and smoothness, its comfort and its easy handling.See your nearest dealer to-day.Touring $595, Coach $695, Sedan $760, f.o.b.Factory, Toronto.Taxes extra.Willys-Overland Sales Co., Limited, Toronto, Ont.Branches: Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg.SL fas he .pare fain PE ERA Wt ovdossn SE TAS Dit SES rd a ES BY HA ke ere PE mi : Undilut-d\u2014Unblended \u2014Rich in Vitamins and Mineral Salts\u2014 Preserves the delicious flavor of the famous Barbados Sugar Cane.Pure Healthful Delicious GOOD GROCERS mare Why lose 109, to 157% of your wool by old-fashioned shearing methods.The new Stewart ball-bearing shearing machine will save you time and labor and give you 10% more wool year after year, from the same number of sheep.Every pound of wool is real money.Every pound left on the sheep is real money\u2014 thrown away.SHEAR BY MACHINE Stewart Shearing Machine leaves no wasteful ridges\u2014shears evenly all over\u2014all long staple wool, brings top prices.Injures sheep much less than hand blades.Saves shearers\u2019 wages.STEWART No.9 Hand- operated Shearing Machine at dealer's $26.00, Western Canada $27.00, or send factory $2.00 and pay balance on arrival.Satisfaction or maney hack.Complete illustrated entalogue of Hand, Electric and Engine driven elipping and shearing machines sent on recnest.We do expert sharpening of all kinds of combs and cutters.Flexible Shaft Co.Limited I'actory and Office: 353 CARLAW AVE.TORONTO 8 DON'T CUT OUT A Shoe Boil, Capped Hock or Bursitis \u2018FOR ABSORBINE TPADE MARK REG.U.S.PAT.OFF.will reduce them \u2018and leave no blemishes: Stops lameness promptly.Does not blister of remove the hair, and horse can be worked.$2.50abottle delivered.Book 6 R free.ABSORBINE, JR., for mankind, the antiseptic liniment for Boils, Bruises, Sores, Swellings, Varicose Veine Allays Pain and Inflammation.Price $1.25 a bottle at drygs gists or delivered.Will tell you more if you write, W.F.YOUNG, Ine., 134 Lymans Bldg., Montreal, Cane Absorbine and Absorblme.Jr., are made In Canada, IMPORT YOUR DUTCH BULBS DIRECT TULIPS.HYACINTHS, NARCISSI, LILIES, PEONIES, ete.Catalogue and booklet on bulb growing on request, also U.S.edition for your American friends.: Hundreds of placed customers in Quebec and the Maritimes.8.B., McCREADY, 430-U Brunswick Ave, Toronto 4 BE gL en TE \u201c3 YEARS OF BUSY THRESHING\u201d bou eme es reste ven asie Li sta ere on em te es \u201cThree years of real busy threshing\u2014giving the very best ser= vice in all kinds of weather\u2014not a chip off it\u2014just as good as the day I got it\u2014that\u2019s the record of my Klingtite Belt \u2019\u2014Wil- liam Wallace, Beaverton, Ont.ANY farm power duty, any season of the year\u2014the Goodyear Klingtite Belt is ready to do its best.It is moisture-proof; does not stiffen in the cold; will not shrink, and is subject to a minimum of stretch.Its friction surface holds the pulleys in a slipless grip, delivering full power, running with an easy, loose-hung action which is easy on the engine bearings and eliminates engine re-set- ting.Goodyear Belts are made in endless type for engine drives and in cut lengths for lighter drives.They are sold by Goodyear Farm Service Stations.Goodyear means Good Wear MADE AIN CANADA BELTS } ACIDE, cp, - ei @ UE RENE ane à ; i : i 1 TORTURED FOR .\u2018 SIX MONTHS Maritime Man Completely Relieved of Kidney Trouble by Gin Pills When kidneys are inflamed or clogged life becomes a misery, as Mr.W.McArthur of St.John, N.B,, realized.Fortunately, he also discovered Gin Pills, and gratefully wrote: New Massey-Harris Mower Has Easily Adjusted Lift In any field or any crop the Massey-Harris Mower can be depended upon to get all the hay.This results from the wide range of its lift adjustment, any one of which can be made quickly and easily\u2014giving the operator control of the conditions under which the mower is working.The bar can be carried light or heavy on the ground or floating, whichever is the best to give clean cutting in the field.Not only are the Massey-Harris No.22-23 Mowers clean cutters\u2014 they are easy, smooth workers and are exceptionally light in draft.Moreover being well-balanced there is no neckweight, and power is transmitted the instant the horses start.\u201cI suffered for six months with kidney trouble.Doctors said I would have to have an operation before I could go back to my heavy work in the machine shops.I was advised to try Gin Pills by the druggist.After taking three boxes I had no more trouble.\u201d Mr.McArthur is not the first person saved from the surgeon\u2019s knife by Gin Pills.For years, Gin Pills have relieved acute kidney conditions.Never neglect backache, headache, brick dust in urine, swollen joints, dizziness, spots before the eyes, painful, scanty or too frequent urination, Nature\u2019s warning of kidney derangement.Play safe.Take Gin Pills.50c a box at all druggists.National Drug & Chemical Co.of Canada, Limited, Toronto, Ontario, 168 For clean cutting, simplicity, and lightness of draft the Massey-Harris Mower is without an equal.Be sure to ask your Local Massey-Harris Agent for full particulars or write your nearest Branch for Descriptive Folder.2 THIS à Send for our garden seeds and our catalog of 500 premium.ALLEN Novelties St.Zacharie, Que.AGENTS\u2014If you like trees and shrubs, why not sell them?Make a business of it.Part time or full time, 900 varieties of proven Red Tag Nursery Products.Cash every week.Equipment and instructions free.Write DOMINION NURSERIES, MONTREAL.FOR SALE PURE Bred Ayrshire cows, excellent breeding, fully accredited herd, record of performance animals and bred to freshen next Winter to dp St = ST ul Reis) 7 \u2014 7 CASE J! Vi 2 4 \u2014 A one of best bull in province.Bargain prices to make room.Write in French or English to WILKINS BROTHERS, P.O.Box 310, Farnham, Que.WANTED \u2014Hear from owner good farm for sale, Cash price, particulars.D.F.BUSH, if i I \u2014 = Le CSS = = : === Minneapolis, Minn, J KE | EARN upwards of $25 weekly growing mush- 1 -.rooms for us in waste cellar spaces.Illustrated b a i A LV: \u2018 \u20ac ee p é FF booklet, sent anywhere, for stamp.DOMINION H - adi Le tld ISHED 54 * RR e CE me MUSHROOM CO., Toronto 3.; TORONTO-MONTREAL-MONCTON:WINNIPEG-BRANDON-REGINA-SASKATOON _ § § AN CURRENT-YORKTON :CALGARY-EDMONTON : VANCOUVER ro] SALESMEN\u2014Steady, profitable employment, A a >.g i rés pom a PREC ES a | x i iversa nown.À ! Nenad hd afi).CIES EVERYWHFRE ~.| aed ».nt an D ir Guaranteed quality.Trees and Plants.Newest i a œ = = _ and best varieties, There is good money in it i = i i : : i for you.Illustrated up-to-the minute equip- 3 A ment.Real sales co-operation.Write LUKE 7 * BROTHERS NURSERIES, MONTREAL.F Dangerous Varicose Veins 4 Reduced or Money Back ; This Simple Home Treatment Is Giving Amazing Results | Rub Gentle and Upward Toward the| Oil (full strength) and apply as Heart as Blood in Veins Flows directed night and morning to the That Way swollen, enlarged veins.Soon you will _\u2014 notice that they are growing smaller If you or any relative or friend is| and the treatment should be con- Prenat: + Es worried because of varicose veins, or bunches, the best advice that anyone in this world can give you is to ask your drugigst for an original two-ounce bottle of Moone\u2019s Emerald tinued until the veins are of normal ÿ size.So penetrating and powerful is Emerald Oil that even Piles are quickly relieved, All druggists sell lots of it.A GOOD INVESTMENT You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do ît.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.On request we send a sample copy.ey ET RRs ee e ) VI THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE The farmers who like dairying are the ones whose business is properly organized.Using the telephone to save time helps them to sell their labour at about 500% profit \u2014 according to statistics.FRIENDLY CO-OPERATION with FARMERS \"THERE is a spirit of service and co-operation about the Bank of Montreal which appeals strongly to our farmer-customers.YOU are cordially invited to call at this Bank and discuss your financial problems with the manager.Bank of Montreal Established 1817 Total Assets in excess of $830,000,000 Sell\u201d S$ .l hr \u2014 C\u2014O db remm 2 LL i ZA 7 7 mi i 0 | ck TRE SP EN 7 fs; Ne Le WNW \\ Al) REG 2a 7 - CT I T Im Rl SSS SAAS SASL, ue xy Ameo ESS L111 f pa |= A ie Le Te ET Rega \u201cx A.ES EE a .\u2018 n rp - x .= Jy Rp Pe EE BAIN eve a g 2 AA us [ : EPP ARANTES na = Save Money with \u2014~ ECONOMY «\u201cRIB-ROLL\u201d ROOFING Council Standard Brand Roof your house, barn, shed, with ECONOMY RIB-ROLL \u2014 permanent, handsome, fire-cheeking.It is low in first cost and comes in big sheets that are easy and quick to Jay -as a new roof or nailed on over the old wood shingle or felt roof.With ECONOMY, you save on the erection, get better protection and don\u2019t need te worry about repair bills.Made in sheets 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 feet long.Sold by agents everywhere who also handle Superior\u201d Brand Economy Rib- Roll Roofing as well as Metal Ceilings, Shingles, Sidings, Economy Metal Lath, Corner Bead and other sheet metal building materials.Write us for estimate and sample, giving dimensions of roof, including length of ridge and rafter.Eastern Steel Products Limited 1235 Delorimier Ave, corner St.Catherine St.MONTREAL formerly The Metal Shingle & Siding Co.Limited Preston Toronto Montreal Patented 1926-1927 Here is a sheet of ECONOMY \u201c R1B- ROLL\u201d ROOFING with seven ribs.Specify ECONOMY SEVEN \u201cRIB- ROLL\u201dROOFING,COUNCIL Standard Brand, the roofing with the extra heavy coating of zine.Council Standard lasts years longer than ordinary roofing.Buy the best.Thereis no better metal roofing than COUNCIL STANDARD ECONOMY SEVEN \u201cRIB-ROLL\u201d ROOFING Also made in \u201cSuperior\u201d Brand with five ribs\u2014*\u201cFconomy five.\u201d A close-up of ECONOMY «RIR-ROLL,\" showing the side lap.When nailed.this joint is so tight that it is quite invisible from even à short distance.This illustration shows the unique and altiaclive pattern, Ne _ Instant as ow Starter PATENTS PENDING So Win, à in | ; * Model Right Now! | ro HE new Coleman Instant Gas Starter is standard equipment on all Coleman Air- O-Gas Stoves.Now you can have a stove that makes its own gas .and with a starter that lights instantly! Just strike a match, turn a valve and it lights right now.Provides full cooking heat.onallburners.in less than a minute.Many other new improvements you will enjoy .\u2014New Even-Heat Burners.\u2014New Built-in Pressure Pump.\u2014New Cooking Efficiency .easier to operate, faster action, positive control.\u2014New Beauty.Handsome mod- elsin varied sizes and styles, Attractive finishes of snow-white porcelain, rich French grey enamel, black Japan .shining nickel trimmings.No Installation Necessary \u2014 No piping.Coleman Air-O-Gas Stoves make their own gas.They give you modern gas service wherever you live.Use any good grade of untreated motor fuel, Ask!Your Dealer for a demonstration.Write us for full description and prices.Address Dept, S22 THE COLEMAN LAMP & STOVE CO., Ltd.Queen St.East and Davies Ave, Toronto, 8, Ontario A Good Investment You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and its costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.On request we sand a sample copy.© SA ER eg G 4 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE vi As sweet-running as it looks Crane Deep Well System No.850 Pumping from depths down to 250 feet.Made in many sizes and capacities to meet all needs.A machine can be so compact, so neat, so efficient-looking that seeing it arouses the admiration one feels at sight of a prize winning cow.Such a machine we have endeavored to make Crane Water Systems.Farmers have said that we have succeeded.At any rate, exhibited at farm expositions and conventions, these systems have brought admiring \u201cohs\u201d and \u201cahs\u201d; and in use on the farm have won warm praise.Their sturdy, handsome appearance is only the surface expression of the hidden qualities that make Crane systems smooth- running, long-lasting, trouble-proof.Such points, for instance, as the sliding cross-head in Deep Well System No.850, that takes the jerk out of the lifting stroke and does away with the clatter and bang annoying to hear and destructive to pumps.Or such points in all Crane systems as bearings machined to .0005 of an inch, positive overhead oiling systems that keep every bearing flooded, simplicity which makes a wrench the entire tool kit.Let us send you the booklet A.D.9-R, .ME 1 C Shallow Well Crane Automatic Water Systems, giving full in- oe .! 1 h formation on the complete line of Crane \u201cp.8.7 4 5.llon tank.1-6 horse power.Shallow well systems systems, enabling you to select the proper one Lie supplied in» vide range of sizes and capacities, up to 6000 gallons an hour.CRANE CRANE LIMITED, GENERAL OFFICES: 1170 BEAVER HALL SQUARE, MONTREAL CRANE-BENNETT, LTD., HEAD OFFICE: 45-51 LEMAN STREET, LONDON, ENG.Branches and Sales Offices in 21 Cities in Canada and British Isles Works: Montreal and St.Johns, Quebec, Canada, and Ipswich, England to supply running water on your farm.\\When no V.Sis available and you have a horse frantic with terrible pains of acute, spasmodic colic, the first few minutes is the time to check it.It is so easy to be oï cfficient service to your animals, saving them from disease and pain, by giving Dr Bell's Veterinary Medical Wonder DOSE BY DROPS- NO DRENCHING One to three doses, of a few drops each, in the horse\u2019s mouth, will bring prompt, sure relief, in even the most advanced cases.A wonderful remedy for treating all kinds of Pain, Colic, Fevers, Chills, Coughs, Distemper, Stoppages of the Urine, Indigestion, Scours, Exhaustion, or Tonic for the Appetite.Order a bottle from your dealer to-day, or write\u2014 THE DR.BELL WONDER MEDICINE CO., Kingston, Ontario, Canada Ru S = NS de = iS - [EN 2D NN Si Jona ago The Canadian Bank of > Commerce developed a form of co-operative banking service.Each branch was to be a \u201ccommunity bank\u201d, to serve first in the interests of the district, and, secondly, to place its customers in contact with a nationwide and world-wide service.This modern, far-reaching banking service is of the utmost value to every progressive farmer.THE CANADIAN BANK OF COMMERCE 167 ee this New Low Model Melotte OMBINING all the features that have made the Melotte so popular with Canadian farmers\u2014now a new model with an exceptionally low tank to appeal to the farmers\u2019 wives.No more high lifting, no spilling of milk.Sit down to-night and fill out the coupon for interesting particulars, or see 4 the Melotte dealer./ R.A.Lister & Co., (Canada) Ltd.+?58 Stewart Street, 133 St.Paul Street 7 Toronto, Quebec., / Please send me + FREE illust- / rated catalogue 7 of Melotte Separator Easy term payments.Liberal aliowance on any muke of Lachine.prove EX DRE ea ES x = Sa 3 1 i =: SET dr gs 20 as 2e = LEO EE Fo ov 5 Se PRES \u2014 al TERRE WE A STR IR ET RELIABILITY The experience of more than thirty years of manufacturing spraying machines combined with untiring research and field experience, contribute largely to the unsurpassed reliability of the SPRAMOTOR.Made in all sizes from the small hand operated Knapsack to the large Triplex power.Write for free illustrated booklet.SPRAMOTOR CO.21 King St.LONDON, ONT.WILLYS-OVERLAND SALES CO., LIMITED Toronto, Ont.Branches : Toronto, Montreal, Winnipeg.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE F, MILESTONES O INCE Dr.De Laval invented the first continuous discharge centrifugal S cream separator in 1878, De Laval Separators have always been in the lead.Practically every detail of separator construction has been De Laval originated.As these features have been imitated, still further improvements have been made.Each De Laval has in its day been the leading separator.As a result more than four million have been made.They are used in every country of the world, and there are practically as many in use as all other makes combined.Now the 1928 \u201cGolden Series\u201d De Laval Separators mark another step forward.They are the crowning achievement in 50 years of leadership and service to the dairy industry.They are the most complete, efficient and beautiful cream separators ever made.They are all that could be hoped for in such a machine and must prove a source of pride as well as profit to every owner.Some of the improvements are: Beautiful gold and black finish; completely enclosed gears; improved regulating cover and float; turnable supply can; easier starting and turning; oil window, and the \u201cfloating bowl.\u201d The best way to judge à new \u201cGolden Anniversary\u201d De Laval machine is to see one, and better still to try it side-by-side with any other separator.Not one person in a hundred who does that will fail to choose the De Laval.\u201cGolden Series\u201d machines are now on display by Authorized De Laval Dealers everywhere.They will be glad to show them to you, or write to nearest office below for full information.The De Laval Company, Ltda.Montreal Peterborough Winnipeg Vancouver You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.On request we send a sample copy.MOTHERS ADVISE OTHER MOTHERS To Take Lydia E.Pinkham\u2019s Vegetable Compound 3] last six months that I look like twenty- five although the fact is that I am now | forty-seven and have seven children.I ;||have taken the Vegetable Compound regularly for some time now and sleep 23) well, rise early and feel young.\u201d\u2019\u2014MRS.2% McKER, 18 Laurier Ave., Toronto, tH Ontario.A healthy mother will have a healthy child.For your baby\u2019s sake take Lydia (| E.Pinkham\u2019s Vegetable Compound.Mother of Six Vanessa, Ontario \u2014\u201cI think Lydia %.Pinkham\u2019s Vegetable Compound is vonderful.I have had six children of which four are living and the youngest is a bonnie baby boy who weighs 23 pounds.I have taken your medicine before each of them was born and have Toronto, Ont.\u2014\u201cI began taking|certainly received greac benefit from MRS.McKEE 18 Laurier Ave., Toronto, Ontarlo Lydia E.Pinkham\u2019s Vegetable Compound for nerves and other troubles and I must say I felt different after it.I urgently tell my friends to take it as I am sure they will receive the same help I did.\u201d\u2014MRs.MiLToN McMUL-~ the first dose.I have been told this LEN, Vanessa, Ontario.oA Le vais TET I ae beng\u201d d ll ad pe, EE PV ged a an pm et at 9 cé aa _- ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF Hodgins, Editor, Macdonald College P.Q., P.Q.Se qT TRIER 4 De JOURNAL AGRICULTURE PUBLISHING CO., OF THE - Limited PROVINCE OF O 73 St.James St., QUEBEC.2 Montreal.All maters relating to \u201d \u201carm - the reading columns must ENGLISH .8,287 be addressed to S.R.N.FRENCH .63,034 AND HORTICULTURE FOR RATES OF ADVERTISEMENTS ADDRESS TO THE CANADA | Circulation - 71,321 Volume 31 JUNE 1st 1928 Number 12 EDITORIAL COMMENT WELCOME TO OLD QUEBEC.Quebec province, and more specifically Quebec City, is to be honored this month with visits from the members of the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists and of the Canadian Seed Growers\u2019 Association, for Old Quebec has been chosen as the 1928 Convention City for both of these organizations.To these visitors, who count within their ranks most of the outstanding scientific workers in Canadian Agriculture, we extend a most cordial wel- come\u2014Bienvenue à Québec ! It is fitting that these apostles of the newer agriculture should visit the birthplace of Canadian farming, and on the trips that have been arranged for the visitors an opportunity will be given of seeing some of the oldest homesteads on this continent\u2014home- steads that are still cultivated by the descendants of the hardy pioneers who won them from the wilderness three centuries ago.Old Quebec welcomes these scientists\u2014not only because she is traditionally hospitable and rejoices in entertaining strangers, but also in a very special degree because they are working for the betterment of agriculture.Like agricultural workers in all other parts of the world, we in Quebec are coming to have a greater appreciation of the value of scientific research in helping us solve our problems.With three agricultural colleges engaged in the training of young men who intend to farm and in the fitting of others for the carrying on of research in agriculture, with numerous experimental farms and stations devoted to a study of those crops and those methods best suited to the conditions met with in various parts of the province, and with such agencies as the Quebec Seed Board, the Quebec Feed Board and the very extensive Service of County Agriculturist to carry the findings of these experiment stations to the farmers of the province, Quebec is definitely interested in The Newer Agriculture.The meetings of these organizations are extremely valuable in that they bring together for an exchange of opinions the workers in all phases of agriculture from all parts of Canada.They are made still more so through the series of \u201cadvanced lectures\u201d in the science and economics of agriculture that are put on each year by recognized authorities from this and other countries through the courtesy of the Dominion Government.This year\u2019s special lecturers include : Dr.A.Volkart, Professor of Agronomy and Plant Pathology at the Federal Polytechnic School, Zurich, Switzerland, and Director of the Swiss Experimental and Control Station of Oerlikon, Zurich, who will lecture on forage crop problems; Dr.E.C.Auchter, Professor of Horticulture, University of Maryland, who will deal with fertilizer influence on the yield and habit of bearing of fruit trees; Dr.John D.Black, Professor of Agriculture Economics of Harvard University, who lectures on ihe economic status of agriculture in United States; Dr.R.J.Garber, Professor of Agronomy at West Virginia University, who will treat of plant breeding, with particular reference to disease resistance; Dr.E.C.Stakman, Professor of Plant Pathology of the University of Minnesota, who will discuss some of our worst plant diseases; Dr.J.E.Lattimer, Professor of Agricultural Economics at Macdonald College, who deals with the development of this new science ; and Prof.H.M.Nagant, Head of the Department of Chemistry and Geology at the Oka Agricultural Institute, who will deal with climate in soil formation and classification.The arrangement whereby the C.S.T.A.and C.S.G.A.meet during the same week is a happy one.The programmes have been arranged so that the last day\u2019s meeting of the former and the first of the latter overlap\u2014thus allowing the members of both societies to attend the special lectures already referred to.Advantage is also being taken of the fact that so many agricultural workers will be in Quebec during this week, to hold the annual meetings of the Eastern Canada Society of Animal Production and of the Horticulture Group of the C.S.T.A.To all of these organizations we wish success in their meetings \u2014and on behalf of the province we again assure their members of a most hearty welcome to Old Quebec.A HOLIDAY FOR THE FARM BOY.Elsewhere in this issue we carry an announcement concerning \u201cFarm Boys\u2019 Week at Macdonald College\u201d.This event is in the nature of an experiment.Farmers\u2019 sons from the province of Quebec, from 15 to 20 years of age, are invited to be the guests of Macdonald College during the first week of July\u2014-in a holiday that will be free of cost.For, apart from transportation to and from the College (which may be reduced to a minimum where a number of boys from one district get together and motor in) there will be no expense to the visitors\u2014board and lodging in the College Residence being free.The purpose of this Farm Boys\u2019 Week is to give the youth of our rural district an opportunity to visit this splendid agricultural institution, to get an idea of the work that is being carried on there, to compare the systems of farming on their own homesteads with those found most profitable by experiment at this college, and to enjoy a real holiday under ideal surroundings.The program that is being arranged for their entertainment has been prepared by a committee who have never lost sight of the fact that this is to be a holiday.Visits will be paid each morning to the various departments of the college, during which the experiments, etc., looked at will be explained, while the afternoons and evenings will be devoted to sports and other social pleasures.This will be a wonderful opportunity for a real holiday for the farm boy.Coming at a time when he can best be spared (when seeding has been completed and before haying has commenced), it will give him a chance to see something of what is being done on the plots and in the fields at Macdonald, and also to get acquainted with boys from other districts of Quebec.\u201cAll work and no play makes Jack a dull boy,\u201d says the old proverb.It is even more likely to make him a discontended boy.There is no farm in Quebec so crowded with work that it cannot spare one of its boys for a week at this time.A holiday of this sort will give the boy new life, new enthusiasm and a broadened outlook on the profession that he has chosen as his life\u2019s work.In view of the growing appreciation of the importance of animal parasites, Macdonald College is carrying on some special research work in parasitology\u2014the various departments concerned cooperating in the work.For example, poultry parasites are being studied by workers from the departments of poultry, of animal pathology and of entomology and zoology.And, while many REACT Ot Sop TO Rr Ste Pat 2 if EI EEE SR TS SE ts Ere et Sar, TE Ca ER ME BGA THT rie La 172 De JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO, 73, St.James St., - = Limited, Montreal NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.S06 040060600609¢ S00 0-00600000-¢ 0 00-00-0-9-00¢¢ of the problems are of such a nature that much work must be done before conclusive results can be given out, we are publishing elsewhere in this issue a popular article by one of these workers, Mr.A.D.Baker, of the Department of Entomology and Zoology, on one of the parasites of fowl\u2014Coccidiosis.Since this disease is usually very prevalent at this time of year, the article should prove especially timely for those interested.Taxation By Dr.H.D.Brunt VERY year new wealth is created, wealth in the form of commodities and personal services.This wealth is created only under conditions of organized, settled society, the fundamental purpose of which is to protect life and property.Some thinkers believe that this is not only the primary but the only purpose of society as represented by governmental institutions, and \u201cprotection\u201d is considered the limits of state interference.Such a state is often called a \u201cPolice State\u201d, and the theory of government, \u201cPolice Theory.\u201d Other political thinkers and philosophers have a conception of a \u201cCulture State\u201d, the functions of Which include not only those of police in a wide sense but humanitarianism, education, art, culture, scientific rescarch, culminating in the ideal of the \u201cSocialist State\u201d.Whichever theory be true or expedient, wealth is needed to carry on those social duties \u2014 and government creates no new wealth; thus part of the annually created wealth must be handed over to government to carry on such functions; whether limited to \u201cprotection\u201d or extended to cultural limits.This proportion of wealth is called \u201cTaxes\u201d.Taxation presents many problems to the statesman, the economist, the politician, as well as to the individual citizens : 1.The amount must be adequate for the needs of the state.2.It must not strive to take from the annual wealth more than is needed for those needs.Government surpluses are not economically sound.It should try to foresee the \u201cincidence\u201d of any particular tax\u2014that is, who finally pays the tax.Often, a tax aimed at a certain type of property, wealth or person, is \u201cshifted\u201d, by various means, to other property, wealth or person.If a transportation company\u2019s tax is raised, and it raises transportation charges, the tax is shifted wo to travellers.4.Tt should disturb as little as possible capital invested in \u201cimmovables,\u201d that is, machinery, buildings, ete.5.The tax should be easily collectable, difficult to evade or to \u201cshift\u201d.6.Taxes should be so arranged that payment is according to ability to pay, and \u201cusufruct\u201d, that is, \u201cHow much does the payer get out of the country as his share of wealth\u201d ?7.There should be a fair proportionment of taxes for municipal, provincial and federal purposes.As these authorities levy their taxes independently of one another, there is much duplication in types of taxation.Much more thought and scientific analysis must be given to secure adequate and fair apportionment of taxes among these three governing units.8.Distinction between taxes that are used to create new wealth and taxes used for non-productive purposes.Taxes are rarely used for the first purpose; the governing power usually issues bonds which are sold in the public market and profits from the enterprise are used to pay the interest on the bonds.Even for non-productive enterprises, the government issues bonds, taxes being used to pay interest on bonds and establish a sinking fund to retire the bonds when they mature.In successive issues we shall discuss each of these eight points, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE Banner Oats in Quebec ATS are the most extensively grown crop in the Province of Quebec with the exception of hay.The cool and usually moist climate of most of the province is particularly suitable for the growing of oats of high quality.Careful tests at the Cap Rouge Experimental Station have shown that oats, under conditions prevailing there, yield more pounds of grain per acre than do barley or spring wheat, and at the same time they produce more digestible nutrients.They are particularly valuable as a feed for live stock.At the Cap Rouge Station experiments have been conducted to determine the varieties most suitable for Quebec conditions, and the results are now summed up in a bulletin on Banner Oats, which may be obtained from the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.Of all the varieties, Banner has proven to be the most suitable, being hardy, productive, easy to grow, and having a good, firm straw.Banner oats are in fact the most popular variety grown in \u2018Canada especially in the Eastern Provinces.Victory oats is an excellent variety, now grown extensively in the west, but according to the author of the bulletin, who is superintendent of the Cap Rouge Station, nobody growing good Banner should give it up for the newer variety.LIST OF AGRICULTURAL FAIRS FOR 1928 TO BE HELD UNDER THE AUSPICES of the AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES SOCIETY.PLACE.DATE.SECRETARY.ADDRESS.ARGENTEUIL .Lachute .so.« June 20-21-22-23 .J.W.Gall.Lachute, Box 12.ARTHARASKA .Victoriaville .August 15-16 .000.£ R.Garneau, N.P.Arthabaska.BAGOT .Cereeeees St.Liboire .* July 4-5 .+.J.A.Lamonde.St.Liboire.BEAUCE, Div.A.Beauceville .+\" September 25 .Jos.ROY.ov ivennnnenn, Beauceville-West.BEAUCE, Div.B.St.Ephrem .September 20 .J.A.Faucher.St.Ephrem de Tring.BEAUHARNOIS .St.Louis de Gonzague .- September 6 .«++ W.Martin, N.P.St.Louis de Gonzague.BELLECHASSE, Div.A.St.Michael .September 6 .Caïus Lacroix.\u2026.Boyer.BERTHIER .Berthiervile .July 3-4-5 .J.E.Lessard, N.P.Berthierville.BONAVENTURE.Div.A.Port Daniel .September 18 .Shigawake .September 19 .New Carlisle .+ September 20 .Geo.M.Kempffer.New Carlisle.BONAVENTURE, Div.B.New Richmond W.* September 20 .W.H.Willett.New Richmond-West.BROME .000nen Brome .00n September 3-4-5 .Edward Caldwell.Brome.CHAMBLY RARE St.Bruno 0.0.September 19 .Alb.Bernard.St.Basile le Grand.CHAMPLAIN .c0vts St.Stanislas .I T.Jacob.St.Stanislas.CHATEAUGUAY .-.Ste.Martine .Geptember 11 .Patenaude.Ste.Martine.CHICOUTIMI .Chicoutimi .Sept.12-13-14-15-16.Ls \u201cA.Gobeil.Chicoutimi.COMPTON, No.1.Cookshire .c.ccavee August 14-15-16 .T.O.Farnsworth.Cookshire.COMPTON, No.2.Scotstown .September 12-13-14 .Geo.F.Cowan.Scotstown.TWO MOUNTAINS .Ste.Scholastique .September 17-18-19-20J.W.Sauvé.St.Placide.DORCHESTER .Ev.Felteau.St.Anselme.DRUMMOND .L\u2019Avenir .ccvvven September 11 .J.C.St.Amant.L\u2019Avenir.FRONTENAC 0000000 d., Bureu.e000se Lambton.GASPE, Div.A.No.1.Cape Cove .Sydney L.Cass.Cape Cove.GASPE, Div.A.No.2.Barachois .++\" October .\u2026.Roland Tapp.Barachois.GASPE, Div.C.Cap Chat RARE J.O.Roy.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.Cap Chat.HOCHELAGA .St.Léonard .J.A.O\u2019Gleman.90 St-James, Montreal.HULL, Div, A.000000000 Aylmer .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026000000es * September 13-14-15 .R.K.Edey.Alymer, Box 114.HULL, Div.B.Maniwaki .* September 11-12-13 .Palma Joanis.Maniw: HUNTINGDON, Div.A.Huntingdon .September 5-6-7 .W.P.Fisher.Huntingdon.HUNTINGDON, Div.B.Havelock . 9 Vicids - tons per acre of dried limolhy.® ~ à 9 0 w_ C.A.8.moisture conditions immediately following the time of making the crosses.The progeny from these crossings, also, have been more or less non-uniform, as might be expected from hybridizing plants which, though outwardly similar, possess inherent differences that ultimately find expression in progeny variations of various types.Is view of the difficulties involved it would thus appear as if the most satisfactory method of red clover improvement to follow is in the main a modified form of mass selection.This involves successive individual selection of open-fertilized plants, spacial plantings of seedlings raised from seed therefrom, constant rogueing prior to flowering, bulking the seed of desirable nonselects, and repeated spacial mass plantings (for multiplication) followed by further regue- ing and natural selection among these plants.Select open-fertilized individual plants within the cent- gener are employed for repeating the process described in the hope that superiority will ultimately emerge therefrom.Final bulking of several lots of bulked seed, within the regional variety under improvement, can be resorted to, if oesired.Appropriate comparative row and plot tests would naturally follow this procedure.The reader will doubtless appreciate from this description something of the nature of the task which the breeder of better clovers has to face.TIMOTHY IMPROVEMENT Throughout this work consideration has been given to such characters as hardiness, yield, quality, type of growth, carliness, aftermath and rust- resistance.Foundation material was obtained through the introduction of seed of promising timothies that originated at such stations as Cornell, Minnesota and Svalof (Sweden).Certain commercial sources also supplied material for subsequent selection.After due trial of these stocks in individual-plant rows, outstanding individuals within certain rows were selected, These in turn were divided up vegetatively and planted out as centgener blocks of 25 equally-spaced clones.In due course these clonal plantings were carefully studied and noted, and selfings of select centgeners made.This selfing work involved the isolation in tents.made of good quality cotton, of six plants in the interior of the select block.Blocks not selected for selfing were cut back prior to blooming.Sced from these selfings gave rise to comparative rod rows, with convenient checks of unimproved timothy, each strain being replicated five times.For purposes of the study of uniformity transmittance and for purification, twice repeated centgeners were, in certain cases, set out, row tests being thus conducted eventually from third generation seed.After two or three years of comparative row trials, superior strains were carried to comparative plot tests, from which yields, during two seasons, were obtained (see Table I1).After further test in comparative plots for a similar period, multiplication of the strain or strains behaving best in plot tests of such adequate duration is the next logical step.It should be here stated, however, that plot trials for five years, as with alfalfa, is considered desirable to ensure the certainty of adequate testing.The accompanying graph shows, as far as the short duration of testing will permit, the apparent superiority of three Macdonald College strains in \u2018cx Check - \u201cBoon, a ; composite Ottawa strain.A.s Dickenson Ape Tree 24 \u2014235-2.Strain.8= S valof 237A-5.strain.C= Cornell 1676-46 strain.D = C.4079 (selechéon (test) tested on behalf of Cornell University).A.B.C, \u2014 macdonald Coll.¢ \u20ac selected at SF c.D.comparison with the check (\u201cBoon\u201d\u2014a composite strain from Ottawa).Though finality has not been reached in the testing of these local strains, yet the indications are that they possess superiority, and this likelihood is strengthened by the fact that the check itself is a composite strain and thus represents improvement.In the latter part of the summer of 1927 an epidemic of timothy rust was experienced.This may yet prove a blessing in disguise in that two strains (yet in the centgener nursery stage) showed distinct evidence of possessing a high degree of rust- resistance, while contiguous centgeners were badly affected with rust\u2014a condition that had not previously shown up in the production of these inbred strains.Inbreeding, itself, was doubtless a factor in revealing this weakness\u2014rust susceptibility in many strains under test.A point worthy of notice here, also, is the fact that the two apparently rust-re- sisting strains were selected out of two strains which, with a third, have shown apparent superiority in yield in the comparative plot test above referred to (table II).TABLE Il Average yields of TIMOTHY in tons per acre of DRIED forage over period of 2 years (1926-27) (Best strains only shown herein) Designation of Strain | Yield Dickenson Pine Tree 24-23S-2, 2.466 Svalof 237A-b.2.403 Cornell 1676-46.2.301 C.4079 (best of the Cornell 2.200 Univ.strains in test) \u201cBOON\u201d (Check) 2.104 ORCHARD GRASS IMPROVEMENT l\u2019oundation material for orchard grass improvement work, like that of timothy, was obtained from Macdonald Co lege various sources.The material that came originally from Sweden, however, alone survived, for orchard grass is more tender than timothy, and the various strains under trial, and in some cases showing apparent superiority, represent this variety.The methods of improvement were practically the same as in the case of timothy, save that the cent- geners were for the most part established from seedlings instead of from clones and that the select centgeners (in double rows of 50 plants each) were separated as far apart as possible from each other on account of the greater readiness to cross- pollinate by wind displayed by this grass.The accompanying graph shows the apparent superiority in yielding ability to date of one, if not three, of these improved strains in comparison with the check, which itself is an improved strain.The apparent superiority shown would show up even greater were comparison made with a check of ordinary commercial (unimproved) seed.Assuredly, the below-mentioned yields of dried orchard grass which represent the averages of two years, are inconclusive on account of the short duration of the period of testing in plots; but here again we have at least one strain that shows distinct promise of being a superior-yielding orchard grass.Various strains, not shown in table III, are undergoing further test in plots, The above outline of legume and grass improvement being undertaken at Macdonald College shows progress, in the face of difficulties of various kinds, that undoubtedly is being made.The securing for Quebec conditions of alfalfas, clovers and grasses that are hardier, better yielding, of better quality and healthier than their commercial counterparts would seem to be but a matter of a relatively short time, though unexpected setbacks may yet occur to postpone the attainment of the objective.TABLE III Average yields, in tons of dried forage per acre, over period of two years (1926-27) from best\u2014 yielding ORCHARD GRASS strains, Designation of Strain | Yield Swedish 613 (used as Check) 0.950 \u201c 558 0.961 \u201c408 0.769 \u201c 104 0.882 \u201c192 1.053 \u201c 403 0.974 \u201c429 1.297 \u201c 67 1.067 Planting Corn in Drills or Hills in Central Quebec ESULTS of a thorough test of the relative advantages of planting corn for silage in drills or hills conducted for five years at the Cap Rouge, Quebec, Experimental Station, show a decided advantage in favour of the drills under the conditions prevailing at the Station.Improved Orchard Grass Strains - Average of 2 years plot tests (7926 £ 1927).15 10 05 d C= Swedish 613 (Seek = « 558 = v 408 = 104 = \u201c 192 = \u201c #03 = + 429 He oué; TI pre LOTO mp ep pm THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 175 SOIL NEEDS IN QUEBEC PROVINCE By Dr.R.R.McKibbin, Chemistry Dept., Macdonald College.T has recently been pointed out (1) that a very large percentage of the superficial area of Quebec Province is unfit for intensive agricultural practice.Eighty per cent and over of Quebec soils have too little reserve fertility to give profitable returns from cropping them, under existing market and economic conditions.This large proportion, of course, is due to the fact that Ungava and the Laurentian Plateau are included in the area.The opinion has been expressed by many observers that present production from Quebec cropped soils as a whole is much under the level at which real farming prosperity can exist.One suggestion has been that many of the poor farm lands in Quebec now under cultivation should be allowed to revert to forest lands, as has been done recently in a couple of sections of Ontario.If the lands of the Dominion of Canada or of the Province of Quebec were owned by one individual or one corporation, and if the farmers working them were tenants, such a proposition could perhaps be carried out.Under existing conditions, however, upon whom would loss fall ?\u2018Granting that the farmers involved would go to more fertile farm lands in Canada, Canada would not lose.She should gain, for in the end increased national agricultural production should result.The farmers themselves, after the rather expensive moving operations and adjustment to new conditions were complete, should ultimately benefit, although, as always in success or failure under new conditions, the individuality factor would enter in.But the Province of Quebec would lose, It is obvious that the farmer who left his low-fertility Quebec farm for more fertile lands outside the Province would not be able to hold the Quebec land also.Who would buy it from him for afforestation purposes ?What price per acre could be paid to him for his land ?Demand creates supply, and supply regulates price.If the forestation of low-fertility arable Quebec soils were attempted on even a very small scale the price that could be paid per acre for the land would be low.Tt is illogical to suggest that the Quebec Government should encourage the loss of her people by purchasing land from them to permit of their removal to more fertile soils in, let us say, the Canadian West ! It would be much more logical to suggest movement of Quebec people from low-fertility soil areas to higher fertility areas in our Province.The Abitibi region in Northern Quebec has been mentioned as a very promising area for development of this nature.Reforestation of à part of the farm land on many Quebec farms is entirely feasible.Farm wood-lots are a tremendous asset to those farms possessing them.Rough, stony ground cannot be better occupied in most cases than by a well-tended wood-lot.Insofar as reforestation would include only part of the farm it would seem feasible and advantageous to the farmer.But where the suggestion is made that whole farms should be allowed to revert to woodland, when a considerable part of such farms is arable ground of low-fertility, the reasoning must be regarded as of doubtful soundness.For industrial conditions in Quebec are not static.Immense new industrial developments are occurring now, and further far-reaching industrial developments are inevitable in the next few years.With industrial development, population increase marches hand-in-hand.Increased local populatien will mean better transportation and marketing facilities for Quebec farmers, and intelligent farming can be made to pay.As previously stated, the production per acre of farm crops on many Quebec soils is startlingly low.Unfortunately we have no exact data as to the distribution of soils that give a vanishing margin of profit.If such data existed regarding these poor soils, the taking of measures to increase crop yields from them could be done more intelligently .To increase production per acre from existing cultivated Quebec soils is the wish of all our agricultural workers.That the task is a difficult one is shown by the results to date.The problems are many-sided, intricate and impossible of complete solution in a few years, or even in a few decades.It is necessary to let farmers knows the results of carefully conducted experimental work on soils (1) Nagant, H.M., \u201cGeologie et Ressources Agraires\u201d, \u201cScientific Agriculture\u201d, VIII, No.9, p.532, April, 1928.similar to their own and under the same climatic conditions.This involves continuance and extension of the system of demonstration and illustration farms over the Province.It is more important, however, from the soil standpoint, that a system of fertility plots be evolved located on the most prevalent soil classes in different parts of the Province, and that proper rotations be established in these plots.The yields from the plots must be weighed at least in an air-dry state to give information of real value.Before any sound knowledge of soil conditions and needs in Quebec can be gained, some form of soil survey must be undertaken.Even if but a small area is surveyed each year, the value of such work to the Province will at once be felt.Residual soils in Quebec are of relatively small extent.Yet it will be of value to know the exact extent of such soils.Within the \u201cgreat Laurentian plateau\u201d in occupied farm lands a large proportion of the soils are alluvial.The soils in the larger river basins must be studied, even if no attempt is made to map the vast rocky area of the \u201cBouclier Canadien\u201d in its entirety.In the St.Lawrence River valley and in that part of Quebec south of the St.Lawrence occurs the largest single area of arable land in the Province.In the Eastern Townships, as in other sections of Quebec, both very fertile and very infertile arable soils are encountered.Exact knowledge of the extent and the nature of these soils must be gained before practical advice can be offered to farmers to help them increase their crop yields per acre.As illustrations of what may be accomplished by soil survey work, two outstanding examples of national effort in this direction are what has been done in the United States of America and in Russia.Although the soil survey has been undertaken in these two countries for quite different reasons, the result is of great value to the nation in each case.In both the United States and Russia the effects of climate and of the nature of the parent rock upon soil differentiation are considered fundamental.Ecological distribution of native flora is a very valuable aid in the mapping of soils.Samples of soil are taken in the field and forwarded to laboratories for chemical and physical examination.Soils, the world over, may be defined as mixtures of weathered rock fragments and organic matter of varying composition, teeming with micro-organic life and capable of supporting plant life.This definition in its vagueness is like that of man which states, \u201cMan is a featherless biped\u201d.For no definition of soils could be given without writing a book on the subject, and even then the definition would be very incomplete.{17 Quebec Soils were tested Jor, Lime need Just 4 Show no need Of Lime Listutry Need of Lime by Quebec Sois.acre Yet the experience of the United States and Russia tells us that over large areas soils may be almost identical in their composition and in their crop response.For example, calcareous soils are invariably good agricultural soils under humid climate conditions such as ours in Quebec.There is a vast area of rich agricultural land in the United States which stretches through southern Pennsylvania, northern Maryland, the Shanendoah valley of Virginia, and down through the blue-grass region of Kentucky into Tennessee.The fertility of this land is due to underlying limestone.If we cannot all have soils derived from limestone rock, at least we can learn the nature of our own soils, their possibilities, extent and response to cropping systems, In Quebec we have a situation entirely unlike that in either of the countries mentioned which have undertaken extensive soil survey work.Necessarily our methods of attack must be different.With a population occupying but a small area of our total extent we cannot attempt a soil survey on a grand scale.It will be wisdom to utilize the experience gained elsewhere which may be applicable to our case.But under present conditions it would be folly to attempt survey of any but occupied farm soils, or perhaps in some localized areas, the survey of soils which might later be brought under the plough.In actual soil classification, field and laboratory data both are important.In the field, observations as to crop growth, the distribution of native flora, the soil texture and colour, at the surface and at different depths, are significant.The geological derivation of soils must be established where possible, In soil survey work existing geological, geodetic and military survey maps are made use of, and soil survey maps are dependent upon these other maps as well as upon the efforts of the soil SUrveyors.When soil classification in any section is successfully accomplished, information is gained of immediate practical value to the government, to scientific workers and, above all, to the farmer whose soil has been \u201cclassified\u201d as belonging to a definite soil \u201cspecies\u201d.In the United States system of nomenclature of soils the term \u201cprovince\u201d is used to define a large area of soils of similar general origin.In Quebec such a term would apply to the Laurentian shield to differentiate it from the Appalachian region and the St.Lawrence plain as geologically defined, The term \u201cseries\u201d is applied to soils of similar origin, composition and relationship to environment within a soil province.Thus, the limestone soils in the Phillipsburg, Bedford and St.Armand area might well be considered to belong to the \u201cPhillipsburg\u201d series.\u201cType\u201d is a term applied to differentiate between gravelly, sandy, loam, silt and clay soils of the same series.For example, we might speak of a Phillipsburg gravelly loam or Phillipsburg clay loam soil, etc.Such a system of soil nomenclature as this would give sufficient definition of the local soil to warrant for it the recommendation of specific cropping and fertilization systems that have proved successful under similar soil conditions.Lime applications are needed on a very high percentage of Quebec arable soils.More than 909; of about 400 soils of which we have record need from one-half to 4 tons of lime per acre in order to get maximum yields from them with legume-containing rotations.Lime has been described as the \u201ckey to soil fertility\u201d.Without lime, legumes will not thrive.Either the soil must be of limestone origin or lime must be pulverized, brought from quarries, and placed on it, for best alfalfa and clover yields.The problem in the use of lime is almost entirely an economic one.Sources of limestone rock in the Province are so widely scattered that long freight hauls from quarry to farm are, in most cases, necessary.Information may be gained from the soil survey, coupled with a soil-testing campaign, as to those soil areas of the Province most vitally in need of lime amendment in order that an improvement may be effected in their crop yields Application of some form of commercial fertilizer will undoubtedly prove economical on nearly all Quebec soils.Partly because of the lack of phosphoric acid balance in barnyard manure, it is believed that phosphorus-carrying fertilizers are particularly needed by our soils, The lack of phosphorus is accentuated by lime deficiency, for it has been shown that well-limed soils, as a general rule, Sm 4 i i ; 4 & A ME \"SRN 176 have more phosphorus available for plant use than the same soils unlimed and in \u201cacid\u201d condition.In our climate any agency hastening the maturity of crops should be used.Phosphate fertilizers, among other benefits, will hasten the maturing of erops, and in this way alone will well repay their use on general farm crops.The use of nitrogen and potassium commercial fertilizers will certainly be economical on field crops grown on many of our soils, and they will be more vitally needed on some deficient soils with a given crop than on others.Here again a soil survey should be of value, in pointing the way to the economic use of commercial fertilizers, for these can profitably be used not only on specialized crops but also on general farm crops.In Quebec Province tobacco growers use commercial fertilizers heavily, as also do horticulturists, but they are used to a negligible extent in general farming.That this is the case is due to a lack of knowledge by the general farmer of the fertilizer needs of his soil and of the rotations he follows as much as to a lack of willingness on his part to buy commercial fertilizers, once he is convinced of their economic value to him.Underdrainage is very highly recommended as a \u2018means of bringing low-producing soils into the high-production column.Underdrainage of soils is without question of great benefit to them, it relieves flooded soils, makes cold, late soils earlier, actually it makes the water held within well-drained soils more available for plant use.But its cost is great.\u2018The average farmer finds a complete system of \u2018underdrainage quite beyond his means.If he can first increase the productivity of his soils by less \u2018tostly means he will then be in a better economic position to install underdrains, lt would seem that so far as drainage is con- «erned a middle path must be followed.Extensive underdrainage systems may pay very well in certain fields and with certain farmers.But apparently in the majority of cases some other less costly means \u2018of increasing farm production in Quebec must be evolved.It is probable that for most farms open «rains, the use of lime to help form soil \u201ccrumbs\u201d, and thereby better the drainage, application of organic matter in the ploughing under of green \u2018manures and barnyard manure, and the use of commercial fertilizers to help the crop directly, will prove more economical than immediate complete «underdrainage, If soils were uniform in composition and in THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE The Laurentian country of Old Quebec is rich in beautiful lakes and streams which in summer are visited by many thousands of visitors.\u2018their effect on crops, the soil survey would be unnecessary, It is unfortunately true that the survey of soils in glaciated regions is more difficult than in non-giaciated; couple with this the heterogenous character of alluvial soils, and one can appreciate the task awaiting the surveyors of Quebec soils.However, until some systematic soil classification is effected in this Province, hit-or-miss methods of fertilization must be resorted to by most farmers, and the results of soil experimental work can only apply to an individual farmer's case in a general way.Such systematic classification of our soils \u2018will, without any doubt, be undertaken sooner or later.If a start can be made now in their classification, the information gained will the sooner be available in order to tell intelligently to farmers the results obtained from experimental work done in cropping and fertilizing soils similar to their own.The Quebec Provincial Feed Board By E.VW.Crampton, Asst.Prof.of A OR the past few months there has been in exigience an organization officially known as the Quebec Provincial Feed Board.As its name implies, it is a Doard organized to study and, where possible, make recommendations regarding \u2018feed mixtures suitable for conditions as they are found in Quebec.On this Board are represented: the Quebec Department of Agriculture; cach of the Agricultural Colleges of the Province; the Feed Division of the Dominion Seed Branch; and the Dominion Experimental Farms Branch.The purposes of this Board may be summarized as follows: (1) To co-ordinate the recommendations regarding suitable feed mixtures for use under different conditions obtaining in this Province.(2) To propose mixing formulae for meal mixtures suitable for use under given conditions.(3) To consider and approve, if found satisfactory.mixtures proposed by feed concerns, One of the outstanding services which it iz hoped \u201cthis Board will offer to the feeders of the Province is the co-ordination and perhaps standardization of recommendations regarding suitable feed combina- itions for use under given conditions.At the present time, each of the departments mentioned above are «called on to advise on feeding problems.In general, the recommendations from these different sources agree, though the detail of the mixtures suggested are various.The Quebec Feed Board, being composed of those parties now advising on feeding problems, will automatically effect a co-ordination in their recommendations.In proposing meal mixing formulae a service of a somewhat different type is offered to the feeder.It is the intention of the Board to propose a number of feed mixtures which in their opinion are satisfactory for purposes which will be indicated with each mixture.The formulae for these mixtures will \u2018be free to any who care to use them.The individual farmer may use them as a receipt for making a \u2018farm mixed ration; the local dealer may mix them and offer them for sale, subject to certain condi- aimal Husbandry, Macdonald College.tions as noted below; Farmers\u2019 Clubs or other cooperative organizations may use them by instruect- ing some dealer to mix certain quantities of any one of these formulae, the dealer being paid for his service of mixing; the large feed concern may manufacture mixtures according to any of these formulae, provided they are sold under the conditions noted below, In connection with each mixing formulae proposed by the Board there will be full instructions regarding the use to which the mixture should be put.The tag accompanying each bag of such mixed feed offered for sale will give in addition to the analysis data now required by law for all feed mixtures offered for sale, the following information : (1) Name and amount of each ingredient used in the mixture, The pounds of digestible nutrients in each ton of the mixture.(5) The percentage of digestible protein of the feed.Realizing that large feed concerns are frequently able to include in their mixtures feed stuffs which are valuable but sometimes difficult to obtain in small quantities, the Board is prepared to consider and approve, if found suitable, formulae for mixtures proposed by such concerns.In order that such mixtures may be sold as being approved by the Board, the same information as is to appear on mixtures proposed by the Board must appear on tags marking such feeds.How soon the Board will complete its work on the meal mixtures which are to be proposed can not at this time be foretold, although every effort is to be made to have these formulae available during the coming summer.Nor has it been decided at what time feed mixtures proposed by commercial feed concerns will be considered.It is probable, however, that for the time being any formulae proposed by feed concerns will be considered at the first meeting of the Board following their receipt.Any persons wishing further information regard- \u2014_ ne \u2014 ing the activities of this Board should communicate with Mr.S.J.Chagnon, Chief Assistant, Live Stock Branch, Department of Agriculture, Quebec.Keep Up The Milk Supply To The Editor of The Journal of Agriculture.Sir: great many farmers make a great mistake in A not supplying the milk cows with food during the hot weather period of July and August.Usually the great flow of milk is in June, and in order to keep that flow up farmers should have a plot of green feed to supply the dried up pastures.I have used a combination of grain to sow an acre of ground\u201417% bushels oats, %4 bushel of peas, and I bushel of vetches.Now, half an acre, if the soil is in good heart (I mean fairly rich), is quite enough to feed 25 or more cows for the hot weather period.The farmer should choose a piece of ground not far away from the barnyard, large enough for his dairy.Sow one half of the intended plot as early as possible in the spring and the other half, say, two or three weeks afterwards, and if the season is at all favorable you could cut at least twice; and if it should happen that you did not require it all for green feed it could be cut and cured for hay, or it makes food excellent to put in the silo.If any farmer will try this plan, I feel sure he will not feel sorry, and he will not have any part of his farm to give him more profit than the piece.The cows should not be allowed to drop too much for want of sufficient food to keep the supply up.Should any farmer neglect this piece of advice they will find it will cost quite a lot of money to feed the cows, to gain the loss that would occur.I found it was always a good idea to cut the feed a few hours before giving it to the cows, and let it wilt just a little.The cows seem to enjoy it better, and they eat it much more readily than if cut fresh and green.Farmers, try this and see if you will not be pleased with your trial plot this year, Yours very truly, PETER MacFARLANE.New Glasgow, N.S.Pasture and Green Feed for Hogs OR brood sows and young breeding pigs pasture provides not only the cheapest but the most healthful method of feeding.It favours the growth of both bone and muscle and the development of a vigorous condition.For hogs that are fattening pasturing has its disadvantages, particularly with the active bacon hog which will use up an undue amount of energy in excessive exercise.The subject of feeding swine, dealt with in Circular No.61 of the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa, recommends for breeding hogs a pasture of red clover and alfalfa, or fine grass, with accessible water and shade.RE te Stern it\u201d \u201ca LA tr aie ane ME te eS THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 177 A Message to Milk Producers From The Inspector-General of Gentlemen : ILL you permit us to draw your attention, for a moment, to a few matters which touch very closely your interests and which should perhaps be better understood.We are now commencing a new season of butter and cheese making.There are makers who have done good work during the past year.Others have been in the \u201cneither good nor bad\u201d class; they have remained stationary.Lastly, there are a certain number of others who, unfortunately, have registered only bad results.Why these differences ?For three reasons, which may be listed as follows: 1.Poor quality of products brought to the factory; 2.Poor supervision of the factory operations; 3.Indifference, negligence (and sometimes incompetence) of the maker.We are confident that you prefer to produce good milk rather than poor.Also, the department is pleased to help you in this by offering you in future, at your home, the free services of their inspectors.Because of their technical knowledge and of the fact that they judge your conditions on the spot, they will be able to give you particularly valuable advice.Is it necessary to tell you that we strongly advise you to make use of their services ?Receive them with courtesy and they will be more than glad to fulfil their task, You can count, in return, on their friendliness and interest.Like ourselves, all the inspectors are your employees.It is our duty to inform you concerning the facts in your factory.But how much more eager we would be if we found, in each district, a board of directors, composed of serious members, who would question us and show as much interest as we do ourselves in securing the best results.Indeed, is it not you who lose when you have poor results ?Further, it may be necessary, in some cases, to accompany the inspector to the factory and to make the inspection with him.How many things which cannot easily be explained in a verbal report | necessary to make application.Forms for this A Profitable Holiday for the Farm Boy.Macdonald College\u2014July 2nd to July 6th\u2014 1928 The first week of July will be Farm Boys\u2019 Week at Macdonald College\u2014a week during which the farm boy will have an opportunity to Zet acquainted and exchange ideas with boys from other sections of the province; a week to get acquainted with Macdonald College; a week in which to spend a profitable holiday.Through the generosity of some kind friends, board and lodging at Macdonald College will be free of charge.Transportation therefore will be the one important item of expense.Special railroad rates of fare and one-third will be available on the certificate plan.Groups of boys may arrange to motor.The program being arranged will include visits to the College farms and opportunities to see something of the College equipment, excursions to neighboring stock farms and organized sports.Boys between the ages of fifteen and twenty who speak English, and who are living on farms, are cordially invited to be guests of the College for this Farm Boys\u2019 Week.To take advantage of this outing it will be purpose are provided and may be obtained locally from any one of the following *\u2014 1.The Minister, 2.The School Teacher, 3.The District Agriculturist, 4.The Officers of the Women\u2019s Institute.These applications should reach the College on or before June 25th in order that the applicant may benefit by the reduced railroad rates.Applications will be accepted to the limit of our accommation facilities.In the event of these being over-taxed, selection will be made on the basis of age of the boy, and the order of receipt of application.The boys will be accommodated in the College Residence.They will be enrolled for the week and they will be under College supervision and discipline during their visit.Further information may be obtained from the Farm Boys\u2019 Week Committee, Macdonald College, P.Q.Butter and Cheese Factories.and which are even more difficult to gather from a written report, may be observed and judged on the spot ?Why, for example, should not the board of directors make it its duty to examine the official certificate of classification of each shipment ?When the certificate shows that the products are poor, there must be a cause.This cause should be searched out immediately and remedied as soon as possible, In order that a lot of butter or of cheese may be placed in the first class, it must score at least 92 points out of a 100; but do not forget that if this shipment obtains only just the 92 points required, it may be said to approach closely to the second quality.It is at this point that you should check up on the matter.Otherwise, take care that the shipments which follow do not fall into the second class.The chief grader addressed to all factories at the end of last season a report showing the quantity of cheese of first, second and third class made in each, Have you studied these reports ?It is to your interest to do so.If you did not shine in column No.1 last year, try harder this year.Before the season is well advanced, if the inspectors ascertain that already the results obtained are poor, they should inform you of it.Further, they should tell you whether that is due to the poor milk delivered to the factory or to the negligence of the maker.We hope that if it is the milk furnished which is the cause, you will look to it at once.On the other hand, if it is the maker who is at fault, co-operate with the inspector to help him correct it.There is a prejudice which exists against little factories and which is justified up to a certain point; but we must not wait until all the factories are large before trying to improve the quality of the products in all.If the factory which you patronize does not receive much milk, but if it has a reason for its existence, you should be more strict with the maker, since it is easier to control the manufacture of a small quantity of milk than of a large quantity.What happens in the factories receiving little milk is that the makers are less strict in what they take in so that they may not decrease the revenues, We believe that in such a case it would be a wise move on your part to increase the salary of these makers, to require from them choice products and force them to refuse milk that is not suitable for manufacture.This is the only way to correct these troublesome patrons, who are the exceptions, not only in the small factories but in each district, and who are very often the cause of poor quality products.We trust that these observations will be taken in good part by all interested.We have, however, the right to expert your co-operation because it is especially necessary for the progress of our dairy industry\u2014in other words of your own interests.Yours very truly, (Signed) GEO.CAYER, Temporary Inspector General of Butter & Cheese Factories.Quebec, 18 May, 1928, Permanent Permits Required To Ship Milk and Cream to the United States S forecast, the United States Department of Agriculture has announced that temporary permits under the Import of Milk Act will be cancelled as of May 31st, and permanent Permits issued as on June 1st after complying with the regulations as per said act.The work of inspection under the Department of Agriculture at Ottawa to decide what shippers can obtain permanent permits is progressing, but in several areas shippers have decided that they cannot hope to reenter this market at present\u2014these being creameries whose patrons have not shown a willingness to go to the expense of building milkhouses and making other changes in herds and premises to meet the United States requirements.It is impossible to say exactly how large a proportion of our exports will he cut off on May 31st, but competent authorities say 75%.That is a serious matter, especially as the United States market was the highest priced one open to Canadian dairy products.It is certain that there is a market in the United States for Canadian milk and cream, and despite the fact that the inspection imposed on Canadian producers is more severe than that on United States dairymen, it would be unwise for the Canadian dairy industry to decide not to cater to that market.We are making great strides in the eradication of tuberculosis, and there will soon be a much larger supply of milk and cream available from disease free areas than the Canadian market can use in fluid form.In order to obtain the reward for the heavy expenses of creating these areas we must make a concerted effort to make sure that, in at least those areas, the cleaning up of stables and the making of other necessary improvements, is finished, for that will at once reopen the United States market to our products.In the end the effect of the action of the United States Government should be of great value to the Canadian dairy industry, by making the reputation of Canadian milk and cream higher than ever.We have the chance to profit by our present hardships and we should not neglect it.NATIONAL DAIRY COUNCIL of CANADA, Journal Building, Ottawa, Ont.Keep a little oxide of zine ointment on hand.In is good for scratches and sores.Quebec\u2019s District Agriculturist Service Director ) .Inspector Narcisse Savoie Roger Gagnon F.Champagne, Dist.Insp., Dist.No.1, Rimouski, Que.5 Beauce No.1, 5 Beauce No.2, 1 Bonaventure- L.Therrien, No.2, Louiseville, Que.L.C.Roy, \u201c \u201c \u201c No.5, Cookshire, Que.J.-Alf.Leclerc, * \u201c \u201cNo.6, Laprairie, Que.District County Agronome Residence.\u2014 Abitibi-East, France Brien, Amos.\u2014 Abitibi-West, Alex.J.-Rioux, Macamic.\u2014 Argenteuil, Alex.Bothwell, Lachute.5 Arthabaska, Henri Lauzière, Victoriaville.6 Bagot, Raphael Rousseau, Acton-Vale.Alphonse Laflamme,Beauceville-East.Rolland Brassard, St.Georges.6 Beauharnois, Sauveur Gosselin, Valleyfield.1 Bellechasse, J.-Ulric Brown, St.Raphael.2 Berthier, Elphège Marseille, Berthierville.1 Bonaventure, Hector Leblanc, Maria.Gaspé, André Paris, Grande Rivière.5 Brome, L.-D.McClintock, Knowlton.2 Champlain-North Chas.Eug.Rioux, St.Tite.2 Champlain-SouthJ.-A.Fortin, Batiscan.\u2014 Charlevoix, J.L.Langevin, La Malbaie.6 Châteauguar, P.-N.April, Ste.Martine.\u2014Chicoutimi, Avila Charbonneau, Chicoutimi.5 Compton, Joseph Bergeron, Cookshire, 6 Two Mountains, Nelson Cossette, St.Eustache.5 Dorchester No.1,P.-A.Brunel, Ste.Hénédine.5 Dorchester No.2, Ernest Massé, Ste.Germaine Sta.5 Drummond, William Houde, Drummondville.5 Frontenac, Fred.Pothier, Lac Mégantic.1 Gaspé, Rodolphe Gauthier, Gaspé.\u2014 Hull No.1, J.-W.Delaney, Hull.\u2014 Hull No.2, Marcel B.Bonnier, Maniwaki.6 Huntingdon, L.-de G.Pelletier, Huntingdon.\u2014 Iles de la Maximilien Madeleine, Lemieux, Cap aux Meules.2 Joliette, Anthime Char- bonneau, Joliette.1 Kamouraska, Pierre St.Hilaire, St.Pascal.6 Labelle, Geo.E.Foucher, Nominingue, \u2014 Lac St.Jean No.1, Gustave Prince, Hébertville Sta.\u2014 Lac St.Jean No.2, Irénée Paré, Roberval.6 Laprairie- Napierville, Arthur Lamarre, Laprairie.2 L\u2019Assomption, Arthur Landry, L'Assomption.6 Laval Jacques Cartier, J.-Willie Lemyre, Ahuntsic, (1) \u2014 Lévis, Edouard Brisebois, St.Romuald, 1 L\u2019Islet, Bruno Potvin, St.Jcan Port Joli.5 Lotbinière, Emile Roy, Ste.Croix.2 Maskinongé, J.-E.Roy, Louiseville, \\ 1 Matane, J.-Bte.Milette, Matane, 1 Matapédia, Jules Rinfret, Val Brillant.5 Mégantic, Armand Gélinas, Plessisville.5 Missisquoi, Paul Gingras, Bedford.2 Montcalm, L.-J.Sylvestre, St.Jacques.1 Montmagny, Paul Carignan, Montmagny.2 Montmorency, A.-P.Pelletier, Château Richer.5 Nicolet, Josaphat Joyal, Nicolet.\u2014 Papineauville, Thomas Rollin, Papineauville.\u2014 Pontiac, T.-Ed.McOuat, Campbell\u2019s Bay.2 Portneuf No.1, J.-C.Magnan, St.Casimir.2 Portneuf No.2, J.-A.Plante, St.Basile.2 Québec, Emile Gauthier, Charlesbourg.6 Richelieu, J.-A.Filion, Sorel.5 Richmond, J.-A.Proulx, Richmond.5 Rimouski, Ulyni Phaneuf, Rimouski.6 Rouville Chambly, Geo.E.Mayrand, Richelieu Village.6 St.Hyacinthe, Lorenzo Hamelin, St.Hyacinthe.6 St.Jean and Iberville, J.-R.St.Arnaud, Iberville.2 St.Maurice, J.-A.Parenteau, Yamachiche.5 Sherbrooke, W.-G.MacDougall, Lennoxville.5 Stanstead, J.-R.Belzile, Lennoxville.5 Shefford, Oscar Descostes, Waterloo.\u2014 Témiscamingue, J.-Joseph Bégin, Ville Marie.1 Témiscouata No.1, Domina Fortin, L\u2019Islet Verte.1 Témiscouata No.2, Philippe Lambert, N.-D.du Lac.6 Terrebonne, Alphonse Lafrance, Ste.Thérèse.6 Vaudreuil Soulanges, Henry Reid, Vaudreuil Sta.6 Verchères, Jules Auger, Verchères.5 Wolfe, Emile Lemire, D\u2019Israeli.5 Yamaska, Eugène Boivin, Pierreville.(1) 10830, St.Denis St., Montreal, AI SE EE SE NS IE 178 Organization for the Protection of Crops By Dr.W.H.Brittain, Professor of Entomology, Macdonald College.HE fact that crops, as well as man and his domestic animals, are subject to attack from various parasitic enemies, is one of which everyone who reads the newspapers is well aware.Such names as those of the Cotton Boll Weevil, Gypsy \u2018Moth, European (Corn Borer, Japanese Beetle, etc., are almost as well known as those of Gene Tunney or Mary Pickford.Indeed a recent survey by Science Service revealed an interesting fact.It was that, while scientific subjects generally held a much lower place in public esteem than such topics as murders, divorces, or the sayings and doing of the mayor of Chicago, where scientific articles only were considered, those dealing with insects came second on the list with respect to space occupied in the daily press.Another significant fact is that in a list of agricultural research workers in the British Empire, recently published, the number of entomological workers exceeds that of any other science, while the list of workers in plant diseases is next largest.This represents a condition of affairs quite different from that which existed 25 years ago, and shows how clearly it has come to be realized that greater and more economical crop production does not necessarily mean planting more seed, or cultivating a greater acreage, or even adopting new cultural practices, but, in very many cases, it does involve the giving of more intelligent attention to problems connected with the control of insect and fungous pests.Today, whenever farmers and fruitgrowers or planters are gathered together to discuss their business, whether it be the growing of cotton or apples, of oranges, wheat, sugar cane or potatoes, it will be found that a considerable proportion of their deliberations will be devoted to a discussion of the control of the pests affecting those particular crops.It will also usually be found, that the more specialized the agriculture and the greater the extent to which a particular crop is grown to the exclusion of other, the more trouble is likely to be experienced from parasitic enemies.The reason for this is simple enough.Introduce a verminous individual into a lumber camp, a barracks, or a trench, or elsewhere where men must live crowded together, and it will not be long befor his companions are equally verminous.Similarly where large acreages are devoted to wheat, or apples or cotton, the pests of these crops tind ideal conditions to increase and multiply.Had there been no development in our knowledge of the habits and life histories of injurious insects and nu improvement in methods and materials used for the control of such pests, modern agriculture, as we know it today, would have been impossible.Even with all the advances that have been made, it is a question whether the pests have not, on the whole, obtained somewhat the upper hand.Down to the early eighties of the last century the methods used by farmers on this continent und in Europe were similar to those used today by the cultivators of India or China.About that time the use of Paris Green began to come into general use, and since then progress has been rapid and has gained acceleration with the passing years, until, at the present time, the number of materials used for the destruction of insect life is very great.Coincident with the development of materials, there has been a corresponding evolution in the development of machinery for applying these materials either in the spray or dust form.From the early days when liquid material was applied with a small brush made from a handful of grass, or dusted on in dry form through a piece of sacking or wire cloth, we have now large power outfits that will treat large acreages a day and, in special cases, the aeroplane is beginning to assume an important role in applying poisoned dust mixtures over large areas.With the still greater development of specialized agriculture and the introduction of new pests, the problem is becoming increasingly difficult for individuals to handle, and it is not at all surprising that, in some cases, growers have become bewildered by the complexity of the situation with which they are faced.The imperative need of organizing their forces against the attacks of insect and fungous enemies has forced itself on the attention of governments, of associations and of individuals.Governmental activities usually follow the following lines : 1.Plant quarantine to prevent or render more difficult the introduction of new pests.2.Measures to prevent, restrict or retard the spread of already introduced pests.3.Investigation and research into the problems of insect pests and their control, the information secured being later disseminated among the growers in various ways, such as through pamphlets, bulletins, meetings or in a more personal way through the extension service of departments of agriculture.Actual control operations are only rarely carried out directly by governmental agencies.This method is, however, employed in certain of what we usually regard as backward countries, where the work is unlikely to be done otherwise, or where the authorities are unwilling to trust the people with the poisons needed for the work.The citrus acreage in Egypt is fumigated each season by a government department, and the same principle is applied to the control of certain pests in parts of India, the grower being assessed a definite sum for the work.Such methods are unlikely to commend themselves in Western countries.On such crops as citrus, where the period for treatment may extend over several months and where the equipment for fumigation work represents a considerable investment, the work may be carried out by commercial organizations.In northern countries, however, where the season for treatment of most crops is short and where applications, to be effective, must be timely, the method of company operation has rarely been successful.The tendency is for each grower to provide his own apparatus and to do his own work.Considering the large number of organisms involved, their small size, and the difficulty of every grower becoming acquainted with all the details necessary in planning a suitable programme of control, there has gradually developed a greater THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE and greater tendency to depend upon expert advice in these matters.Mention has been made of certain of these agencies for the dissemination of such knowledge.Literature is freely available almost everywhere on this continent giving the most up- to-date information regarding the control of all major pests, to such as can use it .In most cases where the situation demands it, there are laboratories of entomology or plant pathology in existence, and there is usually some form of organization for bringing the results of their investigation to the attention of the grower.The various \u2018Spray Services\u201d that have been inaugurated in many fruit growing sections in the United States and Canada are good examples of such organizations.The laboratories connected with these services keep an accurate check on the different pests concerned and are in a position to advise when treatment should be made.This is done by cards, by press notices, or sometimes in emergency cases, by telephone relay.Meetings may also be held of groups of growers whenever circumstances seem to require it.Individual visits are rarely a part of these services, except where groups of growers definitely arrange to pay for such a service.In some cases the work of the spray service is financed largely by the growers themselves through their county farm bureaux or corresponding bodies, though the agricultural college may pay a small part of the salary of the \u2018spray specialist\u201d, In some cases growers pay from five to twenty-five dollars per season for this service, and it is a notable fact that few counties have discontinued such a service once it has been started.In other cases the service is largely free to the growers, except that they furnish the organization and, usually at least, provide the secretarial work.Some sort of organization appears to be necessary in order to secure prompt and effective action at critical periods.Hence, such \u201cSpray Service\u201d organizations are likely to become more numerous and to play an even larger part than they have in the past.Methods of Potato Disease Control By H.N.Racicot, B.A., Dominion Laboratory of Plant Pathology, Ste.Anne de la Pocatiére, Que.REVENTION is the most effective way of controlling potato diseases.There are five main methods of prevention: cultural practices tending to reduce diseases, seed selection, seed disinfection, spraying or dusting, and rogueing.Growers should plan their work so as to include these methods with their cultural practices.Good drainage, underground or surface, will remove excess water and allow better aeration of the soil.This will help to prevent the rotting of sets in the soil, and assure a better stand.It will also eliminate damp spots in the fields, which are sources of infection for late blight.Proper fertilizers should be used.Common scab of potatoes is increased by applying fresh manure.It should be well decomposed.Lime also increase common scab.If the soil requires lime, apply it at another time in the rotation.Clover and other green crops ploughed under make the soil more acid and less favorable to common scab.Keep the weeds down.They harbour diseases.Common scab and rhizoctonia live on weeds and other plants.Weeds also stunt the growth of plants and increase the humidity of the air near the soil, predisposing them to diseases.If potatoes are grown in the same field for more than one year, the amount of diseases is likely to increase, as these overwinter on plant refuse.Crop rotation will aid in starving out diseases, A four years\u2019 rotation is good, but a longer one may sometimes be necessary.À seed plot will aid in increasing the yield and in reducing disease.Its small area permits one to eultivate, spray, and rogue it thoroughly.Harvesting it by hand enables the selection of high yielding, disease-free strains.Select good size seed potatoes free from diseases, dry rots and mechanical injuries, and that were produced in fields free from virus diseases.Diseased seed usually produces a diseased crop.Dry rots and injuries may look harmless, but they usually harbour diseases that cause the sets to rot, The culls should not be planted.The small tubers were largely produced by weak and diseased plants, especially by plants affected with virus diseases.Seed disinfection with Formalin will aid in controlling black leg, and under certain circumstances common scab also.Corrosive sublimate will give good results in reducing potato rhizoctonia.These disinfectants destroy the diseases that overwinter on the surface of the tubers, Sprays and dusts are applied to plants as a protective coating poisonous to diseases.Therefore the spraying or dusting should be done thoroughly in order that every part of the plant may be covered, and before the disease has made its appearance.Spraying with Bordeaux mixture will control the early and late blights and tip burn of potatoes.Rogueing is the only effective control for virus diseases such as leaf roll, mosaic, curly dwarf and spindle tuber.The rogueing must be done early in the season before the agents of transmission, usually insects, have had a chance to spread the disease to healthy plants.Newly inoculated plants will not show the symptoms for some time after inoculation, and cannot be detected.Some diseases are controlled by the application of one of these methods, while others require the use of several, For example, late blight of potatoes is controlled by timely and thorough spraying with Bordeaux mixture, while black leg will require seed selection, seed disinfection, and rogueing.For more information about potato diseases and their control, growers may apply to the Dominion Botanist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, or to the Laboratory of Plant Pathology of their respective province, \u2014\u2014 Mosquito Control HE females of the majority of species of T mosquitoes drink blood, and warm blooded animals and man are the sources of this particular form of mosquito food.This makes the mosquito an interesting subject for study, and a circular, just published by the Department of Agriculture, entitled \u201cMosquito Control in Canada\u201d, is most timely.While some of these predacious insects only live for a few days others live for several weeks, and the best way to control them is to make an attack upon their breeding grounds.The Entomological Branch advocates in this circular the draining and filling in of low places where water accumulates, and the screening of receptacles holding water such as water barrels.Temporary bodies of water formed by melting snow, rain and floods are common breeding places for mosquitoes.\u2018Mosquito (Control in \u2018Canada\u2019, which may be obtained on application to the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, deals at length with the life history, permanent and temporary control measures, procedure in control campaigns, and protection from mosquito bites.i | | mé 0. SL CATR i | THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 179 Control the Onion Maggot \"HERE has been developed during the past few years, a very satisfactory control for the onion maggot, in Bordeaux oil emulsion, This insect does a tremendous amount of damage every year, and until comparatively recently, all efforts to control it met with anything but promising results.Corrosive sublimate, it is true, at the rate of one ounce to ten gallons of water gives fair results occasionally, but even then the loss is considerable, In the manufacture of Bordeaux oil emulsion, the first procedure is to make the Bordeaux which is used in the 4-4-50 formula.The quickest way to do this, even when only small amounts are required, is first to make up stock solutions, Dissolve in one container, any given number of pounds of bluestone in as many gallons of water.Take a similar weight of stone lime and as many gallons of water as there are pounds and slake in a second container.For use, take four gallons of each stock solution, dilute each with 2b gallons of water and pour the two together.The oil emulsion is the same as that used for the control of scale insects, and is made by boiling together, one gallon of a light grade lubricating oil, having approximately 90 percent viscosity and .88 specific gravity, with two pounds of potash fish oil soap and one quart of water.This is added to the Bordeaux mixture at the rate of 1% gallons to 48% gallons of Bordeaux.The mixture should be violently churned and pumped back into itself, so that a smooth emulsion is formed.The spray should be applied to the young onions, beginning when they are an inch in height, with four additional applications at weekly intervals.Those who have used this material find that it gives excellent results, and where applied properly, a 100 percent control can be obtained, thereby increasing the yield very appreciably.W.E.W.The Cabbage Root Maggot ROWERS of cabbages and related plants in many districts are familiar with the injury done by the cabbage root maggot.When the plants are beginning to head, or earlier, they will wilt and die, and upon examination it will be found that the roots are infested with whitish maggots.These hatched from small, white eggs, laid at the base of the plants by the adult fly, that emerged from its overwintering pupa in the soil about the middle of May.There are two broods a season anyway, and considerable overlapping takes place between the first and the second, the latter usually doing less damage as the plants are stronger and therefore better able to withstand the attack.Corrosive sublimate (mercury bichloride) is now used by many growers and is found to be a very successful means of control, This material should be dissolved in water at the rate of one ounce to ten gallons, and about two-fifths of a pint applied at the base of each plant; if the soil is hard and \u201cdry, use more, if moist, use less.The ideal time to make the first application is just after egg-laying begins, followed by a second in a week's time.For safety, especially in cases where plants are set out early in the season, a third application a week later may be given, but if the first is applied at the right time it is not necessary.It is not difficult Infested Cabbage Root.Cabbage root infested with maggots.to recognize the eggs and it is of considerable advantage if this can be done, but to those who are unable to do this, the best advice is to make the first application four days after the plants are set out, followed by two more treatments at weekly intervals.If seed beds are unprotected, the young plants are just as liable to attack as those set out in the field.This may be remedied by watering the seedlings with corrosive sublimate as already explained, making three applications, the first not sooner than four days after the plants come through the poil.The séed bed may also be screened with cheesecloth, but this has a tendency to draw the plants.The cabbage maggot also attacks radishes.If treated in time, however, the foregoing directions are satisfactory, but once the maggot gets into the radish, it is impossible to control it.It should be remembered that corrosive sublimate is a deadly poison, When mixing it, wooden containers should be used, as if allowed to stand in metal vessels, it quickly eats through them.Metal containers, such as the ordinary watering can with the sprinkler removed, are usually used in making the application, and they will last much longer if the insides are treated with equal parts of tallow and rosin, mixed together and applied hot.Corrosive sublimate not only controls the maggot, but acts as a stimulant to the plants.Treated and untreated plots, growing side by side, can be distinguished from some distance away, in that the plants in the former are of a darker colour, and the heads are of a greater weight when harvested.W.E.W.15 Done cios/s 0 Goccidiosis Alex.D.Baker, Department of Entomolo gy and Zoology, Macdonald College, Que.OCCIDIOSIS (of all domesticated birds, and particularly of growing chickens and pigeons) is rightly regarded as one of the most important infectious poultry diseases occurring in the United States and Canada.The greatest loss occurs in chicks up to 4-6 weeks of age, and in young infected flocks the mortality sometimes reaches 100%.This disease is quite prevalent in this province, The cause of this disease, which is variously known under the names of coccidial enteritis, bloody diarrhea, avian coccidiosis, ete., is a microscopic parasite called Eimeria avium (or Coccidium avium).It is round to ovalshaped, invisible to the naked eye and reproduces by simple division as well as by sexual processes, It is a parasite which locates itself within the lining cells of the intestinal walls, When chicks develop bloody diarrhea this trouble should always be suspected.Affected birds stand with wings drooping, do not eat and stand with their eyes closed for long periods unless disturbed.Microscopic examinations of the droppings or scrapings made from the bowels of killed birds are necessary in order to make determination certain, as the parasites are extremely small.The heaviest mortality occurs in chicks, and in such birds the parasite is found located chiefly in the caeca (or blind sacs of the intestine), the walls of which often become considerably injured.Occasionally the liver is involved, as indicated by the presence of small whitish-yellow specks on its surface.So far as is known, the species of coccidium attacking poultry is not capable of living in other farm animals.Older birds also suffer from this disease where, when present, it usually appears in a chronic form, and the mortality is not so great.In these older birds the coccidial lesions are confined mainly to the small intestine.The caeca rarely show any marked change, While the death rate is much lower than with younger birds, general physiological disturbances are often evident.Infection of a bird occurs through ingestion of the \u201cegg\u201d of the parasite, This must have reached the infective stage before infection can occur.On being taken up with the food, ete., crescent-shaped bodies (the sporozoites) are set free within the intestine.These pierce the cellular lining of the walls of the alimentary tract, chiefly those of the cecal lining in young chicks.A sexual reproduction (or schizogony) occurs later, and the parasites may migrate from cell to cell, greatly damaging the walls of the caeca, which become discolored, and the inner lining may slough off.Blood stained droppings are usually in evidence at this time.At some time after the above cycle has become well established, sexual products are formed which lead to a different cycle of development.The male parasite can be differentiated from the female.These are the sexual individuals, which, after fertilization of the macrogamete, (female) result in the oocyte (new individual).These latter bodies become encysted and pass out with the droppings of the host.This is the stage which has been previously referred to as the \u201cegg\u201d stage.Subsequent development depends on conditions encountered, but generally within a week (or a minimum of 24 hours) the small crescent shaped bodies (the sporozoites) have been formed, and the parasites are ready to continue their activities in some other bird.Previous to this latter stage the eggs are non-infective.This disease is self-limiting.If the birds could be protected from re-infection they would gradually clear themselves of the parasites, i.e., the coccidia.After going through the changes described above, these complete their life cycle and pass out of the bird with the droppings.It is interesting to note that this also occurs quite frequently when a bird is on the point of death.Postmortem examinations may not disclose any coccidia, even though it is quite plain that the bird has died through their activities.For this reason, exact determination of the cause of death may often be difficult.No certain cure of practical value is known for coccidiosis, Maintenance of dryness and the frequent removal of droppings will save a considerable percentage of the chicks, however.The parasite \u201ceggs\u201d are destroyed by exposure to direct sunlight, and heat above 45° C is fatal.The majority of birds that survive the first ten days of the disease may be expected to recover, and those that do survive are often resistant to subsequent infection.This applies particularly to young chicks.It has been found that practically all losses from this disease occur between the 6th and 15th day after inoculation (Corl and Beach).Experiments in Ohio showed a death rate of healthy chicks exposed to infection of 429% when they were kept on a cement floor and of none when kept on a netting floor (droppings would pass beyond the reach of the chicks).This showed clearly the chief agency of infection .Other investigators (Beach and Davis) recommend feeding chicks a mash containing 40% of dry skim milk for about two weeks during an outbreak of this disease.The effect of the milk feeding is to change the degree of acidity found in the contents.of the caeca.This appears to be entirely due to the lactose found in milk products.Buttermilk has also been recommended, and whole milk may be of value.Change the ranging ground and cages frequently when this disease appears, and quarantine infected birds.The infection of older birds is not as severe, but their possible role as carriers must be borne in mind.TRI TIN Tes wi Ve Ld AA TI CRI a a MRT I TE 180 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE GREEN DUCK PRODUCTION By W.A.Maw, Poultry Dept., Macdonald College.HE green duck is a delicacy much preferred to adult duck as a product for roasting for the table, A green duck is the duckling properly fed for rapid maturity in size and fleshing at an age of from ten to twelve weeks.In order to attain such development, proper feeding and management is necessary.The duckling is timid and will not eat when being watched by the feeder.Ducklings are shy and do not come forward to eat and drink as they should.This point is very important, as our method of feeding is to feed only that amount which will be taken quickly in a certain given time.The balance is then removed from the troughs, thereby keeping the ducklings slightly hungry in order to ensure a keen appetite at the next feeding period.The ducklings, when hatched in incubators, are handled much the same as baby chicks, in that they are not fed for at least forty-cight to sixty hours.Ducklings, being water fowl, naturally take to water, but if rapid growth is wanted no water is allowed for swimming purposes, although an abundance of fresh drinking water is kept before them at all times, Always make sure that the drinking pan is deep cnough for the duckling to get the full face and bill into the water, as it wants to keep the nostrils clear of food which may fill them when scooping up the moist mashes.Fresh water is given at each feeding period.The following method of feeding is one that is uscd extensively by the commercial duck producers and which has proved to be the best known, and used, on the Macdonald College Poultry plant.Feed five times daily for the first three weeks.All rations are fed in a moist condition, only an amount given such as the ducklings may clean up eagerly, never allowing any to remain on the boards or in the troughs between feeding periods.Feed boards are uscd when the ducklings are under two weeks of age.A flat board with an edging about one inch high, and having sufficient space for all the ducklings in the lot to feed at one time, is found to be most satisfactory.Later, a small trough is used.lave the drinking founts close to the feeding boards, as the ducklings will take a mouthful of mash and then go for a drink of water, repeating this over and over as they feed.Since they puddle in the water, it soon becomes dirty and must be re- freshened at cach feeding period.Ducks consume a great quantity of green food.It is very essential that we put the green food in the ration to ensure them getting sufficient.The same holds true with the grit.The rations which follow contain the proportions of cach ingredient by weight as well as by bulk so that they can be made up by anyone if scales are not at hand.Mcthod of Feeding : Feed five times daily for first three weeks, all mashes fed in a crumbly state being moistened with water, No.1 Feed \u2014 Fed first two days.By Weight By Measure 4 lbs.1 part Rolled oats.G lbs, 1 part 3rcad crumbs, 1% 1b.5% Chick grit.No.2 Iced \u2014 Fed from 3rd.to Sth, day.By Weight By Measure 2 bs.1 part Rolled oats.21 lbs.1 part Bread crumbs.1% lbs.1 part Bran.4 lbs, 1 part Cornmeal, 1% lb.5% Grit.No.3 Feed \u2014 Fed from Sth.day to 8th.week.Beginning 4th.week \u2014 feed four times daily By Weight By Measure 6 lbs.1 part Bran.16 lbs.1 part Cornmeal, 2 lbs.10% Wheat middlings.10% Green food.1 lb, 5% Beef scraps.14 1b.19 Grit, No.4 Feed \u2014 TFattening Ration By Weight By Measure 12 lbs, 3 parts Cornmeal.4 lbs.1 part Wheat middlings, 3 lbs.34 part Becf scraps.Je lb.3% Oyster shell and grit.Green food.Feed three times daily.First two feeds light and last one heavy.Water before feeding.Change water often.Moisten all feed with water until crumbly.Ducklings mature in body and feather for killing at an age of from ten to twelve weeks.Just as soon as the feathers are mature and the new feathers are ready to start their growth, it is time to kill and dress the ducklings.If they are held after this period in their development they will lose quality in flesh, and weight in body.It is equally as important to know when they are ready to market as it is to know how to feed for rapid growth and development, If the ducklings are marketed at the proper time, they will yield a good profit on the feed and labour spent in rearing them, but if kept after that time of maturity all feed consumed is a direct loss.If some ducklings are being kept for breeders they are separated from the fattening stock at the beginning of the eighth week and allowed free range.Ducklings should be hatched early, fed carefully, and marketed at the proper stage of maturity if they are to show a profit on their cost of production.A Simple Method of Eliminating The Cull Hen W.A.Maw HIRTY percent of the hens on the farms of | Quebec are culls.The percentage varies from six to nearly fifty percent, Which class is your flock in ?Are you making any attempt to get rid of the non-layers, or are you allowing them to eat up the profits made by the good layers ?The majority of the farmers are unable to call.Yet a little practice, following the simple rules outlined below, will enable one to readily distinguish between the good layers and the culls.Culling should be practised throughout the entire year for best results, while the most satisfactory time for a general flock culling is July and August.Prices for poultry are always higher in July and August, and, in addition, the sooner the flock is culled the greater will be the saving in feed costs, ete.In general, cull out all weak birds or sick birds; birds with crooked beaks, blind birds, and birds with overhanging eyelids so that they cannot eat properly.In fact, get rid of all abnormal birds.The following chart serves as a guide for all culling, CULLING GUIDE FOR FALL Indications High Producer Low Producer Ragged, worn, Moulting in July.not moulting August and Septem- before October ber.1.Wide apart, Close together, hard soft, pliable.and rigid.Plumage Pelvic bones Vent White, dilated, Shrunken, dry, moist.yellow, Eyes Bright, promi- Dull, sunken, nent, set well turning in toward apart.back, Eye ring White.Yellow.Beak White.Yellow.Face Lean, free Fleshy and yellow.from yellow colour.Shanks White, thin Yellow, round and and flat.full.Skin Thin, soft and Thick, dry, underlaid pliable.with fat.Body Deep, both Shallow and round.front and rear.Abdomen Deep, full, soft.Shallow or full of hard fat.Allowance must be made for hens which have been broody or have raised a brood of chicks during the year.The housing and management of the flock must be known to cull successfully.The age of the bird is a determining factor in culling.Do not use any one point as a positive indication, but by combining these points and studying the birds one will soon be able to pick out the culls quite easily, ADVANTAGES OF CULLING 1.Reduces the cost of feed, or, in other words, the cost of egg production, 2.Eliminates poor layers and increases the flock average production, 3.More housing space is afforded for the layers.4.Enables the farmer to select for breeders the continuous and heavy laying females.5.Individual handling and examination of the females is available in making up breeding pens later.6.Reduces the danger of disease outbreaks by noting and removing sick birds from the flock.7.Economy in production should be our motto.June Poultry Suggestions Producing Summer Eggs : HE poultryman who is building up a trade for T quality products must have a continuous supply of fresh eggs.The problems connected with furnishing these eggs vary with the season.The producer who must furnish a stated number of eggs weekly finds that there is often trouble during the late summer in obtaining a supply large enough to fill his orders.One method of avoiding this is to hatch some early chickens that will come into production in August.These birds lay heavily until the cold weather commences and then go into a molt which gives them a rest during the winter.The following spring they can be used for the production of hatching eggs.By the time these early pullets cease laying the later birds that will be depended upon for winter eggs are coming into production, with the result that there is a steady supply of eggs throughout the later summer, fall and winter.When the problem of quantity has been solved, care must be taken to assure high quality in the eggs sold.During the warm weather deterioration quickly takes place in eggs that are produced and handled carelessly, The first step in the production of high quality eggs in the summer is the removal of all males from the laying pens, A fertile egg will deteriorate much more quickly than an infertile one, since development of the embroyo takes place whenever the temperature is over seventy.Warm weather and other hens laying in a nest where there is a fertile egg will start the growth of the embroyo.I'or this reason broody hens should be penned up as soon as they are found, to prevent their setting on eggs that have been laid by other hens.Clean eggs keep better and look better than dirty ones.An egg that has been washed will spoil much more quickly than one that it has not been necessary to wet or rub.Dirty eggs are best used at home, but by proper management of the henhouse it is unnecessary to produce many such eggs.When the weather is wet, the feet of the hens become muddy and unless the litter on the floor of the henhouse and the material in the nests are clean this mud soils the eggs.If the hen has to walk through clean litter before reaching the nest her feet are cleaned and soiled eggs prevented.Change the nesting material before it becomes dirty.Finally, gather the eggs twice a day and market them twice a week, When holding eggs, put them in a cool, dry place.The cellar is usually the best place to hold eggs if it is not too damp or musty.Storing Feed: The effect of spoiled feed upon the health and production of hens is sudden and very harmful.Heating and wetting are two of the most usual causes of the spoilage of feed, By placing two rows of two by fours under the tiers of sacks, the grain is held away from the floor, thus allowing the air to circulate and reduce heating.Holding the grain away from the floor helps to prevent wetting, especially on earth or concrete floors, since moisture often seeps through floors of this type.Each tier of sacks should be separated from the next one by a few inches to let the air circulate, A leaky roof will naturally cause wetting and should be attended to at once.If grain is held too long, it is more liable to spoilage than fresh feed, consequently care should always be taken to put the oldest grain where it will be used first.Rats cause considerable damage in grain store houses but a good cat will help to eliminate this trouble.If you leave room under and between the rows of sacks, the cat can follow the rats when they are on their marauding expeditions.A family of rats will eat and destroy enough grain in a year to support fifty hens or more.Extension Poultry Husbandman, Macdonald College, P.Que.There are several hens in America which have laid over 1,000 eggs.A good dust bath does much to maintain the health of fowls by keeping the vermin in check. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 181 Among Farm and Village Home Plantings in June By C.E.Russell, Dep\u2019t of Horticulture, Macdonald College.T is important that much care be given the plantings during this time of the year.It is about the time when work previously done is beginning to yield its beauty in flowers.To carry the home grounds on to a successful fulfilment of its possibilities there is much to do in June.Lawns.Lawns divide themselves into two groups \u2014those which have been planted this past spring, and well established ones.In the case of the new lawn, it will be doubly necessary that water be supplied in time of drought.The correct way to apply water to any lawn (either young or old) is to give it a good soaking about once a week, So often people sprinkle a little every night and consider they are giving sufficient water.Such a treatment causes new roots to be grown near the surface of the ground at a place where a few days of drought will do great damage.If occasional good soakings have been given, new roots will have developed well down in the ground and a few days of drought will do no harm, The first cutting of the new lawn should be made when the young grass has made a growth of about four inches.At this cutting a scythe is the preferable tool.A lawn mower\u2014especially a dull one\u2014 is apt to pull the young plants from the soil.The best interval to allow between mowings of both new and established lawns is one week.This gives fine enough clippings that they may be left on the ground, and the fertility will not be decreased so rapidly.The lawn should be rolled frequently\u2014this applies to both young and established ones.In case that operation was neglected last month, it should be - begun immediately and carried on throughout the remainder of the season.Watering and Cultivation.These two operations are quite alike in effect, as each increases the moisture content.As cultivation gets rid of weeds, it preserves moisture by preventing weeds taking up the water and by establishing a mulch which prevents evaporation.In times of drought the hoe should be kept busy among the flowers and shrubs.A rake does not establish a deep enough mulch to pay for using that implement.The flowers in the border should have the earth about them stirred frequently.If water is available, the same rule of application holds as in the case of the lawn\u2014one good soaking a week.For most plants (except roses) the best time to water is in the late afternoon.Then by morning the surface will be dry enough to begin hoeing.Roses should be watered in the morning that they may dry off before night.This decreases the danger from mildew.The Dahlia should not be allowed to suffer from lack of water, as it is among the plants which particularly need water.The iris is another plant too frequently neglected.So often it is forgotten as soon as it has gone out of bloom.It should get frequent and thorough waterings after that time.Trees and shrubs which were planted this spring should have careful attention given to their water requirements.They, also, should be cultivated regularly or mulched with well rotted Fig.2.The wrong and right way of staking herbaceous perennials.weeded and cultivated.So often the thinning is neglected, and the plants, suffering from over crowding, are unable to produce the best blooms.Plants which will eventually be tall should be thinned to a distance of 9 to 12 inches apart.Smaller ones should be proportionally closer together.At this time the cultivation and weeding should be thoroughly done, for soon the plants will be too close to permit these operations.In case no annuals have been sown in the borders and none are available for bedding out, there are a few quick-growing annuals which could be planted immediately.These would still grow from seed and produce late summer and fall bloom enough to pay for the trouble.Those which are suitable for planting now are: Mignonette, Candy- tuft, Zinnia, Late Flowering Aster, Balsam, Annual Lupine, California Poppy, Calendula, Cosmos, Everlasting (Straw Flower), Nasturtium, Annual Poppy and Marigold.June is the month for out-door sowing of the seed of hardy perennials for flowering next year.At the time of planting the seed a thorough watering should be given.As soon as the seedlings are up, shading should be furnished them by a covering of cheese cloth.Later in the summer these should be transplanted and then fall-set to their permanent positions in the border.Pruning.There are many shrubs (Lilac and Spirea as examples) which, after their flowering season, should be pruned.The pruning of the shrubs whose fruits are ornamental should be delayed until spring; however, those whose fruits are unsightly should be pruned immediately after the flowering season.This not only gets rid of the unsightly fruits but opens up the plant and gives the sun a chance to produce more vigorous growth, Pruning at this time of the year should follow the established rules: removal of oldest, weak, crooked and crossing woods.Staking.Many herbaceous perennials of considerable height will need supporting.Dahlia and Larkspur are examples of these, Figure 2 shows the correct and incorrect ways of staking.The stake should be painted green so to be as inconspicuous as possible.The Gladiola should also be given support, especially if they are in a position exposed to winds.A single wire will be sufficient.To get the most satisfactory results with annual climbers such as Runner Bean, Morning Glory, Tall Nasturtium, Canary Creeper and others, they also should be furnished support of some kind.If such has not already been given them, it should be done at once.Fertilization.Many flowering plants show quick responses to fertilizers, especially nitrogen.As Roses begin to bloom, a liquid fertilizer made from stable drainings diluted with water will give good results.An application a week is recommended.If the drainings are not available, nitrate of soda may be substituted at the rate of one tablespoon per bush every few weeks.After the blooming period of the Iris is over an application of bone meal or wood ashes causes increased growth.One tablespoon of the bone meal per square yard is considered a good application, Spraying and Dusting.The Snowball bushes should be watched for infections of aphids.If present they should be sprayed with nicotine sulfate (Black Leaf 40) before the leaves curl.Later applications may also be necessary.While the roses here are not overly susceptible to mildew, yet in some seasons this fungus causes trouble.A sudden change from warm to cool damp weather is especially favorable for the development of mildew.If it begins to appear, dust with flowers of sulfur or dusting sulfur.If no dust gun is available, merely place the sulfur in a piece of cheese cloth and sift on the plants, The foliage need not be wet.Sulfur is only a preventative of mildew, so it is necessary to get the disease in its very early stages.Diseases of Roses and Their Control OSES are subject to several fungous diseases, the two most serious being blackspot and mildew, To control these diseases it is necessary in the first place to supply the plants with the best possible conditions of growth.All affected plants should be removed and burned, and the soil in which diseased plants have grown should either be avoided for roses in the future, or sterilized with steam or formalin.The next step is the application of fungicides in order to protect the plants from infection or tc control any disease which may have appeared.The kinds of fungicides to use and the methods of applying them form the subject of a section in a Dominion Department of Agriculture bulletin entitled Hardy Roses.According to the bulletin it is important that the fungicide used be a substance which is efficient as a protection against fungous attack and at the same time is as inconspicuous as possible.The fun- manure, leaves or straw.Newly set evergreen trees are especially difficult to bring through a dry spell unless much attention is given.Even with a mulch it may be necessary to supply them with water.Flowers.This is the time for bedding out such plants as Snapdragon, Pink, Phlox, Stock, Verbena, Balsam, Begonia, Petunia and Zinnia.If such have not been raised in the greenhouse or window box, one may be able to get them from some one who raises them to sell.In placing these in the border or beds, the plants of each species may well be arranged in natural clumps of about two feet in diameter.This will give a natural effect in contrast to the formal bed shown in Figure 1.; As soon as the early flowering bulbs have become dormant, the unsightly dead growth should be removed from the border.It is well to stake or label the locations of the bulbs that they will not be injured by future cultivations.The young annual plants in the gicide that best fills these requirements is a dust composed of flowers of sulphur and arsenate of lead made up-in the proportion of nine parts of flowers of sulphur to one part of arsenate of lead.These constituents should be sufficiently fine to allow 98 per cent of the mixture to pass through a 200-mesh seive.A hand duster may be used to apply the fungicide.Early in the morning, when the dew is on the plants, is the best time to dust.The first application should be made before the appearance of any disease, that is, soon after the first leaves have expanded.In some seasons one or two dustings will be sufficient, but in others, when disease is prevalent, it may be necessary to make five or six applications some of them at intervals of 9 days or oftener.The bulletin, which contains a great deal of information on rose growing, may be obtained border which have grown from seed planted last month should be thinned, Fig.1.Coleus, Geranium and Canna used for bedding out in a formal bed.- from the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.sume hese hy ne RES 1 Hesse re ss as.05 Enr ds 182 LAUNDERING SUMMER DRESSES By Jeanette Babb, School of Household Science, Macdonald College.S there anything more beautiful on earth than a lovely oldfashioned flower garden with its variety of gay color ?The summer frocks of today with all their beautiful pastel shades are just as lovely, provided they are kept that way.Flowers must be carefully watered and looked after to have their beauty continue; likewise frocks must be perfectly laundered if they are to remain a delight.If improperly done, they can be just as unattractive as a garden full of weeds and shrivelled up from lack of moisture.The variety of materials as well as the colors make the problem of renewal quite a varied one to-day.We have ginghams, chambrays, muslins and Peter Pan cloth, fugi silks and the new artificial silks among them.The latter require quite different treatment from the former.Our aim is to remove the soil and preserve the natural appearance.One great essential is rapidity of work.To insure this, have all the supplies on hand before beginning to launder these dainty dresses.Is the color fast or loose ?Fast colors do not require such careful handling as loose colors.Fast colors, such as good ginghams, chambrays and Peter Pan materials, may be washed together in the washing machine provided a mild melted soap (such as Castile or Ivory), borax for softening the water if hard, and lukewarm temperature is used, The water should never be over 100° F.Follow this by three or four rinses in clear cool water.These materials may be stiffened slightly, if so desired, by the addition of thick starch in the last rinse water, Hang in the shade to dry, and when almost dry iron on the wrong side of the garment with a moderately warm iron.Finish all seams, hems, trimmings, pockets, etc., on the right side with a cooler iron.If the dress is trimmed with buttons, fold a bath towel in several thicknesses\u2014the larger the buttons the thicker the fold place the fold under the buttons and iron over the back of the buttons until dry.Bias folds should be ironed straight with the threads to prevent wrinkles.Tucks should be stretched out and held firmly with one hand, placing the point of the iron on the other end and ironing towards the hand without lifting the iron.Iron the sleeves first, then the shoulders, upper part of back and front over the pointed end of the skirt board.This part of the garment may then be left loose over the end of the skirt board while the other part of the garment is finished.This prevents creasing.To look well when finished, dresses must be ironed until dry; otherwise they wrinkle and look unironed in the end.Place on a hanger to air.Fugi silks are usually quite fast in color and are easily washed, They are more easily ironed if hung up until nearly dry.These rarely ever require the use of a mordant, Colored garments should never be rubbed or have soap rubbed directly on them, Use a good live suds for them.They should not be soaked but washed and dried as quickly as possible.They should not be allowed to become very soiled before laundering.If very soiled they will require two wash waters.All new garments should be put in cool water for ten or fifteen minutes before washing to remove the dressing.Otherwise it wastes the soap and prevents it from removing the soil.Thorough rinsing insures the removal of every trace of alkali left from the soap.If not removed, it may be responsible for the fading of color when the garment is again worn in the sun.It is wise to remove grease spots with benzine, gasoline or Carbona before washing, particularly in the case of delicate and loose colors.For fast colors one may use warmer water and more soap on the grease spots before wetting the whole garment.If this is not done before washing, they cannot be found when the garment is all wet and will not be removed, as the water for loose colors is not warm enough to remove grease.Soiled spots on the collars and cuffs may be removed by placing them on a flat surface and rubbing them with melted soap and the tips of the fingers.Loose colored garments should be soaked in a mordant of either salt, vinegar, alum or Epsom Salts\u2014the looser the color the stronger the mordant.If possible, soak in the mordant for twenty to thirty minutes, wring out and hang to dry before washing, If they cannot be dried, rinse thoroughly in cold soft water to remove all traces of the mordant.After the garment has been washed and thoroughly rinsed it may have a second mordant put in the last rinse water to again set the color.Then put through the wringer several times and roll sandwich fashion in an old sheet or flannelette blanket or bath towel.Remove as much moisture as possible by patting, and dry in a good breeze.Hang the garments as nearly as possible in the way they are worn.Each garment should be washed separately.Colored linens respond much better to a bran wash.In this case take one quart of bran to four quarts of cold water, put in a saucepan, bring to boiling point \u2018and simmer for twenty minutes.Strain through a sieve and then through a double thickness of cheesecloth.Make enough to wash and rinse the garments.The bran water may be made the previous day, and ordinary feeding bran may be used.It should be diluted with an equal amount of water for rinsing, If the garment is very soiled a small amount of mild melted soap may be added to the wash water.Wash in lukewarm bran water and rinse in diluted bran water.For loose and delicate colors one may use soap bark in place of soap.It may be purchased at any laundry house or at a drug store.Put the soap bark in a saucepan, using one cup of soap bark to one gallon of water, and make as bran water.\u2018Starch water is also good for loose colors, especially voiles and thinner materials.Make a thick starch, using one cup of starch to two quarts of boiling water, let cool to the proper temperature and wash the garment in it by squeezing.A little mild melted soap may be added, as in the case of the bran water.Rice water has the same effect on the color.Boil one pound of rice in one gallon of water, but do not let the rice kernels get soft.When sufficiently cool to use, turn the rice water into a basin without straining and wash the articles in it.The kernels supply the friction which removes the soil.Rinse in clear water.Old Quebec.The new artificial silks, such as rayon and celanese, have one peculiar characteristic \u2014 the fibres are weakened when wet although very strong when dry, Ifstitches are dropped in the weave they must be mended at once.Like silks they wear well, look well and the colors are quite fast and attractive.They do not soil easily, are comfortable and convenient.They can also be bought in so many different weights, weaves and fabrics as knitted or woven, ninon, georgette, etc.The fibres are so smooth that they shed the soil easily.In washing these materials, like silks they must never be rubbed.Squeeze them in good live suds in lukewarm soft water, supporting the whole garment in the hands at one time.Remove all possible water by gentle squeezing in the hands, then roll sandwich fashion in a bath towel or flannelette blanket and pat out as much water as possible.After gently shaping, spread on a flat sunface to dry.A screen is a good thing to place them on, or they may be placed on a clean sheet on the grass in the shade.When almost dry, press on the wrong side with as cool an iron as possible.Do not allow rayon garments to become too soiled but launder frequently.Iron straight with the weave of the material, If thoroughly dry, cover with a damp smooth cotton cloth and iron with a hotter iron.Summary :\u2014 .Avoid high heat in washing, drying and ironing.Use only a mild soap and in the melted form.Wash quickly, and dry quickly.Use only borax for softening the water.Rinse thoroughly to remove all traces of alkali.Do not rub or twist but squeeze gently and pat.Use a moderate iron and iron on the wrong side of the garment, finishing on the right side with a cooler iron, 8.Rayons, etc.,, must be supported while wet and dried on a flat surface.Noe oom THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 9.The looser the color, the cooler the water and quicker one needs to work; also use a mordant in the last rinse water and dry as quickly as possible, Pie Plant HILE it is really a vegetable, pie plant or rhubarb is served as a fruit.But it belongs to Nature's tonics just the same.It can be served in so many ways that it need never become monotonous.Stewed, baked with raisins, as a gelatine, combined with tapioca, or in the form of a shortcake, pie, or dumplings, it is delicious.Rhubarb Tapioca 6 tablespoons tapioea 1% cups sugar 2, cups boiling water 3 cups diced rhubarb 14, teaspoon salt Add the boiling water and salt to the granulated tapioca, and let it cook over direct heat about ten minutes, then in a double boiler until transparent.Place the rhubarb, tapioca, and sugar in a buttered baking dish, and bake in a hot oven until the rhubarb is soft.Rhubarb Gelatine 21, cups stewed rhubarb 2 tablespoons gelatine 1 cup granulated sugar VY: cup cold water 1 cup whipped cream Soak the gelatine in the cold water about five minutes.Heat the rhubarb with the sugar, and in this dissolve the soaked gelatine, Let the mixture cool, stirring it at intervals.When it begins to stiffen beat it with a Dover beater, Fold in the whipped eream.Pour it into a serving dish, or into a baked pastry shell.Rhubarb Pie 1 2 tablespoons flour 14 teaspoon salt 2 eggs 1 teaspoon lemon juice 1 cup milk 2 tablespoons powered sugar Without adding any water, cook the rhubarb in a double boiler, When soft, add three quarters of the sugar and let the mixture cool.Make a paste of the flour and milk, Beat the remaining sugar with the yolks, add the flour and milk, lemon juice, and rhubarb.Pour it into a deep rimmed pie plate lined with pastry.Bake at 450° F.(hot oven) for ten minutes, and at 325° F.(moderate ovenc for twenty-five minutes.Cover with a meringue made with the egg whites and powdered sugar, and return it to the oven until brown.2 cups diced rhubarb 1 cup sugar Rhubarb Pie 2 144 cups rhubarb 1 egg 1 cup sugar 2 tablespoons flour Wash and cut the rhubarb in one-inch pieces before measuring.Sift the sugar and flour together, and add to the beaten egg.Combine the mixture with the rhubarb, and make into a pie with a upper crust.Rhubarb and Raisin Pie 3 cups rhubarb 1 cup raisins 4 rolled crackers 2 eggs 2Y, cups sugar Combine the diced rhubarb, sugar, raisins, crackers, and beaten egg.Pour the mixture into a pastry lined pie plate, cover with pie crust in lattice fashion, and bake, This recipe makes enough for two pies.Dumplings Roll a rich biscuit dough to about one-quarter inch thickness.Cut in four inch squares, and on each place a combination of chopped sweetened raw rhubarb, and cooked pineapple.Fold up the edges, press together, and bake for about thirty minutes.Serve with any desired sauce.Rhubarb Sauce There are various ways of making sauce, but the following two can be recommended.Wash the rhubarb and cut it into one inch pieces.Cook these in the top of a double boiler until soft, stirring occasionally.When cooked, sweeten to taste.About one-third to one-half cup of sugar to each cup of sauce is a good proportion.Another method is to use one-third cup of sugar for each cup of uncooked rhubarb, Sprinkle the sugar over the rhubarb and let it stand until the .sugar is moist with the juice.Cook slowly on the back of the range until tender.Baked Rhubarb and Rasins 1 cup raisins 2 boili t 2 lbs.rhubarb 14 cups sugar water Cut the rhubarb in pieces, combine with the raisins and water, and bake in a covered dish.When about half done add the sugar.Spiced Rhubarb 5 cups diced rhubarb 3 cups sugar 1 cup cider /vinegar 1 teaspoon cinnamon 1 teaspoon cloves Cook the rhubarb in the vinegar until soft.Add \u2014- THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 183 the sugar and spices, and let the mixture simmer until the consistency of marmalade.Rhubarb Conserve 2 Ibs.rhubarb Ye cup water 2 oranges % lb.raisins 2 lbs.sugar Vo lb.walnuts.Wash the rhubarb and cut it into small pieces.Slice the oranges rind and all.Mix the rhubarb, oranges, sugar, raisins, and water, and let it boil over a low fire until the consistency of marmalade.Scald the nuts, chop them and add to the conserve ten minutes before removing from the fire.Pour into hot jars and seal at once.Rhubarb Catsup 1 tablespoon salt 1 teaspoon ginger 1 teaspeon cinnamon 1 teaspoon allspice 1 teaspoon cloves Cook all the ingredients together until the desired consistency is obtained.Pour into hot jars and seal.Rhubarb Marmalade 3 cups rhubarb 1 1b.rhubarb 1 qt.chopped onions 1 pt.vinegar Ye Ib.brown sugar 3 oranges 114 cups sugar Cut the rhubarb in inch pieces, Slice the pulp and rind of the oranges.Boil all the ingredients together until of the desired consistency.M.H.nave, for the time being at least, said goodbye to the city, and to the country I have again returned.It was evident, I am sure, to any one who followed me on my travels and kept in touch with me from month to month, that this was but an expected and.almost inevitable happening.Not that it could be truly said that I was not happy there, for who is there that cannot find the breadth and variation of city life sufficient to recompense him for loss of many other things ?Rather was it my nature, or to speak more correctly, my upbringing that took me constantly back to the environment which in the city I could not find, There was nothing in my city experience that could cause me to be ungrateful or that would allow me to speak in a belittling way of anything I found there.I was comfortable\u2014and we humans are not so very different from the farm animals that inhabit our barns and stables, who seldom murmur or complain if consistently well cared for.Too often the humans who provide this animal comfort are themselves without the most essential creature comforts, and for this reason I appreciated the city and its ways much more, It is well to state here that I did not leave the city of my own accord, for I know that more than one toiling farmer man, weary of the open places, would think but little of my wisdom; besides, it is a matter of some satisfaction to have position and be so situated as to obtain from pleasant work that money requirement which very few of us may not be concerned about.Yet when the change had to be made, it was with a sense of gladness that I came back to the quiet of country, and my material loss did not weigh upon me as it might otherwise have done, Thus it has been my pleasure to walk again in restful places, along narrow brown roadways, none too smooth, by the side of which grew delicate flowers in lavish abundance.All my vision was filled with the new creation that was breaking forth upon the world.I could not look to the right or left, far or near, without seeing the new adornment.It was to me as the solace of a great cathedral, whose walls so strong, and doors that folded close, shut out the tumult of the street.Likewise was this a temple, though without the walls and doors, that remained always beyond the wearying clamour, full of restoring calm.Perhaps my return would not have been so plasant had it not been springtime.In this respect I know I was fortunate, for the inclinations of most city dwellers turn eagerly to the joy of summer and the refreshing life by lakes and rivers at th's time of year.So I left behind me those whom it had been by pleasure to be associated with for a time, sitting at their desks a little regretful that the business of making a living kept them there.I was able to enjoy the country at this most pleasing time of year as few are privileged to do, for I had no occupation and little concern.I saw the ready fields calling for the sower, but none of these belonged to me.From my window I saw an eager husbandman work with haste such as one might employ in putting out a threatening fire, for the sky was dark and he raced with the elements.Following him with unhurried pace his helper came, but to me this meant no toil.I saw the cattle in little feeding groups spread out across the countryside, but none of them were mine, and I could not say that I was sorry.To do nothing and to have nothing to do, some writer has said, is an ideal state to be in sometimes, and I think it is an especially pleasing experience in the country at this time of year.Only a year ago I left the farm\u2014it seems much longer than that.In that little time I have lost in a measure that homestead habit that used to be so strong in me, though I still wish for a permanent abode that might become through years of association an endeared spot.To add little by little to some old house and the bit of ground around it some attraction of a nature that will make it more pleasing, that will make it above all other places the most to be desired, is surely an unquenchable flame flickering in the hearts of many men.Yet though the world is large and spacious, the habits of men are small and cramped so that the very desires of which they are so conscious and which stretch apparently so free around them may never become realities.So I have learned that one may live \u2018most anywhere\u2019 and enjoy a surprising measure of contentment as long as it is home.My choice as it is plain to see, is neither in the city nor yet altogether in the country, so I have gone back to that margin of which I wrote some time ago that lies between these two.I have become somewhat of a transient and live again in a new place.It is a quiet town through which on a number of occasions I had passed but never before had I reason to become acquainted with it, nor even to be interested in it.To me it seems strange now that I should call it home and think of it as such, but the shifting INDEX JULY 1927 TABLE OF CONTENTS A Agricultural Advisory Committee Meet at Macdonald .iii iis 140 Agriculture News, Department of .10 Alfalfa Seed Will be colored Red, Imported 110 Alfalfa Grown Profitably in Quebec\u2019 s 2.9 Animal Factory, The Operation of .65 Ants 400044 400 4 4 0 a 40 8e de a 4 a 0 44 ee ee aa 20 + 167 Apple in North America, Tihe Future of the 100 Apple l\u2019acking 120242002040 04 440 0 00 a 00» 33, 39 Apples, Handling, Picking and Packing .32 Apple Show Nov.10-15th .coven.24 Apple Exhibition of the Province of Quebec Annual oo.et re ei ees 71 Apples, Influence of Temperature on the Storage Life of .iii iiinnnens 95 Artificial Illumination .0484200 00100000 72 August Housekeeping (poem) .25 Autumn Care of the Garden .50 Ayrshire Field Day at Lennoxville .18 Ayrshire Men Meet in Toronto .128 Ayrshires shipped to B.C., Chuice Load of.157 B Bacon Hog.Finishing the .28 B.C.Bulbs of Excellent Quality .149 Bees Live During Winter?How .#3-IX Biddy oe eee 106 Borders on the Lawns, July Among the .8 Bovine Tuberculosis .ccivur.98 Boys\u2019 and Girls\u2019 Sheep Clubs .59B Bruising of livestock in Shipping, The.27 Butter Boxes, Investigation of Serviceability of Reinforced and Unreinforced .#1-VI Butter Fat Record for French Canadian Cattle, New 222444420424 1 4 a a en a 4 eue ne 82 C Calf Club Awards at Sherbrooke .#6 Calf Feeding Competitions for Boys and Girls 2222200 1e ea 0 a 04 La a a ea a sa aa aan» 155, 156 Calf Feeding with the Formation of a Dairy Herd as the Ultimate Aim .122 Calves Need Careful Attention, Young .126 Canadian Bacon Industry, Controlling Factors in the .iin.112 Canadian Cattle, New Record for .20, 47 Canadian Farming Since Confederation.3, 4 Canadian Fruit Crop Prospects .51 Canadianization\u2014the Task of Canadians.43 Canadian Handicrafts Guild Annual Exhibition .c.iii iia nnn 58 Canadian Handicrafts Guild Prize List.90 Canadian Hogs, Prospects for .97 Canadian Holstein News .0444.000000 159 Canadian Jersey Notes .#3-X, 83, 94, #8-V, 159 Canadian Pies 4.044420 0 0e ea ea ea aan + 58 Caron, Hon., Honoured .+40.0 000000 94 Chick Growth Under Indoor Conditions .165 Child Welfare, Recreation in .59 Chimes, The .2424 00064 e a a eee a eau 41 Chocolate Recipes, Some .coven.120 Christmas Candies .viiiiiineirennens 88 Christmas Time (poem) 87 Christmas Trees 44.204504 0 5 40 1 a 00000» 87 Clean Grounds for Chickens .27, 28 Clothes MOLhS .040 4000100 es es ae aa 0 + 168 Clover The «verte ete ene tiene 58 Cockerels, Expensive .4208440 005006 86 Confederation .i vivian.103, #7-V Cookies, Inexpensive .c.iivvvernan 74 Corn Borer Control in Quebec .128 Corn Borer in Quebec, The .0400040 97 Corn Borer, The European .+24405000 6 161 Corn Breeding, Modern Methods of .113, 114 Corn Crosses, Varietal .129 Couch Grass Eradication .15, 17 Creed of a Dairy Farmer .ccvvuenn 110 # (Note.\u2014Owing to lack of space we are not listing in this index the articles, etc, appearing in this (the June, 1928) number of the Journal.The foregoing pages will show the original titles and stories).effects of time change all circumstances, and destiny has no beaten track.So here I am.Yet it is an old town, and it is only I that am new.Some of the marks that make this place have been here a long long time, so long that no man may say when first they came, There is the winding river, serpent-like in its course, still flowing towards the sea, coming from the same unchanging source among the hills, Strange old wooden bridges span this river, built long ago by the pioneers of the land.On the banks nearby stand graceful walls whose windows look out upon the waters, and within are halls of learning where ardent youth seeks to discover what hidden truths it may not already know.They are dignified with age these things, almost ancient and antique in the modern life that sweeps about them, but how little the pleasant town would be without them, and I am glad that they are here.H.H, If you want to be miserable think about yourself.\u2014Chas.Kingsley.Modesty is to merit as shades to figures in a picture; giving it strength and beauty.La Bruyere.It is our business, as well as our civic duty, to give our forests adequate protection and provide for a systematic and scientific renewal of a forest growth on all soil mainly valuable for growing trees.\u2014Gifford Pinchot, TO JUNE 1928.# Culling, The Technique of Flock .10 CUtWOrms .20000 040400 ee ee a a a a a da 4» 162 D Dairy Situation in Quebec, The .79, 80 Danish Butter Requirements Less a 0 000000 ce 37 Danish Bacon Costs 0242000400 aa sa u 112 Danish Tactics Succeed .112 Department of' Agriculture of Dominion of Canada 224.000 4e LL ea aa a ea ea a a aan 6 52, 583 Disease, Effect Of .4220002 00 eau aa ane 135 Diseased Stock as Breeders, Avoid Using 101 E Economics of Dairy Farming, The .158, 159 Education in England .u.121 Education in Quebec .108 Egg Grading and Its Relative Effect on Increased Consumption of Eggs, Standardization .ii iii #3-VII Eggs, The Household Preservation of .Egg Industry, The .0400 00000000 es 165 Egg Quality, Select Stock for .101 Eggs for Supper L.20 04000 s sa a ea aa een à 167 Electricity on the Farm .16, 17 Epic of Pioneer Women Related .76 F Fairs for 1927 11.224122 1 0e aa ua sa aa nanas 32 Farm and Village Home Plantings .116, 15 149 Farm Flock, THe .44.1 0000 ana au 47 Farm Radio 0.204104 eee ea ae a ae ane» #1-VII Feed for Fertility and Hatchibility .10 Feed Requiremonts of Dairy Heifers Until Calving i.ii ie ee ees 2 Feed Shall I Buy ?What .ccovvunnnn.31, 146 Feeder Purchase Policy of Dominion Live Stock Branch .220000 een ee ne nca a nan 0 34 Feeding the Healthy Baby .\u2026.00.104, 119 Feeding Practice Hampered by Prejudices?Is OUD i i i ee a a a a ee eau ee 157 Feeding World Record Hens .ees ve 72 Fertilizers, Imported .0020000 0000000 59B Fixter, The late John .0ouuunn ee 82 Floor Coverings 102020204000 a ses a aa a eau à 11, 12 Flowers and Vegetables for the School Fair, Selecting and Preparing Exhibits of .Food Value Varies in Pasture Grasses .#10-XI Forage Crop Seeds, Essentials in Good .1 Forests of Quebec, The .RAR #4-IX French, The Study of .0210 0002040 .From Here and There .Cerra 82 From an Old Prayer .ccvvveennens 18 G Gale, Mr.F.Quebec Loses Outstanding Jersey Breeder in Passing of .94 (General-Purpose Horses, A Unique Breed of 56 Geology and Crops .\u2026.usa une» 68 Gray Days May Bring Gay Days ae scene 151 H Hay Markets Will Continue Poor .160 Herd Improvement, An Impetus to .96 High Quality Breeding Gilts Purchased by Quebec Farmers 040800000000 0e anne 160 High School Pupils, Concerning .123 Holiday Novelties .000404 00000 aa 0000 89 Holstein Fieldman for Eastern Canada, Report of 1.224450 0 0050000000 e .#9-XIIX Holstein Meeting in Montreal .110 Holsteins in Canada, Rapid Progress Made 127 Holstein Field Day at Lennoxville .18 Holstein Cattle, How I started the Breeding 30 Of i re eee aaa RER 1 Home Grounds in September, The .39 Home Life in Sweden .59b Honey at the Montreal Apple Show, Prizes Won for 444000000000 000 ace 0000 82 Horse, The Permanence of the .36 House at the End of the Untravelled Road, 64 IN AAA AAA AAA AR mer ra sc OÙ ÿ $ ¢ 184 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 1 Seeding and Transplanting .118 Grand Allee, Quebec .135 Sheep Situation, THe overnite einen 125 Harvest Days \u2018in the Highlands of Old \u2018 5 ; ; ; Sheep Industry, The .QUEDEC «ov ee ee 3 ' Immigration and Its Relation to the De- 59 Sifted Oat Chop for Little Pigs .112 Harvest Time on the Island of Montreal .23 Imperial Agricultural Research \u2018Conference 94 Soil Fertility in Apple Orchards .164 Harvest Scene .0o.e 114 Improved Quality Of Lambs .oeooo.59b Specialization in Agriculture .109, 110 Hatching Eggs at Different Stages .yy 142 Incubation and Brooding .] 141, 142 St.Patrick\u2019s Day .coin 137 Highland Maid, Senior & Grand Champion Inoculating Alfalfa and Clover Seeds cert \"161 Stallions Inspected and Recommended by Percheron at the 1927 C.N.E.,, owned by Insects Affecting Stored Grains Some.69 the Quebec Department of Agriculture 6.20, 59a, G.E.Arnold .eii iii a a ae eee 128 Inbreeding Dangerous, Close».ee 101 59h, 71, 153, 154, #10-TX, X, 169.170, #11-IX, X, XI Holiday Novelties .oooooo.89 Irish Free State Creamery Industry oo 9g Store Your Winter's Supply of Vegetables Hot Days are Seaside Days .42 Irish Government Purchases Creameries .97 g his Month .Cree 51 Houle, Mr.Geo.E.civ ivin.130 It Can Be Done ronson 127 5 rawberries, Why Not Try .163, 164 House at the End of the Untravelled Road Strawberries, Winter Protection of .106 The rite i esi it ee 57 SUCCESS 112244214144 6 A4 0 40 84 4e 1 es a aa ea ee 43 Household Shrine Maker, The (Japan) .87 J Summer Drinks .iia ae 25 Hydrangeas .euieeeeneeen ronan 23 Sun Spots Will Reach Maximum in 1928.98 Japanese ACtOrs 204400500444 010 eee ae 00 102 Japan, Jottings From .11, 24, 40, 87, 102 Supper Dishes over initio eee 151 Japanese Babies 012020200020 < 4 eee aa ee 11 Jersey Business Expanding Rapidly .128 \u201cSwat\u201d the Fly and Keep Well .150 Japanese China Store .1.2040200 00006 24 June Jersey Jubilee was Big Success .21 Sweden, Home Life in o.oo.44 Japanese Shoe Store .1202014 01012224 11 Japanese Wrestling Match, A .40 L T Lambkin Time\u201d vrei e teeta en 125 saurentian Lake 224000000083 a aa se La ee 1 Laugh 2200204044 a ea ae 0 ee a ea aa ce ee 00 118 moore 58 Leblanc, Mr, Romeo ,,.000000 cas eee 54 i Legume thoelation, he Puri of 1-2 rr, aL FANE Guicaiion Boil Sie of ihe \u201c46/74.78, 92,124 Pimberiné I Spe coo à Lonnoxville, hort Cour on Lila eee LL 24 \"A Things to Try, The SL CAN 102 Macdonald College Diploma Course Class.95 E Live Stock at Sherbrooke Fair .48 Topacee Jor, the Biovings of Quebec, 99 Macdonald Lake\u2014In the Laurentians = vie Son W vailey field \u201cThe ol 162 Tomato Growing, Profitable .99 Macdonald Lake \u2014 In The Lanontispiece, uly, 1 : Long-Row Farm Garden, e cette Transfer of Cheese Factory and Creamery oo Tunch BOXES + vse enevne eee eee 42 Resistr - Haclo \u2014r Macdonald Lake, View of .32 registry when Ownership Changes .27 Mazog River on a Frosty Morning .\u2026.135 M lurnips Increase Milk Production .29 Market Lambs at Sherbrooke .48 Matted Row System of Growing Straw- a Macdonald College\u2014After Twenty Years.84, 13 U Mie Betty Ll 104 5 Mackay Peas 2.202000 0 104044 ae ea a ae eee I _ ana Henn Meth tT & Made in Canada Goods, A Plea for .168 United States Federal Import Act, The .70 Sréditerrancan Flour Moth, \u2018College : : ; ; a o 5 Malting Barley eer eee eee eee aes 146 Montreal 101 # Manure and Commercial Fertilizer in the Vv National Dairy Council of \u2018Canada Annual & Hastorn ; Townships Montéeat Küsle So 31 Meeting 2022000000 sa ae ses ae sa ea eee 6 106 Ë Mapl Pres an for ¢ : on real : Pie FOOT + 83 Vegetables, The Grading, Preparation and Nature as an Artist set ee EI \u2026.109 = Market Lambs Shown at Sherbrooke, Notes 48 Sale of Lo.\u2018 8 = Canty Cmte Claire\u2014Jacques Cartier 12 & on the .222040 00404120 0 ae a aa se ea 0 0 y iqale fr AS Pinolana 1751700 UU 0 5 McCain, Miss H., Victim of Auto Accident 57 WwW ew Srrivals Hom England aid PT 169 \u2018 McGill Offers Extension Lectures to 75 one Tre anys é Macdonald ea i M ON Tnstitules orem 194 Wardrobe, The Spring .136 Frontispiece, August, 1927 i Meal a NS Awards Tor 1927 HERI 54 What About it, Parents ?.167 On a Laurentian Farm .36 ¥ Mie borne Disease, A Ne PU 159 Wheat Varieties Must Prove Merit, New .37 On the Shores of Lake Maskinonge .36 £ MR >) Machi 1 Clea \u2018Milk lroduc- White Pine Blister Rust .121 One of Quebec's many Beautiful Laurentian Lion B achines anf can Milk LTOC #9-XIV Women's Institute Work, The Practical Side Lakes 4420204014 e a ea ae a Le ae 1 aa ee 43 * in: md Tes Vale 135 OF tt eee ea 59 Tercheron, A Great Canadian .111 ?Milk and Mille Substitutes for Feed ing Women\u2019 E P'évebes Will have Display at 43 Pouliry Ed rat LE 141 143 \u2018 SWIiNE 1.222014 ae a ee a re sa a eee 156 womans Inétitutés Convention Quebec :! Preparing for the Myubai (rainy season in 0 ! ; ; al ; > , .g for the Myubai (rainy season in Minerals in ripe Stock If ecding Ld 73 28 Women's Institutes, Report 2 Quebec P Japan) a 02 460 000 4 0 5 00 0 0 0000 0 y reason oo 40 Tors J AR ERLE , 13, 89.120, 137 Trovencher, Mr.Noe .54 Montreal Apple Sho ore \"in Town and 81 women\u2019s Institutes Activities.26, 60, 105.152, 168 Quebec Women's Institutes Exhibit at Country \u2018 \u2019 : \u2018 166 Wool Grade?How Does Your .#6- Vv, VI, VII C.N.E.22.228000 e aa aa sea eee sean» 73 \u2018 Yorn tt Wool Market, The .o.ion.47 Toadway in Bolton Pass, A Picturesque bit Wool Production, a Basis for Flock Culling 35 OË LL LL ee ee ee eee 37 N Wool, Proper DIreparation of .#7-VI Romance of Sugar-Making.The .152 Nat 1D \u20ac lof \u20ac : 148 Sandwiches with Lasty Fillings are Wel- ationa airy Council of Canada .comed with the Cup of Tea .104 New Textile Fiber, A .vein 41 EDITORIALS Saturday Night in Birdville .9 New Year\u2019s Comes in Summertime, Where 95 ; .School of Mlle Imelda St.Germain, St.\u20ac Nitrate of Soda as a Top Dressing for Hay 160 Argenteuil to be Made Accredited Area .139 Casimir\u2014.Frontispiece, March, 1928 November Twilight «o.oo von 74 Brief Notes for Busy Folk .13 Shepherd Boy.The .LL \u2019 55 Nutrition of Poultry .cc.eee» 144.145 Brief Paragraphs for Busy People .29 Shorthorn Bull \u201cGrover\u201d, The .38 Canada's Diamond Jubilee .1 Sign Painting in the Orient .43 0 Cream of the Market, The .77 Storm Scene Near Laprairie .2 Farm Boy's Future, The .13 Strawberry Picking at Macdonald College .163 Sbtainine Farm Experience 19 90 Farm Boy & Education, The .29 \u201cSwat\u201d the Fly .222200 040 aa sat 150 Obtaining Farm ne ERR 121 Farmer & Education, The .63 Tomatoes at Macdonald College .8 Old Year in PTE PA \"00.108.124, 140, 166.167 Farmers from Empire to Visit Isngland .139 Tractor Outfit Running Day and Night on a On My Way 2, 23, 30.b7.64, 78, 9=.10%, 12%, \"193.134 Kharkov 22 ALC.Wheat .c.45 Farm in Western Canada .93 Qrebara Spray I ToBI, 1928 ee 05 Maple Sugar Industry, To Help the .139 Vosburgh, Mr.P.M, Beautiful Home of.16 pumstown lcardenini : \"Reminders Tor Ness Ayrshire's Bring Honors to Quebec 45 Wardrobe for Spring 020204422004 000 0e 136 - Aa at ( nk een FT LE 23 New Year, What of the Good .os 91 Wheat Field at Macdonald College .85 g oe Poultry Reference Library, A One-Volume 139 Winter Scene 202020000004 a ee Lea aa Le 99 Quebec Agriculture, À Progressive Policy Winter in Picturesque Quebec P for M 123 ; Frontispiece.February, 1928 Quebec's Potato Crop 0002002 a uses ae 1 Winter is all Right .0.127 Tasteurizing Milk at Home o.oo.42 tesearch and the Farmer .0.2.221 0400 107 Yorkshire Pigs on Alfalfa Pasture .21 Pasture, Nutritive Value and Supplementa- Royal Winter Fair .46 LION Of 2424402004 ee 35 Secretaries of Agrienltural Societies, To The 123 Teat Moss vs.Oal Straw as Poultry Litter 165 \u2018co Have\u2014Or Not To ave\u2014A Garden.155 ' Picking Apples iii ieee 51 Whatsuvever a Man Soweth .155 CONTRIBUTORS Pigs\u2014\"\u201cOn Their Own\u201d, Starting the.s 128.127 Plant Disease Pointers .4040000500 00 8, \u2019 \u20ac ; Le _ Plowing, a Basic Tillage Operation .-.67, 68 ILLUSTRATIONS : Armitage.Ls.W.See _ 13 Plowing Match a Real Success, Farnham.66.67 ; oo Babb.Miss J 0 be TTT 85, 94 Potatoes Certified, Seed .222022000006 134 A Happy New Year .Frontispicce, January, 1928 Barton.Iss Jeanette .13, 151 Poultry Congress, The .111111 III BR OA Healfhy Baby .121112 000 eee nana nee 119 parton, Mrs Ho.58 Poultry Fattening .00000 00e eee 37 An Enticing Laurentian Roadway parton, Deaf MR cet tee eee eee eee es Ce 13 Poultry House FJoors .490054 0001000» 72 .Frontispiece, Sept, 1927 pemont, L.H.Trt 55, 86, 141, 142 Poultry Suggestions .72, 86, 101, 118, 134, 145 Animal Factory, A Typical .65 po 4 Dr HD PET a 74 56 Preparing Food Tixhibils for the Fairs .25 Apple Blossoms .Frontispiece, May, 1928 ® tin T5 PA gy 46, 74, 78, 92, 124 Preparing Cream for Churning .110 Apple Harvest, An .33 on ing, iD ww Goons 33.39, 99, 133, 134, 163 Preparations for the Barly Spring Litters.111 Apple Packing (two illustrations) .81 Gens six Ca 0 5.31, 65, 111, 126, 146 Prevention of Child Mortality .168 Alta Crest Prince Royal, Grand Champion paie ir Arthur s.22e eee eee as eee eee 103 Processed Eggs in 11.S.Shipment, In- Avrshire Bull .cio.49 Des Is, M.BL s.ssesssetee sans san ace nue 164 spoctors Discover 2.111102 see aa 14 Bacon Hogs at the Sherbrooke Fair, 1927 48 Diego Adrien .oi iii ie 131 Promptly at Four .1 111111 194 Beautiful Île Perrot 100222000000 00e 157 Dickson, Dr.B.T.o.oo, 8 Prosperous Live Stock Forecast .156 Beautiful Quebec\u2014A Laurentian Lake .42 Pan ord, Miss D.S.11.220440 0 eee 11, 24, 40, 87, 102 Provincial Plowing Maich, The 1927 .r4 Beautifying the Rural School .131 oser ty.C.D.87, 72, 86, 118, 134, 144, 145 Provincial Seed Fair, The 1928 .160 Border Designs .o.oo, 149 Hamon J.Y.2, 23, 30, 57, 64, 92, 108, 140, 166, 167 Pruning Orchard Trees .ccoueeee- 106 Calceolarias, 7 mos, After the Sowing of the Hamilton, LEH.oot] 19, 47, 125 Purchase of Hogs on Grade, The .112 SCA thie i er rete ee es 118 ayward, Miss M.12, 13, 25, 26, 42, 58, T4, 88, 104, 120, Canadian Pies .2222 120042 a a aa na ea 00 6 58 187, 151, 152, 167 Q Chateau de Ramzay in Montreal Hodgins, S.R.N.16, 17, 34, 48, 49, 81, 84, 85, 115, chevi Frontispiece, Dec., 1927 Houle.J.E 121, 130 Quack Grass, The Eradication of .148 PAGE Ram Recently Imported by Mac- 47 Howitt, M.H.0000007 8 \u2019 23 39,180 Quebec Agricultural Marketing .36 Chickens being Raised under Ideal Con- Jones, I.H.iii.Co 11 Quebec Cheese High in Fat .21 ditions in the Orchard at Macdonald Lattimer, Dr.J.E.3, 4, 93.109, 110, 158, 183 Quebec's County Agriculturists .21 College 1111101104 a anna aa aan 144 l.ochhead, Dr.A Grant .Quebec Crafts Exhibit, Typical .60 Christmas Candies LL 110 gg Lods, E.A EE 160 Quebec Cream for London Market .97 Comeau's.Mr.Aug.Automatic Electric Maw, Mrs, W.A.24211111 aa ee Lean 104, 119 Quebec Develops Bacon Hog Industry .83 Plant & Pneumatic Water System .17 Maw, Prof.Ww.Ao 10, 101, 135, 143, 165 Quehec Fair Makes Further Advances .49.50 Coming of a Storm, The .22220000000 gg McCurdy, Elizabeth 26, 43, 59, 60, 75, 89, 106, 137, Quebec Fruit Growers to Inaugurate Spray Corriveau, Mr.Dos.Farmstead of .17 ; 152, 168 Service 44444442 44 4 4 6 40 4 8 0 te ees 115 Corriveau's Portable Power Unit Attached MacMillan, A.A 83 Quebec one of World's Most Beautiful Cities 96 to his Separator ; : 17 McTaggart, Dr.A., 35, 68, 95, 114, 148 Quebec Sced Board Molds Meeting .98 Couch Grass 2.22 11 15 Ness, Prof.A.Re oe.0000 00 000 126 Quebec's Seed Needs, A Consideration of 147 Coupal.Mr.Ulric, Home of .22201010N 16 Price.Mrs.Bertha .106, 166 Coupal\u2019s Home Lighting System .16 Raymond, Prof.L.R \u201cCombine\u201d Harvests and Threshes in a R > Ral © ++ 113.120, 147, 161 Single Operation .c.ciiovin nn.93 Roth I nh Wer 100 .Crown Gall on Roses Grown in Greenhouse 22 othwell, Geo.B., .ini.38 Rabbitt Tans the \u2018Young Orchard PISE #38 Flectrie kitehen on Wheels, An .166 Rousso, J.R.cove 9 21 Rialto.What News on The .93) lentrance to the Cave of Benten, Japan.87 Ruddick, Dr.J.A.79, 80 Richmond County T'oultry Show\u20141027 0.72 Buroncan Corn Borer 1 ain AU AA 128 Russell, C.BE.noo.116.132 13 Ronning Ensilage Harvester, The .g5 Ifall Calves on Alfalfa Aftermath at Mac- ell.Co BE Lace ee eee se 116, 132, 133, 149, 162 Roup in Poultry 199 poonald Conche Lee NE 84 4e 48e sa 10 as Lan 6 128 Staud, Miss Ida E.cv.41, 89, 136 ! Big am a TU OWINE 22412440 0 0e ae a eee ee ae se .5 Rural School, Beautifying the .181 Farm and Village Home Plantings.«oo.116.132, 133 Summerby, Prof.R.15, 67, 98 i Farmers\u2019 First Harvest, The.Frontispiece, April, 1928 Talbot, J M.66 : S Farmer a Manufacturer.The .145 Tawse, Prof.Ww.J.7.51 » First Prize Heifers at Stanstead County vant 1 TTT \u2019 School Fair at Hudson Helghts .57 Fair 2.1 10e a a ae ane aa en ae aa near ne 147 \u20acTpool.T.C.ccceeac sea a ana a Lee 22 Secretaries of the Agr jcultural Societies, Gale, The Late F.G.eee 94 Walker, A.H.iiiiiiiiinn.39 To the .\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.PAPE .82 Granary Weevil .Creteeiaean 69 Whitehead, W.E.69, 150, 162, 167, 168 PSE A A A i EJ THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Treating, Cutting, and Planting Seed Potatoes HE noticeable increase in yields of T seed potatoes produced in Canada during the past decade as well as the marked improvement in their quality have been brought about largely by the employment of improved methods for all necessary operations in connection with this important industry.Among the opera- ions requiring special attention at this season of the year, are, treating, cutting, and planting seed, which will be dealt with separately, as follows: \u2014 Seed Treatment.\u2014 Seed treatment nesures a good stand by destroying organisms existing on the surface of the tuber, which would otherwise cause sudden decay of the seed piece, or rotting of the sprouts during cool, damp weather in the early spring.Such treatment, however, will not always prevent Rhizoctonia and scab from affecting the new crop, for the organisms causing these diseases may be already present in the soil and will attack new tubers, regardless of how well the seed is disinfected.Many experiments and demonstrations have shown, nevertheless, that the treated seed often results in a cleaner crop with larger yield than that obtained from untreated seed.Potatoes requiring treatment should be carefully graded to insure removal of all badly- shaped, mechanically damaged, or partially rotted tubers, and should be thoroughly washed to free them from particles of soil.Potatoes should be treated only while dormant and before they are cut, because the chemicals commonly used for disinfecting purposes have a destructive effect upon the emerging sprouts and cut surfaces of tubers.The most effective method for seed treatment is to soak the tubers for one and a half hours in a solution of corrosive sublimate (bichloride of mercury) consisting of four ounces of the chemical to thirty gallons of water.No metal vessel or instrument should be used during the operation, because metals weaken the strength of the solution.The treating solution also loses strength because the potatoes and soil adhering to them react with the corrosive sublimate, and so destroy its disinfecting qualities, As the solution is materially weakened in this way after each batch of potatoes is treated, it is necessary to keep it up to strength by adding one and a half ounces of the chemical for every thirty gallons of liquid, after each third lot is treated.Owing to the fact that corrosive sublimate is a deadly poison, the used solution should never be poured away where live stock or poultry can get at it; nor should treated potatoes be used for eating.After the potatoes have been treated they should be spread out in a cool, shady place, and allowed to dry thoroughly before planting.All sacks and barrels, used for holding potatoes after treatment, should be soaked in corrosive sublimate solution in order to prevent any possible reinfection.Cutting.\u2014The old method of cutting seed by hand is a rather slow but, nevertheless, certain way to ensure best results.There are now on the market a number of cutting machines which are capable of doing the work rapidly and in large quantities in a short time, but none of these are entirely satisfactory.The use, however, of a two-edged knife a thin blade set firmly in a narrow board attached to a box or some portable happer has given good results wiht many growers.Small whole tubers from Certified Seed can be used to good advantage, but small potatoes from commercial stock should never be used, because of the possibility of their being infected with diseases such as leaf roll, mosaic, and spindle tuber.When cutting large potatoes for seed, an effort should be made to secure seed pieces of uniform size having two or more eyes.Seed pieces of whole tubers ranging from one and a half to two ounces prove quite satisfactory when the soil in which they are to be planted is supplied with an ample amount of plant food and moisture.Any tubers showing discolouration in the flesh, particularly near the stem end, should be avoided, because such discolouration is frequently due to disease.After cutting, the seed should never be left, even for a short time, in sacks or barrels, unless the cut surfaces are thoroughly dry, or they will heat.Weak stands have been caused from time to time by making this mistake; it is, therefore, a wise plan to plant seed as soon as it is cut.Planting.\u2014The time of planting depends largely on the weather and soil conditions and remains to a certain extent a matter of personal choice and convenience.In the case of late maturing varieties, planting should be early 185 We guarantee every pound of \u2018\u201c\u2018SALADA\u201d Tea we sell\u2014that it is fresh, delicious and full weight of pure, fine quality tea.full purchase price will be refunded.75¢ to $1.05 per pound.grocers.If you are not satisfied, Sold by all enough to permit maturity with a growing season of average length.The method of planting is also to a great extent a matter of convenience or equipment.Mechanical planters save time, cost of labour, allow closer planting, economical distribution of fertilizer, and straighter rows, and place the seed at a uniform depth.The type of fertilizer distributor is very important, and mechanical planters which deposit the fertilizer in rows at the sides of the seed furrow are most desirable, because placing the fertilizer in direct contact with the seed piece frequently results in serious injury to it.The spacing interval is also important.In order to produce the largest quantity Vv vertake the 72?« « «well, hardly! I: CHRYSLER \u201c72\u201d were merely more be.:utiful \u2014if it were just an average good value \u2014it would deserve no special consideration from the buyer.But it clamors for his consideration and demands his attention by reason of a gauge and proof of greater value which cannot be escaped.All cars today seek to approximate Chrysler \u201c72\u201d\u2019 performance by patterning after Chrysler engineering.But after threeyears of striving, howclose are they Illustrious New Chrysler \u201c72\u201d Prices\u2014 Two-passenger Coupe (with rumble seat), 0.CHRYSLER 72 There may be pocketbook reasons for to the \u201c72\u201d today?No closer than they were three years ago.As they have struggled to approach, Chrysler \u201c72\u201d has pulled away and gallops around and past them with more than the ease of the old original Chrysler sen- sation-car of 1924.choosing cars of lesser price than the \u201c72.\u201d There simply cannot be a valid reason for paying as much or more for any car other than the \u201c72.\u201d 1239 $1995; Sport Roadster (with rumble seat), $2060; Royal Sedan, $2060; Four-passenger Coupe, $2060; Town Sedan, $2205; Convertible Coupe (with rumble seat), $2265; Crown Sedan, $2335.All prices f.o.b.Windsor, Ontario, including standard factory equipment (freight and taxes extra) 1 ANS 186 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Historic Features of Quebec Make It Unigie Canadian Cily of tubers ranging from three to twelve ounces, as required by the Dominion standards for certification \u2014 a size which is also suitable for table purposes \u2014 the plants should be spaced as close as posible, but far enough apart to permit efficient roguing for dieases; ten to twelve inches is the most satisfactory interval, D.J.MACLEOD, Plant Pathological Laboratory, Dominion Experimental Station, Fredericton, N.D.Field Trials To Encourage The Breeding and Sale of Hunters Only Event of Its Kind in America.Given in conjunction with the Canadian National Exhibition HROUGH the instrumentality of those interested in the Canadian Hunter, Saddle & Light Horse Improvement Society, and those interested in light horses, Field Trials will be held on the 8th day of September, 1928 on \u201cHazelburn Farm\u201d Yonge Street, near Aurora, the event being to encourage the sale of hunters and light horses and the breeding thereof.This is a method long practised in England but has never been attempted on this continent.North York has evinced great interest in the horse breeding industry, and have subscribed $1,000.00 added money to a $15.00 sweepstake, On the basis of 50 entries : \u2014 1st Prize \u2014 $500, 2nd\u201c \u2014 400, 3rd\u201c \u2014 300.4th \u2014 200.5th\u201c \u2014 100.And 5 prizes of $15.00 each.Aside from the usefulness of this cvent, which will undoubtedly encourage breeding and sale of horses, it will be an exceedingly interesting event as they will be sent over a mile of typical country\u2014water\u2014rails\u2014gates which must be opened from the horse \u2014stump fences \u2014 a real in-and-out, crossing a lane, and a bank and can be viewed from the high land.That the Municipality of Aurora and the Townships of King and Whit- church have grasped the importance of these Trials to their district, not only shows their far sightedness so far as the light horse industry is concerned but also their sportsmanship.This is no sense a trial of speed, a race or a horse show but a movement by the Canadian Hunter, Saddle & Light Horse Improvement Society to aid the Government in their desire to reestablish the light horse industry throughout the Dominion of Canada.as branches of the Sociely will be established in each province.In addition, there will be a $50.00 prize offered by the Canadian Hunter, Saddle & Light Horse Improvement Society, for the best mare suitable to produce light horses.The entrants for this prize need not take part in the Trial and it will be exclusively for farmers in York County.At the Aurora Horse Show, Aurora, Ontario, June 2nd, 1928 a similar class will also be put on which will be known as the Brier Cup competition.In addition to a cash prize of $30.the owner of the 1st Prize mare will be given a silver trophy.Each entry must have a 1925 certificate of registration issued by the C.H.L.H.1.Society.Mares weighing from 1,100 to 1,400 pounds are the type which are recommended for crossing with approved stallions for the production of hunters.ET us for once avoid the more insistent guidebook glories of Quebec, and especially those which are most commonly megaphoned at rubbernecking tourists whose main object is to see the greatest possible number of the most stridently advertised stock sights in the shortest possible time.And having decided upon seeing only that which really is unique, let us begin by noting down some of those first or last or only things which have combined to make Quebec unique; sometimes unique in Canada alone, sometimes in America, sometimes within the British Empire, and sometimes: even in the world at large.Beyond this mere preliminary noting down we cannot go today, because you can no more tell the story of Quebec within a single page than you could compress within a single volume the history of those three great people, Americains, British and French, whose arms and arts have made unique Quebec a place of most appealing pilgrimage for all.Down in the loop of the St.Charles the first white man\u2019s winter in any part of French-speaking or English- speaking America was spent in 1535-6 by Jacques Cartier, who, on the previous Oct.16, was the first white who ever saw any northern inland part of the United States.This was from what he called le Mont Réal (now Montreal).The first French overseas constitution, and the only French) has lasted to the present day, was embodied in the commission granted by King Francis I to Roberval on Jan.15, 1540.COLONY A FAILURE Roberval\u2019s colony near Quebec was a failure.But the constitution then granted lived on, with its feudal tenure, rights, and very carefully defined seigniorial duties.If you go out to the northern end of the Quebec Bridge (where the greatest central suspension span in the world was placed in 1917), you will see the red- rocked Cap Rouge, where this oldest and longest-lived of all New World constitutions was first enforced by Roberval nearly 400 years ago.If you go into Hébert Street, and the precincts of the City Hall, you will see the first and oldest surviving street in North America (probably laid out 4 HE New Series Pontiac Six was designed and built in the belief that everybody admires style in a motor car.So, in Pontiac Six, everybody can enjoy it! Beautifully-proportioned bodies that tell their Fisher craftsmanship at a glance .lines and deep, massive radiator design .Rich harmonies of color in exterior Duco and in- WHEEL BRAKES NEW FISHER BODIES NEW CARBURETOR NEW STEERING GEAR NEW THERMOSTAT NEW FUEL PUMP NEW WATER PUMP NEW GASOLINE GAUGE NEW CROSS-FLOW RADIATOR NEW STOP LIGHT LOVEJOY SHOCK ABSORBERS Leads Its Field in Style and Ref inements size ne GS 8 Ro > Long, low appointments .smoothness of Pontiac\u2019s powerful \u201cSix\u201d engine .thesafety of Four Wheel Brakes and the comfort of Lovejoy Hydraulic Shock Absorbers.No wonder the New Series Pontiac Six literally leads its field in style and refinement.Prove it all for yourself by a demonstration.terior trim , .Delightful evidence of luxury in upholstery and PLUS the P.26.5.288 Ask your dealer about the G.M.A.C.Deferred Payment Plan which makes buying easy.Your Pontiac dealer will be glad to furnish full details and prices and to demonstrate the car to you GENERAL MOTORS PRODUCTS OF CANADA, LIMITED Winnipeg PONTIAC DIVISION OSHAWA Vancouver The New Series re . Ant.2 | | | THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE IX by Hébert\u2019s meditative cow, and the statue commemorating the first of all the habitants.Hébert, 1617, was the first man who ever raised a crop upon a Canadian farm of his own.If you want to see the first real seigniory, look across the mouth of the St.Charles and \u201cdown along\u201d to Beauport.On New Year\u2019s Eve, 1635, Robert Gifford did homage for his fief of Beauport to Champlain\u2019s Lieut.Bras de Fer du Châteaufort, on the very spot where the Château Frontenac Hotel stands now.Entering without spur or sword, Gifford made obeisance, swore fealty, received investiture, was given spurs and sword, and there went forth a seigneur, ready to colonize and manage his seigniory in peace, or fight all foes of France in war.Now reverse the process, and listen to any lawyer who, in the Province of Quebec today, quotes the Coutume de Paris, which was itself the great legal centralizing force gradually supplanting the various local coutumes of sixteenth-century France.The Coutume de Paris was recognized at the Confederation of Canada in 1867, by the Quebec Act of 1774, at the cession from the French to the British Crown in 1763, and all through New France, right back to the original constitution first enforced four centuries ago where the famous modern bridge stands now.The first of purely New-World embassies was appointed at Quebec (1651) in the person of Father Deuil- lettes, the fully accredited Canadian envoy who was so courteously treated by General Gibbons, Governor Dudley, Governor Bradford, and other New England leaders, but who failed to persuade the United Colonies at Boston to sanction reciprocity at the price of war against the Iroquois.QUEBEC UNIQUE A few other things may be mentioned here that make Quebec unique.(1) Architecture\u2014The oldest stone work still in its original state (1639) is that of the Jesuit Mission House, just outside Quebec; while what is probably the only single building with perfect pieces built in four different centuries is the general hospital.(2) Settlement \u2014 Near Quebec, at Charlesbourg, you can see the sole remaining vestiges of Talon\u2019s defensive settlements, which were laid out like a wheel.The hub was a fortified mill.The fences ran out like the spokes.And this enabled the armed habitants to concentrate against Indian raiders in the shortest possible time.(3) The first play (probably in the whole New World) was Corneille\u2019s \u201cLe Cid,\u201d which was performed before the Governor and Jesuits in 1646.(4) The Intellectual Life \u2014 Quebec must be unique throughout the world for having both French and English intellectual life together for parts of three different centuries and French alone for yet one more.The Literary and Historical Society of Quebec is the oldest learned society in the whole British Empire overseas (1824).It was preceded by a Quebec Library Association (1779).This was preceded by the Académie des Sciences founded by La Galissonniére (1747), whose claims to the Ohio Valley were resurveyed by Washington.Frontenac (1672) was also a great patron of arts.It was at his favorite sister\u2019s house that Moliére first read \u201cTartufe.\u201d (5) Quebec is unique in way.It is the only New World city refortified in five successive centuries, The Ursuline Chapel is said to be the only place of worship in the world containing souvenirs of two commanders who fell in one world-famous battle.There stands the tomb of Montcalm; and from its pulpit a British chaplain preached the \u201cmourning sermon\u2019 over Wolfe.Finally, Quebec is the only place in the whole world where French, British and Americans have met in war and peace so often.After two British invasions (1629, 1759) and two American (1690, 1775), all three peoples united in celebrating the Quebec Tercentenary (1908) and all three used Quebec as comrades-in-arms during the Great World War.(From Canadian Number of Christian Science Monitor).Screenings as a Feed CREENINGS, when finely ground, make an excellent and safe feed for live stock.Complete elevator screenings consist of broken and shrunken grains, wild buckwheat, wild oats weed seeds, chaff, fine straw and dust which are removed from practically all grain delivered to the terminal elevators.They are now easily available commercially to Canadian stockmen.After the screenings have been removed from the grain they are put through a cleaning process and classified as recleaned elevator screenings, oat scalpings and refuse screenings.A fourth grade, called elevator screenings is used, if the percentage of weed seeds is above the prescribed amount, and for screenings that do not fall into the three above classifications, In view of the fact that these screenings are being fed fairly extensively to live stock, a series of experiments to ascertain their feeding value have been coriducted at several experimental farms and stations.The results of these experiments are summed up in a new pamphlet on Screenings as a Feed for Live Stock, available at the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.It has been proved that recleaned elevator screenings is an excellent feed for growing and fattening pigs.It produces rapid gains economically.For fattening steers this feed has been shown to be the equal of good mixed meal.Oat scalpings is of considerably less value, having a feeding value in the rations of growing pigs of not more than half of that of a good mixed meal.Refuse screenings have little or no feeding value in swine rations.Complete screenings have proved to be a valuable addition to the meal ration when they comprise about one-thid of it, Oil facts for farmers (No.3) World-wide proof of Mobiloil economy Mobiloil is used by the majority of experienced motorists and tractor-owners inthese countries: Great Britain, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Denmark, France, Holland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Switzerland, Austria, Hungary, Czecho-Slovakia, Roumania, Jugo-Slavia, Bulgaria, Greece.Europe: Africa: Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Morocco and the west coast of Africa, Union of South Africa and east coast.Asia: Turkey, Syria, Persia, Afghanistan, India, Burma, China, Japan and the Straits Settlements.Australia and New Zealand.North America: Alaska, Canada, United States, Mexico, the West Indies.South America: Venezuela, Colombia, Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, Argentina.Actually Cheaper to Use Mobiloil could never have become so well known and so widely used if it were not for, the economy of Mobiloil quality.Farmers everywhere have discovered that Mobiloil is a cheaper oil to use.\u2018That's why they are willing to pay a few cents more per gallon for Mobiloil and even to make special trips to town for Mobiloil when necessary.Mobiloil users tell us that Mobiloil frequently cuts oil consumption 15% to 50%.Carbon expense, repair and replacement bills are held down to rock bottom.In just one year's running you will find that Mobiloil\u2019s slightly extra price is returned to you many times over through marked cuts in operating expenses.How to Buy Most farmers buy a season\u2019s supply of oil at one time.We recommend the 55-gallon or 30-gallon steel drums with faucets.Any nearby Mobiloil dealers will give you a substantial discount when you buy one of these.Other Mobiloil containers are: 10-gallon steel drums with self-contained faucet, 5-gallon cans packed in easy-tipping rack.Also 1-gallon and 1-quart cans.Your dealer has the complete Mobiloil Chart.It will tell you the correct grade of Mobiloil for your tractor, your truck and your car.e Make this chart your guide If your car is not listed below see the complete Mobiloil Chart at your dealer's, It recommends the correct grades for all cars, trucks and tractors, etc.1928 1927 1926 1925 NAMES OF Engine Engine Engine Engine PASSENGER 5 = s - 5 - 5 - CARS E 5 E, Ÿ|E!S|E, 85 EX, E EE É| É|ÉE! ES 2izlalslaleldis Buick.À \u2018Arc A [Arc.| A TAre A Arc.Cadillac.\u2026 | BB | Arc.BB Arc.BB ; Arc.À ! Are Chandler Spec.6-cyl] A Arc] A A |.=| Leu ee other models) À Arc.| À |Arc.| A |Arc.| À \u2018Arc.Chevrolet wae | A Arc.| A |Arc.| A Arc.A |Arc.Chrysler 4cyl.\u2026| A Arc.| A [Arc] A [Arc] A Are \u201c Imp.80.| BB tArc.| À A A Af.other modely A \u2018Arc.| A j A |A | A|A A Dodge Bros.| À jArc.| A ,Arc.| A \u2018Arc.| A Arc fl Durant.À ,Arc.|.1 -.| A JA] A Arc Essex .!.\u2026-0 À \u2018Arc.| À |Arc.| A j Arc.| A Are Ford, Model Ao} A Arc |.|.|.d cee) eee \u201cModed Tf.JE ETES EEE Franklin.BB \u2018Are.BB BB BB | KB|BB BB Hudson yen 0 À Arc.| À |Arc.| A \u2018Arc.| A Arc Hupmobile cmeas.] A Arc.| À |Arc.| A | Arc.| À Arc ash.\u2026meemcen-d À \u2018Arc.} À \u2018Arc.| A lArc.| A Arc Oakland.yams] A Arc.A 'Arc.| A Arc.| A Arc.Oldsmobile.\u2026.| À \u2018Arc.| À \u2018Arc.| A Arc.| À Arc Overland, all models] oe.A Arc] A Arc] A Arc \"Packard.| A .Arc.{ A YArc.] A Arc, A Arc Paige, all models.| ooo] A LAr] A Arc [Arc Arc Pontiac.«van.A \u2018Arc.| A ,\u2018Arc.f A Arc Reo, all models, on} A |Arc.] A |Arc.] A Arc.| A Arc SAP \u2026a-cecomermmasees | À |Arc.| A lArc.| À tAre.| A Arc.Studebaker eps.| A jArc.| A { Arc.| A Arc] A Arc elie.congo.| A (Arc A | Arc.j À lArc.| A .Are Willys-Knight 4-cyl]._.|.whedon] BAe] BO Arc, \u201c _6-cvl] BB Arc.] BB} Arc.BB Arc.BB | Are.The correct grades of Gargoyle Mobiloil for engine lubrication of prominent passenger cars are specified above.Follow winter recommendations when temperatures from 32° F.(freezing) to 0° F.(zero) prevail.Below zero use Gargoyle Mobiloil Arctic (except Ford Model T, use Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\u2019\").Soe Mobiloil The World\u2019 Quality Oil IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED Marketers of GARGOYLE MOBILOIL in Canada Manufactured by VACUUM OIL COMPANY + emi mmm veratrine + foie ee tee rn en res ms er rem mbm ee 5 ace X THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE \u2018Asparagus and Rhubarb, Two Important Early Spring Crops HE production of early maturing perennial spring crops that yield profitable returns per acre is without doubt one of the hest paying urd rtaking within the reach of many of the market gardeners and home gurdeners of this country.There are probably no two crops so much in demand as asparagus and rhubarb during the early part of the season, and if produced in quantity before the general supply is available will prove very profitable, One of the first considerations is the type of soil available for this work.It has heen found by experience that a well enriched sandy or loam soil will produce excellent crops and at the same time be easy to till and maintain at all scasons.In locating the asparagus and rhubarb plantations, it should be Lorne in mind that since both of these crops are very persistent and can he relied upon to last in a plantation for upwards of twenty years, that the hest and most convenient piece of land for the purpose should be selected, Since there are many varieties of asparagus offered at present, it may seem difficult to decide upon the most desirable one to plant, but since there has been considerable effort made to climinale inferior varieties and those subject to asparagus rust, the Mary Washington has been found to be least affected by this fungous pest, with the result that many fine disease-resistent plantations are to be found throughout the country to-day.Pedigreed seed should be used that has been produced under careful supervision and that is traceable to known parent plants.One Lo two poundx of good seed should produce cnough plants to plant an acre, Use one-year-old seedlings, selecting those plants that have à large number of large well-formed ouds, discarding those that show a large number of small buds.The third spring after planting cutting may be commenced.Serious damage may result if the crop is harvested too late into the season.As a rule around the first week in July should see the last cutting, after which the tops should be allowed to develop so as to store An outlay of 10 cents will clear your house of FLIES These obnoxious pests, annoying, germ laden, can be easily destroyed.A Ten Cent Package of WILSON'S FLY PADS will do the job, simply, easily.NO SPRAYING, NO OBNOXIOUS ODOURS, NO STICKINESS, just five minutes\u2019 preparation and WILSON\u2019S FLY PADS start their work of killing flies.Three pads in each 10 cent package.Each pad will kill flies all day and every day for 2 or 3 weeks.Get them at your Grocers or Druggists to-day.WILSONS At all Grocers, Druggists and General Stores 10 CENTS PER PACKAGE up energy for the production of the next season\u2019s crop.The yield from asparagus will range around 350 dozen bunches per acre.This.at current market prices, certainly means an attractive proposition, To have asparagus on the market early in the season means obtaining a higher price than for the crop grown under ordinary conditions.By planting a few beds closely with roots eighteen by twenty-four inches apart, having these beds just large enough that they may be covered with a cold frame, it is possible to have a crop ready at least two weeks earlier than the field crop.During very warm days the glass may be opened a little if necessary, and closed again at night time.This has been tried and found very satisfactory and it is therefore recom- SSII SI ENS SSII» SNNFFAIINN \u2014 pos a mended that growers try it in a limited way.The old standard varieties of rhubarb still are considered quite satisfactory in some localities.Both Linnaeus and Victoria have a place in connection with market gardening but since there have been improved strains obtained that yield better and produce a much more attractive product it would seem advantageous to market growers and home gardeners to obtain these sorts and use them to the exclusion of all others, propagating from piece roots from the best plants.Rhubarb can be forced rapidly in the field by using forcing boxes, specially made for the purpose.These may: be made of boards and with four sides only.Put one around each hill and place a loose cover over it that NS i 3 SOAS NNN NN \\ N° - has a few small holes bored through to allow for ventilation.Old plaster or apple barrels that have had one end knocked out will serve the same purpose.Place one over each hill or root.It will be found that a crop will be ready for pulling prior to the regular field crop, thus getting the price for early truck, In addition the stalks will be a delicate pink colour, resembling winter forced rhubarb, Ruby rhubarb has proved to be one of the outstanding varieties of recent origin, having proved under most conditions to produce the reddest fleshed leaf stalks, with an absence of stringiness.This variety was originated in the Division of Horticulture, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.To maintain the fertility of the land, liberal fall application of well rotted manure should be made, which New Lower e Prices Roadster - - - $625.00 Touring « « = 625.00 Coupe - « + » 740.00 Coach - « = » 740.00 Sedan - - «+ - 835.00 Imperial Sedan - 890.00 Cabriolet - - 835.00 Commercial Chassis 470.00 Roadster Delivery 625.09 Ton Truck Chassis 635.00 Roadster Express 650.00 All prices at Factory, Oshawa \u2014 Government Taxes, Bumpers and Spare Tire Extra, BUILT on a wheelbase of 107 inches \u2014 four inches longer than before .swung low to the road .and with its hood streaming back in graceful, unbroken lines to blend with contours of the Fisher bodies\u2014the \u201cBigger and Better\u201d Chevrolet is everywhere hailed as a car of outstanding distinction.The new radiator is higher and narrower, and embellished with a large, flat, all-metal radiator cap.The hood is longer and deeper\u2014vividly interpreting the greater stamina, staunchness and fleetness of the new chassis.Windshield posts are slender and graceful, bodies are beautifully beaded and paneled, hardware is of period pattern, and roof-lines are smartly low.Interiors, too, are impressively rich\u2014with new uphoisteries, wide, restful seats, and a beautiful enclosed instrument pancl \u2014indirectly lighted.Come, see this great new car\u2014 and you'll know why thousands have acclaimed it the world\u2019s most luxurious low-priced automobile.C-26-5-288 The GM.AC.General Motors\u2019 own deferred payment plan affords the most convenicnt and economical way of buying your Chevrolet on time, See the \u201cBigger and Better\u201d Chevrolet at your nearest dealer.A personal demonstration will be gladly arranged.CHEVROLET MOTOR COMPANY OF CANADA, LIMITED PRODUCT Winnipeg, OSHAWA, Vancouver.LIMITED I Awan oA 5 HT Pe Sm.Ed TT a ry = ey ware we \u2014 re mn rong THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ~~ XI should be worked into the soil in the early spring with shallow tilling machinery, In addition to this, a moderate application of njtrate of soda should be made at the rate of from 150 to 200 pounds per acre directly after the plantation has been cultivated in the early spring.Where the supply of manure is limited, a 4-8-0 fertilizer may be used, that is to say 4 per cent nitrogen and 8 per cent phosphoric acid, leaving out the potash.The aplication of such fertilizers will have to be regulated by the quantity of manure previously applied, but since humus is essential to the soil, some manure must be applied each season, T.F.RITCHIE, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ont.Canadian Record of Performance Ayrshires in R.O.P.URING the month of April the secretary received in his office 109 reports of cows and heifers that qualified in the R.O.P.\u201435 in the 365 day test and 74 in the Honor Roll or 305 day test.In the 365 day test, 9 qualified in the mature class; 7 in the four year old; 6 in the three year old and 14 in the two year old.The leader in the mature class was Primrose of Beaver Meadow 4th.-68589- owned by Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, Ont., with 14,271 lbs.milk and 640 lbs, fat.Lassie of Gala Bank -71889- owned by W.E.Syming- ton, Camlachie, Ont, gave 13,592 lbs.milk and 555 lbs.fat.Primrose of Bridgeview -45304- owned by Melvin Begg, Moose Creek, Ont., gave 13,024 lbs.milk and 538 lbs.fat.Lennoxville Roxie 3rd.-82180- owned by Director, Experimental Farms, Lennoxville, Que., led the four year old class with 11,354 lbs.milk and 512 lbs, fat.Blanche -82074- owned by Napoleon St.Laurent, Luceville, Que., gave 11,747 lbs.milk and 466 lbs.fat.Thorndyke Flossie -85817- owned by W.R.Younker, Charlottetown, P.E.I.gave 10,142 lbs.milk and 443 lbs.fat.The three year old class was led by Ivy Lodge Baroness -85322- owned by J.G.Wilson, Lacolle, Que., with 11,678 lbs.milk and 489 lbs.fat.Willowbank Spicy 2nd.-90783- owned by Andrew Stark, Huntingdon, Que., gave 9,385 lbs.milk and 420 lbs.fat.Rougette -86074- owned by Honore Dionne, Sacre Coeur de Marie, Que., gave 9,435 lbs.milk and 414 lbs.fat.Mousette -90682- owned by Eugene Leclerc & Sons, Riviere Trois Pistoles, Que., came first in the two year old class with 9,442 lbs.milk and 405 lbs.fat.Brookside Sarah -92605- owned by John McKee & Son, Norwich, Ont., gave 10,142 lbs, milk and 397 lbs.fat.Des Pins Rosette Ald 3rd.-102852- owned by M.Ste.Marie & Sons, Compton, Que., gave 8,748 lbs.milk and 397 lbs.fat.In the Honor Roll Class 26 qualified in the mature class; 11 in the four year old; 10 in the three year old and 27 in the two year old.The leader in the mature class was Auchenbrain Piccadilly -68266- owned by Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, Ont.with 16,261 lbs.milk and 604 lbs.fat.Susie of Geneva -43963- owned by John P.Bradley, Lachute, Que., gave 13,226 lbs.milk and 579 lbs.fat.Auchenbrain Beauty -70828- owned by Glen Campbell Farms, Dundas, Ont., gave 13,439 lbs.milk and 528 lbs.fat.Pindeale Betsy -86481- owned by Melvin Begg, Mose Creek, Ont., came first in the four year old class with 11,701 lbs.milk and 472 lbs.fat.Thorneroft Merry Miss -82642- owned by E.C.Budge, Beauharnois, Que., gave 10,044 lbs.milk and 401 lbs.fat.Flores -86394- owned by Ecole d'Agriculture d\u2019'0Oka, La Trappe, Que., gave 9,786 lbs.milk and 379 lbs.fat.The three year old class was led by Maplewood Jessie -89110- owned by Wm.C.Strong, West Brome, Que, with 9,240 lbs, milk and 436 lbs.fat.F'arouche -86003- owned by Joseph Lessard, St.Leon, Que., gave 8,777 lbs.milk and '364 lbs.fat.Maplecrest Gretta -99100- owned by Ernest Pouliot, Boyer, Que., gave 8,680 lbs.milk and 355 lbs.fat.Bridgeview Anna -99956- owned by Melvin Begg, Moose Creek, Ont., led the two year old class with 10,295 lbs.milk and 407 lbs.fat.Mignonne -96377- owned by Adelard Morin, St, Hyacinthe, Que., gave 9,018 lbs.milk and 387 lbs.fat, Glengarry Pansy Star -90303- owned by Cumming Bros., Lancaster, Ont., gave 7,353 lbs.milk and 364 lbs.fat.Canadian Record of Performance Ayrshires in R.O.P.URING the month of February the secretary received in his office 82 reports of cows and heifers that qualified in the R.O.P.\u201423 in the 365 day test and 59 in the Honor Roll or 305 day test.In the 365 day test, 8 qualified in the mature class; 4 in the four year old and 11 in the two year old class.The leader in the mature class was Woodlea White Rose -70926- owned by Rodger Bros., Lachute, Que., with 12,- 246 lbs.milk and 518 lbs.fat.Thorn- hill Effie -75731- owned by Rodger Bros., Lachute, Que., gave 11,980 lbs.milk and 514 lbs.fat.Ephigenie de St.Arsene 2nd.-75702- owned by Eugene E.Pelletier, St.Fabien, Que., gave 11,149 lbs.milk and 504 lbs.fat.Fleur de la Vallee -90167- owned by Jos, Ouellet, St.Prime, Que., led the four year old class with 10,703 lbs.milk and 475 lbs.fat.Clover Ridge Silverbell -82414- owned by R.T.Brownlee, Hemmingford, Que., gave 10,246 lbs.milk and 441 lbs, fat.Mons -81708- owned by Azellus Lavallee, Berthier, Que., gave 10,499 lbs.milk and 404 lbs.fat, cCORMICK-DEERING Grain Binders are built in 5,6,47,and 8-foot sizes.The many improvements made in recent years add to their efficiency, ease of handling, and length of life.Light-running binders, with nearly a century of harvest machine experience back of them.on Wik op oy tw 0 7 ~.re apr» +, oe 2 5 TOR Les 7 7e 4 ud FAT] at * he ., : Aen, | os Cydia Er jhe HA CPL ER L ! eu Rn, 48 : RA % LE 1c-foot, power-driven McCormick-Deering Tractor Binder enables you to cut from 30 to 40 acres a day.A highly efficient binder of special interest to McCormick-Deering Tractor X owners.Headquarters for Harvest Progress! your community is in close touch with harvest machine developments.He can tell you about the latest refinements that have been made in horse-drawn McCormick-Deering Binders.He can point out the advantages of owning the fast- working 10-foot McCormick-Deering Tractor Binder that operates from the power take-off of the McCormick-Deering Tractor.He can give you interesting information concerning the McCormick- Deering All-Steel Thresher, and point out the savings in power effected by the ball TT McCormick-Deering agent in and roller bearings.And he can discuss the McCormick-Deering Harvester- Thresher with you to your complete satisfaction.Note the complete harvesting and threshing equipment service offered by your neighbor, the McCormick-Deering agent.He is in position to offer you exactly the machine required by your acreage, crop, or climatic conditions.We suggest that you discuss harvest machines with him as soon as possible; you may need new equipment or repairs, and it is always to your advantage to make your selection and place your order as early as possible.INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY HAMILTON of Canada, Ltd.CANADA McCormick-Deering All-Steel Threshers HESE famous all-steel threshers, with the worry-proof ball and roller bearings, are built in two sizes; 22 x 38,and 28 x 46.Ask us for further information and the nearest address at which you can see these threshers on display. J ae oem ARE ROSE | XII The two year old class was led by Sunny Spring Daisy 2nd.-92990- owned by J.C.Coulter, Huntingdon, Que., with 10,506 lbs.milk and 442 lbs, fat.Walnut Lodge June -105119- owned by J.S.Knapp, Galt, Ont, gave 9,179 lbs, milk and 402 lbs.fat.Humeshaugh TFairy \u2018Queen -94218- owned by Alex.Hume & Son, Camp- bellford, Ont., gave 9,089 lbs, milk and 395 lbs.fat.In the Honor Roll Class 12 qualified in the mature class; 7 in the four year old; 13 in the three year old and 27 in the two year old class.In the mature class Clover Ridge Silver Lady -78494- owned by Jos.P.Beauchemin, Vercheres, Que., came first with 11,524 lbs.milk and 446 lbs.fat.Lucette d\u2019Oka -67864- owned by Seminaire de St.Sulpice, Oka, Que.gave 10,044 lbs.milk and 426 lbs.fat.Brownie of Pine Grove -56953- owned by Harold Reeves, Hawkesbury, Ont, gave 9,920 lbs.milk and 417 lbs.fat.The leader in the four year old class was Lawndale Perfect Lady -90799- owned by Adelard Ouellet, St.Felicien, Que., gave 9,269 lbs.milk and 408 lbs.fat.Eveline of Compton -84966- owned by F.Audet, Compton, Que., gave 8,472 lbs.milk and 403 lbs.fat.Suzanne of Compton -84965- owned by F.Audet, Compton, Que.gave 7,662 lbs.milk and 371 lbs, fat.Championne of Compton -84967- owned by F.Audet, Compton, Que., led the three year old class with 8,141 Ibs.milk and 410 lbs.fat.Lighthouse Katherine -87695- owned by W.A.Callaghan, Prescott, Ont., gave 9,278 lbs.milk and 406 lbs.fat, Fairvue Clarice -85792- owned by Director, Experimental Farms, Charlottetown, P, E.I, gave 8,174 lbs.milk and 394 lbs, fat.In the two year old class Sunny Spring Daisy 2nd -92990- owned by J.C.Coulter, Huntingdon, Que., was the leader with 9,728 lbs, milk and 408 lbs.fat.Houde 2nd.-96997- owned by Jos.Houde, St.Felix de Valois, Que., gave 7,747 lbs.milk and 400 lbs.fat.Des Pins Blandine 2nd.-93642- owned by M.Ste.Marie & Sons, Compton, Que., gave 9,089 lbs.milk and 395 lbs, fat.Marketing of Wool is on Stable Basis Pool Idea Has Been Successfully Applied in Co-operation Wool Growers LTHOUGH the rugged climate of Canada produces wool equal to any in the world, and superior to much of that from warmer countries, for a long time the sheep industry languished in this Dominion.In the eastern half of the country the number of animals fell off each year, and even with high war time prices the industry continued to go back; but there was every reason for such a condition.Sheep were at best looked upon as an indifferent sideline, a re- cessary evil to keep weeds in check on poorer farms, and wool was sold with other junk to the first peddler who came along in early spring.Wool Pool Succeeds Then in 1918 came the pool idea and the formation of the Canadian Co-op- crative Wool Growers.Preaching quality and grading this Dominion-wide organization of producers was successful from the start.Wool was raised from the status of junk to an important crop.Farmers were urged to pay more attention to their sheep, to clip carefully, and tie the fleeces in a modern way.The wool was graded according to Government standards and sold on a pooled basis.Naturally, wool dirty with clots of manure, weed seeds and chaff brought a low price, and this was clearly shown on the statements sent back to shippers.For the first time farmers were able to see where they were losing money, and steps were taken, by the provision of feeding racks, clean floors for clipping, and other means, to raise the standard of Canadian wool.Domestic woollen mills soon realized the change in the quality of the local clip and began to buy with confidence.Returns Are Higher.That the new system of wool handling was a change for the better from the producer\u2019s standpoint is indicated by the market trend of the past few years, The pre-war prices were much behind those to-day, and while wool with every other farm product suffered deflation in value after the war period, it was the first to come back.\u201cThis association of producers\u201d stated Live Stock Commissioner H.S.Arkell a few weeks ago, \u201cwhich allowed the producer to hold his product, grade it and feed it to the market gradually, has saved farmers probably 10 cents per pound this year.\u201d Substantial progress has been reported by the Canadian Co-operation from year to year.The season just closed was no exception, when almost 4,000,000 pounds, or about half the total commercial clip of Canada, was handled.Besides handling a large volume the wool growers\u2019 organization has opened up the United States and European markets as well to the producer in this country.Never before has wool gone direct from the farm to foreign countries.Reprinted from Toronto Globa May 21, 1927.Canadian Jersey Notes Another Great Jersey for Oxford County XFORD County of Ontario has long been known as the great dairy cattle county of Canada.It is rapidly becoming one of the great Jersey centers of the Dominion.The latest addition to Oxford Jersey herds is the cow Noble\u2019s Foxy B.-13072- recently purchased by E.W, Nesbitt of Woodstock from F.H.Silcox of Iona, Ont.This cow\u2019s record of nearly 15,- 000 1bs.of milk credits her as being the highest producing Jersey in Canada in the mature class of the 305 day division, She was born on Feby.22nd.1918, and this record was made last year in the herd of F.H.Silcox, President of the Canadian Jersey THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Cattle Club.This cow is now on test again and has produced more than six times her own weight in milk in less than four months, She calved on Dec.8th., and in that month produced over 1000 lbs.In January her production exceeded 1800 lbs.In February she gave over 1800 lbs.again and in March 1988 lbs.She was only milked twice a day for the first two months, but when put on three times a day milking jumped up to over 70 lbs.a day.Her best day was 73 lbs.The sire of this great cow is the bull Noble\u2019s Castor of Woodview -6522- and the cow was bred by Rock Baily at St.Thomas so she has been developed in the county of her birth.Her dam, now in her teens, is as sound and healthy as the daughter.The purchase price was $1000, This is the first Jersey to be sold from Elgin for this much money and the highest priced Jersey to go into Oxford.Mr.Baily, Mr.Sil- cox, and Mr.Nesbitt are all to be congratulated.Canadian Jerseys should benefit through the use of sons of this cow in the herds of Mr.E.A.Smith of St.Thomas and Mr.F.H, Silcox.NEW JERSEY HERDS IN CHATAM DISTRICT The Chatam district of Ontario has E à What One Load of TEN/TEST CRITE sun.WILL DO ON YOUR FARM NE haul will do it.One load of TEN/TEST insulating Building Board is sufficient to insulate most of the important portions of your farm home and buildings, to protect them against the hot summer when cold weather comes round again, you will be thoroughly prepared for it, because TEN/TEST means permanent insulation against every change of weather.One load of TEN/TEST supplied by your lumber dealer, is an investment that will pay you a dividend in year-round fuel saving in your home.your barns and stables for the health of your livestock, your poultry houses, brooder houses and milk cooling sheds.TEN/TEST will come in handy for countless other farm uses.It saws and nails like wood.Tell us your construction and insulation problems.Send us a rough sketch and give dimensions of what you have in mind.Our Engineering Department is always at your service, Then, Address: Engineering Dept.8F INTERNATIONAL FIBRE BOARD Gatineau, Que.LIMITED 1111 Beaver Hall Hill, Montreal.Midland, Ont.It will insulate TTF4 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE not been much known for its Jerseys.In the last short time several fine herds have been established however, and the product from these herds goes to the citizens of Chatam at very attractive prices.Good-sized herds have been established by J.C.Stewart, Bruce Bedford, A.G.Bedford, and H.Smith.Mr, A.G.Bedford got the foundation for his herd with the purchase of 20 females in Indiana a few weeks ago.The product from these herds is meeting with such favor in the city of Chatam that all four owners will materially increase their number of purebreds.Until a couple of years ago Jersey milk and cream had not been offered to the public in this district.The adventure has been such a success that the supply does not take care of the demand.W.ELMO ASHTON.Waterloo, Que.New Canadian Apple Receives High Award Melba Apple, Originated at Central Experimental Farm, Wins Wilder Medal EW varieties of apples originated at the Dominion Experimental Farms of the Department of Agriculture continue to attract worldwide attention.The Melba apple, the most recent product of the work carried on at the Central Farm, at Ottawa, has been awarded the Wilder (silver) Medal, the highest award of the American Pomological Society.This follows closely on the high award gained recently at the International Horticultural Exhibition at Brussels, Belgium, and is the eighth medal received by the Horticultural Division of the Central Farm for meritorious varieties of apples.The Melba apple is an open pollinated seedling of the famous McIntosh.Sced of the McIntosh was saved at Ottawa in 1898 and sown in the autumn of that year.The seed germinated the following spring and the young trees were set out in fruiting rows in the spring of 1901.One of these trees, afterwards called the Melba, fruited in 1908 and, as it was so exceptionally promising, it was named in 1909.Propagation was begun in the winter of 1908-9 and trees were sent out to experimenters for test in 1911 and since that time.It has now fruited in many parts of Canada and some parts of the United States and has proved very promising under different climatic conditions.The Melba is a summer apple of handsome appearance, in season before the Duchess of Oldenburg and quite as high in quality as the McIntosh.In colour it is a pale waxy yellow, well washed with bright ecarmine and crimson, the former being the predominant colour.It has a marked perfume which adds to the attractiveness of this variety, and the tree is hardy in climates as severe as that of Ottawa, bears when young, and is productive.Advertising Canada ROFESSOR HARRY R.Lewis, Secretary for Agriculture for the state of Rhode Island, and President of the United States National Poultry Council was one of the most enthusiastic delegates to the World's Poultry Congress last July.He is now giving evidence of his impressions after participating in the Congress trans-Canada tour, \u2018Since his return to the United States he has addressed poultry associations, banquets and clubs, among the latter being \u2018the Frenchtown Community Club, the Rhode Island State Grange, the Lions\u2019 Club Rhode Island, the Southern New England Textile Club, and the Varnum Continentals, the chartered military command of Rhode Island.He has given these people of his state details of his trip through Canada illustrated by maps, photographs, and motion pictures.Mr.Oscar Brown of Scunthorpe, Lines, England also participated in the trip, and he writes that he has had the pleasure of broadcasting his impressions of Canada.Mr.Percy A.Francis of the British Ministry of Agriculture has been busy lecturing since his return to England, his subject being \u2018Canada\u2019.Italy is also actively advertising Canada.One of her chief delegates to the World\u2019s Poultry Congress.Prof.A.Ghigi of the University of Bologna is writing a book entitled from \u2018Niagara to Mexico\u2019, This will contain many views of Canada, and will cover the country from coast to coast.Canada is being advertised as a result of the World\u2019s Poultry Congress.The advertising is of the best kind, it is first hand information given by people who returned to their homes saturated with Canadian sunshine, hospitality, and achievement.Further it is being given by instructors to students, to agriculturists and others, and by the representatives of the press who accompanied the Congress train.Among the latter is the editor and owner of the \u2018Feathered World\u201d Mr.Sydney Lewer whose paper carried a running article through nine issues giving details of the trans- Canada tour.The \u2018Report of the Congress Proceedings\u2019 a splendid volume of 558 pages is now ready for distribution.It contains over 160 technical papers presented at the Congress, together with a verbatim report of the general meetings.Full particulars regarding this volume may be obtained from the World\u2019s Poultry Congress Secretary, Ottawa.The Swine Industry in the Maritime Provinces ! | close analysis of statistics published by the Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, reveals a number of interesting factors in connection with the growth of the swine industry in the Maritime Provinces.In 1925 the swine population of Canada was 4,426,148 and in 1927 XIII this was 4,694,789, a gain of 6%.In the same period, however, we find that the hog population of the Maritime Provinces had made a gain of 229.These figures are exceedingly pleasing.However, there is still great chance for further gains in the Maritime Provinces when it is considered that the proportion of hogs to cows is much lower in the Maritimes than in any other part of Canada, and that the industry up to 1923 made very little progress.This is well borne out by the following statisties: the hog population of Canada gained 27.79% from 1913 to 1923.In the same period the hog population in the Maritimes Provinces decreased 16.3%.From 1923 to 1927, however, while Canada gained 6.5%, hogs in the Maritimes increased 19%.The quality of the hogs has also been greatly improved.We find that in 1927 449 of the hogs marketed through the co-operative live stock shipping clubs, which constituted the bulk of the live hog shipments, were in the \u201cselect\u201d class.This is exceedingly high, considering that for Canada 16.9% of the hogs marketed last year were \u201c\u2018selects.\u201d The present pleasing situation regarding the hog industry in the \u2014 tires.this service.WE DONT NEED TO TELLYOU E really don\u2019t need to tell you the advantage of buying tires from the Goodyear Selected Dealer.You know he picks out the right size and type of tire for your car, lets you see it before you buy.You know that his knowledge of tires is so wide that he can give you advice which will help you get every last mile out of your If you\u2019re sending away for tires you are missing the benefits of And they cut tire bills.Selected Dealer has Goodyear Tires at a range of prices so that you don\u2019t pay him any more than you\u2019d pay for unknown tires.There\u2019s a Goodyear Selected Dealer near you\u2014at least one in every town in Canada big enough to support a good dealer.More \u2014 the Goodyear All Goodyear Tires are built of SUPERTWIST Cords\u201461% more stretch and life than old-style cords.Goodyear means Good Wear XIV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Maritimes has been largely brought about by the work performed by the Boys\u2019 and Girls\u2019 Swine Clubs which work is being followed up by the cooperative live stock shipping clubs and the Maritime Live Stock Marketing Board which at the present time markets the bulk of the live hogs offered for sale.Great credit is due the Departments of Agriculture and the Canadian National Railways who so ably assisted and promoted the Boys\u2019 and Girls\u2019 Swine Club work in Eastern Canada and present indications point to continued gains in this important phase of mixed farming.Ayrshire News Notes NE of the latest recruits to Ayr- shires is Jas.A.Vance, Woodstock, Ont.Mr.Vance is a well- known Bridge Builder and has bought a farm near Woodstock.He recently purchased a cow, eight heifers and a bull calf in the Howick-Huntingdon Club district, The bull calf is a grandson of the famous Canadian record long distance cow, Springburn Lucky Girl, H.A.Swart, Simcoe, Ont., recently sold 5 head of Ayrshire females to Fred Buber, Sumner, Ia., and 10 cows and a bull to W.C.Legtmeier Land Co., Westgate, la.A shipment of 21 grade and 2 pure bred Aryshire females and a bull were recently made from Howick, Que., to the Borden district of Saskatchewan.\u2014 mme The FROST & WOOD LOADER with adjustable upper Elevator New Features Easier loading\u2014prevention of \u201cslobbering\u201d when turning corners\u2014regulation of delivery of hay to the load and reduction in the headroom required when storing away after haying \u2014 are features which the adjustable elevator adds to this hay loader.Frost & Wood Haying Equipment is dependable\u2014Light draft\u2014Low in upkeep YEARS OF EXPERIENCE are behind the re- FROST & WOOD putation and quality of Frost & Wood haying MOWERS equipment.DUMP RAKES The adjustable hayloader is noted for its clean HAY LOADERS pick-up.It gets all the hay\u2014is easy to operate \u2014light draft and long service make it a profit- SIDE DELIVERY able investment.Frost & Wood dump rakes and side delivery v rakes give long, trouble-free service.Built of , practically all steel and rigidly braced, these Write for dependable haying tools pay for themselves .Literature in a surprisingly short time.Frost & Wood Quebec Limited Montreal, P.Q.Quebec, P.Q.4 Dépendable Farm Implements A GOOD INVESTMENT You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.The farmers who purchased these are contemplating going in for dairying or a more extensive scale and so are to make a trial of Ayrshires.R.R.Ness of the firm of R.R.Ness & Sons, Howick, Que, and G.C.P.McIntyre of McIntyre Bros, Sussex, N.B., recently visited Scotland and purchased some 35 head of Ayr- shires between them, and a report has just come to hand that the cattle have been released from Quarantin with a clean bill of health, not a single animal having reacted.The Ness lot included a sister of Howie's Top Grade, that sensational \u201c10% MORE STICKS PER CASE\u201d NEVER BE STUMPED BY A STUMP Bax STUMPING No.1 is a hog for rooting out stumps.Cheaper than the old stumping powder on account of there being more-sticks to t! shoots the stumps out clear and clean.The toughest land will yield its harvest of rocks and stumps to the irresistible force of this powerful explosive, that turns waste land into fertile acres.Drop us a card with your name and address if you would like to receive, with our compliments, a book that puts the hump into stumping, called: \u201cStUuMPS\u2014DBOULDERS\u2014DITCHES.\u201d Demonstration can be arranged if requested.ase; it CANADIAN EXPLOSIVES LIMITED Subsidiary of CANADIAN INDUSTRIES LIMITED Halifax Montreal Ottawa Toronto Timmins Sudbury Cobalt Winnipeg Kirkland Lake A e lawn, with Peerless Ornamental Fence, \u2018\u2018stands out\u2019\u2019 distinc- E 1) oh y 1.7 y) ey = 4 cm ER + tively.It \u2018\u2018sets off\u201d the house just as a good frame sets off a picture.A Peerless lawn fence increases the value of your property, adding beauty and prestige.It does not warp or sag out of alignment.Itis economical\u2014durable\u2014rust proof.Peerless lawn fence is made in many distinctive designs and in three finishes\u2014 galvanized, green and white.The nearest Peerless dealer will give you valuable information and advice.Write for new folder illustrating Peerless lawn fence, steel posts, railings and fittings, etc.THE PEERLESS WIRE FENCE CO., LTD.Hamilton, Ontario 18 Ou \\ WA D EAN AY A Sp) THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE yearling which was imported last year.Several notable old country winners are also included, and several of the lot are by such noted famous bulls as Lucky Boy, Craigton Here's Luck, Hobsland Milk Boy, etc, The McIntyre lot include Whitehill Mayflower, a great producing and show cow; Hobsland Lucy IV, a 2 year old that was a noted winner last year, and Hobsland Merry Monarch, a prize winning son of Hobsland White King, who was imported last year and was grand champion at the National Dairy Show.J.H.Black, Lachute, Que., President of the Canadian Ayrshire Breeders\u2019 Association; Gilbert McMillan, Hun- tingdon, Que., and William Green- shields, Manager for W.W.Skinner, K.C., are at present in Scotland selecting an importation of Ayrshires, C.A.Archibald, Dominion Live Stock Promoter, Truro, N.S., recently filled an order for St.Kitts, Barbadoes, Trinidad and South America which was one half Ayrshire, the other half being made up of Holsteins with one Jersey.Included in the lot was a very fine cow from the Government Farm, at Truro, N.S, Eleven Ayrshire heifers went to a firm in Trinidad whilst another lot went to another firm on the same Island.Six two year old in calf heifers went to the Ste.Madeline Sugar Estate.That part of the herd of A.S.Turner & Son, Ryckman\u2019s Corner, Ont., which belonged to A.S.Turner, the senior member of the firm, was dispersed on March 30 and brought in a total of almost $10.000.Five bulls and bull calves averaged $190; 19 cows averaged $240.and 21 heifers and calves averaged around $180.Altogether some 53 head made an average of just around the $200, mark and 28 animals made an average of $245.XV During the period commencing January 1, 1928 and ending March 31, 1928 an amount of $13.377.55 had been received in membership fees, registration and transfer fees, ete., by the Canadian National Live Stock Records on behalf of the Canadian Aryshire Breeders\u2019 Association.During the same period in 1927 the total receipts were $9,183.35 this means an increase of $4,194.20.Canadian Ayrshire Breeders\u2019 Association.You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to o it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and its costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.ANNOUNCING The Opening of An EATON Mail Order Branch at Montreal BETTER SERVICE : ORDER WILL NOW BE SHIPPED FROM MONTREAL Wait for your Copy of the Mid-Summer Bargain Book Just Issued The opening of this new addition at Montreal marks another step in the progress of Canada\u2019s Greatest Store.It is a Quebec enterprise bringing EATON Service closer to those who live in the Province of Quebec.This new Mail Order Building being right in the heart of the district it is going to serve, will provide faster service and better meet its particular needs.Orders mailed to our Montreal Mail Order from the fartherest 000 mre \u2014w\u2014 point in the Quebec district will reach you now in much less time than was formerly required when orders were filled in Toronto.This is a decided advantage to our customers.The merchandise stocked in the Montreal Branch is of the same reliable quality that has always characterized EATON MAIL ORDER values.EATON PRICES SAVE YOU MONEY Buying by mail from EATON\u2019S is simple and satisfactory.Best of all, it means for you worth-while savings on your purchases.We would call particular attention to the hundreds of specially good values offered EATON customers in our Mid-Summer Sale Catalogue, just issued.If you do not receive your copy of this Bargain Book by June 16th., send us your name and address, and a copy will be mailed to you promptly.| THE EATON GUARANTEE \u201cGoods Satisfactory or Money Refunded, Including Shipping Charges\u201d *T.EATON Cure J OF MONTREAL MONTREAL CANADA XVI THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE om | old Peru In Peru, IMPERIAL OILLIMITED cars moving between the great ended a world-wide quest for an IMPERIAL refineries and 2,000 dis- ideal crude petroleum from which ributing points; all these \u2014 and to manufacture motor oil.In Can- Peruvian Crude\u2014are factors in the ; À ada IMPERIAL developed facilities production of Marvelube.: to process this crude into Marvel- ube, an inherently better oil.Back of Marvelube are the re- New refining processes; mighty Sources, enterprise and integrity of fleets of tank ships plying the At- Canada\u2019s largest refiners of petro- lantic and Pacific; thousands oftank leum products.of your car, truck or tractor.See the Marvelube Chart at any There is a grade of Marvelube exactly suited to the are at any | Marvelube Dealer\u201ds.PREMIER GASOLINE POLARINE TRANSMISSION THRESHER HARD OIl IMPERIAL ETHYL GASOLINE LUBRICANTS MICA AXLE GREASE _ ROYALITE COAL OIL POLARINE CUP GREASE IMPERIAL CREAM = 5 MARVELUBE MOTOR OILS CAPITOL CYLINDER OIL SEPARATOR OIL 3 MARVELUBE TRACTOR OILS PRAIRIE HARVESTER OIL EUREKA HARNESS OIL \u2019 POLARINE MOTOR OILS GRANITE HARVESTER OIL IMPERIAL INCUBATOR : POLARINE TRACTOR OILS CASTOR MACHINE OIL OIL A | CANADA'S LARGEST REFINERS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS IMPERIAL Oo IL LIMITED I "]