The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 avril 1927, vendredi 1 avril 1927

[" Ge JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Volume 80 April Ist 1927 Number 10 mean Pr i 3 \u20ac > TV e a LR De re et A tL @ RY A - te s $ ® ag, we NA he à à at es recette 30 9 AE n> = [Ns Pa $ B a ps s% bs Rd PLAN Le ne RE A \" «, Ch +) @ a LAS AR} RY 3 3 by ou peat 4 =\" & û vois eue > Fe Ca a « i upon von vacant 3 EE 4 rs a #3 2 a XJ 2 aa Lo ER oo Py pve ie NEAR ST.GENEVIEVE (Photo by Gladwish & Mitchell) PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF Pa eee THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.nt II THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE PES 2a AY PAPE FROST TS, NET Ss MER TS Te TH AN TERETE th CE SNR RE CRT SESE TN on 7 A AN.fi lie cute RAMSAYS PAINTS McCORMICK- DEERING {Primrose} Ball-Bearing Cream HIS is the machine that set the pace in modernizing the cream separator.From farm to farm went the good word about the new efil- ciency that eased the daily work and added to the daily cream saving.The demand for the ball-bearing ma- chine\u2014McCORMICK-DEERING\u2014 grew by leaps and bounds.Thou- cands upon thousands invested in the simpler, easier-turning, cleaner-skim- ming separator.Today these thousands are better friends than ever cf the durable ball-bearing machine.The best test of success and popu- HAMILTON Step on the gas and away goes your car \u2014 instantly, smoothly ! Avoid carbon deposits and knocks with fil jiil co INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY McCORMICK-DEERING ENGINES 1; 3, 6, & 10 h.p.HE McCormick-Deering Engine is built for successful operation on all jobs under all conditions.STS LE Th CANADIAN OIL COMPANIES, LIMITED Separator! larity is the testimony of owners.When you buy a cream separator, ask the men and women who use McCormicik-Deering day in and day out.Satisfy yourself about every point \u2014 cream saving, cleaning, turning, sanitation, lubrication, simplicity, durability and service.Go by what they say about the ball- bearinz machine.Made by the Harvester Company.Cold everywhere by the McCormick- Deering agents.You will profit by investing in the McCormick-Deering Separator.of Canada, Ltd.CANADA FOR SALE BY ALL DEALERS All sizes have removable cylinder, replaceable main bearings, enclosed crankcase, high-tension magneto, throttle governor, and simple, efficient fuel- mixer.There is ample provision for cooling.Working parts are protected from dust and sand.All worn parts can be replaced at moderate cost.Altogether, the McCormick-Deering is the ideal engine for the man who wants dependable, efficient, long-lived power, How She Got Rid of Rheumatism Knowing from terrible experience the suf- ' fering caused by rheumatism, Mrs.J.E.Hurst, \u201c who lives at 204 Davis Avenue, E-291 Blooming- ton, Ill., is so thankful at having healed herself that out of pure gratitude she is anxious to tell al] other sufferers just how to get rid of their torture by a simple way at home.Mrs.Hurst has nothing to sell.Merely cut out this notice, mail it to her with your own name and address, and she will glad.y send you this valuable information entirely free.Write her at once before you forget.L me Instant pick-up.Drives your engine to the maximum of its capacity.Double distilled, free from dope of any sort and always uniform in quality.Notice the difference i in your repair bills after using *White Rose Gasoline for a year.wr i mi \"MILE *Products of cron, Rpane mnie on THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE .m Dedicated wie Originator of Quality / pe A AV The Mork o _Quality Fence ' \u201c TN eh | \\ \" 0 ét tu \u201cfh, ls du pus À i ds The FARMER Since time immemorial, the farmer has been noted for his constant effort to raise the quality of his products, striving for better bred stock, more fertile soil, greater purity of dairy products.From this honest effort of toil we have fashioned our policy of giving the farmer a fencing bearing all the qualities \u201cgood\u201d fencing should have.10 Ci 4 dt { 4 i We are in a position to assure quality as we control every detail in the manufacture from \u201core to finished article\u201d and thus INVINCIBLE FENCE embodies all the qualities necessary to long life.The steel is made by the Open Hearth process, producing a quality conceded to be the best for the manufacture of fence.The wire is heavily galvanized with a coating of the best zinc available and will last indefinitely.Galvanizing is the most important factor in the life of fence as upon it solely rests the protection of the metal.In the weaving, allowance is made for expansion or contraction, by coiling the lateral wires, which allows the fence to \u201cgive\u201d, yet holding it taut at all times.The close formation of the lock enables a solid grip of the wires, yet allows such flexibility as necessary.INVINCIBLE FENCE IS A QUALITY PRODUCT AT A SAVING TOO IN PRICE All Invincible Farm Gates are Hot \u2018Galvanized THE STEEL COMPANY OF CANADA LIMITED HAMILTON MONTREAL FENCING Carried in Stock by dealers in nearly cvery city.town and village in Canada.If you cannot locale a convenient dealer write to us.The Steel Company of Canada, Limited Dept.K Montreal -E Please send copy of Invincible Farm Fence Catalogue illustrating all Styles.uen teuen2en0 000000220000 0000000000 006 FOR SALE\u2014Farm in the Laurentians \u201cHILLCREST\u201d farm comprising about 80 acres close to ST.AGATHE Village and opposite to Lac Des Sables to which there is a permanent 12 foot right-of-way.There is a combined stable, barn and dwelling and 2 workmen\u2019s cottages on the farm, besides implement shed, small brooder house, piggery and hay barn.The farm cottage adjoining the barn is of substantial character having about 10 rooms, 3 bathrooms, hardwood floors, etc., and each of the other cottages has 5 rooms.The barn building is on solid stone foundation, brick superstructure with steel beams, terra cotta ceilings and cement floors and the cow barn is finished in white glazed tile brick, equipped with all up-to-date implements.This farm has been used for a Dairy Farm but could be profitably split up for subdivision purposes or used as a Club for summer and winter sports or as a country Estate.Price very reasonable.THE ROYAL TRUST COMPANY Real Estate Sales Dept.105 ST.JAMES ST, - - HARBOUR 4221 Reliable time for farmers ONG before sun-up, from lagging.theseSpringdays, West- Westclox are thoroughly clox cheery voices are often dependable.Sturdily made heard helping mengetaway here in Canada to keep ac- to a good start, so chores curate time.Priced from and breakfast will be over $1.75 to $5.50.promptly.Black Bird, $3.00, has a Helping women-folk, too, convenientnightdial.Pock- in the farm house.Keeping et Ben\u2019s good watch com- the daily schedule of tasks pany,out-doorsorin, $1.75.WESTERN CLOCK CO., Limited, PETERBOROUGH, ONT.Big Ben Baby Ben America Sleep-Meter Jack o'Lantern Pocket Ben Glo-Bea $4.25 $4.25 $1.75 $2.75 $3.75 $1.75 $2.50 \u2014_\u2014m\u2014 The butter-fat you /eave in the skim- milk wont buy the baby any shoes The loss of only 25 cents\u2019 wceth of Never in the history of centrifugal butter-fat a day costs you $91.25 a cream separators has therc been a vear\u2014enough to keep the whole family machine to equal the new De Laval\u2014for well shod, and then some.Thousandsof clean skimming, eusy turning or dura- farmers have stopped the waste of much bility.It has the wonderful new more butter-fat than that by replacing \u201cfloating\u201d bowl which runs smoother their cream-wasting separators with new, and easier, and eliminates vibration.clean-skimming De Lavals.It will give you more aud a richer ; cream than you have ever gotten before.Sold on easy terms Skim Your ~ on instaliments.See Skim - Mifkk your De Laval Agent A OF write us dircct.> Ask your De Loval A Agent to bring out a new A a Ire Laval Separator > and run the skim-milk O° liom your old sepuata- tor through it.The new De Laval skims so clean that if you are losing any butter-fat it will surely be recovered.Have any cream recovered in this manner weighed and tested at your ereamery, and then you can tel! cxactly how much a new De Laval will save for you.Trade allowances made on old separators of any age or make. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 50 Miles an Hour All Day Long ~ With Ease to Car and Comfort to Passengers This is far below the maximum speed of the Essex Super-Six.Yet it illustrates another brilliant side of Essex performance \u2014 the ability to cover long distance so smoothly and easily that neither car nor passengers are conscious of the effort.A level, road-skimming riding ease, and smooth, silky power give a riding sensation that is like flying.Flashing pick-up, positive brake control and easy steering give nimble, fast and safe going in traffic.The new Essex Super-Six is a triumph of en- gineering\u2014for long wear, accessibility and lowest operation and maintenance cost.Five beautiful new bodies meet every requirement of utility, convenience and fine appearance.Super-Six COACH $885 COUPE 885 SEDAN 960 All prices f.o.b.Windsor, taxes extra VAHL TC The reception of the n new Essex Super- Six has been instantaneous, overwhelming all past Essex triumphs in interest, enthusiasm and sales.And retail orders continue to exceed the largest output in Essex history.The Essex Coach The Super-Six Principle Amazingly Revealed Legare Automobile and Supply Co., Limited Executive offices : 385 Ontario St., East, Montreal.OTTAWA, QUEBEC, VALLEY JUNCTION, CHICOUTIMI, COWANSVILLE, ST.EVARISTE STATION, JOLIETTE, MONTMAGNY, MONT JOLI, SHERBROOKE, SOREL, ST.HYACINTHE, ST.JEROME, RIVIERE DU LOUP, THETFORD MINES, THREE RIVERS, VICTORIAVILLE, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE V, \u201cLet the Sparks Fly I\u201d YOUR BARN ROOF WILL BE SAFE WITH \u201cGEORGE\u201d SHINGLES You never know when sparks from chimney, threshing-engine or bush fire will light on your roof and threaten your barn, stock and crops with destruction.\u201cGeorge\u201d shingles besides being fireproof are |P wind, rain and storm proof.When grounded in accordance with Fire Marshal's Regulations they are lightning proof.Locked along all four edges, made from \u201cQueen's Head\u201d copper Why their alfalfa was killed last winter Last year about 100 farmers of a certain county, set out to determine what killed their alfalfa during the winter.The conditions found on one farm are typical.This farm has two fields of alfalfa, side by side, which were sown with two different kinds of seed.One field showed a perfect stand while the other was badly thinned out.The cause of the winter killing was directly traced to poor seed.hlOk:) Neither cheap seed nor low-priced lubricating oil is a profitable investment.Farmers who turn to | ?Gargoyle Mobiloil are often astonished by the many D iad ast heat- ways in which Mobiloil returns its small extra price.time.Less time out for repairs.Fewer stops with a tractor .: Let tell because of overheating or thinned-out oil.Less carbon.you how Better compression and valve action.And Mobiloil dite it frequently cuts oil consumption from 10% to 50%\u2014 to put saving more than its few cents extra cost per gallon George .8 p 8 \u201cTwe-by-Twe'\u2019 P right there.: p on your p P roof.P PenLAR'S PERFECT PRODUCTS We also manufacture \u201cCouncil Standard\u201d Corrugated Iron and Corro-Crimp Roofing.THE PEDLAR PEOPLE LIMITED Head Office - Oshawa (1) Mobiloil is the favorite oil with automotive engineers.(2) Mobiloil is asked for by 3 out ot every 4 motorists who buy oil by name.(3) Mobiloil was used in such famous flights as the U.S.Army Round-the-World flight, Byrd's flight to the North Pole, and Lieut.Maughan\u2019s Dawn-to-Dusk flight across the United States.(4) The Mobiloil Chart has the Branches, Hallam on, approval ot 609 automotive manufacturers.Toronto, London, Winnipeg, Vancouver.6 b PE Reduces Bursal Enlargements, Thickened, Swollen Tissues, Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness from Bruises or Strains; stops Spavin Lameness, allays pain.Does not blister, remove the hair or : lay up the horse.$2.50 a bottle at druggists or delivered.Book 1 R free, ABSURBINE, JR., for mankind\u2014an antiseptic liniment for bruises, cuts, wounds, strains, painful, swollen veins or glands.It heals and soothes.$1.25 a bottle at druge gists or postpaid.Will tell you more if you write, W.F.YOUNG, Inc., 134 Lymans Bldg., Montreal, Can.Absorbine and Absorbine.Jr.are made fa Canada, correct grades of Gargoyle Mobil- oll for cngine lubricat\u2019on of prominent passenger cars are specified below, \u2018The grades of Gargoyle Mobiloil indicated below are Mobiloil \u201cE,\"\u201d\u201d Mobiloil Arctic (\u2018Arc\u2019) Mobiloil \u201cA,\u201d Mobiloil \u201cBB,\u201d and Moblloil \u201cB**, Follow winter recommendations when temperatures from 32 degrees F, (freezing) to 0 degrees F.(zero) prevail.Below zero use Gargoyle Mobiloil Arctic (except Ford cars, use Gargoyle Mobiloil \u201cE\".) The full economy of Mobiloil will be yours this year if you follow the recommendations in the Mobiloil Chart for your car, your truck, your tractor, your farm lighting engine and your stationary engines.42 Mobil- oil engineers made a careful study of all automotive engines before this Chart was made.Your engines were included.It your car Js not listed here, see the come plete Moblloil chart at your dealer's, 1927 1926 1925 Le © N _\u2014 NAMES OF PASSENGER CARS Summer The Mobiloil dealer will supply you with the correct grades of Mobiloil\u2014 at a substantial saving if you buy in barrel or half-barrel lots.It will be a wise move to see him now about your season\u2019s requirements.Cadillac _ _ Chandler 5p.6__ Chandler Other Mods, Chevrolet __ Chrysler 4 ___ Chrysler Orber Mods Dodge Brothers _ Ford .> Summer > Summer >» E| Summer ! 8 I] > >} > > 3 a { > 5 on > a8 > 5 eo #>>»> Make the chart your quide =< >>Em>>> © = = ! + >> 55.\u20ac >> >>> fou want your car to run smoothly and powerfully, using less gas and oil, iffyou want fewer repairs and greater satisfaction\u2014you will find real help and guidance in our book, \u2018Correct Lubrication\u2019.Write Imperial McLaughlin.Buick - Oil Limited, 56 Church St., Toronto, for a free copy of this useful book.Moon __ Oldsmobile \u2014 Overland _ _ Packard 6 _ NN PEP >>> > = n TD | IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED 3 arketers of GARGOYLE MOBILOIL in Canada ae Manufactured by ve VACUUM OIL COMPANY >PEEPEPFIPIIPIIEE> p>EH>>> > a > »rrere>rrrrrra REMARKABLE ADAPTABILITY An all brass The horse cart Spramotor fitt- Spramotor has won un- ed to a fifty precedented endorse- gallon cask.ment from growers of Suitable for all varied crops.There is kinds of row no hand power spraying crops,orchards, outfit offered to-day vineyards, which serves for mustard, pota- classes of spraying as toes, also efficiently as this painting white- moderate priced rig.washing.Made by the only .Canadian firm manu- Write for facturing spraying ma- catalogue C chines exclusively, THE SPRAMOTOR COMPANY 21 KING ST, LONDON, ONTARIO Don\u2019t Suffer With Rupture New Discovery Will Heal It You Can Try It Free Despite sudden strains and unexpected exertions, rupture can be retained safely and Deafness Perfect hearing is now being restored in all cases of deafness caused by Catarrhal troubles, Relaxed or Sunken Drums, \u2018Sy Thickened Drums, Roaring or MW: Hissing Sounds, Perforated EN Wholly or, Partially Destroyed gurely\u2014and at the same _ , §#7-¥R Drums, Discharge from Ears.time it can be healed, Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums .ps : require no medicine but effectively repl what i ue Polonais .wearer easily into the ears This new invention is where they are invisible.Soft, safe and comfortable, light, safe and sanitary F B k WRITE TODAY \u2014so small that it will ree oo To re eT nook eon not hamper body movement.It heals as it om Deafness particulare and many .: RS testimonials.The hear- retains, The old-style truss or appliance pre- 5 of thousands of grateful users has been restored vents healing\u2014because it separates the edges et \u201clittle wireless ones for the ears.\u201d of the rupture opening.ILSON EAR DRUM CO., Incorporated We will let you try it free.Write today for 553 Todd Bldg.LOUISVILLE, KY.free trial offer, sent in plain, sealed envelope.Brooks Appliance Co.207A State Street, Marshall, Mich.Liquid and Paste Gives a Quick Shine that Lasts a Long Time Made in Canada Nonsuch Limited ~Toronto TERN Ere I ead vi \u201cTHE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE themselves to you.Montreal, P.Q.- Securely rivetted frames of strong carbon steel ; multiple-disc gears that automatically sow the desired amount of seed without waste or loss; efficient shoes that plant and cover the seed thoroughly; perfect lubrication and easy operation are features that will commend -Seed Drill BIGGER YIELDS ASSURED! | Bigger yields \u2014 every farmer wants them! Then start right.Start with good seed and a Cockshutt Grain Drilland you'll get maximum returns from your land.Choose a Cockshutt Drill because it has proven itself thoroughly reliable and efficient and a great crop getter.\u201cBETTER SEEDING\u2014BIGGER YIELDS is our bamphlet on Drills that will fully explain them to you.Ask our local agent for a copy or write our nearest office today.THE FROST & WOOD CO, LIMITED Smiths Falls, Ont.Truro, N.S.\u201cCockshutt Implements Make Farming Pay Better\u201d THIS SPRING Buy Registered Seed And So Be Sure You Are Getting Seed of a variety that has been thoroughly tested and found to be good : Seed that is true to variety name; Seed that is free from other kinds; Seed that is free from weeds; Seed of strong germination.Registered Seed originates from crops that have been registered by THE CANADIAN SEED GROWERS\u2019 ASSOCIATION, OTTAWA, - - CANADA How's Your Stomach?Mine's fine, thank you.It wasn\u2019t always so.You can easily get rid of your Dyspepsia.Indigestion, Catarrh of Stomach, Belching, Heart Fluttering.Sour Stomach, Nervousness, Constipation, Headache, etc., same as I did, and in the same way.Don't send one cent, for 1 am so sure this treatment will produce like results for you that I will send it, all charges prepaid, by mail.After it has proven itself the means of getting rid of your stomach troubles you may send me one dollar.How is that for confidence and fairness?Write now.Address, Theodore H.Jackson, 287C Stratford B.dg., Syracuse, N.Y.SNE Ls SA pere as =~ A Ge 5 RR For 1927 Are Equipped With ALEMITE by a supply of clean fresh oil.Strong Frames High Quality Discs Spring Controlled Scrapers Convenient Levers ARE OTHER FEATURES OF MASSEY-HARRIS Ask Your Massey-Harris Agent Toronto, Montreal, Massey-Harris No.8 & 9 Out-Throw Disc Harrows HIGH-PRESSURE LUBRICATION Oiling is done quickly and casily by the Alemite Compressor Gun which forces oil to the Bearings under high pressure.Old oil and dirt is replaced No.8 & 9 Disc Harrows for Full Particulars MASSEY-HARRIS COMPANY, LIMITED ESTABLISHED 1847-80 YEARS AGO Moncton, Brandon, Regina.Swift Current, Yorkton, Calgary.Edmonton, Agencies Everywhere $ $5585 $ EVERYWHERE $ farmers, dairymen and others are making extra money by shipping us all kinds of empty Bags.You can do the same.We pay the freight and also highest prices.Write us and we will send you full particulars and shipping tags.No quantity too large or WRITE NOW TO : SENDEL & GORDON 21 Duke St., Monrteal, Que.$5555 S TT Ae lI PN NE SEED BED | HARROWS | Guaranteed Your dealer will tell you that the Champion guarantee is the strongest behind any article of automotive equipment.It is your complete assurance that Champion must be the better spark plug.That is why Champion outsells throughout the world two to one.And it is why Champions enjoy an equal preference on the farm for stationary engine, tractor and truck use.Car manufacturers recommend, and hundreds of thousands of motorists are changing spark plugs every 10,000 miles to insure better and more economical car operation.Thisistrue,even of Champions, in spite of their world-wide reputation for remarkable long life.Champion X\u2014 exclusively for Ford Cars, Trucks and Fordson Trac- tors\u2014packed in the Red Box.80 cents each.Champion\u2014 for trucks and carsotherthan Fords-packed intheBlueBox 90 cents each.CHAMPION SPARK PLUG CO.OF CANADA, LIMITED WINDSOR, ONTARIO CHAMPION Spark Plugs A Canadian-Made Product NN \u2014 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE vii + ya Children rive Ont 0 3 Doctors recom- It is delicious in mend on er flavor and is so centage of easily digested.DEXTROSE Give the chil- the energy producing element dren as much as in food! they want.oe, NO à cB12 An A that your pocketbook If you have listened to friends and neighbors discussing the merits of a Crane Automatic Water | System, telling each other how wonderfully well it works, it is likely that you have guessed the price to be quite a bit above what it actually is.Isn\u2019t it a cheerful surprise, then, to learn that there is a complete Crane shallow-well outfit of 200-gallons-an-hour capacity, with a big storage tank and one-sixth horsepower motor, that sells foronly $144! And thatother Crane systems, for 200 up to 6ooo gallons of water an hour, from deeporshallowwell, with gasoline engine or elec- tricmotor, aresold atthelowestpricesforwhicha dependable, high-quality system can besupplied.AEBS See Designed to pump water at the least cost per thousand gallons, to be free from trouble, to last many years, and to save you money, each system is a marvel of quality and simplicity.Bronze parts are drop-forged, not cast.The oil gauge always works and never dirties.Flood lubrication saves wear.Over size units eliminate strains.Bearings are machined to .0005 (half of a thousandth) of an inch.One handy wrench is the whole tool kit for all the parts, and they are the last word in accessibility.| That\u2019swhyaCranewater system is a fine investment,addingpermanentvalue to your property.For a few cents a day, it provides healthier, happier, more hygienic living for you and your family.It banishes much drudgery and discomfort, makes possible all modern sanitation conveniences.Always, it is your private \u201cwaterworks,\u201d : supplying constant running ; water that exactly fits your pocketbook.An attractive room in the attic at surprisingly low cost A cheerfully patterned, genuine Congoleum Go'd Seal Art-Rug\u2014at the reduced prices, can be bought for as low as $5.50% fora 9 x 200 gallons an hour capac.414 foot rug.! ity.Big storagetank.Lé h.p.Easy-to-clean Congoleum Gold Seal Art-Rug oo motor.Complete $ 1 4 4 patterns are unsurpassed anywhere for + 0.b.factory .sheer beauty.Send the coupon for a free copy of a booklet Crane Deep Well Systems showing the complete assortment in full colors.Crane Shallow Well System \u2014 In a wide range of capacities.ê | ® Slightly higher in Winnipeg and points west.Built to meet your needs dependably, and at lowest cost.UM Write for an illustrated booklet and the name | ONGOLE of the nearest Crane Water System dealer ( ) GOLD SEAL RT-RUGS C = A N F oun tar ay SED EE NR CEE GES GED GRD GNP CE GE EE GES up fe wd 8 Congoleum Canada Limited, 1270 St.Patrick Street, Montreal Send me, without cost or obligation, a copy of your latest pattern booklet cntitled \u201cBrighten Your Home with Congoleum Gold Seal Art-Rugs.\u201d CRANE LIMITED,GENERAL OFFICES: 1170 BEAVER HALL SQUARE, MONTREAL CRANE-BENNETT, LTD., HEAD OFFICE: 45-51 LEMAN STREET, LONDON, ENG.Branches and Sales Offices in 21 Cities in Canada and British Isles Works: Montreal and 8.Johns, Quebec, Canada, and Ipswich, England I | 1 You will know genuine Congoleum with the longer- i i | | | L 2m 207 22 at \u2014 = a ae =) wearing surface, when you see Name.040000 02e ea ss 00 sea eee f this Gold Seal \u2014 Avoid dis- Address.\u2026.\u2026.0000000 0 sa sa 00 aa | po appointing imitations.oi eesti enact tae eee | 150 Pounds Pressure x C R A N E \\V/ A LV E S a 2500 Pounds Pressure a A A 8e ea a 00 0 sas een 00e 6 ! 6F PE EE EE A VIII THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 0 Investigate this new Fairbanks-Morse home electric plant HERE is a real light F4 + > power.Lightscan be operated direct from generator, from storage battery or from both combined.Is self-con- tained, compact, completely enclosed, yet easily accessible.No moving parts exposed except beit pulley, Write for full details THE CANADIAN FAIRBANKS MORSE CO., Limited Saint John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Windsor and power plant \u2014 Sismans.the ) u see the perfected result of long Make sure ven the shoes years of development.Itis trademark safe, simple, dependable, Sismar economical to buy and you buy: ny Y easy to operate.Supplies 1.Sisman Shoe Comps both electricity and engine The 1% Limited Aurora, Ontario innipeg, Regina, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria 619 | CH SEDAN 1150 F.O.B.Windsor, Ont.«Amazing (ontrast \u201cBetween NYONE with a sense of motor-car values, knowing the price of the Chrysler \u201c50\u201d, will instantly realize that it is unfair to the other four-cylinder cars of large production to try to judge them on the same basis as the \u201c50\u201d.For just a mental comparison as to family roominess and full size, interior appointments and luxurious mohair plush upholstery, beauty and smartness of line and appearance alone places the Chrysler \u201c50\u201d in the class of the larger cars, and makes its selection simply inevitable.CHRYSLER \u201c50\u201d and All Other Fours For Chrysler's unique plan of Standardized Quality produces the \u201c56\u201d on the conviction that the family that pays a moderate price for its car is entitled to just as much beauty, quality, comfort, economy, long life and good value as those purchasing cars of higher price.The amazing superiority of the Chrysler \u201c50\u201d \u2014with its speed of 50 miles and more per hour, its economy of 30 miles to the gallon and its big car roominess and comfort\u2014 over all other fours is immediately evident in a direct comparison of values.Touring, $1045; Coupe, $1045; Roadster, $1045; Coach, $1080; Sedan, $1150; Landau Sedan, $1220 All prices f.0.b.Windsor, Ontario, (freight only to be added).Above prices include all taxes, bumpers front and rear, spare tive, tire cover aud tank full of gasoline.CHRYSLER CORPORATION OF CANADA, LIMITED, WINDSOR, ONTARIO WALTER P.CHRYSLER, Chairman of the Board RYSLER S O Troubled with Lame Back for Over 17 Years Now feeling fine as a fiddle Harry H.Buss of Egmont, B.C., suffered from a lame back for over 17 years.Every spring he was laid up from work.He tried many remedies, but could not obtain relief.He was advised to try Gin Pills and immediately obtained relief.Read his letter: \u201cThere is nothing to compare with Gin Pills.1 suifered unspeakably with a lame back for over 17 years.I tried almost everything, even to hot poultices.I could not sleep.After taking two and a half boxes of Gin Pills X am at work again and feel fine as a fiddle.1 will not be without Gin Pills from now on.I am telling everyone in this settlement who has kidney or back trouble to give Gin Pills a trial.Publish my letter as I would like others to know what great relief Gin Pills gave me.\u201d Pains in the back, constant headaches, swollen joints, painful urination, murky urine, brick dust deposits, scanty or too frequent voiding of urine are all symptom: of kidney trouble.Relieve your suffering and ensure a future frce from kidney ailments.Get a box of Gin Pills today.50c at all druggists.National Drug & Chemical Co.of Canada, Limited, Toronto, Canada.124 HERE'S more light\u2014Quick-Lite\u2014 for farm chores, for every outdoor use.Brighter than 20 old style oil lanterns.Steady, powerful, pure-white brilliance that turns night into day.@leman Quick-Lite ¢\u201cThe Light of a Thousand Uses\u2019\u2019 } Always ready for any job, any night.Males own gas from common gasoline.Lights with matches.ma Mica chimney makesitwind- proof, rain-proof, bug-proof.40 hours\u2019 brilliant service , per gallon of fuel.Can't spill fuel even if tipped over, Sturdily built of brass and steel, heavily nickled, Price $9.50 80,000 Dealers scll Quick-Lite Lamps and Lanterns, If yours can\u2019t supply wou.write us, Dept.808 Made in Canada By * The Coleman Lamp Co.,Ltd, Queen St.East and Davies Ave.District 8 TORONTO, ONTARIO a + ce men Hodgins, Editor, Macdonald College P.Q., P.Q ISSUED vr 4 FOR RATES MONTHLY OF ADVERTISEMENTS BY THE 4 ADDRESS TO DEPARTMENT OF THE CANADA AGRICULTURE PUBLISHING CO., OF THE » Limited PROVINCE OF O | 73 St.James St., QUEBEC.Montreal.the Movoto Es FRENCH .62,933 be addressed to S.R.N.ENGLISH .8,226 AND HORTICULTURE Circulation - 71,159 Volume 30 APRIL 1st 1927 Number 10 EDITORIAL COMMENT THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER \u201cIt is now apparent to anyone familiar with the situation that the European corn borer constitutes the greatest potential menace that faces American agriculture\u2014perhaps that has ever faced it.\u201d This startling statement introduces a full review of the corn borer situation both in Canada and the United States by Harry R.O\u2019Brien in the February issue of The Country Gentleman.It is based on first-händ information.The writer had been over most of the areas already infested\u2014at first singly as a newspaper man, later with a group of scientists, state officials, manufacturers, financiers.It\u2019s spread from the New England States westward to Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, and Indiana \u2014 and its discovery last fall in Illinois, particularly\u2014these things have aroused American farmers as they have not been aroused for many years.The Corn Belt is threatened.The hog industry of this continent is threatened.Dairy farming, .in so far as it is dependent upon corn silage, is threatened.Manufacturers of agricultural machinery and railroads whose main profits depend upon the transportation of America\u2019s corn crop are working hand in hand with the agricultural scientists of the Federal and state departments.An emergency grant of $10,000,000 has been made from Federal funds to help clean up the infested districts, and thus curb as far as possible further spread of the pest.That is how the situation is viewed across the border.In Ontario the ravages of the borer have already been severely felt.In the counties of Essex and Kent, counties formerly given over mainly to the growing of corn for seed, the type of agriculture has had to be entirely changed\u2014and at great loss to the farmers of those counties.This pest has now been found in Quebec.It is true that corn growing is not of the same importance in this province as it is in the \u201ccorn belts\u201d of Western Ontario and of the Central States.Here corn is only one of a large number of important crops found on the average farm.Yet as our fifth most important crop, a crop running to an average of over $8,000,000 a year in value, it is well worth making a real effort for.In this issue of The Journal we reproduce certain portions of Quebec Bulletin No.92 \u2014 prepared recently by Dominion and Provincial agencies with a special view to coping with the Quebec infestation.The recommendations made for control in that bulletin will be found in this issue.In our situation it should be easy to keep the pest in check, especially in view of its discovery before it has become established in the province.But it is not a matter for individual effort alone\u2014all must work together for its eradication.There will be no choice in the matter in the programme that is being inaugurated in the United States\u2014all farmers are asked to co-operate; those who follow instructions laid down will be rewarded by the government; those who fail to clean up their fields will have the work done for them and charged against them to be collected like taxes.The need for co-operative effort is set forth in the aforementioned bulletin in the following words: \u201cThe ability of the moths to fly long distances and their tendency to spread suggests that this insect cannot be held in check by a few corn growers attempting to deal with the problem as individuals.Protection of the crop from this insect requires that the control practices be applied by the community as a whole.Every farmer in the infested localities growing garden or field corn will have to incorporate clean corn culture in his farm practice if thtis crop is to continue to provide a profitable source of forage and grain for the agricultural industry of Quebec.\u201d A COUPLE OF SEASONABLE REMINDERS - Every year at about this time we become fired with a desire to give advice.Why this should be we do not know.The generosity of Nature at this season may be the stimulant \u2014 or perhaps it is because all other farm papers that we read are filled with wisdom in the springtime, and that this urge is contagious like measles.There are so many bits of advice that are timely at the beginning of the farmer\u2019s busy season.The cautionary word concerning the machinery to be used in the spring rush, for example.How necessary it is that it be looked over, put in working shape, supplied with any needed repairs before the day it is required.And the matter of the cleaning and treating for smut of the grain that is to be used for seed.Those who know us personally, and are acquainted with our penchant for leaving off work till the last minute, will perhaps be amused at the readiness with which such advice drips from our pen.But we submit that it is the man who sometimes gets behind who really knows how necessary it is to make a conscious effort to be up with one\u2019s work.The real reason for advising that every possible thing be done beforehand to speed up the springtime work on the farm is not that it is uncomfortable to be behind, or that it results in spoiled tempers and profane language\u2014although these thing are themselves bad enough.It is essentially a financial consideration that urges us to advise forehandedness.In other words, years of experiment in the fields here at Macdonald College have shown that there is a distinct reduction in the yields secured from grain crops that are not sown on time.Barley, for instance, shows a falling off of about five bushels for each week\u2019s delay in seeding after the first seeding, the average date of which at Macdonald is April 26.Medium ripening oats show even greater reductions in yield through delays in seeding\u2014a six year average showing a yield of 73 bus.for a first seeding (about April 25), 64 bus.from a second seeding a week later, dropping to 42 bus.from the sixth seeding (the weight per bushel dropped as well).Red Fife wheat, over six years, showed constant and fairly regular decreases in yields from sowings made later than the first (April 25).Where the first averaged 35 bus.to the acre, the second gave 29, and the sixth 13.And the effect on grass seedings is even more marked.Of course the possibilities in this advice giving business are very great.One might go on and on.But space limits, fortunately.There is one other thought, however, that we should like to throw out at this time.This concerns itself with our maple groves.It was our privilege one day last summer to walk through a very fine maple grove in the hilly country of the Eastern Townships, so famous for its maples.And there, in that grove, was a most instructive lesson for anyone who wished to read it.It was a lesson 140 Ge JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO., Limited, 73 St.James St.Montreal NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agri- culturel societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.in conservation, in the conservation of the source of supply of one of our unique products.In short, it was a lesson in the treatment of this important part of the farm enterprise.For the grove had been divided in two by a fence, and one side was pastured while the other side was not.The fence had been placed there only two years ago, and at the request of the Superintendent of the Quebec Demonstration Farms (for this was one of the farms that have been taken under the control of this service).Previous to that time the whole grove was run over by the cattle.But the two years had shown just what the difference might be.The side pastured was devoid of young trees; the side that had been protected for the past two years was thick with sturdy young maples coming along to take the place of those now yielding sap when the latter shall have lived their life.Surely if the maple industry is worth engaging in it is worth conserving.Every year sees the area more circumscribed from which the world\u2019s supply of maple products must come.And we cannot think of any other use to which the more rocky portions of these Eastern Township farms might be put that would be more profitable than that of furnishing the raw materials for these products.Yet thousands of acres of fine maple woods are pastured year after year, to the blotting out of any young growth.True, the yielding trees are not trodden down by the cattle\u2014but we must look to the future.We must plan for the trees to be tapped by our sons.And the amount of food gleaned by the cows in pasturing these woods is but a bagatelle.It is not worthy to be compared to the value of the young growth of trees that would result from a few years\u2019 rest for the grove, Development of Economic Life Dr H.D.Brunt HAT were the advantages of the Industrial Revolution ?What gains in economic life are to be attributed to this great change ?1.It caused the building up of great cities.In our next article, the disadvantages and defects of large cities will be discussed.But the development of art, education, scientific research, mechanical invention, hygienic conditions of life are to be attributed, in part, to this concentration of wealth and population in restricted areas.In so far as these amenities of life affect rural and small town life, they come from large centres of wealth and population.Let me anticipate one objection\u2014the city slum.There are two answers: a.The objector\u2019s experience is limited if he knows nothing of rural and small town slums.b.The hygienic and housing conditions of mediaeval and even 18th century cities were appalling.In some respects they were each one great slum.The concentration of population accentuated those conditions for a time, But it was in the city that new developments in proper housing, food and hygienic conditions took place.The slum is a survival of the past rather than a creation of the new industrial conditions.The Late Prof.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 2.It has provided the necessities and luxuries in greater abundance for ever-widening circles of people.The luxury of today becomes the necessity of to-morrow.Poverty is relative\u2014the standard of living of a skilled mechanic of today is at least equal, in some respects superior, to that of the nobility of the 17th century.Lucullus, the great Roman epicure, had brought to him, at enormous expense, fruits and meats that a middle class family eat from a can with greater certainty of purity and safety.3.In its telephone, phonograph, cinema, radio, picture-reproduction processes, it has made possible the knowledge and enjoyment of masterpieces of all forms of art for the most humble.4.It has annihilated distance.As I watched the marvel of Lake Louise, a woman remarked to me, \u201cthese dreadful tourists, they spoil everything\u201d.Part of the charm for her lay in exclusiveness, like the possession of rare jewels.I rejoice in opportunities for tourists\u2014the blasé Londoner who has never visited the Tower or Westminister Abbey, falls below the level of the most strident and nasal American tourist who has crossed the seas to visit what history has consecrated for him, 5.It has removed pain and prolonged life, by labor-saving devices, safety guards; lessened hours of labor; and by hygienic, surgical and medical discoveries has made life richer, safer and more adequate.Former Editor of The Journal of Agriculture dies at Macdonald College, in his 63rd year.: e THE LATE PROFESSOR WILLIAM LOCHHEAD ILLIAM LOCHHEAD, emeritus professor of entomology and zoology in Macdonald College, died at his home in Ste.Anne de Bellevue on Saturday afternoon.Prof.Lochhead, who was one of the senior members of the original staff of the college and of the Faculty of Agriculture of McGill University, had vetired from active work in September, 1925, on account of heart trouble, which was the cause of his death.He had a wide circle of friends, not only in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario, which were the scenes of his lifework, but also in scientific, agricultural and educational circles elsewhere.Prof.Lochhead was in his sixty-third year, having been born in the County of Perth, Ontario, April 3, 1864.He was educated in the Listowel High School and graduated B.A.in McGill University in 1885.and M.Sc.in Cornell University (Ithaca, N.Y.) in 1895.He taught as science master in several Ontario collegiate institutes: Perth, 1886-8; Galt, 1889-04; Napanee, 1895-6; London, 1896-8.before joining the staff of the Ontario Agricultural College as professor of biology, which position he held from 1808 to 1905.He was then appointed professor of biology in Macdonald College and acted as one of Dr.J.W.Robertson\u2019s chief advisers in the organization of the institution, in whose service the remainder of his life was spent.When the department of biology was divided in 1920, Prof.Lochhead\u2019s title was altered to Professor of Entomology and Zoology.As entomologist, Prof.Lochhead\u2019s most important contributions to knowledge were studies of the Hessian fly, the San jose and related scale insects and the pea-weevil.He was the author of a textbook of economic entomology and of an introduction to heredity and genetics, Other publications of his related to weeds and fungous diseases of plants.He was a prominent member of the Ontario Entomological Society, serving as president in 1902-4; of the American Society of Economic Entomology; of the American Nature Study Society, of which he was vice-president in 1910; and of the Ottawa Field Naturalists\u2019 Club; and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and of the Canadian Society of Technical Agriculturists.He organized the Quebec Society for the Protection of Plants in 1908, and served as its president up to the time of his retirement from college work.EDITORIAL WORK In addition to his investigational and educational work, Prof.Lochhead\u2019s services to agriculture included twelve year\u2019s editorship of the monthly Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture, of the Quebec Department of Agriculture (1908-20).One of his last services to Macdonald College was a mission to the public schools of the United Kingdom to present to the boys the opportunities open to them in agriculture in Canada.This was in the winter of 1923-24, Mrs.Lochhead, who survives her husband, was Miss Lilias Grant, of Windsor, Ont.Their only child, Dr.A.Grant Lochhead, is Dominion Agricultural Bacteriologist, head of one of the divisions of the Dominion experimental farms system and resides in Ottawa.John Lochhead, of London, Ont.George Lochhead, of Atwood, Ont., and Alexander Lochhead, of Ontario, Ore., are surviving brothers, and Mrs, James Lineham, of Vancouver, Oregon, a sister.Prof.Lochhead was a member of the University Club of Montreal, a member of the Gamma Alpha and Sigma Xi fraternities, an elder of the United Church of Canada and a Liberal in politics.Upon his retirement, an oil portrait was presented to Macdonald College by his friends and associates and a tribute paid by one of them on that occasion well summed up the estimate of his friends: \u201cA profound scholar in both literature and science, a superior teacher, a successful and original investigator, a wise administrator, an example of high integrity and nobility of purpose, and above all, a prince of good companions, his memory will always be cherished by those who have known him.\u201d J.F.S. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 141 THE ECONOMICS OF AGRICULTURE Some of the Problems to be Studied in the Field of Farming By Dr.J.E.Lattimer, Dept.of Farm Economics, Macdonald College.T is a great privilege to have the opportunity of discussing the subject of farm economics, as the need for increased attention to the economic problems of agriculture is everywhere being realized and commanding everywhere increased attention.The word economics is of Greek derivation, being a combination of two Greek terms signifying house management.When every free man had four or five slaves at his command, it was natural that economic problems should be somewhat confined to house or home management.At a later period when principalities were being combined into nations at the close of the middle ages, considerable confidence developed in the theory that nations could make themselves rich by statute.During that period economics came to be known as political economy.Inventions of the latter part of the 18th century, which started what is known as the industrial revolution, made possible a great division of labor.The division of labor now prevailing is responsible for the increased interest in the subject by each individual family, and now economics is a more common term than political economy.The economic problems of the farm during this development have not received a great deal of attention.When farms were largely self-sufficing this was to be expected, and the omission not keenly felt.Today with agriculture commercialized and farms producing for market rather than for home consumption the economic problems of the industry demand greater attention.Hence we note a comparatively new subject developing, namely, the economics of agriculture, In the United States this development has been recently rapid, in Germany significant, and last year a chair cas endowed at the University of Oxford for the study of this subject.The necessity for such a development need not be elaborated on.The need for the study is apparent.Commercialized agriculture demands it.But just what do we mean by the economics of agriculture?And what does it include?A brief examination of these questions is the subject of this discussion.The economics of agriculture is briefly the application of the principles of economics to farm problems.For too long this aspect of the industry has been neglected.We have advanced farther in the technique of farming than we have in the equally important matter of farm organization and business management.The discoveries and application of science have done much in enabling two blades to grow where one grew before.This has been a great work, and much remains to be done along this line.The pressing need of the immediate present, however, appears to be to insure if possible that the growing of the two blades shall afford some profit after they are grown, Just what does this subject include?One of the first problems to be stressed is\u2014 1.Farm organization and management.This large subject may be 11 cents per pound.Another farmer receiving the same price during the same season reports a loss of a few cents on the hog raising enterprise.With discrepancies such as this prevailing, it is plain that we have not in this matter of cost of production yet exhausted the subject.The farm layout and the size of the unit in area are more or less the result in a young country of the original settlement.This brings us to another closely related subject, name- ly\u2014 2.Land Settlement.It is usually the case that we do a certain thing and afterwards study how it should be done.Sir John Seeley in \u201cThe Expansion of England\u201d remarks that we seem to have conquered and peopled half the world in a fit of absence of mind.Under such conditions it is not surprising if some errors were made, The system of farm organization now prevalent in Canada evolved largely from the experimental or trial and error method.We have settled farmers on land clearly intended for forests and are now returning this land to what it was intended for not without some expense to the public.We have allowed farmers to locate on land more suitable at this stage of our development to ranching and later moved them at no smali amount of trouble and expense.Many of our earlier errors have been corrected, however.The system at present prevailing is no mean system, judged by its results.Yet more care should be taken in our colonization.In a country where over half of the land suitable for agriculture is yet to settle, this matter cannot be too carefully studied.A consideration of this subject brings us to another closely connected one, which is\u2014 3.Land policy.The question is, should farming as an industry be expanded?If so, just how and where?These are questions which farmers are beginning to take a keener interest in, and this is to be expected as they are coming to realize that the profits in the business depend primarily upon the question of the competition which they have to meet.Just a year ago the Master of the Grange in the United States in a carefully prepared address commented on the lack of a land poliey in that country.He remarked that there was a time when a land policy did exist in that country.It was embodied in a song, which ran something like this \u201cUncle Sam is rich enough to give every man a farm\u201d.Now the farmers of that country are wondering how they are going to get rid of their troublesome surplus of farm products.Does it require very profound thinking to connect these two things as cause and effect?Could we expect to settle a continent containing some of the richest soil in the world as rapidly as this continent has been settled without some temporary surplus in some lines of farm products ?In the United States they have recently evolved a new definition of a farm which they describe as a neglected plot of land entirely surrounded by prosperity.This probably accounts for the frantic efforts to get off the world market by means of the McNary-Haugen Bill which has been vetoed and the Lenroot-Taber Bill which has been passed.In this country, however, we are not afraid of a surplus of farm products.The greater the surplus the better, as we are used to competing in a world market.The question of expansion of farming and the competition to be expected immediately raises another important problem, namely\u2014 4.Marketing.It is impossible to consider production apart from marketing.It is just as impossible to separate these questions as it is to try to divorce the two factors demand and supply.And much of our confusion arises from trying to do just this.Sir George Paisch said recenty at Montreal, that if Europe had sufficient purchasing power they would pay $2.00 per bushel for Canadian wheat.He was revealing to us only the demand side.Of course they would, if they had enough money, pay $2.00 per bushel for wheat, but only on one condition, and that is, provided they could not get it from Canada or any other country for less than $2.00 per bushel.That was the part omitted in that address.À commodity is produced when it is in the form required at the place required at the time required.Therefore we see that the production of wheat includes the growing, transporting and selling of it.There is a somewhat common belief that the grower has not been recently getting as well rewarded for his effort in his part of the work as those who furnish the marketing service.The grower has not been securing an even break.He has not had a fifty-fifty division, at least it is rather an unusual fifty-fifty division.During the war, when food was more scarce than it now is, the manager of a delicatessen store in London, England, was brought before the court and charged with using horse meat in his rabbit pies.He told the court that he used horse and rabbit meat in his pies on a fifty-fifty basis.Fifty-fifty, one horse to one rabbit.Farmers have recently suspected that this is about the style of the fifty-fifty division which they have been getting.This has led to a greater interest in marketing, and the question of whether they can do their own marketing more economically or not brings us to the question of \u2014 5.Co-operation.Co-operative enterprise is an advantage and almost a necessity for farmers, as it increases their bargaining power.It is about the only way in which their bargaining power may be increased, as the farming industry is of necessity carried on by a large number of small units.The possible benefits through co-operation are many, depending on the variety of the product handled, the loyalty of the members and the efficiency treated from the angle of the individual farm and also that of society in general.The management of the individual farm includes the type of farming to be followed, the selection of farm enterprises, the size of the farm, the farm layout and the combination of the different factors of production which will make the whole enterprise profitable.This includes the necessity for and advantages of farm bookkeeping and cost accounting.We hear quite frequently about the cost of production of a bushel of wheat, a pound of butter, a gallon of milk and so on.What do we know about our cost of production?The Department of Agriculture in this province on its demonstration farms found that in 1925 one farmer produced hogs for less than 4 cents per pound, and sold them of the management secured.Co-operation has, however, its limitations.Some so- called co-operatives have unsuccessfully attempted to fix prices arbitrarily.This has been futile because of outside competition and the antagonism of the consumer.The restriction of production has been sometimes advocated.This has been hard to bring about because of the large number of producers, their independence and the fact that co-operation is not by any means dictation.What is needed is not so much restricted production or controlled production, but planned production, which is quite a different thing.Cooperation by bringing the grower in closer touch with market demands may greatly assist planned production.It is hard to maintain balanced production in farming just the same as in any for around 15 cents, thereby showing a profit of about A picturesque farm in the Laurentian Country near Lakeview, Quebec.(Continued on page 154) 142 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE SPRING REMINDERS FOR THE HOG MAN By E.W.Crampton, Animal Husbandry Dept., Macdonald College.ITH the passing of March, the bulk of the spring pigs have arrived.Not all of the details of their early management are completed, however, with the passing of the farrowing date.In fact it is not until the pigs have been weaned and have been \u201con their own\u201d for a month or so that we can safely feel that the close attention period is over.During this period there are two operations which should be done promptly after farrowing, though if neglected at that time are still better done late than not at all.The first is the removal of the eight sharp \u201cblack teeth\u201d with which the pig is born.These teeth are of no use to the pig, and are very frequently a source of considerable trouble to the hog man.One of the troubles chargeable to these teeth is the reluctance shown by some sows to allow more, done at that time there is no bleeding of the ear and no trouble in handling the pig.If it is not done then, it must be done before weaning time if it is to serve its purpose.Many pure-bred breeders look with suspicion on a registered pig that has no marks by which to identify him with his pedigree.CASTRATING THE BOARS At or before weaning, all male pigs not intended for breeding should be castrated.As to just when this operation is best done there is a good deal of difference of opinion.Until recently, however, no data were available bearing on this question.Realizing that the common practice of castrating and weaning pigs at the same time usually results in a check in their growth, an experiment was organized at the University of Wisconsin to de- usually a big step and one that nature makes no provision for.Where pigs are weaned by the sow, the change comes much more gradually, and at a later date in the pig's life than is the case in most practice today.This means that particular care must be given the feeding of the youngsters at this period if no check in growth is to be encountered.It is not the purpose of this article to go into a full discussion of this subject, but rather to offer a few suggestions which may be pertinent and possibly of use to some.(1) Be particularly careful that newly weaned pigs are not overfed.Much of their clamor at the trough is due to their missing their mother.For a week after weaning it is far better to err on the side of underfeeding than to over- their pigs to nurse.Their teats get sore from contact termine if possible just what effects castration feed.e with these needle-like teeth, and the sow will not itself had on the growth of young pigs.(2) Feed at less three times a day.Allow at each submit to the subsequent discomfort of nursing The results of this trial are summarized as feed what the pigs will clean up in 10 minutes.long enough to properly feed her family.This may follows : At the end of that time empty the trough if be noticed In the ot suddenly same up hon (1) Castration of pigs at birth may slightly in- there is feed left.Do not allow feed to stand in disowning her Sites entirely after two.three or crease the mortality.front of them from one feed to the next.four weeks.\u2019 (2) Castration at birth or at four to five weeks of (8) If skim milk or buttermilk is available, use A second difficulty often encountered where these age does not cause a noticeable check in the about 4 lbs.of meal to a gallon of milk for teeth are not removed is that of infected sores growth of the pig.newly weaned pigs.If this is too thick, add around the heads, ears, or mouths of the pigs.In (3) There is no significant difference in the rate water.This relates only to the proportions of their play and fights the skin on these parts is of growth up to weaning time of male pigs milk and meal for the most economical use of broken by the teeth and sores develop which may castrated at birth and male pigs castrated at the feeds\u2014not in any way to the amounts to hecome quite serious.four to five weeks of age.be fed per day.The removal of these teeth is quite a simple To castrate a small pig is a very simple matter.(4) If no milk is available, include 5 lbs.of 60% matter and a job which anyone can do.It is merely Lhe greatest trouble usually lies in the holding of Digester Tankage and 5 lbs.of Linseed Oilmeal necessary to get hold of them with a pair of pincers the pig.The handiest scheme the writer has ever in each 100 lbs.of meal.and with a quick twist, break them off at the gums, tried makes use of an old V-shaped feed trough.The (5) Be sure that the meal intended for weanlin This can very nicely be done as soon as the pigs holder\u201d straddles the trough with his kness on the pigs does not contain large amounts of fibre.are born.At that time it does not disturb the sow, floor.The pig is laid in the V on its back, headed It will pay to sift the hulls out of ground oats whereas later on the little fellows will squeal when the opposite ho from the folder.20 hold him or mixed feed.Middlings, corn, hominy and they are handled and may excite the mother to the Securely It Is out necessary for the holder to sit : .EL ahs ; y y down on the pig.Much or little pressure, according sifted oats are all low in fibre, while unsifted A point that she will, in her efforts to get at the operator, trample the pigs when they are returned to her.EAR MARKING Another practice not always followed by breeders, but which is advisable, especially where more than one litter is farrowed, is that of marking the pigs, either individually or by litters.The reason for it may be illustrated by an incident which occurred last season.The writer was looking for a voung boar pig and visited one farm where there were four litters of pigs all of about the same age.They had been weaned about a month, Among them were four boars.Of these four, one was selected tentatively, and then we asked to see its sire and dam.We were taken out into an adjoining orchard where the four sows and the herd boar were being kept.As a matter of general interest all of the sows were inspected and then the owner was asked which sow was the mother of the pig selected.\u201cWell\u201d, he said, \u201cPm not just sure.It\u2019s either this one here or the one away over beyond.I'm sure \u2018it\u2019s one of those two because they have the long snouts like the pig, and 1 rather think it\u2019s this sow here.\u201d The point it, \u201cthinking\u201d is not good enough.How can a man register his pigs correctly if he himself isn\u2019t sure which sows are the dams of which litters?And if pigs are not accurately registered, how is the pure-bred breeder to carry on?Would you buy a pig as a prospective sire in a pure-bred herd if you were not sure he was the product of the mating indicated in his pedigree?The problem of marking pigs sufficiently to identify them as the product of a given sow is so easily met that there is little excuse for its omissions Everything considered, notching the ears of the pigs is probably the most satisfactory scheme.Tattooing cannot be read without catching the pig, and metal tags put into the ears, in addition to being illegible at a distance, will not stay in the ears very long, especially when the pigs are put out of doors.For most purposes it is quite satisfactory to mark all pigs of the same litter alike.An ear punch such as is used to put tags into the ears is as good as any to make the notches.Don\u2019t make the notches to amount necessary to hold the pig securely, can be had by shifting the weight from the knees to the pig.The sides of the trough prevent the pig from turning and also take some of the weight of the man.Using this method of holding, the hind legs may be held loosely in whatever position will best facilitate the operation.Pigs weighing up to 80 or 90 pounds may be quite easily held in this manner and the operation performed with ease and dispatch.WEANING Weaning is perhaps the most serious experience the small pig must go through, at least in so far as his uninterrupted growth is concerned.The change from his mother\u2019s milk to a man-made ration is oats, barley, bran and shorts are considerably higher in this ingredient.The dairy byproducts, of course, contain no fibre.RUNTS In spite of the best of cars there is likely to be the odd runt develop among the litters.What cause may be responsible in any given case is often never known.But the treatment is known\u2014cull all such individuals as soon as they can be spotted, Feeding runty pigs is simply investing the profits from a bunch of good-doers in a losing proposition.It is cheaper by far in the end to bury them as soon as they appear.Profits are increased as surely by cutting off the losers as by adding winners.Rags ER FE too large or they will disfigure the ear later on.On the other hand, if made too shallow they will \u201cgrow out\u201d.A notch 1%\u201d deep is about right if done before the pig is a week old.This operation can also be done at birth.Then there is no chance of a mistake in litters.Further- The above beautiful pasture scene, taken on Grayburn Farms, the erty \"Ge G 1 .: Property of F.G.Gale, Watervill shows a number of the interesting Jerseys in the Grayburn herd.\"Among them are Sophie's Delphine.Mednl of Merit record of 880 lbs.fat and another record of 910 Ibs.fat which makes her the fourth highest producing Jersey in Canada; her daughter Plain Mary\u2019 i RO ; # i 2 : ¥'s Delphine, 485 Ibs, of fat ak a earl Helen Merrick, 704 Ibs.of fat, this being the highest of three good records, Torono Raleigh Lois, a Silver Medal two-yenr-old record of 569 Ibs.of fat, ete, ete,, The Grayburn Farms Herd now numbers 250 head of fully eee Pre In 6 ey, Writes Mr.Gale.\u201cNever has there been a re-actor on the farms, 34 N were so n n anadian Provinces and 4 Sta , .> Fe ee a ie, Canadian and 4 tes of the United States.The Highest Producing + THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 148 The \u2018white faces\u201d whick have made for themselves such a secure place on the Western prairies seem quite ut home on this Laurentian farm, Essentials in Forage Crop Culture By Dr.A.McTaggart, Agronomy Dept., Macdonald College.N the culture of forage crops of various kinds, which play so important a part in the agricultural economy of so great a livestock country as Canada, there are certain essential factors attention to which (as far as possible) spells success, and, on the contrary, neglect of which often means failure.What are these essentials, consideration of and attention to which in normal years ensure adequate provision of good-quality feed for the needs of the livestock kept ?There are at least seven of them, which will be discussed in turn in their natural order.SUITABLE SOIL Forage crops vary in accordance with their adaptation to soil types.In general, the deeper- rooted crops\u2014such as alfalfa, red clover, and sweet clover\u2014require well-drained soils to allow for adequate expansion of their naturally extensive root systems.They require, also, soils with more or less open subsoils to permit of root penetration.Soils in a good or fair state of fertility and possessed of an adequate supply of lime favour their best growth, though it is admitted that sweet clover will grow in poorer soils and soils supplied with less lime than those required for the successful culture of the other two crops mentioned.Sandy soils and muck soils are unsuitable for the growth of red clover and alfalfa, while alsike clover will grow in both, and sweet clover will grow in the first-named soil type.Timothy does best in a clay loam soil; tall oat grass in a free open soil such as sandy loam or gravelly loam; bent grasses (chief representative Red Top) in naturally moist soils such as clays, clay loams, and even low-lying soils that are more or less inadequately drained.Meadow foxtail, and to some extent meadow fescue, also prefer moist soils.In general, the shallow-rooted grasses, such as the bents and Canada bluegrass, prefer moist soils, and will do better than most grasses on poorish acid soils.Kentucky bluegrass prefers a richer, better drained soil type, and does best in a soil well supplied with lime.The deeper- rooting grasses (tall oat grass, western rye grass, brome grass, the wheat grasses of the West, and the fine fescues) are best adapted to the better drained more open soils, represented best by the sandy loams.And so one might go on to indicate other adaptations between forage plant species and soil type; but sufficient have been mentioned to indicate how desirable it is to grow crops that are more or less naturally adapted to definite soil types and conditions.PROPERLY-PREPARED SOIL Though forage plants vary with respect to the soil type in which they do best, yet there are very few of them that will not respond to an increase in fertility brought about in that soil type\u2014by the addition of organic matter or fertilizers or both and by proper cultivation of the soil.A soil naturally low in organic matter can be greatly improved for the successful growth of forage crops by a goodly application of well-rotted farm manure, usually applied to the previous crop in the rotation, namely, corn or roots, The legumes (alfalfa, red clover, etc.) will at least grow with a greater measure of success if lime in adequate quantity (depending upon the s0il\u2019s lime requirement) is applied to the land, provided of course the soil calls for lime.For legumes and the finer grasses the use of some suitable phosphate, such as superphosphate or basic slag, in addition to both farm manure and lime where these are needed, will contribute somewhat to the increasing of both yield and quality in these forage crops.The preparation of the soil by cultivation is also highly important.The land having been well ploughed, to a depth which the surface soil will permit, it should be brought into a fine mellow condition by thorough disking and harrowing.Prior to seeding, the use of the roller or packer will compact the surface soil and so promote a fine yet firm seedbed, which is important for the reception and ready germination of the small seeds which characterize the majority of forage crops.In general, the principle of \u201cthe finer the seed the finer the seedbed\u201d should be adopted; and with fineness should go compaction or firmness, particularly for the very fine seeds such as the clovers, alfalfa and grasses.Compaction promotes capillarity or upward (in general) flow of available soil water to the sprouting seed and young plantlets, thereby assisting the crop to more readily become established.In the case of alfalfa, particularly, it is very important that the seedbed be entirely free from weeds, for this crop is specially sensitive to competition with weeds «during the period of its establishment\u2014the first year, the most critical year in the life of the crop.To ensure the land being as free as possible from weeds before seeding alfalfa, it is good practice to precede it with at least one crop of potatoes, corn or roots, which crop should be thoroughly intercultivated, mainly to destroy as many weeds as possible.Should this not suffice to get rid of all weeds, the land may be thoroughly worked with cultivator and harrows at intervals of a week or ten days the following spring.This system kills the weeds as the weed seeds germinate.When it is pretty certain that the land has thereby been well cleaned, seeding can be undertaken.This usually will be about the first week in July.If the season is too dry at this time for alfalfa seeding, it had better be delayed until the following spring, the land meantime being occupied by some late-seed- ed crop, preferably one that can be intercultivated.Seeding alfalfa in land whose weeds have not been thoroughly eradicated is waste of money and time.Much of the failure with this crop has been in large measure due to neglect of this self-same factor.The provision of a clean seedbed for the reception of forage crop seeds of all kinds is desirable, to eliminate the competition with weeds menace, but this provision is particularly important for the successful establishment of the alfalfa crop.Inoculation of the soil for the growth of alfalfa or sweet clover particularly is also important in the event of either of these crops not having been grown before on the area chosen.The same organism is associated with the roots of both crops.SUITABLE VARIETY OR VARIETAL STRAIN The growth of a variety or varietal strain suited to the climate of the region is also highly important.This is best illustrated by reference to the alfalfa variety Grimm\u2014a variety that was evolved, mainly by unconscious natural selection, to withstand severe winters.Its hardiness is such that it is grown extensively all through the northern United States and across Canada.Indeed, it has been grown successfully by the Canadian Department of Agriculture as far north as Ft.Vermilion, 350 miles north of Edmonton, Alberta.Strains of this and of other hardy alfalfa are being selected and tested at various Canadian Agricultural colleges and stations, including Macdonald College.These strains have been selected and are being tested for hardiness principally, but other desirable qualities such as yield, quality and resistance to disease have been constantly considered during the processes of selection and testing.Red Clover, which is not consistently winter hardy in Quebec Province, is also being subjected to selective improvement, particularly from the standpoint of hardiness.In due course hardy strains will be available for- testing out elsewhere in the Province and, it is hoped, for use generally by Quebec farmers.Meantime, the commendable system of using ordinary Quebec-grown seed of regional varieties or Northern seed (seed grown principally in the northern districts of Ontario) is highly to be desired.Canadian-grown seed is assuredly superior to any seed, however well it looks, from outside sources, for our seed is the product of plants that have survived at least one Canadian winter, and in many instances is the result of natural selection through repeated seeding and repeated survival of northern winters.Where such seed of hardy regional varieties is not obtainable in quantity on account of poor weather conditions in North America for red clover seed production, as occurred in the season of 1926, temporary use of seed from Northern European countries (particularly those with hard winters) seems to be this country\u2019s only alternative until such time as abundant hardy red clover seed is again produced in Canada.It should, however, be stated here that alsike and alfalfa seed which are more abundant, may be used as a partial substitute.Certain grasses, such as timothy, which are being improved for hardiness, yield, quality, length of growing season, and resistance to disease, in like manner are preferable to their unimproved varieties.In due course strains of such grasses will also be available for test and general culture out in the Province.Meantime, the use of seed of the ordinary regional varieties grown in Quebec, as in the case of red clover, is preferable to that of seed from non- Canadian sources, for the reasons indicated above.Home-grown seed or Northern seed (all Canadian) represents the product of duly acclimated and winter-tried forage crop regional varieties.Suitable variety, or improved varietal strain (if available), is thus an important factor in the culture of forage crops\u2014so important, indeed, in certain crops such as alfalfa and red clover, that its neglect often means failure with that crop.GOOD SEED OT only should seed from hardy and otherwise suitable varieties or varietal strains be used, but that seed \u2018should be as free as possible from weed seeds and other impurities and should possess good germination.The highest grade of seed is \u201cRegistered\u201d, which should be grown extensively, where \u2018available, for it represents improvement with respect to the more important forage crop characters including hardiness, a high degree of plant uniformity and of seed purity and cleanliness, and high germinating power.Such desirable qualities embodied in forage crop seeds are bound to exert their powerful influence upon the yield and quality of the crops harvested and stored for winter keep of livestock.Failing the securing of Registered seed, the farmer should obtain and seed the next best, namely, No.1 commercial seed of forage crops grown, if possible, for seed under Canadian climatic conditions, or, better still, under Quebec climatic conditions.The purchase of at least No.1 seed will be deemed \u201cgood business\u201d particularly when it is realized that even such seed may contain, according to law, as many as 100 weed seeds of all kinds per ounce, while Nos.2 and 3 grades may contain as many as 250 and 500, respectively, weed seeds (noxious or otherwise) 144 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE per ounce.This means that with a seeding of mixed grasses and clovers, seeded at say 15 lbs.per acre, it is possible within the law to purchase therein and seed the folowing numbers of weed seeds by use of the three grades of seed mentioned: weed seeds Total weed seeds Mixture Grade Total No.seeded per Sq.yard 0 seeded per acre.No.1 24,000 5.0 No.2 60,000 12.4 No.3 120,000 24.8 These figures are also applicable to each of the more common grass and clover seeds and alfalfa on the basis of 15 lbs.per acre seeding rate.PROPER SEEDING Adequate seed per acre is important, for in general it influences the thickness and weed-content of the stand ultimately obtained.Liberal seeding promotes thorough covering of the land surface by young forage plants and obliterates vacant spaces in which weeds readily grow from seeds already in the soil.Consequently, a better quality hay or pasture results from a satisfactory seeding rate.The seeding should be ample enough to cover the ground with superior vegetation, but should not be excessive thereby promoting waste of seed.Of course, if the sced is of poor or doubtful germination, extra liberal seceding may be practised.Should the soil be on the poor side, also, a little extra seed may be seeded; while on rich soils the minimum rates prescribed for seeding the various forage crops hold.The following table shows the various rates of seeding usually employed in growing various forage crops: RATES OI SEEDING \u2014 Ibs.per acre.VARIETY With Cereal In mixture with Sown alone Nurse Crop grasses, etc.Timothy .} .8-10 fhs.with Red Clover Kentucky Blue- RTrAss .o| «ooo.2-10 with timothy Meadow fescue |.8-10 with Red clover Red Top .| .2-4 with timothy and alsike Alfalfa .12-20 12-15 0.5 \u2014 5.0 Red Clover .| .|.coi iit.6-8 with timothy Alsike .|.o.oo aa ae 4-8 with timothy 2-4 with other pasture plants, White Clover .Sweet Clover .12-24 12-20 Depth of sceding is also an important factor.In general, the principle of shallow seeding for small seeds and deeper seceding for the larger forage crop seeds holds good.The type of soil of course exerts an influence.Consequently, with the above- mentioned principle there is combined the following: in heavy soil avoid deep seeding while in light porous soil deeper seeding is permissible.In the seeding of alfalfa and in the seeding down of grass and clover mixtures for hay ov pasture, or both, nurse crops are used \u2014 preferably barley (1 bus.) for the former and oats (2 bus.) for the latter.They serve to check weed growth, to shelter the young forage crop plants, to shade the ground surface, thercby preventing it from drying out, and to enable a crop (cercal) to be harvested the year of establishment of the forage crop.PROPER CARE Forage crops when once seeded require some care to ensure their future usefulness.Annual crops seeded in drills require periodic intercultivation to check weeds, to conserve moisture and to stimulate growth.Perennial forage crops should be eut regularly at the right stage, ordinarily about full bloom, Alfalfa should be mowed when the young shoots on the crowns of the plants are abundant throughout the stand yet are not long, ordinarily not more than % inch.In normal vears this corresponds to the stage when the alfalfa is 1/10 to 14 in bloom.A stubble of adequate length should be left so as to avoid mowing these young shoots, from whence the succeeding growth is derived.Should grass and weeds develop in the stand these should be eliminated by use of cultivator and harrows immediately after removal of the hay crop.Disking may be resorted to where the alfalfa is well established, and particularly where the soil is of a more or less loose nature.Adequate growth, for winter protection, should be permitted to develop after removal of the last cutting-\u2014ordinarily not later than the 11th of September.In cutting biennial sweet clover for the first time during its second year a goodly stubble (about 8 inches) should be left by the raised mower knife.Otherwise a second crop cannot be looked for, owing to the cutting away of the shoots in the axils of lowest branches, which shoots promote new growth.Pasturing late in the fall any meadow or pasture crop is deemed unwise, for by so doing inadequate growth exposes the crowns of the plants to winter injury from which in many instances they do not recover.Thus good management of fields, of forage crops, particularly the perennial kinds, is just as important for continued success therewith as good establishment conditions.PROPER CURING AND STORAGE Where forage crops are used for hay, as they frequently are, it is also important to see to it that the hay is well cured before drawing into the barn mow.If proper curing takes place in the field\u2014 where possible, by use of cocks, in which \u201csweating\u201d takes place\u2014and if every reasonable precaution is taken to ensure the drawing in of hay adequately dried, there is little danger of fire from spontaneous combustion, Clovers and alfalfa, or mixtures containing these call for special care in this respect, owing to the greater difficulty in drying out sufficiently these crops.Moreover, making hay from these crops by use of cocks, labour permitting, preserves the leaf, in which portion of the crop exists 80% of the protein.Having gone to the expense and trouble he has in the raising of forage crops, it behoves the farmer to not jeopardize his good efforts by carelessness in curing and storing the hay produced from valuable forage crops.Hence a timely warning of danger here in this stage of his operations may not be amiss, particularly in view of the continued prevalence of fires in barns filled to the roof with hay.Too much care in the field cannot be taken, particularly today when more legume hay (clovers and alfalfa) is produced and when the hay is rushed in from the windrow with the hay-loader\u2014an excellent labour-saving implement, but one which should not be misused by using it to rush in hay of doubtful fitness or of excessive moisture-content to justify storage.CONCLUSION F'orage crop culture is of immense importance in Canada, a great livestock country.It is attention to the details of such culture that makes possible high yields of well-cured forage and of pasture for the maintenance of and production from such livestock.Hence a resume, as above, of the essential cultural details may not be amiss.Latest About The Lenroot Bill Dy W.IF.Stephen, Secy, National Dairy Council.OTICES in the press of late have announced that the Lenroot Bill has passed the Senate of the United States and will become law within ninety days.This Bill need no longer be a terror to the 12,000 or more Canadian dairymen now shipping milk and cream to the United States.Practically the only man will not be able to hold the United W.F.Stephen of Huntingdon, Que., who, after 21 years service as Secretary of the Canadian Ayrshire Breeders\u2019 Association, takes office the first of this month as Secretary of the Nptional Dairy Council of Canada.His successor as guiding spirit of the Ayrshire breed is Gilbert McMillan, also of Huntingdon.States market will be the dairyman who will not comply with the conditions required, which are net unduly stringent.The Bill has had many amendments tacked to it and is very different from the original Bill presented last May, which officers of the National Dairy Council of Canada were able to hold up until opposition developed to the Bill in the United States.One of the United States Senators recently stated on the floor of the Senate-\u201cthat the Lenroot Bill had caused the most strenuous fight of any minor Bill that has come before the Senate for some years\u201d.and he further stated \u201cthat the fight had been a friendly one and that no ill-feeling had resulted\u201d.Every firm in the United States that draws milk or cream from Canada put up a strong fight against the Bill.Mr.Harry C.Taylor of New York, who is interested in several Canadian plants, fought the Bill for the Canadian interests and all the time kept in close touch with the Secretary of the National Dairy Council of Canada.He came over to Canada several times and along with Mr.Stephen and others had several conferences with the Minister of Agriculture, Hon.W.R.Motherwell and his Deputy, Dr.J.H.Grisdale.At the first conference a few weeks ago there were also present Mr.Geo.Barr, Dairy Commissioner for Ontario, and Mur.JE.Bourbeau, Dairy Inspector of uQebec, as well as representatives of the Railways and several of the largest milk and eream exporters.One of the requirements of the Bill is that of inspection of dairies.This temporary inspection the Federal Department have agreed to do with the assistance of the Provincial Departments.At the present time a set of regulations are being drawn up by Mr.W.M.Jardine, Secretary of Agriculture at Washington.When these regulations are completed an opportunity will be given to the proponents and opponents of the Bill to each present their side of the case.With this in view the Secretary of Agriculture at Washington has invited the Hon.Minister of Agriculture and his Deputy to go to Washington to discuss these regulations.W.F.Stephen, Secretary of the National Dairy Council has also been invited to attend the hearings of these regulations.It is quite possible that a hearing will be given late in March or early in April when Canadian Officials will be in attendance to look after the interests of Canadian dairymen.The Canadian Press of March 5th carried a message irom Washington stating that the second efficiency bill, which is the financial bill, failed of passage being defeated by a filibuster at the last meeting before the closing.This Bill carried the necessary funds for the operation of the Lenroot Bill for the balance of this fiscal year.Secretary Jardine says he does not see any way of getting any money to replace this shortage as the Departments are already short of funds for their other operations.However, the Department may use unexpended funds availab'e from balances of other Bills until such time as the new Congress can pass the Appropriation Bill, which will of course not be until next December.In the meantime Canadian Government Officials at Ottawa, also the Secretary of the National Dairy Council and Mr.M.M.Mahoney, Commerciai Secretary, Legation of the Dominion of Canada, and Mr.Taylor are looking after the interests of Canadian dairymen and exporters.Plant Diseases in Canada OR many years the Dominion Department of Agriculture has been making a careful and comprehensive survey of plant diseases in Canada with the result that a great deal of information on the geographical distribution of plant diseases in this country has been collected.This information is now given to the public in a new bulletin entitled \u201cA Summary of the Prevalence of Plant Diseases in the Dominion of Canada,\u201d which should prove of great value to plant pathologists, and of interest to agriculturists in general.The Summary records the economic importance of the diseases, traces their spread or stationary character in given localities, and notes their prevalence and dates of occurrence in successive years, often correlating them with prevailing weather conditions.Notice is also taken of observed differences in varietal susceptibility and resistance.The bulletin, which may be obtained from the Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, will serve as a basis for the recording of diseases new to the country.It will assist pathologists in the selection of problems for study and give the farming community a greater realization of the importance of plant diseases and the necessity of their control. THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 145 THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER A new pest in this province\u2014how to control it.article published in a recent number of The Journal, the European Corn Borer has been found in this province during the past season.In view of the seriousness of this pest, Prof.Georges Maheux, Provincial Entomologist for Quebec, has suggested that we bring this matter again to the attention of our readers by reprinting a few excerpts from the Quebec Bulletin No.92, prepared by Mr.Crawford of the Dominion Entomological Branch, and Prof.Maheux of Quebec, on \u201cThe European Corn Borer\u201d with special regard to the Quebec situation.This bulletin is a new one\u2014 published in 1927\u2014and should be in the hands of all who fear the ravages of this pest.The insect was found present in Quebec in the summer of 1926.Co-operative scouting by the officers of the Dominion and Quebec Departments of Agriculture, during that season proved that it was present in Chateauguay county, in the locality of Ormstown and St.Clothilde; in Huntingdon county, in the townships of Dundee, Hinchinbrook and Godmanchester; in St.John\u2019s county, in the seigneurie of Lacolle; and in Hull county, in the parishes of Templeton, Eardley and Aylmer.\" The rapid spread in Ontario, indicates that it will be but a few years until it will be found present in the entire corn growing area of Quebec.More important, however, than the rapid spread of the insect has been the exceedingly rapid increase in the numbers of the borer in the localities infested.In the counties of Essex and Kent, Ontario, in 1921 it was impossible to find the borer; by 1926 the entire corn crop was virtually ruined over an area of approximately 1200 square miles.THE EFFECT UPON THE CROP All types of corn are liable to infestation and complete ruin upon any acreage.Dent corn for fodder or grain, flint corn for fodder or grain, and sweet corn for early market or canning, have all been completely ruined over large acreages.The borers attack the corn stalk at any point above the ground.The effect depends upon the number of borers present.A badly infested stalk, with from 10 to 15 caterpillars feeding upon it, collapses by the end of the season (see illustration).The typical condition of such a stalk of field corn would be for most of the centre of the stalk to be eaten out, the tassel to be broken off entirely, and the stalk itself to be broken at two other points, one above and one below the cob.The cob in the majority of cases would be shrunken and undeveloped due to the feeding of the borers in the stalk proper and in the shank, and the damage still further increased by one or two borers feeding directly on the kernels of the ear, Under such conditions this insect is indeed a very serious pest.The result of its presence in Ontario has been that in 1926 the corn crop, on 1200 square miles in the counties of Essex and Kent, was damaged throughout as described above.The bulk of the corn over even a much greater area was without value for any commercial purpose.The farmers in the most severely infested districts have stopped growing corn of any kind, and corn canning factories have been forced to discontinue their operations.The infestation in Quebec is still some years removed from such conditions, yet there is little evidence for believing that the borer, if given an opportunity, would not cause equal havoc to the corn in more eastern areas.HOW TO RECOGNIZE CORN BORER INFESTATION The prompt detection of the presence of the borer in corn in the field, is very important as an indication when control activities must begin.Broken tassels are the first easily-noted sign of the presence of the borer both at the beginning of an infestation and during the season.In looking through a field for the corn borer, a special look-out should be kept for these broken tassels.Frequently tassels are broken by the wind at the first joint.When looking for the borer, however, examine first those broken in the middle of the shaft as this is where the tassel usually breaks following its infestation, This tassel infestation actually occurs before it has pushed out from the enfolding leaves.These broken tassels if infested, will show the tunnel inside the stem and usually A S has been pointed out to our readers in an By H.G.Crawford and Georges Maheux A badly infested and collapsed hill of dent corn from Kent County, Ontario, 1925.The corn upon hundreds of acres was practically as bad as this hill.the young borer which can easily be identified by its light color, dark head and the faint dark dots on the body.The later evidence of the borer requires closer observation until the stalks begin to break later in the season.Meanwhile the presence of the borer is shown by accumulations of moist sawdustlike castings chiefly in the axils of the leaves.Later, the stalks may break, the leaves may turn a reddish color or dry out completely, and if the attack is severe, the whole field will be made up of broken and dead stalks.CONTROL From the above outline of the rapid spread of this insect in Canada, its life-history and habits and the effect upon the corn crop in Ontario, no doubt can be felt as to the necessity or urgency for most determined application of control measures.Five years thorough study of the insect in Canada shows that with our present knowledge control can be obtained only by the complete destruction of the corn crop remnants of one year before the first of June of the newt year, either by feeding, ploughing under clean or by burning.The principle of control is based upon the fact that the borer remains in the corn stalk for its entire active life, except during the moth stage.This means that in eleven months of the year it is present in the corn stalks.This makes its destruction under mixed farming conditions very simple.Under these farming practices most of the stalks with the contained borers are naturally disposed of by feeding in one way or another, leaving as a rule only the refuse about the barnyard and the stubble in the field to receive special attention.PROPER CARE OF THE CROP The working out of the general recommendation for control will have to be modified slightly upon each farm to fit local conditions.The following suggestions may help in handling the crop so as to most easily bring about the greatest control with the least effort.1.Cut all the corn as low as possible, in order to remove the great bulk of borers from the fields with the stalks, thus leaving few in the stubble.2.Feed completely or burn all of the stalks harvested so that by June 1 no stalks or pieces of stalk are to be found about the barn, barnyard, feeding lot or field.All corn put into the silo is perfectly safe as almost all the borers are killed in the cutting box and the rest are killed by the heat during fermentation.The shredding of the corn stalks before feeding will kill most of the borers and enable the corn to be fed completely, and so is strongly recommended as a most valuable practice.Feeding the whole stalks dry disposes of all borers in the parts actually eaten but leaves a large amount of refuse which should be burned in the spring.Do not put corn stalks or remnants into the manure.All stalks and remnants which are used for bedding should be piled separately and burned before June 1.8.Uproot and burn all sweet corn stalks as soon as they have dried out after harvest.4.Plough all stubble under before June 1 so completely that it is all covered.Ploughing may be done in the fall or in the spring but always with care to keep all the stubble under.Later culture of this land should be with disc tools so as not to pull the stubble to the surface.The stubble brought to the surface by culture should be picked off by hand.When the stubble is turned under, the borers leave it and come to the surface of the ground.If the surface is free from stubble there is no place for them to harbor and almost all perish.If, however, stubble and refuse are left on the surface or brought up by later cultivation the borers on the surface simply tunnel into this refuse and come out as moths to continue the infestation.An example of first class disposal of corn refuse by ploughing (left) after harrowing 1924.(The illustrations on this page are used through the courtesy of the authors of Quebec Bulletin No.92). 146 \u2014The European Corn Borer was found in the Province of Quebec during the summer of 1926.| \u2014The presence of this insect is a most serious menace to successful and profitable corn culture, either for forage, grain or canning purposes.\u2014 The insect has shown that it can live and flourish throughout the corn area of the Province of Ontario and has increased in numbers and spread into new territory with great rapidity.\u2014The spread and damaging increase of this pest has occurred in a territory similar to the corn growing areas of Quebec and there is no reasonable hope that similar increase will not follow its presence in this Province.\u2014 Immediate precautions to keep the borer down to the lowest possible numbers should be taken by all farmers in infested districts.\u2014 Control can be brought about by the complete disposal of the crop remnants (stalks, stubble and refuse) of one year before June 1 of the next year, either by feeding, ploughing under clean, or by burning.\u2014The provincial and federal departments of agriculture will do their utmost to control the pest; to this end all interested parties should be ready to do their part.\u2014Whoever has reason to believe the European corn borer to be present in his field should at once inform the minister of agriculture, the chief entomologist or the district representative.5.Burn all corn refuse about the farm before June 1.Every piece of refuse about the farm may contain borers so that all corn remnants big and little still about the farm by the end of May should be carefully collected and burned.Be Careful When You Buy Dairy Cows F it is advantageous, in principle, to replace a few dairy cows in our herd with animals apt to increase the milk yield, we must not overlook the risks that we are courting in making new purchases.In fact, it is often remarkable that the origin of several diseases, particularly infectious abortion and bovine tuberculosis, is coincident with the appearance of new, undesirable animals.Consequently, when buying or exchanging dairy cows, we must act very carefully, because in that kind of trade, as in any other kind, all the bargains made do not always turn to the buyer's advantage.There are even cases where we find out that we have practically been victims of a fraud, that \u201cwe have been fooled\u201d.We suggest, very particularly, to buy only dairy cows that have undergone, without reaction, the T.B.test; however, we must not overlook the fact that there are unscrupulous breeders or traders who take all the means possible to prevent cows from reacting to the ordinary T.B.test, and in those cases, that test is not a certain proof that the animals in question are free from tuberculosis.When buying, we recommend, in the few days following the transaction, to have those animals put to the test once more, by a veterinarian in whom you have confidence, telling him that those animals have just been bought.The veterinarian, thus advised, will make a special test in view of frustrating the frauds, if there are any, and he will then be able to tell you positively if the animals are healthy or tuberculous.Many farmers would avoid troubles of the sort we have just been describing, which would be very easy to prevent if only the breeding and selecting of our dairy herds were carried on with consistency.The breeder in trying to improve the cattle that he owns, has everything to gain by placing a good sire at the head of his herd.This proceeding is more practical, more fruitful in results than the one which consists of buying now and then second class dairy cows or, in other words, buying cows of an origin more or less obscure.J.R.ROUSSO, B.A., B.S.A.Picturesque Quebec\u2014An old home near St, Eustache.Remarkable Two-Year Old Record For French Canadian Breed HE Secretary of the French Canadian Cattle Breeders\u2019 Association, Mr, Adrien Morin, forwards us ithe following interesting news, relative to a new record set by a cow of this breed.\u201cROBINETTE\u201d the new champion, owned by the Agricultural College at Ste.Anne de la Pocatiere, Que., was inscribed in the Canadian R.O.P.with a production of 10,442 1bs.of milk and 489 lbs.of fat, in the two-year old class.\u201cROBINETTE\u201d surpasses the previous butterfat champion, \u201cLUMINA DE CAP ROUGE\u201d, owned by the Experimental Farm at Cap Rouge, Que.whose production was 7,848 lbs.of milk and 475 Ibs.of fat.The new champion also holds the milk production record, surpassing \u201cMIGNONNE G\u201d, the property of Mr.Albani Sylvestre, of Clairvaux, Que., that produced 9,682 Ibs.of milk and 444 lbs, of fat as a two-year old.A proof that the French Canadian dairy breed is improving, is shown by the fact that since the beginning of 1927, the records for the two-year old class have been broken twice.In the early part of January, \u201cLUMINA DE CAP ROUGE\u201d implanted herself as champion of the class, but her reign was somewhat shotr-lived, for a little over a month afterwards, \u201cROBINETTE\u201d took the reigning power in her own hands.It is interesting to note that \u201cROBINETTE\u201d produced well-over 1,000 lbs, of milk a month, during a six month period, Her average fat test was 4.68 which is considered as the average fat content of French Canadian cow's milk.When to Hatch Chicks Intended For Winter Laying CCORDING to actual tests and observations A which have been carried on at several of the Dominion Experimental Stations as to the b st hatching date for pullets that are intended to h> used for the production of eggs during the winter months, the general purpose breeds such as Plymouth Rocks, Wyandottes and Rhode Island Reds, should be hatched in April, preferably in the first three weeks of that month, while a week or two later will do for the smaller and more rapidly maturing Mediterranean breeds such as Leghorns and Anconas., Pullets hatched at these dates will have time to properly mature before the latter part of October when egg production should begin.For Sale - Thirty Yorkshire bacon type young pigs, immediate delivery.\u2014 For further information and prices, please apply to PROVINCIAL FARM of DESCHAMBAULT, P.O.La Gorgendiere, Portneuf.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Stallions Inspected and Recommended by the Quebec Department of Agriculture for the year 1927 .Graham, .E.Arnold & Son, Proprietor.Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.Moncrieff, Greece's Point.A.Filion, Grenville.M.Hay, Lachute.H.Murdock, Brownsburg.A.MacAdam, St-André-Est.Lemay, Brownsburg.E.Arnold & Som, Grenville.E.Arnold & Son, Grenville.Marcotte, St-Norbert.Gagné, Victoriaville.Gagné, Victoriaville.Verville, Victoriaville.X.Labbé, Victoriaville.X.Labbé, Victoriaville.Sicard, Bulstrode.Fournier, Warwick.- H.Muldoon, Tingwick.Bélisle, Ste-Rosalie.Dufresne, St-Pie.Dufresne, St-Pie.Lapalme, St-Hugues.Deslandes, St-Dominique.Archambault, St-Dominique.Blanchard, St-Nazaire.Laplante, Ste-Christine.Pouliot, St-Victor.Rodrigue, Beauceville.Lessard, St-Georges-Est.Poulin, St-Joseph.Drouin, Gde-Montagne.Beaudoin, Broughton-Station.Beaudoin, Broughton-Station.Beaudoin, Broughton-Station.Breton, St-Frédéric.G.Moreney, Ste-Marie.Pelchat, St-Honoré.Arundel.Argenteuil.Dudé, MacD.Sir Spencer, Doctor K, Argenteuil Boy, Culravan Blue Blood, John, Insecto, Terrington Prince, Sir Charming, Mischief, Woodland Pride, Arn, Marathon, Elfrink, Baron Soark, Prince Mischief, Craigie Allenby, Hiawatha, Pinebank Britain, Barney, Brillant of Lachute, Rosco, Arthabaska.Le Bijou, Napoléon, John, Midnight, Len-S, Marquis, Dick, Trépadour, Nigger, Bagot.Tom, Eugène, Prince, Tom, Sir Leonard, Viviani, Lion, Rosco, Beauce.Prince, Galant C.R., Black Prince, Gris, Frank, Soldat, Beauceron, Gamin, Pit, Evan Bellini, Distingua, (To be continued) Percheron.1 Clyde.1 Percheron.i Clyde.2 Clyde.1 Belgian.1 Percheron.2 Hackney.1 Clyde.1 Standardbred.1 Percheron.1 Percheron.2 Percheron.1 Clyde.1 Crossbred.8 Clyde.1 Percheron.1 Clyde.2 Crossbred.3 Belgian.2 Percheron.1 Canadian.1 Belgian.2 Belgian.2 Percheron.1 Percheron.1 Percheron.1 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Crossbred.3 Canadian.2 Crossbred.8 Crossbred.3 Clyde.1 Standardbred.1 Percheron.1 Percheron.1 Crossbred, 3 Canadian.2 Percheron.1 Crossbred, 3 Crosabred.3 Belgian.1 Belgian.2 Belgian.2 Crossbred.8 Standardbred.1 Belgian.1 « 1Ÿ THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 147 Crop Varieties Recom rended By The Provincia: Seed Board By L.C.Raymond, Agronomy Dept., Macdonald College.HE Quebec Provincial Seed Board was first T organized in 1923.Its personnel is made up of representatives of the Experimental Farms and Colleges, and of Dominion and Provincial agricultural officials.The present Executive Committee is made up of:\u2014 President\u2014J.Simard, Provincial Representative of the Dominion Seed Branch at Quebec.Secretary\u2014L.P.Roy, Chief of the Field Husbandry Division, Quebec.Professor R.Summerby, Department of Agronomy, Macdonald College.The objective of this organization may be stated broadly.It is to raise the standard of the crops grown, through the use of good seed.This is a wide objective and one that is capable of being attacked in a number of ways.Space will not permit enumeration or discussion of all the various lines of work that have already been undertaken.The one important phase that will be considered is that relative to the attached list of recommended varieties.Quebec is a large Province and one where it would be natural to expect considerable range in the varieties adapted in any one class of crops.One of the first moves made by the Board was to gather together all available information on crop experiments in the Province and from that to make up a list of those varieties that had shown high yield or other favorable characteristics.That is the list that is published herewith.The Board recognizes quite clearly that this is not a final list.It simply represents the very best information available at present.It will change, as it should do if progress is to be made, as soon as and only when more and better information is at hand.Recognizing the lack of basic information, the Board at once took steps to meet the deficiency by means of what are now known as the Provincial comparative Tests.These tests comprise all the leading farm crops and include within them a wide range of the important varieties.They are at present being conducted, through the co-operation of the men in charge, at five points in the Province, viz.Ste.Anne de la Pocatiere, at the Experimental Farm, and at the Agricultural School, at Cap Rouge, at Len- noxville and at Macdonald College.In addition a few tests have been conducted at La Ferme in Northern Quebec.The wide distribution of these stations gives, at least, a decided range in climatic conditions, but soil and other factors are also different.The tests are being conducted in as thorough a manner as possible.To more intimately acquaint themselves with the needs and conditions, the Board as a body makes a trip to all the stations during the active growing season.The test referred to has now been running for two years and is therefore not yet in a position to allow of any definite conclusions being drawn.Through this medium the Board experts to get at least a tentative basis for zoning the Province, as regards farm crop varieties.This is the source of information through which the list of recommended varieties will from time to time be amended.List of Varieties Recommended By the Quebec Seed Board for the Province of Quebec.Wheat.\u2014 Bearded.Huron.Bald.Marquis.Early.Alaska.Medium Maturing.Banner 44 M.C.Banner O.49 Banner.Six-rowed.0.A.C.21 Two-rowed.Duckbill.Chancellor O.26.Golden Vine.Arthur.Field Beans.\u2014Navy Ottawa 711.Robust.Yellow Eye.Late Ensilage (Wisconsin No.7).Medium Late (Golden Glow).(Bailey).(wW.C.Y.D.).Early Ensilage (Longfellow).(North West Dent).(Compton\u2019s Early).Quebec 28.Magnum Bonum.Bangholm.Hall\u2019s Westbury (Table use specially).Good Luck.Mangels.\u2014 Yellow Intermediate.Giant Half Sugar.Sludstrup.Giant White Belgian.Improved Short White.White Intermediate.Fall Turnips.\u2014Greystone.Early \u2014 Irish Cobbler.Late \u2014 Green Mountain.Carmen No.3 Red Dakota heavy soil).Oats.\u2014 Barley.\u2014 Peas.\u2014 Corn.\u2014 Grain Swedes.\u2014 Carrots.\u2014 Potatoes.\u2014 (Home use in Alfalfa.\u2014 Grimm.One of the strongest features of the Board\u2019s work is that it is bringing together in a definite cooperative way the various agricultural authorities and focusing their attention on this problem.Provincial, Federal and College men sit around the same board to discuss a common issue.The issue is one well deserving of the closest study.We definitely need more reliable information regarding the adaptation of varieties.The one thing that can make the Board\u2019s work more effective right now is the active support of the farmers of the Province.Any of the stations mentioned will welcome a visit or an inquiry.Revised lists will be published from time to time and more detailed The breakup of the ice at Ste.Anne de Bellevue recommendations will be made.By keeping in touch and testing out the advice offered a splendid avenue is provided for improving our crop yields.More About Varieties By Prof.R.Summerby N this number is published a list of varieties recommended by the provincial seed board of this province.Some further information and data on these varieties will no doubt prove of interest to readers.The purpose of this article is to give such information relative to the several varieties recommended.OATS The Banner variety has been grown in Canada for upwards of half a century and has during that time been very widely and generally grown in all provinces of the Dominion.It may be called the pioneer variety in improved agriculture.Its general growth in all parts of the country has been due to the fact that it is adapted to very widely different conditions.In practically all provinces, where adequately tried, it has been found to be among the best yielders.It is medium to late in time of maturity, has a good height and possesses a fairly strong straw.On the other hand its percent hull and general quality is not quite as good as the average and therefore in this respect leaves something to be desired.In spite of this, however, its yield can be depended on to be high, and on the whole it is probably the most reliable variety for general growing.Several strains of this variety have been selected by different institutions.These strains are developed from single plants whose progeny has proved to be superior to that of other plants.Banner 44 M.C.is one of these selected at Macdonald College while Banner 0.49 is one selected by Dominion Experimental Farms.The Alaska variety has not had as long a history in Canadian agriculture as the Banner.In recent years it has become very popular in sections which need an oat of its particular characteristics.The characters which determine its place are that it is extremely early, it produces grain of very high quality, it is resistant to smut and through ripening early usually escapes the rust.It has a very high percent of kernel and, while not as generally adapted as the Banner under conditions which suit such a variety, it gives a yield as high as the best varieties.Its particular place is in sections where the season is not long enough for later varieties, and for mixing with early barley varieties, when a mixture of oats and barley is being grown.BARLEY The O.A.C.21 is a variety of barley developed from an old variety called Mandscheuri.Like the several strains of Banner oats it is developed from .a single plant which proved to be superior to others.It belongs to the ordinary common six-rowed type, has a straw of good length and strength and has a blue kernel.It has been tested and grown extensively in all parts of Canada.In all sections where the six-rowed types do best, this variety has shown itself to be among the very best yielders.While there may be other varieties nearly or equally as good, one cannot go far wrong in using this sort in sections most suited to six-rowed barley.Duckbill,\u2014This type of barley differs from the common six-rowed type mentioned above in several important respects.It is two-rowed, that is to say the head has only two rows of kernels instead of six.It is distinctly later, very strong in the straw, produces a better quality of grain but in most parts of Eastern Canada does not yield as well as the O.A.C.21 and similar varieties.Where it is desirable to mix barley and oats and a medium to late maturing variety of oats is used this type of barley will ripen more nearly with the oat crop than the O.A.C.21.Hannchen,\u2014The Hannchen barley is similar to the Duckbill in that it belongs to the two-rowed type.It is, however, not as strong in the straw.In this regard, however, it is not weak, and one year with another will prove to be stronger than the six- rowed types.While not included in the recommended list of varieties, its very general high yield and quality of grain, where tried, warrants mention in this short description of varieties. ( 148 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE QUEBEC FEDERATED CO- OPERATIVE Price List for Seeds and Seed Grains IMPORTANT Put your orders together and buy seed oats by carload lots in order to save on the cost of the oats as well as on the freight.Please note the oats that can be shipped from Quebec; they are indicated on the list.All other seeds will be shipped from St.Rosalie Jct.The name of varieties of seeds on this list marked by a star (*) are particularly recommended by the Provincial Seed Board.Take advantage of this Board's suggestions.Banner Oats No.1 In Bulk, Carload, F.O.B.Quebec or St.Rosalie Jct.$1.15 per 34 lbs.Banner Oats No.1 In Bags, Carload, F.O.B.Quebec or St.Rosalie Jct.$1.20 \u201c \u201c \u201c Bags charged at $0.05 per bushel.No discount will be allowed on prices of oats for carload lots.Banner Oats No.1 Less than carload, F.O.B.Quebec or St.Rosalie Jct.$1.30 \u201c \u201c \u201c\u201c Bags charged at $0.05 per bushel.FOR SHIPMENT F.0.B.ST.ROSALIE JCT.*Banner Oats 44 M C Elite Stock.$ 1.75 per 34 Ibs.*Registered Banner Oats 44 MC.1.60 \u201d \u201c \u201c *Registered Banner Oats.1.50 en (Special) Banner Oats No.1.1.35 = \u201coo *Registered Aleska Oats.1.60 oe *Alaska Oats No.1.2202 02002 4 aa ee es ee ee 1.40 Bags for oats will be charged at $0.05 per bushel.*Registered Marquis Wheat (Kjellander).$ 3.00 per 60 Ibs.*Marquis Wheat No.1.oo.2.65 \u201c ! Red Fife Wheat No.1.2200 00000 sea ea ae ee 2.50 «\u201c \u201c \u201c *Registered Huron Wheat.3.00 * \u201c *Huron Wheat No.1.iin 2.75 \u201c \u2018 Silverhull Buckwheat No.1.1.45 per 48 Ibs.Japanese Buckwheat No.1.1.40 \u201c = - Mandchourie Barley No.1.co 1.60 \u201c *¥0O.A.C.No.21, Barley No.1.1.80 \"¢ ¢« % *Duckbill Barley No.1 two rowed.2.00 \u201c « < *Golden Vine Peas No.1.2.90 per 60 lbs.White Beans No.1.iin.4.00 \u201c \u201c « Black Tares No.1 Imported.3.00 \" « © Black Tares No.1 Quebec.cc.2.50 «\u201c \u201c < Spring Rye No.1.viii, 2.25 per 56 lbs.Fall Kye No.1.2200 0011214 ea es eee ee er 00 + 2.35 «\u201c > = cd CH E \u201cRoyal Yeast\u201d Product for Poultry NOW SOLD AT A GREATLY REDUCED PRICE A small quantity of Chickadee mixed with any standard poultry mash, makes a big difference to the general health and producing capacity of your flock.It adds the essential vitamins that stimulate to increased activity, all the vital functions of the birds\u2014improves appetite, aids digestion, tones up the bowels, purifies blood, invigorates organs of reproduction.Chickadee makes your hens lay more eggs\u2014makes your breeding pens produce a higher percentage of fertile eggs that hatch into strong, healthy, fast-growing chicks.A 114 lb.can of Chickadee is all you need for 150 1bs.of mash.THESE PRICES EFFECTIVE FROM JAN.3rd, 1927 1/ 1b.Cans, delivered to any point in Canada, east of 1 Va Fort Frances, Kenora and Minaki.70 121, \u201c \u201c delivered to any railway point in Canada, east of Fort Frances, Kenora and $4 75 Minaki .séourçessesenmsecemsens 1/ * \u201c delivered in Fort Frances, Kenora, 1 Ya Minaki and all points west.75 1/ ¢ \u201c delivered in Fort Frances, Kenora, 12 La Minaki and all railway points west.$5.20 If your feed man doesn\u2019t sell Chickadee, send us your order direct, with P.O.money order for correct amount, using this order form: EOE mmm =m \u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014] E.W.GILLETT CO.LTD.FRASER AVE.TORONTO, ONT.I I enclose $.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.for which please send me, all delivery charges I prepaid .cans CHICKADEE YEAST FOOD.Name I Address ! sesrere | | Pacticol Flos of LASTING BEAUTY Evcry farm home needs practical, inexpensive Dominion Linoleum.Its attractive, cheery colours and pretty designs make any room brighter and more pleasant to live in.Dominion Linoleum wears for years under the hardest usage.And what if the men folk do track dirt in?Light mopping removes every trace of disorder.This sensible floor comes in widths up to twelve feet and is easy and quick to lay.There are designs suitable for every room.Choose them for YOUR home and give it floor beauty at little cost.Dominion Linoleum Rugs Dominion Linoleum Rugs give wonderful wear.Beautiful designs for every room.Popular sizes.Low prices.They need no fastening of any kind and will not tear, crack or curl at the edges.At House Furnishing and General Stores everywhere Made in Canada Dominion Linoleum Beautifies Your Home _\u2014 = r- A.) PLEASE WRITE PLAINLY | A GOOD INVESTMENT You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subscription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.| A Brief Essay on Saving Estate Estate Snag Created Savings Premiums 1929 1929 1928 1928 to à to 1927 RE 1927 i maturity BY ORDINARY METHODS BY LIFE INSURANCE Regular deposits without with drawals, if Your desired estate is created immediately you live a given terms, will yield you a by coniract, and you pay for it on the desired estale.If you do not live for the insta ment plan.If you do not live to the full term, you can leave your dependents maturity of the posicy, your dependents only the total of your savings up to that will receive the full amount of the estate time, you have contracted for.Adapted from the prize winning essay in a thrift essay contest sponsored by the National Association of Underwriters Joint Thrift Commission.com sn mr en a cams oe THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Worth New improvements in Dodge Brothers Motor Car are so far-reaching that an immediate investigation is advisable.You will find a smarter car than ever before, fresh new color combinations adding greatly to its charm.You will find also a still roomier, a still more comfortable car.[nvestigatin Of even greater importance are numerous mechanical advances, including: A new silent- action clutch, a greatly improved steering mechanism, a stronger, more durable differential, propeller shaft and axle shaft, an air cleaner.These are in addition to the improved starting _and lighting system and the five-bearing chrome vanadium crankshaft recently announced.In beauty, comfort, performance, dependability and value these cars are superior to anything that even Dodge Brothers have hitherto produced.Special Sedan $1310\u2014 De Luxe Sedan $1420 f.o.b.Toronto, taxes to be added Fully equipped, including spare tire Donpse BROTHERS (CANADA) LIMITED Bila TORONTO, ONTARIO DGE HROTHERS MOTOR CARS MADE IN CANADA e FOR SALE AYRSHIRE CALVES and few Chester White young pigs farrowed in February and March.Apply ULDERIC P.FONTAINE, Ste.Angele de Pont Noir, P.Q.AGENTS\u2014Earn from $26 toes a pes, gelling our products.Big profits.rite for information.Free samples.Apply SCIENTIFIC COMPANY, Dept.C., Hochelaga, Montreal.A genuine English Malt Extract, Finest quality an Al tonie, aids digestion, makes a health- giving beverage, 23 lb.tin, special introductory price, $1.75 post paid.WEIR SPECIALTY CO.Ltd.Importers, 562 Yonge St., Toronto, Ont.MONEY INVESTMENTS WE will invest your money in first class values, bringing from 544% to T%%.Such investments made for our customers amount to $50,000,000 and more, Not a cent is lost capital and interest punctually paid at maturity.VERSAILLES \u2014 VIDRICAIRE - BOULAIS (Limited), Montreal, 90 St.James Street.BIG PROFITS\u2014Raise racoons and chincilla Rabbits ; the Chincilla fur command top prices.It is more profitable to raise those two fur animals than foxes $100.00 invested in one of those lines will perhaps yield $600 to $700 in a year.Stock for sale Rodrigue Ostiguy, printer, Plessisville, Que, Ask for our prices for printing work, they\u2019ll surprise you.HOLSTEIN FOR SALE ONE 11 month old bull and few spring calves (male and female) coming from first ciass milch cows of Ontario.Apply to R.LAROSE, Fulford, Que, FOR SALE ONE GOOD FARM, 120 acres of land, maple- bush of 800 trees, big rolling stock, 16 accredited registered Ayrshires, rural mail, e.ectric light soon.Apply to EUSEBE ROY, St.Gervais, Bellechasse, P.Q.FOR SALE REGISTERED Ayrshire Cattie, accredited herd, two 1 year old bulls.Registered Chester White and Yorkshire pigs, farrowed in March and April selected stock.Apply to LUCIEN MORIN, St.Hyacinthe.Canadian, Tamworth and Berkshire REGISTERED Canadian Cattle, selected and of all ages.Also few litters of Tamworth, Berkshire pigs coming from herds winners of first prizes at Three Rivers, Sherbrooke and Quebec fairs.Apply to ERNEST SYLVESTRE, St.Hyacinthe, Tel Bell 713-1-3.CREOSOTED silos for sale.PAPINEAUVILLE LUMBER CO.LTD., Papineauville, Que.Farms Wanted FARMERS wishing to sell their farm or borrowing money on at 5 or 69%, can app.y to CREDIT IMMOBILIER FRANCO-CANADIEN, 15A, Notre Dame West, Montreal.FARM FOR SALE CONSISTING of 180 acres desirable land in Town of Terrebonne\u2014100 acres under high state of cultivation, remainder bush land\u2014near railway, schoo.s and churches\u2014Farm completely equipped with farm implements and machinery\u2014three horses\u2014fourteen cows, Price reasonable.THE ROYAL TRUST COMPANY, Real Estate Sales Dept., 105 St.James Street, Harbour 4221.XI Ye Olde Firme Heintzman &(o.A Heintzman & Co.Upright Piano will bring into your home the same pleasing musical individuality | that has delighted thousands of others throughout Canada.You will also have the satisfaction of possessing an instrument whose superiority is acknowledged\u201d ~~ by great artists well fitted to judge tone and touch.Write to LINDSAY Limited, Montreal CT WILSON & SONS, | Sherbrooke LS A Ayrshire, Chester, Yorkshire FOR SALE: 1 bull, 20 month old, 2 bulls, 1 year old, many spring calves, selected accredited herd.Few litters of Chester and improved Yorkshire, farrowed in March and April.Moderate price.Apply ADELARD MORIN, Auctioneer, St.Hyacinthe, Tel Bell.716 r-3.FARMS WANTED FARMERS | Put an ad.announcing your farm, in our CATALOG which many buyers write for, CREDIT IMMOBILIER, 16-3, Notre-Dame St.W., Montreal.\u201cGOODYEAR Labelled Raincoat.Latest New York Style for men or women, Silver, Black and Grey, $8.35.Agents wanted no capital required\u201d.Address.THE GOODYEAR WATERPROOF COATS CO., Ottawa, Ont, Can.FARM FOR SALE SITUATED in St.Mathieu Village, 150 feet from station, 140 acres of land.Apply to OSAIE LEFEBVRE, St.Mathieu, Laprairie Cty.FOR SALE HATCHING eggs, one day chigs, Barred Plymouth Rock, White Ieghorn.For prices, write to JEAN D.LACHAPELLE St.Paul l\u2019Ermite, Que.FOR SALE REGISTERED and accredited Ayrshire young bulls, 9 and 11 month old, a.so spring bull calves all coming from Duc de St-Sulpice No.86141, by Hobs.and grand sire imported and Duchess registered in R.O, P., 18,028 lbs.of milk and 712 lbs.of fat.PAUL U.LACHApelle, St.Paul l\u2019Ermite, Qué.MAN WANTED, fed and lodged to work on farm, must milk cows and plough.Steady work the whole year round.Apply to ETHELBERT LEGAULT, Isle Perrot Nord, P.Q.IMPORTANT Auction Dispersion Saie.50 head of fully Accredited Imported and Canadian Bred Ayrshires, Cedarcroft I'arm, St.Eustache, Que.April 27, This herd includes a number of high class males and females of all ages.A number of cows fresh and due about.sale date.Write for catalogue to S.J.HAMILTON, Prop.Ayrshire, Yorkshire, Chester White FOR SALE: One 18 month o.d bull, two 1 year old coming from dams registered in R.O.P., this herb must be accredited.soon.Few litters of pigs farrowed in March, April, May.Selected and registered stock.Moderate price.GEORGES E.MORIN, St.Hyacinthe, R.R.No.2., Tel.Bell 716-2.: FOR SALE OUTFIT for Artesian Well digging.One \u2018Listowell\u201d with accessories, in very gool order, Advantageous terms.Apply to J.B.GALAR- NEAU, Chateauguay Bassin, P.Q x: BROME Creameries situated in the bef section of the Eastern Townships, near bofler, weil equipped, with double tenement house attached.Box fourteen Brome, Que. if XII THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Banking Requirements of Farmers The banking requirements of farmers differ according to location and the particular branch of farming in which they are engaged.Whatever your banking requirements may be you will find the Bank of Montreal prepared to give the particular form of service you need.Bank of Montreal Established 1817 TOTAL ASSETS IN EXCESS OF $/780,000,00v A GOOD INVESTMENT You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum.Send your subeription to Mr.O.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que._ On request we send a sample copy.lants potatoes in less F4 than half the time The Eureka Potato Planter is a favorite because it does four distinct operations at the sume time and is easily drawn by a team of two horses.It opens the furrows, plants the seed, deposits fertilizer and covers the seed, The potatoes are not bruised or squeezed; they are planted at uniform depth the same space apart\u2014in plain view of the operator.With this machine you can get your own seed in quickly and pay for it by planting for your neighbors.The Eureka is a real saver of time, labor and noney.it is supplied with or without fertilizer attachment Our nearest agent will give you all particulars.See him now.Our complete line of potatoe machinery Includes Sprayers, Horse Hoes, Scafflers and Diggers nnd Tobacco Transplanters.THE FROST & WOOD CO., LIMITED.Smiths Falls, Ontario Montrenl Quebec Saint John Truro Charlottetown.FROSTEWOOD Increase the Milk Flow by using Brewers Dried Grains Superior To Bran Sold For Less Money DAWES\u2019 BREWERS\u2019 DRIED GRAINS have a well-known reputation throughout United States, Germany, Holland and other countries for being low in moisture and of the highest standard.Each year the consumption in Canada is being steadily increased.Protein - - - 21 Per Cent.Fat - - - - 6.25 Per Cent.Inquire from your Feed dealer or write direct for price list and particulars.DAWES BREWERY 80 St.Maurice Street, Montreal.Name Address A Raw, Sore Throat Eases quickly when you apply a little Musterole.It penetrates to the sore spot with a gentle tingle, loosens the congestion and draws out the soreness and pain, and won\u2019t blister like the old-fashioned mustard plaster.Musterole is a clean, white ointment made with oil of mustard.Brings quick relief from sore throat, bronchitis, tonsillitis, croup, stiff neck, asthma, neuralgia, headache, congestion, pleurisy, rheumatism, lumbago, pains and aches of the back or joints, sprains, sore muscles, bruises, chilblains, frosted feet, colds on the chest.The Musterole Co.of Canada, Ltd.Montreal Poultry HousePlans Invaluable to those intending to build a poultry house.Prepared to suit our Cana- dian climate.Hundreds have already used these plans to build model poultry The nearest houses, Peerless Dealer Select Peerless poul- will give full try fence for the runs.information.Extra heavy top and Better than a mustard nlaster bottom wires.Lower There are many strands 1 inch apart, [ | styles of Peer- turn small chicks.ess farm, poul- eavy galvanizing try and\u2019 lawn resists rust and adds f fcnce and gates.years of life to the Are Use Burlington fence.\u2018The Peerless U-Bar steel you a sufferer from skin disease?Do you lock never lets go.postswith Peer- long for that calm, cool sensation that comes when {ess poultry Write for literature the itch is taken away?Then try this prescription.fence.29 and free poultry This cooling liquid gives instant relief from that burning, itching torture, The very moment this lotion touches the skin the itch is gonel THE PEERLESS WIRE FENCE CO.D.D.D.and D.D.D.Soap at all good druggists Limited TRIAL Hamitton Ontario D.D.D.sorri: FREE e 1 D.D.D.Co., 33w Lyall Ave., Toronto Send ial 1 Q SS to cover packing at mri\u201d D.Enclosed 10c POULTRY FENCE house plans to-day. a mener = _ _\u2014 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE No hill is too high for a Whippet.No road too rough.In countless gruelling tests .from Canada to Mexico.from the lowest point in Death Valley to the snow-capped peak of White Mountain .up Pike\u2019s Peak without boiling .the Whippet has broken world\u2019s records in the most impressive way.- This car has stamina.It has engine smoothness and flexibility formerly found only in the highest priced cars.55 miles an hour\u20145 to 30 miles in 13 seconds\u2014with all the reserve power that this implies.Wh Whippet Power, Speed, Stamina and Economy Proved in Dramatic Demonstrations Now add to this the outstanding Whippet advantages of \u2018\u201835 miles on a gallon,\u2019 4-wheel brakes and low gravity centre, abundant roominess, and you have the reason why scores of thousands of people are today driving this famous car.See it before you buy.$70 5 WHIPPET Coupe $795; Touring $795; Roadster $885; COACH Sedan $920; Landau $960 WHIPPET SIX COACH $1,015; Touring $975; Coupe $1,015; Roadster $1,050; Sedan $1,115; Landau $1,185.All Prices F.O.B.Factory.Sales Tax Extra.No Excise Tax.Unusually Attractive Credit Terms.Willys- Overland Sales Co., Limited, Toronto, Canada.Branches: Toronto, Montreal and Winnipeg.OVERLAND ippel XIII ITE nat Friend\u201d The most important question- that you will be asking yourself pretty soon is : \u201cWhat will my crop return to me in dollars and cents?\u201d Certainly\u2014if your fruit is sprayed, it will bring you twice and three times the profit of unsprayed fruit, simply because it will command top-notch prices, and the yield will be much greater.Write for our 1927 catalogue.2 \"DS > y \\ a= a We WN, La 7-2.Quebec Representative ARTHUR GADBOIS, Rougemont, P.Q.carrying a complete stock of \u201cFRIEND\u201d Sprayers & Parts.Canadian Branch \u201cFRIEND\u201d MFG.Co., a, rus A GOOD INVESTMENT You are deeply interested in the increase production of your farm.You must then keep: yourself well posted as to the best means to do it.The Journal of Agriculture contains valuable information in every issue and it costs only $1.00 per annum.So.Send your subscription to Mr._0.Lessard, secretary of the Council of Agriculture, Parliamentary Building, Quebec, Que.On request we send a sample copy.\u201cThe best decision we ever made \u201cT GUESS we're like most families.We always scem to want more things than our income will provide.Bob wanted a radio.Marion was going away to school and needed a whole new outfit.Singer Shops 1n Fastern Canada Ontario I had'been hoping to get a new sewing machine, Barrie, 53 Elizabeth St.but everything else scemed more important.Belleville, 201 Colborne se | \u2018Can\u2019t vou wait another year?\u201d the family asked.Chatham, 1 Ave.mad 4 Sc \u201cThen I had an inspiration.\u2018Let\u2019s get the Singer Fe Wifi, 11548 May Su first!\u201d I said, \u2018I can makeall of Marion's clothes Hamilton.199 Fins St Es and mine and save enough that way to buy the Kiwchener, 12:14 Young St.other things.\u2019 London, 122 Dundas St.North Bay.43 Main St.E.\"They all saw what good sense that was.So we Quiawa, 106 Bak: 5.Owen Sound.753 Second Ave, E.got the Singerat once,and it was the best decision ! Peterboro, 174 Hunter St.i we ever made, I've never enjoyed sewing so much.I've donework I never dreamed could be done on ascwing machine.And we've saved so much that thereis going to be no money problem after this.\u201d Maybe you, too, have been putting off getting a new sewing machine because other needs seem to be more urgent.If you have, remember that a modern Singer is not an expense but the best investment a family could make.Getthe Singer first and the money ic will save and earn will go far toward thecomfortsand luxuriesyou long to have.There is an casy way to prove to yourself what a modern Singer will do.The nearest Singer Shop will gladly send a machine to your home to use for a few days in doing yourownsewing.You may have your choice of the widest vartety ofmodels-clectric, treadicand hand machines.Any onc of them may be yours on a convenient plan by which you will receive a generous allowance for your present machine, and your new Singer will pay for itself ils you save, \u201cShort Cuts to Hone Sewing\u2019 \u2019\u2014 Free! This interesting practical book shows you how to save tumeina hundred ways on your sewing machine\u2014howto do all the modish new details of trimming\u2014no matter what make of machine you may have.The book is free.Phone or call at the nearest Singer Shop (see telephone directory! or send the coupon below fora copy by mail.Renfrew, 361 Raglan St., Haynes Block Sault Ste.Marie, 3-49 Queen St Stratford, Ontario St, St.Catharines, 269 St.Paul St.St.Thomas, 624 Talbot St.Toronto, 252 Yonge St.Windsor, 18 Pitt St, W.Quebec Chicoutimi, 108 Racine St.ull, 202 Main St.Levis, Gi Cote du Passage Montreal,530St, Catherine St, W.Quebec, 223 St.John St.Riviere duLoup,325LafontaineSt.St.Hyacinthe, 6; À St.Francois St.St.Jerome, 139 Labelle St.St.Johns, 59 Richelieu St.Sherbrooke, 63 Wellington St Thetford Mines, 3.45 Notre Dame St.Three Rivers, 102 Des Forges St.Maritime Provinces Campbellton, N.B., Water St.Charlottetown,P.E.I.,115KentSt.Fredericton, N.B., 321 Queen St.Halifax, N.S., 138 Granville St.Moncton, N.B., 822 Main St NewGlasgow.N.S.2 GuorgeSt.St.John, N.B., «5 Germain St.Sydney, N.S., 365 Charlotte St.Yarmouth, N.S., Main St.St.Johns, Newfovndland, ; 202 Water St.For address of nearest shop in Western Canada awrite Singer Sewing Machine Co.368 Portage Ave.Winnipeg.Man.869 Granville St , Vancouver, B.C.SINGER SEWING MACHINES The Famous Singer \u201cS\u201d You will find it on the windows of 6,000 Singer Shops.in every city in the, world.lt is che identifying mark of 75-R For \u2018Short Cuts to Home Sewing\u2019 mail this coupon to Singer Sewing Machine Co.(nearest address above) ra When Something goes UE your telephone in emergency.Instantly it places you in communication with your doctor, your veterinary, your implement dealer and your markets.Itoften saves hours when every minute counts.When trouble comes you have many times Then the \u2018phone in your home is indispensable.the cost of the telephone at stake.Keeping protection and remedy within easy call is only one of the many services, great and small that your telephone makes available, Write to our nearest branch for any information.Northern Electric wrong ! direct sewing machines of enduring quality.Name .LLe nec nncn clones ananas 1t means, too, thatevery Singer Shop is e e Je ready always with instructions, repairs, Address ol supplics and courteous expert service.PP p CY oo aaa Prov.1 .When the Singer representative comes to your home let him tell you about this scrvice Singer maintains in your own neighborhood, wherever you live, My miachine is a CALGARY | VANCOUVER MONTREAL HALIFAX LONDON WINDSOR WINNIPEG REGINA QUEBEC OTTAWA TORONTO DOME oom eae years old.HAMILTON id ' THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE XV Magnificent Tea Set.14 pieces.(Value $4.60).Given away Free with MIKAD TEA and COFFEE GREEN, BLACK or JAPAN ON SALE EVERYWHERE, ASK FOR IT TO YOUR DEALER GLOBE TEA CO.309, Notre Dame West, Montreal Tel.Main 5036.= ere ji I ST Egg Incubator $395 qi 140 30 Days Trial [i Freight and duty paid to unyR.R.station in Canada.Double walls à with airspace between.Hot water heat.Copper tanks.Double glass doors.Shipped setup,complete withall fixtures.Orders shipped from our Canadian warehouses.140 Egg-\u2014$17.95; with Drum Brooder.$23.95 180 Egg=\u2014$21.50 pwith Drum Brooder .$ 250 Egg=\u2014%$29.75; with Drum Brooder .340 Egg~$39.95; with Canopy Brooder .$57.85 500 Egg==~$59.50 3 with Canopy Brooder .§ Freight and ITT Duty Paid | oo, ml Su EF Lamp Brooder Be sure when you order an incubator and brooder that the prices quoted are freight and dnty paid to your railroad station.When you order Wisconsins they ae delivered to you freight and duty paid.All orde-s are shipped from Toronto or Winnipeg, whichever is nearest to you.Order direct from this ad.30 days trial\u2014money back if not pleased.If not ready to order now, don\u2019t buy until you get our 1927 catalog which shows larger sizes up to 2000 eggs.Wisconsin Incubator Co., Box 202.Racine, Wis.SOUFFLERINE A guaranteed cure for HORSE HEAVES, COLD, BROKEN WIND.Certificates in our hands prove the real merit of \u201cSOUFFLERINE\u201d.Don\u2019t delay to learn about, write at once.5 lb-box $4.80, 10 lb.$9.00 Sent by mail C.O.D.MAINLAPBERT, P.O.Box 1597, Montreal.30 Days Free Trial FREIGHT PREPAID No obligation to buy, but if you do, easiest terms are arranged.Guaranteed for ten years.Write now for particulars, Agents wantea where we are nol represented.30 Swedish Separator Company mite 36a Notre Dame St.West 4 Montrea CREA 1 SEPARATOR There's a style and size of Delco- Light for every need.A General Motors product, it is low in first cost, low in cost of operation and can be bought on easy terms.Delco-Light Company of Canada, Ltd.Subsidiary of General Motors Corporation 3715 Park Avenue.MONTREAL.Dependable \"LI ARM ELECTRICIT ET Delco-Light\u2019s brilliant, safe sunshine lighten your home when the sun sinks to rest.to the fast-growing list of over aquarter-million homes made brighter and better by Delco-Light.Homes where families are more contented, more comfortable, where work is made easier and leisure more pleasant\u2014all at a cost of a few cents a day.Add yours DEALERS AND FIELDMEN WANTED For districts in which Delco-Light is not represented.Write for our attractive proposition.4 Write for À Free Book} ave Money | pont get a brooder until you have read the new Buckeye Book.It gives all the facts about the greatest brooder values we ZN have ever offered.It tells how you can save \u20ac: money.And more than that, it shows the way to make more money from your poultry.It shows the way to prevent losses\u2014to raise more chicks from every brood, and to do it with less time and work.All this money-saving, money-making information is free.Write us, today, for the new Buckeye Book._ Compare Buckeye withother Reduced brooders- jrnstantiy, you'll see 3 0 the big values Buckeye offers.Prices?The new Buckeye Coal-Burn- ing Brooders have larger stoves.They hold more coal; they give more heat; they burnlonger with one fueling.And A the new Revolving BURNS SOFT COAL % OR HARD COAL Canadiana Distributors: Write for new Buckeye Book to the Buckeye Incubator Co., or any of the Canadian Distributors: The J.H.Ashdown Hardware.Co., Winnipeg, Man.; Wood, Al James, Hamilton, Ont.; Marshall-Wells Co., Vancouver, B.C.; THE.BUCKEYE INCUBATOR CO.2637 Euclid Ave., SPRINGFIELD, O, et Hover saves time and work.The Buckeye Oil-Burning Brooder is the last word in simplicity and chick-raising efficiency.Simply lightthe burner andit stays lighted\u2014it stays regulated.It cares for your chicks day and night without fuss or worry.Buckeye Incubators Hatch More Chicks But let us send you all the facts about these money-saving, reliable brooders.And we'll tell you how Buckeye Incubators hatch more chicks.We'll send you the new Buckeye Book.Write us for it, today.77m Buckeve ibd GREE 7 incubalors and brooders [1 These famous =] Len , Alexander & P.T.Legare Co., Ltd., Quebec.A \u2014 ATTENTION / A complete garden for .$1.00 including 20 packages of vegetables and | assorted flowers.Write oday.Write for our big catalog of watches, ete, ALLEN Novelties, St.Zacharie, Que.Telis Thin Folks How To Gain 5 Pounds In 30 Days Ask any druggist for a box of Me- Coy\u2019s Cod Liver Extract Tablets.They cost but little, are sugar coated and as pleasant to take as candy.It\u2019s the new pleasant way to take nasty cod liver extract and will not upset the most delicate stomach.Skinny men and women take them to speedily put on plenty of good healthy solid flesh and for this purpose they are so extremely good that thin men and women often take on b pounds or more in 30 days.As a matter of fact, your druggist is authorized to return your money if you don\u2019t take on 5 pounds in 30 days.One thin woman gained 15 pounds in six weeks.Be sure and ask for McCoy's the original and genuine Cod Liver Extract Tablets\u201460 Tablets\u201460 cents and full of Vitalizing Vitamines that help weak, run down, tired out people to gain health, strength and vigor.a PISE re Rn ap mie Pa ap © \\ A TE have been in the oil business for 45 years.During this time, we have grown\u2014from one refinery to six\u2014from a few scattered branch stations to 1556 branch stations in as many towns.In the beginning we supplied a few thousand customers.Today\u2014in the face of keenest competition\u2014we have hundreds of thousands of customers.These customers are completely satisfied with our products.They buy \u201cImperial\u201d because they have learned that by doing so they get more for their money.Satisfied customers created the demand that forced our growth.The number of satisfied customers\u2014and the demand for our products\u2014is growing each year.Imperial Marvelube Tractor and Motor Oils are comparatively new additions to the \u201cImperial\u201d line, yet, in one year, more than 200,000 customers have tried them \u2014 recognized their superiority\u2014and use them regularly.This is the strongest recommendation and the most convincing proof of quality that we can make for Marvelube or any other Imperial product.IMPERIAL OIL LIMITED IMPERIAL PRODUCTS FOR FARM USE Imperial Premier Gasoline Imperial Polarine Tractor Qils Imperial Granite Harvester Oil Imperia: Ethyl Gasoline Imperial Polarine Transmission Imperial Castor Machine Oil Imperial Royalite Coal Oil Lubricants Imperial Thresher Hard Oil Imperial Marvelube Motor Oils Imperial Polarine Cup Grease Imperial Mica Axle Grease Imperial Marvelube Tractor Oils Imperial Capitol Cylinder Oil Imperial Cream Separator Oil Imperial Polarine Motor Oils Imperial Prairie Harvester Oil Imperial Eureka Harness Oil To me EES ima == "]