The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 octobre 1923, lundi 1 octobre 1923

[" - Ge JOURNAL - AGRICULTURE | | AND HORTICULTURE ! Volume 27 October Ist 1923 Number 4 [\u2014 STRATHGLASS GOLD CHINK Senior and Grand Champion Ayrshire Bull for R.R.Ness & Sons, Howick, Que., at the recent Canadian National Exhibition, Toronto.Gold Chink was Grand Champion at the Royal last fall, and has since carried off similar honors at the Boston Ayrshire Show held this spring, and at the Ormstown Show in June.IN THIS ISSUE \" Quebec Dual Purpose Shorthorn Men Meet.Marketing Apples.Prof.T.G.Bunting \\ 1923 Agricultural Merit Results.A New Department for Rural School Teachers.| A Timely Note on White Grubs.Prof.W.Lochhed Prizes for \u201cOur Young Folks\u2019.' Fall Planting About the Home.M.H.Howitt Summer's Farewell Gifts.M.C.Maw Diseases of the Bean.J.G.Coulson Women\u2019s Institute Activities.ee; be, ; PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUE BEC. = (The Sion That Stands OI.Better Motor Oil M TITI RL LR CR RPI 2 a Lol AER ; Ei \u201c NEE Ed Shee N WHITE ROSE GASOLINE .S028, SAS SURE |} out nC] Yh (I Le The Oil of Thousands of Tests It Has Given Me a Trouble-Free Motor\u201d Until you have tried En-ar-co Motor Oil, you have failed to get everything out of your motor that scientific librication will develop.En-ar-co Motor Oil lubricates correctly and scientifically.By forming a velvety film that clings to cylinder walls and bearings, it gives every working part a real chance.En-ar-co holds its body under the most intense heat and makes your motor more consistently reliable.It minimizes wear, cuts down repair bills and loss of time.En-ar-co Motor Oil has given years of service to thousands of owners who could not be induced to use any other oil.All leading manufacturers of automobiles, trucks and tractors have endorsed it.Fifteen years\u2019 of experience and the largest independent refiners of lubricants and gasoline in Canada are behind it.You are thus assured of a high-quality,scientifically refined motor oil\u2014an oil that will enable you to get better service from your motor with less trouble and expense to you.Try En-ar-co today.Get this Service with a saving.Buy En-ar-co by the 42 gallon steel drum.Ask your dealer.If he cannot supply you send your order to us.Use the coupon below.En-ar-co Gear Compound for gears, differentials, transmissions.White Rose Gasoline, clean, uniform, powerful.National Light Kerosene for tractor fuel, also for lamps, stoves and incubators.CANADIAN OIL COMPANIES, Limited Scientific Refining \u2014 In Business 15 Years The largest Independent Refiners of Gasoline and Lubricants in Canada.Complete Distributing Branches in 43 Cities, one of which is near you.Head Offfce: OOO Strachan Ave., Toronto, Ontario oevemmmissmmee ORDER BLANK sms sos ssa ms Champion X is the \\ standard spark plug for Ford cars and trucks and Fordson tractors.Recognized bydealers and owners Jor 10 years as themost economical and efficient spark plug.Sold by dealers everywhere More than 70,000 dealers sell dependable Champion Spark Flugs.You can get them anywhere for any engine and be certain of better engine performance.Dependable Champions are better because of the wonderful Champion insulator of siilimanite.This core is practically immune to breakage and never loses its insulating properties.Because 65 per cent of all spark plugs made are Champions, the price of the Champion Elue Box Line is but 85 cents and Champion X 75 cents.At dealers everywhere.A {ype and size for every engine.The genuine has the Double-Ribbed core Champion Spark Piug Co.of Canada, Ltd.Windsor, Ontario CHAMPION Dependable for Every Engine i CANADIAN OIL COMPANIES, LTD., 000 Strachan Ave., Toronto, Ont.2 1 My dealer does not curry your products.Quote prices on, or ship at once, : 1 eer esse allons ln-ar-vo Motor Oil Leemeeessccnenne gallons White Rose Gasoline 3 i [TOT rr eus lbs, En-ar-co Gear Compound Learrrencenuee es gallons National Light Kerosene i : ee nee lbs Black Beauty Axle Grease i PB Mynameis i rase cases St.or RR NOLL I 1 Postofice.oo raser conasene tance res COUNtY.encsecusce sossseecarancrnees Provinee.niin.i y D'OWN A .evorrrecccsccnnnessse ses cesser rca re save vrac sem My Dealer.\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026ueees i i located at .\u20ac Auto or Tractor) sans \u2018eussessssensessaeraseueensenen se cannot supply me.es A AE GE ES SE NK NN D ES NO SRE ES NS ANUS NS CAE SNS IS NS CN (OX SN ES CN NE CS SP SN AS ER AA 100 Yards of Ditch in Three Hours \u2014a better, cleaner and more satisfactory ditch than ore dug with pick and shovel, and made in less time and with less labor and less money.| C.X.L.Stumping Powder dug this ditch\u2014it is digging ditches for hundreds of farmers, who have found the value of C.X.L.on the farm.Whether you want to drain or irrigate\u2014whether your field is upland or swamp\u2014the C.X.L.way is the most practical.Use C.X.L.for stumping clearing your waste land and planting your fruit trees\u2014it does the work easier, more economically and it helps to produce better and ¢ larger crops.\u201cA Book for the Farmer on the Use of Explosives\u201d tells you how you can use C.X.L: 1 profitably on your farm.Write for your free copy today.1 i Canadian Explosives \\ Limited 79 612 Transportation Bldg.MONTREAL » Se _ a ny CIT 4S Wi al À ill Gp min Ze RA A =) D \u201cne IA RAI NEA Y Wn DAY CA D a.20 À nN ( {| an > RA HH) UY LS PP WITS or mC ~ \u2014\u2014 a Me?Sl - À museau Pac se a THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE III \u2014 YOU GANT CUT OUT 422054 but you can clean them off promptly Jrith ABSORBINE \u201cTRADE MARK REG.\\, S.PAT.OFF.and you work the horse same time.Does not blister or remove the hair 82.50 per bottle, delivered.Will tell you more if you write.Book 4 R free.ABSORBINE, JR,, the antiseptic liniment for mankind, reduces Varicose Veins, Ruptured Muscles or Ligaments, Enlarged Glands, Wens Cysts.Allays pain quickly.Price $1.25 a boule at druggists or delivered.W.F.YOUNG Inc., 134 Lymans Bldg., Montreal, \u2018can.Absorbine and Absorbine.Jr.are made la Canada.Accept Wii Free BEST OF QUALITY ony SIMONDS CANADA SAW (CO.LIMITED St.Rem! St.and Acorn Ave., Montreal, Que.Vancouver, B.C, St.John, N B.2-23 If it were only -for health\u2019s sake The low cost of installing a water system would be justified.The present unsanitary disposal of sewage and the resultant contamination of the water supply is a constant menace to the healt If space permitted, we could quote figures obtained from tests showing the astounding infantile death rate caused entirely from lack of proper toilet facilities.Every convenience of a city home is available in an 3 ë à \"17 7 pi GEE | / er ELAR WATER\u201d SUPPLY SYSTEM Not only does this system provide a complete running water supply for your kitchen and bathroom, but it enables you to do away with the back-breaking hand pump.For you it is a labor saver whose benefits cannot be estimated in dollars À complete system at BRS oir (ho) Bok, bach asin, toilet, kite And note the prettier teeth you see everywhere today sink, sewage disposal system and connections, underground septic tank and all necessary plumbing for an average home at a cost of approximately $650.00.Note how many teeth now glisten where dainty people gather.Let us send you our free booklet.4 _- i Mark what added beauty those The Empire Brass Mfg.Co., Limited à Head Office and Factory, London, Ontario.Branch Office and Warehouse:\u2014110 Adelaide St.West, Toronto, on _ whiter teeth convey.de Other Ring, The modern way Dental science has found two effective ways to fight that film and has amply proved them.One acts to disintegrate the film at all stages of formation.One removes Millions now clean teeth in a ; Per Clap.new way.They combat the film.455 ny et eph one the bete Accept this test and learn how it without harmful scouring.on A much that method means to you.A new-type tooth paste was created to apply these methods daily.The name is Pepsodent.Now leading dentists the world over advise You feel on teeth a viscous film.it, and careful people of some 50 much of it resists the tooth brush, nations use it.clings and stays.has all these eatures Film a dingy coat This switch hook is built for durability and quick action.£ D ly and with com-ÿ You hear distinct- 4 | fort through this - receiver.à Loud clear ringing gongs announce incoming calls.A powerful generator that will ring several telephones at once jor cali Central as Soon that film discolors, then forms dingy coats which cloud the beauty of the teeth.But film does more, It holds food substance which ferments and forms acid.It holds the acid in contact with the teeth to cause decay.Germs breed by millions in it.And they, with \u201dTwill surprise you Pepsodent brings these whiter, cleaner, safer teeth in natural ways, without any harnul scouring.It multiplies the alkalinity of the saliva, also its starch digestant.Those are Nature's agents for fighting acids and tartar, are the digesting! starch chief cause «of Protect the Enamel gcposits.Pepso- \\ : A | desired, pyorrhea.Pepsodent disintegrates the dent gives them a This push but- à | ton allows calling y (I | I | il ie onder Ad-way then removes mu with an manifold effect, of Central without ¥ | | This local and escaped the gow Never use a film combatant while old ways re- |! disturbing others | | | | i long distance t caused troubles.which contains harsh grit.luced their power.ç on the line.INA TIENNE il Ll l | mitter projects your ; J Cee i voice to the outer he Made in Canada Flexible and durable | | world.a \u2014 ce CANADA ' receiver cord of \u201c& | | -epso ni convenient length.| | = pl = The New-Day Dentifrice Comfortably sloped writing Now advised by leading dentists t the world over shelf enables you to note ee TTT TT Tm en me important information as received.A screw-driver only isneeded to mount this telephone or make any adjustment.Send the coupon for a 10- 1289 Can.Day Tube.Note how clean the teeth feel after using.10-Day Tube Free Mark the absence of the viscous film.See how teeth be- THE PEPSODENT COMPANY, Properly Packed.Packed individ- Northern Electric Company If your commun- tot cin substan.LIMITED Hy as Tone come whiter as the cloudy Dept.381, 191 George Street, Toronto, Can.toinstall, com.\u201cMakers of the Nation's Telephones\" write us.Our ex- coats disappear.You will Mail 10-Day Tube of Pepsodent to plete with screws Montreal Toronto Windsor Calgary.perlence ls at your then know a way to bring and battery con- Halifax Hamilton Winnipeg Edmonton We will help you vast benefits to all people in |.200 Lean La nn a nectors.Quebec London ® Regina Vancouver organize.your home.Cut out coupon now.eae Weight \u201432 Ibs, Only one tube to a family IV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE P Back to Work | in Four Days If you are a sufferer from kidney or bladder trouble, read how this man was relieved: \u2014 \u201cI have used Gin Pills for bladder trouble and general kidney derangement.I suffered from an aching back which interfered with my work on the railroad.It was so bad that I had to give up my work for about two months.Then I started using Gin Pills for the Kidneys, which gave me relief in four days, so that I could go back to work.I know Gin Pills to be a wonderful remedy for kidney and bladder complaints, and can recommend them to any one who may be suffering as I did.\u201d (Signed) Delbert Page.ri TERRE Gin Pills will relieve you, too.Get a box to-day, 50 cents, at your druggists.National Drug & Chemical Co.of Canada, Limit Toronto, Ontario, DEERE ES NIEEE Gino Pills in U.S.A.are the same as Gin Pills in Canada.0 gel a roof that will positively protect your building, no matter how fiercely the lightning may strike, use Pedlar\u2019s \u201c George\u2019 Steel Shingles, and run a ~ cable from each corner to the proper depth in the moist ground.That's all! A roof like that defies lightning, because the whole roof is one sheet of steel, properly grounded.Pedlar's \u201cGeorge\u201d Steel Shingles not only give you a lightning-proof roof, but a roof ; that cannot catch fire from any external cause, such as falling sparks.They also give you a roof that is wind-proof, rain-proof, snow-proof-\u2014\u2014a roof that will last as long as your barn holds together, without continual cost for repairs.: S 1 f R f Sh thi 2 A y Charge from etc ave /3 O OO ea Ing Wilson Common-Sense Ear Drums \u201cLittle Wireless Phones for the Ears\" require no pr Da too natural eur du unes They LE Look at the diagram to the left.It hero thoyarejavisibie.Soft safe and comfortable.shows how you save lumber by NES Ofonay foronr 108 page FLE book on DEAR using Pedlar\u2019s \u201cGeorge\u201d Steel TS IELSON EAR DRUM CO.Incorporated Shingles.No need to cover the whole roof with sheathing.Simply nail 4 x 1 inch purlins across the rafters at 12-inch centres, and you have a perfect foundation for the big \u201cGeorge\u201d Shingles, which are A uni 24 inches square and lock together Af universal custom on all four sides; 25 \u201c George\u201d ter that benefits every- Shingles cover 100 square feet of body roof \u2014 fewer shingles to handle\u2014 Every fewer nails to drive.Aids digestion, » Me al cleanses the teeth, Mail The Coupon For Free Estimate # soothes the throat.| pammeserertenerseesansen ina nada anni as Anne ananas mean nee see name WY Send us the measurement of any roof Le ly you want to cover and we will tell you 1 Theo PEDLAR PEOPLE Limited, by return mail, the cost of covering it | ; with \"George\" Shingles.Fill in the ; Dept.J.A., Oshawa, Ont.o ; coupon and mail it fo us to-day.: Please furnish us with am estimate of the cest ef reefing material a ood thin wh : ar riding to adequately sever my house er barn reef, ebyle of building b A The PEDLAR PEOPLE Limited {is as per sketek abtached.to remember 5 Established 186) : 26 Nazareth St, Montreal, Que.i Sealed i in | | Executive Offices : Oshawa, Ont.; Name.Pt te Pt SEE tete tee Late its Purity Factories: Oshawa, Ont., and Montreal, Que.: Branches: : Package Quebee, Ottawa, Toronto, Hamilton, London, ; Addvess Winnipeg, Calgary, Vancouver.2, Ÿ = FLAVOR LASTS \u2018ea TUT Se wei aad am \u2014 i a er a THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE ANDHORTICULTURE Public Subscription is mvited for Dominion of Canada Refunding Loan 1923 5% Bonds Dated and bearing interest from 15th October, 1923, and offered as follows: 20 year Bonds due 15th October, 1943 Principal payable at the office of the Receiver-General at Ottawa or that of the Assistant Receiver- General at Halifax, St.John, Charlottetown, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary or Victoria.Sems-annual interest (15th April and 15th October; payable at any branch in Canada of any chartered bank.Denominations: $100, $500, $1,000 All bonds may be registered as to principal only, and bonds in denomination of $500 and authorized multiples thereof may be fully registered.These bonds are authorized under Act of the Parliament of Canada, and both principal and interest are a charge upon the Consolidated Revenue Fund.To Holders of 1923 Victory Bonds In addition to the bonds offered for cash it has been To Cash Subscribers Offering Terms This issue presents a most attractive investment.The security is incomparable and the income return high.The bonds will occupy an investment position equal to that of Canada\u2019s Victory Bonds.The bonds are offered for cash as follows: 98.25 and interest yielding 5.14% This offer is made subject to prior sale and to advance in price.arranged that all owners of Victory Bonds due November 1st, 1923, may exchange their holdings for the same amount of the new issue.They will receive in cash the difference between the face value of their maturing bonds and the purchase price of the new security, namely: at the rate of $1.75 per $100.Special Privilege Interest coupons on bonds exchanged are to be retained by the owner and cashed on November 1st.As the new bonds will be dated October 15th, holders who exchange will thus receive an extra half month\u2019s interest thereby reducing the cost of bonds from 98.25 to: .98.02 and interest yielding 5.169% Holders are urged to act promptly as this privilege is subject to withdrawal.Dominion of Canada bonds are the most attractive investment obtainable in Canada Orders may be telegraphed or telephoned (collect) and exchanges made through any of the undersigned or through your usual dealer or bank.The right is reserved to allot a less amount of bonds than applied for, and to sell for cash more than Dominion Securities Corporation, Ltd Bank of Montreal Bank of Nova Scotia Bank of Toronto Banque d\u2019Hochelaga Banque Provinciale du Canada Sterling Bank of Canada Æmilius Jarvis and Company, Ltd.Hanson Brothers René T.Leclerc, Ine.Nesbitt, Thomson and Company, Ltd.C.H.Burgess and Company W.A.Mackenzie & Co., Ltd.$50,000,000.issued and delivered to us.Wood, Gundy and Company .A.E.Ames and Company Royal Bank of Canada Imperial Bank of Canada Bank of Hamilton Molsons Bank Banque Nationale Weyburn Security Bank R.A.Daly and Company Harris, Forbes and Company Matthews and Company, Ltd.Osler and Hammond F.H.Deacon and Company These bonds are offered for delivery in interim form on or about October 15th, 1923, when, as, and if National City Company, Limited Canadian Bank of Commerce Dominion Bank Union Bank of Canada Standard Bank of Canada Montreal City and District Savings Bank La Caisse d\u2019Economie Gairdner, Clarke and Company Kerr, Flemming and Company McLeed, Young, Weir and Company,Ltd.Royal Securities Corporation, Limited Greenshields and Company Macneill, Graham & Co.A.D.Morrow & Co.Murray & Company EE A _ Fed VI Volume and efficiency produce 25e quality for 10C Certainly\u2014 A Secret 3,000 Years Old Centuries ago the ancient Egyptians discovered that the use of palm and olive oils as cleansers would keep their skin smooth and soft.Flagons of palm and olive oils equipped the sumptuous marble bath of Cleopatra.The crude combination of these bygone days was the first Palmolive the world knew.It was the inspiration for the scientific, modern blend which is known the world over.Palm and olive oils \u2014nothing else\u2014give nature\u2019s green color to Palmolive Soap.Your own mild Palmolive 1s the ideal soap for your baby The quality which makes Palmolive the beautifying cleanser which keeps your complexion fresh and smooth also makes it the perfect baby soap.The mildness which makes the profuse, creamy lather lotion-like in its effect keeps the tender skin of infancy soft and comfortable.If you could find milder, purer soap to use for baby, you should adopt it as your own facial soap.But, search where you may, milder, purer soap cannot be found.If it could be made, we would make it.But until nature herself produces finer soap ingredients than palm and olive oils, this can\u2019t be done.Nothing better has been found in 3,000 years.Your beautifier \u2014 Baby\u2019s comfort Millions of women have learned that the secret of a fresh, blooming, flawless complexion is daily cleansing with Palmolive Soap.They know from experience that the lotion-like lather cleanses without a trace of irritation, removing the deposits of dirt, oil and perspiration which must be washed away.They know that to neglect this daily cleansing results in clogging, and that such clogging means enlarged pores, blackheads, blotches and general skin disfigurement, And that, while harsh methods injure the delicate skin texture, Palmolive leaves it soothed and refreshed.Thus women of mature years keep that schoolgirl complexion long after girlhood days have passed.Thus their own experience has taught them what soap to use for their babies and made Palmolive the most popular baby soap.The price you want to pay If we made Palmolive in small quantities for a limtied number of users it would necessarily be a very expensive soap.Palm and olive oils are costly and come from overseas.And the Palmolive process is elaborate.But, the world-wide demand of millions of users requires enormous output, which keeps the Palmolive factories working day and night.This quantity production reduces cost so that we are able to offer Palmolive for only 10c a cake.Thus the luxury facial soap and the ideal baby soap can be economically enjoyed for general toilet use.The daily bath with Palmolive, which is baby\u2019s rightful comfort, may be enjoyed by all.MADE IN CANADA Copyright 1923 The Palmolive Co.of Canada, Ltd, 1983C. see ab TRA No RL en ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC.All maters relating to the reading columns must be addressed to S, R.N.Hodgins, Editor, Macdonald College P.O., P.Q He JOURNAL #5 AND HORTICULTURE FOR RATES PUBLISHING CO.Limited 78 St.James St., Montreal.FRENCH 58,866 ENGLISH 8,166 Circulation - 67,032 Volume 27 OCTOBER 1st 1923 Number 4 EDITORIAL COMMENT The Fall Fair Season N so far as the large exhibitions are concerned, the fall fair season has come to a close.There remains but the Royal, which, running as it will from November 17th to 24th, should bring out again the finest stock from the various fairs for national and international competition.But the fall fairs, as generally understood, are over for this year; and their results have already been recorded by the daily and weekly papers.It is our misfortune that, as a monthly periodical, we are unable to do much towards reporting these livestock exhibit on, unless in a few instances when the date of their holding fits in with our date of going to press.But as a general thing it is left for the monthly magazine simply to sum up a few of the outstanding things in connection with these shows, and to point out general tendencies.9, 2 % % °° % The livestock section at the Sherbrooke Exhibition showed a considerable falling off this year in number of entries as compared with last year.This was largely accounted for by the change in policy, emboding the \u201cfavoured breeds\u201d plan, as a result of which such breeds as the Brown Swiss, which are usually well represented at Sherbrooke, were absent from the show.The trouble was that only part of the plan was put into force.Certain breeds were largely eliminated from the prize list\u2014bat the list of premiums for the remaining breeds was not increased.It was a cutting off here, without an addition there.What must be done is to lengthen and increase the list of prizes offered in these \u201cfavoured breeds\u201d in comparison with the amounts saved in the classes \u201clopped off\u201d.In this way the classes that remain will be much fuller\u2014and the total number of animals shown should be increased.In the Ayrshire classes in particular.Quebec gave a good account of itself at the Canadian National Exhibition at Toronto.For this, great credit is due to R.R.Ness & Sons, of Howick, who succeeded in carrying off all championship honors in these classes.Strathglass Glass Gold Chink, their herd sire, was made senior and grand champion in the male classes, with Rowallan Katerfelto junior champion male.From the same herd came Burnside Blossom Andrietta for senior and grand champion female honors, whilst Palmerston Bright Eyes, a stable mate was chosen as junior female champion.Over five hundred animals, belonging to forty- one herds, were included in the dairy cattle exhibit at the Canadian National.Of these, it is interesting to note, thirty herds were either accredited or under process of accreditation.The Central Canada Fair, Ottawa, was stronger in livestock this year then it has been for a long time.As a matter of fact, both from the standpoint of numbers and of quality of exhibits, the Ottawa I'air this year ranked about as high as any held in the country.For here came together the cream of both the Ontario and the Quebec show circuits, and in most of the classes competition was exceptionally keen.In fact in more than one class in the dairy cattle section, animals that had been made champions at Toronto were moved down in their classes to make room for entries coming from the Sherbrooke and Quebec shows.Again Quebec stock stood high in the list of winners of championship honors.In one of the best exhibits of Clydesdales staged in recent years, Royal Master, for R.Ness & Son, of Howick, carried off Grand Championship in the stallion classes; whilst other entries from this and other Quebec stables stood high.R.R.Ness & Sons again carried premier honors in the Ayrshire classes, winning grand championship for the males with Gold Chink, and for the females with Burnside Blossom Andrietta\u2014the latter winning over Budge\u2019s Palmerston Hyacinthe 8th, a repeated champion.In the Jersey section Edwards & Son of Hillhurst, captured championship honors for the province; whilst from the herd of P.J.Salley, Lachine Rapids, came the reserve champions in both male and female classes of Holsteins.In all, a rather satisfactory season for Quebec stockmen ! The Provincial Plowing Match HE Provincial Plowing Match will be held T this year at Sherbrooke, on October 9, 10 and 11.To this event are invited all good ploughmen and all those who are interested in good husbandry.A splendid site for the holding of such a competition has been obtained on the farm of Mr.Gedeon Belanger, at a distance of only one and a half miles from the city of Sherbrooke; and zuod accommodation for teams and outfits will be found at the Sherbrooke Fair Grounds, which, together with the buildings, have been put at the disposal of the contestants by the Sherbrooke Exhibition Commission.As usual there will be six classes open to competitors, and two thousand dollars is offered in Special Freight Reduction for Hay HE Department of Agriculture has obtained from the railways a reduction on the transport of hay, in carload lots, for the benefit of the farmers in the county of Char- levoix.This reduction is in the neighborhood of 25% on the actual rate.This will only be applied for the transport of hay from one station in the province of Quebec to another station, situated on the Murray Bay sub-division of the C.N.R.It is granted on the following lines only.C.N.R,, C.P.R, QM.& S.R,, and Q.C.R.Only farmers, agricultural societies, farmers\u2019 clubs and co-operative agricultural societies may benefit by this favourable tariff.All cars should be consigned to the Minister of Agriculture, in care of a farmer, an agricultural society, a farmers\u2019 club or a co-operative agricultural society, and such should only be delivered to its consignee on an order from the Department.This formality is required by the railway companies as a guarantee that the merchandise will be really delivered to the farmers, but it is well understood that the Department of Agriculture at Quebec does not itself sell the hay.Farmers and agricultural societies desiring to benefit by these reduced rates, should first get in touch with the railway agent at the station of delivery, sign and transmit to the depariment a contract to use this hay for their own animals, or if they dispose of them not to sell it, in whole or in part, except to farmers for feeding to their animals.On the receipt of this contract the Department will issue a permit of delivery.If the farmers do not keep this agreement, this favourable tariff will be immediately cancelled.This notice is only to make known the result of proceeding undertaken by the Department of Agriculture with the railway companies for obtaining a reduction.It does not constitute a contract on the part of the Government.In all cases, each one interested should get in touch with the authorities of the railway concerned.This special tariff takes effect immediately and expires the 30th of April 1924.J.A.GRENIER, Deputy Minister of Agriculture.P.S.All correspondence concerning this reduced rate should be addressed to Mr.J.B.Cloutier, Department of Agriculture, Quebec.prizes.The first class is open to all plain plows, and carries a list of fourteen prizes.The second class, with six prizes, is open to young men under twenty years of age.The third class, likewise carrying six prizes, is open to boys under seventeen years.The fourth class is open to all with Scotch, or high cutting plows, and carries ten prizes.The fifth class is for two furrow plows, with two or three horses, and for this five prizes are available.And the sixth class, with five prizes also, is for tractor plowing.The city of Sherbrooke is providing free a banquet, to the contestants, at the close of the match, at which the prizes will be distributed.All concerned join in issuing a hearty invitation to progressive farmers to attend this event, at which will be gathered together not only the finest plowmen that are to be found in this part of the province, but also the most up-to-date farm machinery and equipment.A complete programme may be obtained from Mr.Brown B.S.A,, Secretary of the Plowman's Association, Parliament Buildings, Quebec.Notes by the Way EGINNING today, October 1, postage stamps will not be accepted for the war duty on cheques, receipts and bank drafts.To these must be attached the regular Inland Revenue Stamps, which are not obtainable at post offices but only at banks and such other places as may be designated by the Department of Customs and Excise.A news despatch from London, England, states that British prospects are for the poorest fruit crop in years, and that in the opinion of prominent importers Canadian fruits never had a better chance on English markets.There will be no good English dessert apples on the market after October, and Canadian will have none but American competition for at least three months.Prospects are for much better prices for Canadian fruits in England than were obtained last season.) e, » + $ A beginning has been made in the organization of a Division of Dairy Research in the Dairy and Cold Storage Branch at Ottawa, by the appointment of Egerton G.Hood, B.S.A., Ph.D., to the position of Chief of the Division.Dr.Hood at present fills the position of Lecturer in Bacteriology at Macdonald College.He is a graduate of the Ontario Agricultural College and the Massachusetts Agricultural College at Amherst.5 The exports of dairy produce from New Zealand for the grading season beginning August 1922 and ending with July 1923, show shipments of butter totalling 67,850 tons, and 61,220 tons of cheese.This is an increase of 34% in the case of the butter over the export of the previous year, and a decrease in exports of cheese of 4%.9 0, 0 0 %° oe The position of Quebec province as a producer of potatoes is shown in the summary of crop prospects issued for the month of September by the Fruit Branch, Ottawa.From the standpoint of production Quebec leads the provinces, which line up in the following order: Quebec 18,768,000 centals, Ontario 10,455,000, New Brunswick 6,468,000, Saskatchewan 4,405,000, Nova scotia 3,833,000, Alberta 3,721,000, Prince Edward Island 3,386,000, Manitoba 2,905,- 000, British Columbia, 2,309,000.What we have yet to do is to learn to market this crop profitably. 42 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE De JOURNAL AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ISSUED MONTHLY BY THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC For rates of Advertisements, address THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO., Limited, 73 St.James St, - - Montreal NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.0000000000000 000000000000 CITIZENSHIP V.By Dr.H.D.Brunt HEN the members of the House of Commons assemble after an election, they find themselves \u2018lined-up\u2019 into parties under chosen leaders.The Governor-General sends for the leader who seems to command the greatest number of followers.This leader becomes Premier or Prime Minister, From among his followers in the House of Commons (or in the Senate) he selects a group of men as his \u201cCabinet\u201d or Executive Council.He may even choose men outside either /House, as did Sir Wilfrid Laurier in 1896 when he invited Hon.W.S.Fielding, Premier of Nova Scotia, to become Finance Minister.In that case, however, the minister must secure a seat in the commons by being elected from some constituency.Members of the commons, when chosen must resign their seats and seek re-election.The reason is an historical one: centuries ago, the Executive Council was not under ithe control of the Commons, but of the King; representatives were really chosen to watch over the interests of the people against the aggression of the King and his Ministers.Hence, no member could join that group unless he first got the consent of the people who sent him there.History explains many of the usages in our governing machinery.These men have each to take charge of a great department of the country\u2019s business, and are known as Minister of Finance, Foreign Affairs, Interior, Defence, Postmaster-General, ete.A new department has been created within the last few days \u2014 Ministry of Immigration.Sometimes extra members are included in the cabinet because of their wisdom, knowledge, influence, but without charge of a department \u2014 ministers \u201cwithout portfolio\u201d.The name is given, presumably, because, having no department, they do not need to run around with important papers in a portfolio! On a football team we used to call them \u201cspare men\u201d; in this age of machinery one might call them spare parts \u2014 standardized.9000000000000 0000000000 INSPECTION OF STALLIONS List of the places at which the inspectors of the Department will be from the 1st to the 13th of October 1923 for inspecting stallions intended for service in 1924 Date Place Hotel Hour Oct.1 Becancour, Nicolet Co.Dumont Hotel .8.00 to 8.30 A.M.\u201c 1 Gentilly, Nicolet Co.Dumont Hotel .10.00 to 11.00 A.M.« 1 St.Jean Deschaillons, Lotbiniere.Beaudet Hotel .1.00 to 2.00 P.M.\u201c 1 Lotbiniere, at the home of J.Page, MMV.3.00 to 3.30 P.M.\u201c 2 Ste.Croix, Lotbiniere, at the home of Fraser, blacksmith .8.30 to 9.00 AM, \u201c 2 Dosquet .eee Station, C.N.R.Le» 10.00 to 10.30 A.M.\u201c Z Ste.Agathe 11.112111 14 Le a ea av Gregoire Hotel .11.00 to 11.30 A.M.\u201c 2 Lyster .La a ea aa ee Station Hotel .2.00 to 2.30 P.M.\u201c 2 Plessisville .0.Exhibition Grounds .3.30 to 4.00 P.\u201c 3 Inverness .ee Delaney Hotel .8.30 to 9.00 AM.\u201c 3 Thetford .Commercial Hotel .11.30 to 12.00 A.M.\u201c 3 Victoriaville .Bernier Hotel .3.00 to 4.00 P.M.\u201c 4 Danville .Ingall Hotel .10.00 to 10.30 A.M.\u201c4 Wotton .Lee Pinard Hotel .12.30 to 1.00 P.M.\u201c 4 South Durham .Station Hotel .4.30 to 5.00 P.M.\u201c 8 Richmond .St.Jacob Hotel .9.00 to 9.30 A.M.\u201c 5B L'Avenir .1114 Village Hotel .10.30 to 11.00 A.M.* 5 St.Guillaume, Yamaska .Bisson Hotel .3.00 to 3.30 P.M.\u201c 6 Drummondville .Birtz Hotel .9.00 to 9.30 AM.\u2018\u201c\u201c 6 St.Leonard, Nicolet Co.Poirier Hotel .11.00 to 12.00 A.M.\u201c 6 St.Celestin .0.C.Houle Hotel .1.00 to 1.30 P.M.\u201c 8 Nicolet .A LA A Aa ea Houde Hotel .10.00 to 10.30 A.M.\u2018\u201c\u201c 8 La Baie, Yamaska .Rousseau Hotel .11.30 to 12.00 A.M.* 8 Pierreville, Yamaska ., Rousseau Hotel .1.00 to 1.30 P.M.*\u201c 8 Yamaska East, Yamaska .Hotel .3.00 to 3.30 P.M.\u201c9 St.Aime, Richelieu .Vigean Hotel .8.30 to 9.00 A.M.\u201c 9 Ste.Victoire, Richelieu .Hotel .10.00 to 10.30 A.M.\u201c 9 St.Denis .L ALL LL LL Hotel .1.00 to 2.00 P.M.\u201c 10 St.Pie, Bagot .Gagnon Hotel .9.00 to 10.00 A.M.\u201c 10 St.Hugues .LL LL LL Gaumont Hotel .1.00 to 2.00 P.M.\u201c 10 St.Damase, St.Hyacinthe .Hotel .3.30 to 4.00 P.M.\u201c 11 St.Hyacinthe .Drs.Gatien & Son .9.00 to 10.00 A.M.\u201c 11 St.Charles .Hotel .1.00 to 2.00 P.M.\u201c 11 Beloeil .Station Hotel .3.00 to 4.00 P.M.\u201c12 St.Bruno .LL LL LL LL LL Village Hotel .9.00 ta 10.00 A.M.\u201c 12 Boucherville, at the home of F.Malo.«ovo iv rte ie.1.00 to 2.00 P.M.\u201c12 Varenne .ii ee.Messier Hotel .3.00 to 3.30 P.M.\u201c 13 Vercheres .St.Cerny Hotel .8.00 to 9.00 A.M.\u201c13 Sorel .a a La La a ea ne Balmoral Hotel .1.00 to 1.30 P.M.Please make known this itinerary to all prop -ietors of stallions in your locality.OSCAR LESSARD, Secre ary of the Committee of Inspection of Stallions.The cabinet really forms a committee, though not so called, of the Parl\u2018ament to carry on the business of the country.It can usually be called together at any time; it discusses policies, makes plans, and its decisions are the decisions of the cabinet as a whole.Whatever a minister does in his department or says in Parliament is usually the result of full consultation in the cabinet, The minister is not necessarily an expert in the affairs of the department over which he presides \u2014 a minister of railways may not know much about railways: he depends upon his paid staff to inform him fully upon all such matters.But when he is thus informed, his ability as a debater and a speaker will anable him to explain and defend (or evade explanation) the operation of his department.Deputy-Ministers, experts in Commerce, Finance, Fisheries, Postal-affairs, ete, are permanent officials, are not in Parliament and secure uniformity, continuity and efficienty in spite of frequent change of the \u201cParliamentary Head\u201d.A parliamentary minister, however, when keen, intellectual, capable, can bring about many fruitful reforms in his department.A permanent official, however capable, is often more apt to resist change, Under the cabinet is a paid Civil Service in all departments.There are two ways of appointing a Civil Service: a.The Patronage System; b.An Organized Merit System.In the first, the appointment is in the hands of jthe party successful at the polls, and is usually administered by a committee in each constituency.After each change of government, there would be a more or less wholesale change of at least minor officials.In the second, the Civil Service is taken entirely out of the hands of politicians, and the positions are held by men who have taken competitive examinations.The latter system is now, to a large extent, in operation in \u2018Canada.Some persons wish to return to the old system \u2014 to the victors the spoils.Can the old system be justified?It is this Cabinet which is called the Government or the Executive.Theoretically, the Premier has full control over his Cabinet and can dismiss any member at any time.Actually, of course, he is largely controlled by all sorts of checks and influences.Above all, if he is to remain in power, he must keep a majority in the House of Commons to prevent a \u201cVote of Want of Confidence\u201d.A Government only remains in power as long as it retains such a majority.This is what is meant by \u201cResponsible Government\u201d \u2014 the Executive responsible to the Legislature, the latter to the people.: In the United States, the President (correspond- inf in power to our Premier is elected by the people for four years.During that time, no vote of want of confidence can turn him from his place.He chooses his own Cabinet (subject to approval of Senate, which rarely refuses to approve), and can call them from any walk in life or any part of the United States.Neither he nor his Cabinet can be members of the Legislature, whereas in Canada they must be members.The President can veto any bill sent him for signature, and only by passing the bill three times in one session can his veto be overcome.While his personal influence may accomplish much in having certain legislation introduced, neither he nor the cabinet introduces legislation into the Legislative Houses.As the Senate may change one third of its Senators every two years, and as the House of Representatives has a full election every two years, a President may find either or both of those bodies hostile to him, his cabinet, his views.Why this great difference?The \u201cUnited States\u201d was created in the latter part of the 18th century, at a time when the personal rule and power of the King in England was strong, when the \u201cExecutive Council\u201d not only interpreted the will of the King, but sought to dominate the Legislature.Even the judges were supposed to be in a very real sense the \u201cKing\u2019s Justice\u201d.The framers of the American Constitution determined: to create a system which would completely exclude the Executive from any control or influence over the elected legislature.The political genius of the English people, meanwhile, has devised a system retaining the close interaction of executive and legislative powers, while removing the irrespon- s'ble element of personal rule.Hence our Cabinet system of Responsible Government.SU \u2014_\u2014\u2014 \u2014 TT To * THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 43 Quebec Dual Purpose Shorthorn Men Meet First Annual Meeting of New Association Held in Sherbrooke.Will ask that Dual Purpose Type only be recognized in Shorthorn Classes at Sherbrooke Fair next year.HAT the directors of the Sherbrooke Fair be requested to alter the Shorthorn section of the prize list in such a manner as to provide for the showing at their fair of milking Shorthorns only, such was the tenor of a resolution proposed by S.Gobeil, La Patrie, seconded by Mr.Woodward, Lennoxville, and passed unanimously at the first annual meeting of the newly formed Quebec Milking Shorthorn Association, held a couple of weeks ago in Sherbrooke.This resolution was the outcome of considerable discussion at the meeting, and has put into concrete form the oft-voiced opinions of those who have followed the Shorthorn showing at Sherbrooke Fair during the past few years.The meeting was called by Alexander MacLaren, Buckingham, President of the Association, and took the form of a dinner, provided by Messrs Maec- Laren and T.B.Macauley, Hudson Heights.with addresses and open discussion afterwards.Owing to the fact that the notices of the meeting were rather late in going out the attendance was not so large as had been hoped for, but the meeting was full of interest, the discussions were animated, and it is expected that by next year many more breed enthusiasts will be sufficiently interested to attend these meetings.MILKY SHORTHORNS WHAT WE WANT In the absence of Mr.MacLaren, the Vice- President, Mr.T.B.Macaulay, presided.In an interesting address on the milking possibilities of properly bred Shorthorns Mr.Macaulay ontiined briefly the history of the breed from the time of Bates and Booth down to the present.Whilst Bates was more interested in milk and Booth in beef.he said, neither bred for one quality to the exclusion of the other, It was not until the Shorthorns were taken to the north of Scotland by Cruikshanks and others that the exclusively beef type of Shorthorn was developed, first as the result of the Scotch lack of interest in dairying, and second as a result of the demands from the ranchers of the Western States and the Argentine for cows that would dry up as soon as they had started their calves, and that would be troubled with no udder ills.Thus, pointed out the speaker, we have a difference in milking possibilities between animals of the old Scotch type, which have the good milking strains of Bates blood, and the modern Scotch type \u2014that have no place in this country since the ranches have disappeared, and that are especially unwanted in Quebec.Stock of the latter type has done great harm throughout the country, said Mr.Macaulay, and farmers who formerly had good milking Shorthorn herds, have, in many cases, ruined their herds and impoverished themselves by buying for herd sires Scotch bulls of the modern type.The present tendency is to swing back to the old milking Shorthorn cow.Even now in England the local demand is entirely for Dual Purpose animals.The only outlet for the strictly beef type of Shorthorn is the South American market.In Canada and in the United States, said the speaker, we have to restore the breed to its former status as a true Dual Purpose animal, as has been done in England, And as a consequence those who are breeding true Dual Purpose stock have a bright future before them.Mr.Macaulay discussed at some length just what constitutes a Dual Purpose animal.In his opinion a cow cannot be called Dual Purpose that gives less than 8,000 lbs.of milk when mature.The purpose of a dairy animal, he said, must be to improve the milking qualities of ordinary stock with which it may be crossed.The purpose of a beef animal should bz to improve the meat qualities.And a true Dual Purpose animal should be capable of improving both the milking and the beefing qualities of ordinary stock\u2014otherwise it is not a Dual Purpose animal, but a no purpose animal, There is no unsurmountable .inconsistency between the ability to give a good flow of milk (which is a maternal function) and the possession of beef possibilities (i.e.a large frame, well muscled), in the opinion of the speaker.Several well known milking champions were cited as examples of animals that carried good beefing qualities, That we have not more with this happy combination of characters, affirmed the speaker, is simply due to that fact that it is more difficult to breed for two qualities than for one.But, he said, \u201cwe are getting there\u201d.What we need most is to get more milk.We already have good beef.In this connection Mr.Macaulay made a strong plea for the keeping of records as a basis of building up the milking possibilities of our Shorthorn cattle.There are over three hundred breeders of Shorthorns in this province and very few of them take advantage of the R.O.P.work.The day has gone by, concluded the speaker, when any farmer can afford to buy a bull for his herd on the general statement that his mother was a good milker.In too many cases the result is less milk in the next generation.Under R.O.P.testing it is possible to know exactly.And the future of the breed in this province depends upon the ability of the breeders to secure for their herds sires having strong milking inheritance.POSSIBILITIES FOR IMPROVING QUEBEC STOCK That this new Dual Purpose Shorthorn Association has a unique opportunity for service was pointed out by Prof.H.Barton, Macdonald College, who is acting as secretary of the new association.We already have a great deal of good Shorthorn blood in this province\u2014much more than anyone had realized before the organization of this associaticn last year.But we have heard little of it.As a breed the Shorthorns have been more or less side-tracked in this province during the past few years, for beef blood had been introduced and had not meet our situation.The result has been less efficiency, but still the stock remaining.The purpose then of this association is to make something of the asset we already have here in good Shorthorn blood\u2014a purpose that is a worthy one both from the breed standpoint and from the standpoint of increasing the efficiency of the livestock in the province.The one step taken a year ago in organizing the association, said Prof.Barton, has been in itself a great boon to the breed.Keener interest is being shown in Shorthorns throughout the province.People are talking Shorthorns\u2014and as yet we are only getting started FAVOURS RESTRICTED BREED POLICY Prof.Barton declared himself in favour of the restricted breed principle that has been introduced in the fair systems this year, although admitting that it would probably require some readjustment.In this province, he said, there is a distinct place for Shorthorns.We already have much blood of that breed and it will not soon be changed.But our Shorthorns must give milk.Referring to the situation in the Sherbrooke section, the centre of the milking Shorthorn district of the province, Prof.Barton stated that milking Shorthorns should be given a place at the Sherbrooke Fair\u2014and milking Shorthorns only.If this fair stands for agricultural improvement in the Eastern Townships as they say it does, said Prof.Barton, the directors should see to it that in future the Dual Purpose Shorthorn is featured at their exhibition.And this policy of elimination of surplus breeds must have its other side\u2014the enlargement and lengthening of the prize list for the breeds that are to be encouraged.R.0.P.WORK ESSENTIAL Whilst Prof.Barton agreed with the former speaker that beef and milk qualities are not im- compatible, he gave it as his opinion that as a practical proposition we cannot get the best of both today.It is too difficult to secure the stock.What we have to do is to steer a middle course and breed for milk in the best foundation stock that we already have.We have in the province much good foundation blood\u2014much stock capable of great milking\u2014but practically no R.O.P.tested Shorthorns.Last year, said the speaker, it would have been possible for the association to place a carload of Shorthorn bull calves if credentials had been available\u2014but no such credentials could be given with these bulls.The R.O.P.test, he said, is the opportunity of the small breeder.It is his chance to put his stock and himself as a breeder on the map.If a cow can qualify she deserves to have this certified by record, and the breeder needs such a record in his business.If she cannot qualify she should not be kept\u2014and nothing but the test will show this up in its true light.CLUB WORK VALUABLE Amongst the speakers that followed were Mr.S.Gobeil, and Mr.L.C.Roy, who spoke of the organization of the Compton County Milking Shorthorn Club, a report of the organization of which appears elsewhere in this issue, and Mr.S.Boiley, Live Stock Promoter for the district, who described the work done in the Ste.Edwidge section of Compton county, in the formation of bull clubs.In this district twelve breeders of grade milking Shorthorns have placed at the heads of their herds purebred sires during the past year and next year this work will be followed up by placing in the herds purebred heifers through the formation of heifer clubs.Through the heifer clubs that have been organ\u2018zed in this and other breeds by the Federal Livestock Branch, said Mr.Boiley, many breeders have been persuaded to put their cows on R.O.P.test\u2014 the usual thing being to find these men in a short while testing their whole herds.Another noticeable feature is that many of these go in for accredited herd status, some five Shorthorn men in Compton County now being in this work.Other speakers included Messrs Gautreau, and Adrien Morin of the Quebec Department, Mr.J.A.McClarey, Superintendent of the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville, H.Elliott, Danville, and George Mooney, Inverness.AGED MILKING SHORTHORN COW CLASS AT THE 1923 ENGLISH ROYAL SHOW.\u2014This class, headed by the champion female, Lily Charter 2nd, gives a good idea of the type of Milking Shorthorn being favored in England today. 44 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Our Rural Peerage Side Lights on the 1923 Competition of Agriculture Merit.N the 4th.of last month there was held at Quebec, during the Provincial Exh'bition, w'th the usual ceremonies, the annual gathering of the members, new and old, of ihe Order of Agricultural Merit.But although present at the sessions, we have decided that rather than give a complete report of proceeding such as has already appeared in the daily papers, we shall give just a few impressions of the celebrat on\u2014a few of the high lights\u2014and try to draw a few conclusions from these.+, *, +, °° ** on Founded by Mercier, based on a s'm'lar institution in France, the Order of Agricultural Merit has been in existence \u2018n the Province of Quebec for some thirty years now.It picks out the hest farmers, makes known and advertises their work; in a word, it exalts those who are devoting their best thought and energies to the advancement of agriculture on their own farms and in their own neighbourhoods.One might call it a rural peerage, for its members form a real agricultural aristocracy.Four judges accompanied by a secretary visit cach year one of the agricultural regions Into which, for this and other competitive purposes, the province is divided.They carefully inspect the farms, question the operators, take into account the work and management observable, balance by the aid of a score card the good and bad points in the system, and thus arrive at the total number of points merited by cach.There are three classes of competitors: those for the bronze medal, those for the silver medal, and those for the gold medal.One must pass successively from one to the other.And elsewhere on th's page we publish, with their respective number of points, a list of the competitors for 1923.Like all inst\u2018tutions which evolve progressively, the board of judges for this competition has been subject lately to a few important changes.Mr.I.J.Marsan.the faithful secretary of the board for many years, himself suggested the advisability of \u2018nfusing new blood into the organization.So, in the spring of 1922, Mr.Grenier, Deputy-Minister of Agriculture, at the suggestion of Messrs.Mar- san, Roy and Lessard, named as judge a young professor from the Oka Agricultural School, Mr.Gustave Toupin.At the same time Mr.Marsan resigned.offering his place to another Oka professor, Mr.Charles A.Fontaine.These two new men will thus bring to the work of judging, their knowledge of the most recent scientifie developments in agriculture, Mr.Grenier, who knows men, has made a happy choice in making these nominations.Messrs.Fontaine and Toupin are as yet little known to the public simply because they are young.But their practical and scientifie knowedge and their sense of justice have been quiekly appreciated.These are, with different characters and talents, equally anxious to help agriculture.They have both passed with honors their examinations at Cornell University (Ithaca, N.Y.), from which institution they have obtained the degree of Master of Science in Agriculture.The w'nner of the go'd medal this year is Mr.Hyacinthe Mousscau, of Berth\u2018er, who obtained 910 points out of 1000.Mr, Mousseau is a model farmer and a very excellent man.He has made a small fortune from his farm, which means that he \u201cknows how\u201d.His past is filled with fruitful lessons for the ambitious.He has given good starts to two of his sons, who have taken work in good schools.One of them, Alfred Mousseau, competitor for the siver medal, secured 878 points out of 1000, and the other, Alphonse, in the bronze medal class secured 827 points out of 1000.Had there not been serious loss caused during the past year by sickness in his dairy herd, Mr.Hyacinthe Mousseau would have distanced by several additional points Mr.A.Denis, who followed him closely with 908 points out of 1000.Go As in 1922, the government awarded the winners of the medals other material compensation as well.That is truc, but it is always only on the urgings of the Honorable Mr.Caron that, since 1922, these prizes of $200 for the winner of the gold medal, $160 for the second, and $100 for the third, have been given.However, these prizes are very encouraging.And no money is better merited.Instead of these prizes, the winners often choose other things in their place.Thus Mr.Mousseau chose two Canadian cows, and Mr.Denis two pure br.d sheep.0 °, 0, 00 0 ot Amongst those who addressed the gatherings at the celebrat\u2019on were : Sir Charles Fitzpatrick, Lieutenant-Governor, the Honorable A.Tasche- reau and J.E.Caron, and Messrs.J.A.Grenier, Results of the 1923 Competition of Agricultural Merit COMPETITORS FOR THE GOLD MEDAL POINTS Hyacinthe Mousseau, Berthier, Berthier.910.7 Armand Denis, St, Cuthbert, Berthier.908.9 Cyprien Allard, St.Alexis, Montcalm.Ce 888.0 Paphnus Bonin, Ste.Elisabeth, Joliette.879.1 Lucien Milot, Yamachiche, St.Maurice.872.7 J.-Evariste Pellerin, St.Boniface, St.Maurice.871.6 Damien Lachapelle, St.Esprit, Montcalm.867.8 Michel Trudel, St.Stanislas, Champlain.861.8 Mme Wm.Desureault, Herouxville, Champlain.853.0 COMPETITORS FOR THE SILVER MEDAL Henri Majeau, St.Charles Barromée, Joliette.943.5 Azellus Lavallee, Berthier, Berthier.938.7 Damase Lafortune, 1.\u2019Assomption, L\u2019Assomption.924.0 Joseph Lessard, St.Leon, Maskinonge.902.3 Joseph Marion, St.Jacques, Montcalm.902.0 Henri B.Perron, La Sarre, Abitibi.887.8 Desire Hetu, Ste.Melanie, Joliette.883.1 Philippe Bérard, St.Thomas, Joliefte.879.6 Neree Bellemare, Yamachiche, St.Maurice.879.5 Alfred Mousseau, Berthier, Berthier.- .BTB.4 Omer Milot, Yamachiche, St.Maurice.876.3 Arsene Farley, Ile du Pas, Berthier.872.4 Hormisdas Garceau, St, Barnabe, St.Maurice.871.1 Joseph Dubois.St, Edouard, Maskinonge.868.6 Adolphe Allard, St.Alexis, Montealm.865.5 Adolphe Pronovost, Lac à la Tortue, Champlain.865.1 Hormisdas Paquin, St.Leon, Maskinonge.864.2 Joseph Bergeron, Ville-Marie, Temiscamingue.862.7 Joseph Marois, Gracefield, Hull.862.3 Wilfrid Whissell, St.Andre Avellin, Papincau.861.2 Eugene Lambert, Yamachiche, St.Maurice.858.9 Ferdinand Huneault, Montebello, Papineau.857.6 Leo Poulette, Ste, Elisabeth, Jolieite.857.5 Wilfrid Belair, St.Paul d\u2019Industrie, Joliette.857.4 Adrien Coutu, Ste.Elizabeth.Joliette.854.9 Japhet Perreult, Kildare, Joliette.854.8 P.Victor Sylvestre, Ile du Pas, Berthier.854.1 Alphonse Coutu, Ste.Elizabeth, Joliette.853.7 Joseph Laferriere, St.Felix de Valois, Joliette.853.6 Joseph Béland.Ste.Thecle, Champlain.851.9 Harry Lambert, Ste.Ursule, Maskinonge.851.2 Aimé Dugas, St.Jacques, Montealm.851.1 J.-Dollard Trudel, Amos, Abitibi.851.1 Henri Arnault.St.Thomas, Joliette.850.9 Elie Roberge, St.Adelphe, Champlain.850.8 Mme Vve Jos.Lamy, Yamachiche, St, Maurice.850.4 Napoleon Allard, St.Alexis, Montcalm.850.3 COMPETITORS FOR THE BRONZE MEDAL David Caouette, Amos, Abitibi.846.2 Henri Gervais, St, Narcisse, Champlain.843.6 Edmond Trahan, Yamachiche, St, Maurice.\u2026.839.3 Ephrem Lamy, St.Severe, St.Maurice.834.0 Remi Hénault, Ste, Elisabeth.Joliette.833.0 Donat Clermont, Berthier, Berthier.832.9 Alphonse Mousseau, Berthier, Borthier.827.6 Wilfrid Dery, St.Stanislas, Champlain.825.6 Ovide Deschéne, St.Leon, Maskinongé.825.4 Adhemar Racicot, Montebello, Papineau.824.4 Napoleon Boisclair, Macamic, Abitibi.821.6 Conrad Tesssier, Ste.Anne de la Perade, Champlain.821.1 Emile Beaudoin, Lac a la Tortue, Champlain.818.1 Joseph Guilbault, St.Henri de Mascouche, L\u2019Assomption 813.8 Arthur Villemure, Yamachiche, St, Maurice.812.7 Amedee Chaine, St.Boniface, St.Maurice.806.1 Pierre Tellier, Ste.Elisabeth, Joliette.804.6 Maxime Gélinas, St.Barnabhe, St.Maurice.804.3 Léonce Rainville, Ste.Elisabeth, Joliette.800.6 Alphée Richard, La Reine, Abitibi.800.1 Origene Bourassa, St.Barnabe, St.Maurice.798.2 Edouard Joly, St.Felix de Valois, Joliette.797.8 Joseph Rivest, St.Liguori, Montcalm.794.0 Camille Ducharme, Ste.Elisabeth, Joliette.792.7 M.H.MOUSSEAU P.Casgrain, M.P., G.Langelier, and A, Denis.The banquet, presided over by Mr.Grenier, brought together 450 people.A popular singer, Mr.Marchand, enlivened the proceedings.+, °, ° oe ee op Extract from the speech of Mr.Grenier: \u2014 \u201cThe Merite Agricole has now reached, might one say, the rank of an order of distinct investiga- tional value, the development of which throughout the country is inspired by the worthy desire to reward in a material way those who have already distinguished themselves by their accomplishments.\u201cOur exhibition, which has made the Agricultural Merit Celebrations the main feature on its annual programme, has grown, in a great measure, as a result of the advertising that it has received through this fine institution.It has taken on an agrarian character, which has been accentuated more and more each year, until it has become the annual meeting place of the farmers of the whole province\u201d.Extract from the speech of the Hon.Mr.Caron: \u201cWe must not forget one important factor in the success of the prize winner.This factor of importance is the prize winner's wife.We do not sufficiently realize the value of the work of our women in the country.They are responsible for half of the success achieved by their husbands, for they have done half of the work.They have then a right to half of the reward, to half of the honors that are paid to their husbands or their brothers.\u201d 7 9 J + = %° An idea: After the prize winners have heard sufficient official oratory, that is to say, after the usual speeches have been given, why not have one of the board of judges, or perhaps the secretary make a few practical remarks on the contest, and sum up the situation for the benefit of the contestants?I do not know whether I will be understood, but here is an example.At the time of the holding of the Provincial Seed Fair, held annually at Quebec, all the exhibitors and vistors are gathered together in the hall.The function is usually opened with timely addresses from political personages, All this is good, but it is not all.After these speeches, two technical men, one Federal and one Provincial, enter into the immediate question of seed grain, make observations on the exhibits, setting forth the good points, warning against defects, giving practical suggestions, and in brief reviewing the work of the competition.It would seem that the same thing might be done at the places of the prize winners of Agricultural Merit.The judges must collect during the course of their five or six weeks of travel, many valuable observations.Having estimated the worth of this and that, they should be well qualified to suggest best methods, etc.After having listened for two hours to compliments, the prize winners would certainly give twenty minutes attention to those who had done the work of judging.2 ° oo QQ We note, with much pleasure that the diploma of Very Special Merit of the Order of Agricultural Merit, goes this year to Mr.Gustave Langelier, manager of the Federal Experimental Station at Cap Rouge.This title is well merited since Mr.Langelier is one of agriculture\u2019s best workers.9, % Oe % = %° Mr.Caron warned his listeners against bad investments.He recommended them to patronize the well established bank and suggested to the farmers that they might employ their spare cash in sending their sons to agricultural colleges.0, 9 %° + > °° The agricultural section at the Quebec exhibition has become larger and larger since Mr.Grenier has been Vice-President of the Commision.Thus two things, agriculture and the exhibition, are profiting by the executive ability of the Deputy Minister.Without taking away anything from the credit of the other commissioners, one can say, as so many do, that it is Mr.Grenier who is mainly responsible.Stanislas Darche, in the Journal d'Agriculture.5 pe A \u2014 4 ~ THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE ANDHORTICULTURE 45 Alta Great Blackstone, the wonderfully breedy animal that now stands as the herd sire at the St.Sulpice Farm, Oka.Good Results From Demonstration Fields HE demonstration fields conducted under the supervision of the Department of Agriculture \u2014over two hundred in all\u2014have given surprisingly good results this year.This is especially true of the fields devoted to the growing of truck crops in the market garden section surrounding Montreal, where the vegetables from these fields were the first to appear on the city\u2019s market.The Demonstration Fields Policy, indeed, promises to be one of the most valuable of the Department\u2019s ventures.Covering in all a large number of different types of ecrops\u2014orchard work, small fruits, tobacco, vegetables and small fruits, together and separated, potatoes, ete., the work done in these demonstration fields is brought directly to the notice of the men engaged in these cultures, and so teaches the best methods of production in the most unforgetable form, Besides spreading throughout the neighborhoods in which they are located a knowledge of the best methods of production, the Demonstration Fields Policy is having an effect in increasing the number of farmers and gardeners who keep accounts.Special accounting forms are provided the owner of each demonstration field, and in these are entered all expenses and receipts in connection with the crops grown on these fields.Here also are included any notes that may be made by the inspector who visits these farms each fortnight.In the establishment, or the location, of these demonstration fields the policy followed is to centralize such fields in the best districts for the production of any given commodity.For instance the truck gardening fields are being established around one or two of our large cities.The potato improvement fields are all located below Quebec city in the best potato growing part of the province.The tobacco fields are located in the tobacco growing district surrounding Montreal, in the counties of Rouville, Berthier, St.Hyacinthe, Sorel, Montcalm, Terrebonne, etc.The aim is to locate these fields where they can best be run, to concentrate effort rather than dissipate such in sporadic attempts here and there throughout the province, and to make it possible for wholesalers to buy many carloads of one type of product in one district.The value of such work will be realized when one considers the statement made to us recently by Mr.J.H.Lavoie, Chief of the Horticultural Service, when he said that within five years we will be supplying all the vegetables for our own city markets\u2014outside of unseasonable crops.Notice To Sheep Breeders HE General Stock Breeders\u2019 Association has for sale three excellent Oxford, and one Hampshire, rams, which have been recently imported from Scotland.Further information can be obtained from the Secretary of the General Stock Breeders\u2019 Association, Department of Agriculture, Quebec.ADRIEN MORIN, Secretary.Shorthorn Club Organized in Compton Country HE first milking Shorthorn Club in \u2018Canada was organized in Compton County a few weeks ago, with headquarters at Sawyerville.This club has been started as a local to work in with the provincial organization, with as its special features the encouragement of R.O.P.work in Compton County, accredited herd work, and general breed improvement.The meeting was addressed by Prof.H.Barton, Secretary of the Quebec Dual Purpose Shorthorn Breeders Association, who emphasized the value of such local organizations in keeping the breeders in touch with each other and in making it possible for the provincial organization and for outside breeders to locate good stock.Mr.R.S.Hamer, of the Live Stock Branch, Ottawa, followed with a discussion of the value of R.O.P.work in building up the milking side of the breed.Over twenty members were enrolled at the first meeting and it is hoped that the club\u2019s membership will ultimately stand at forty or fifty.The following were elected to carry on the work of the club during its first year: President, F.Gobeil, La Patrie; Vive-President, Jas.McBurney, Sawyer- ville, Secretary, Alex.Matthews, Sawyerville, and directors, F.R.Cromwell, Cookshire, R.W.Gilbert, Brookbury, Jas.Sherman, Bury, J.B.Herbert, Ste, Edwidge, Ed.Hooper, Compton, Norman Mac- Donald, Milan, M.H.MacLeod, Gould.Much of the credit in connection with the organization of this club must be given to L.C.Roy the efficient agriculturist for Compton County.Notice To Stock Breeders Y OU are hereby notified that the General Stock Breeders\u2019 Association of the Province of Quebec shall not, as in former years, hold its annual] sale of pure-bred animals.The Association, nevertheless, wishes to help the breeders to dispose of their stock.To this end, the secretary will prepare a list of animals for sale and distribute same to the Farmers\u2019 Clubs, Agricultural Societies, to the Agronomists and to the breeders.Consequently, the breeders wishing to make use of this medium in disposing of their animals should advise the Secretary accordingly and give a full description, viz: breed, sex, age, and approximate value of each individual.In the case of dairy cattle the breeder should state whether or not they are out of R.O.P.parents.Agricultural Associations as well as farmers wishing to purchase pure-bred animals should communicate with the Secretary giving a complete description of animals wanted.Address all correspondance to the Secretary, General Stock Breeders\u2019 Association, Department of Agriculture, Quebec.ADRIEN MORIN, Secretary.Make Preparations For Lime Work N accordance with the Department\u2019s policy, an- 1 nounced some months ago, of encouraging the production of lime for agricultural purposes in the various districts of the province, work is now in progress in a couple of directions.In the first place the whole province is now being surveyed for lime deposits.Such deposits, if of agricultural value, are being charted with the hope that ultimately quarries may be opened up in many districts so that lime may be available to the farmers in each county at a minimum cost for freight.Included in this survey service is an inspection branch, so that any group of farmers, farmers\u2019 clubs, ete., desiring the inspecting of a quarry for the purpose of finding out the value of its lime contents for agriculture, may have this work done for them free of charge by the inspector sent out from the department, Over twenty-five quarries ha@ already been inspected at the time of our last visit to Quebec.The second thing that is being done in preparation for the pushing next spring of the work of opening up quarries, is the examination and comparison of the work, price, ete, of the various outfits available for the crushing of lime, so that the new plants may have the best chance for success.A competent engineer is now in the United States making such a study of lime crushing outfits for the Department.After he has made his report the work of opening up quarries will be proceeded with rapidly.Two outfits are already at work in the Lake St.John District, and were it not for the fact that approaching winter will hinder this work somewhat quarries would be opened in ten counties before the end of the year.Next spring, however, will see this work well under way.TRE CASA SAR air SACL ook SEA XN \u201c.In green pastures, beside the still waters.\u201d 46 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE The Benefits of Soil Liming The Second of a Series of Articles on Lime.By L.C.Raymond, Macdonald College.IME is usually considered as an indirect fertilizer.As the result of experience, thus far, it does not seem to have in itself any direct manurial value.Its indirect actions, however, are both numerous and complex affecting as they do the physical, chemical and bacteriological aspects of soil fertility.Owing to these functions that lime fulfills it is of the greatest value in rendering more profitable the direct fertilizers which are applied, as well as in enabling the plant to utilize the plant food elements locked up in a soil.The Physical Effects of Liming.The application of lime has a decided effect on the soil structure, This is particularly true of a clay soil where the particles are very fine and tend to stick closely together.In some instances these soils are so closely bound together that effective drainage is impossible as they are very nearly impervious to water.The effect of lime on such soils is to bind the particles together into aggregates.These particles are loosely bound together by the calcium carbonate \u2014 the lime carrier.Such a soil is rendered more suitable for plant growth in that it admits the moisture that falls in rain to filter through the soil rather than run off over the surface carrying with it the fine surface particles.It also admits air into the soil which is essential for the plants as well.Liming has the further effect of rendering such soils less liable to cake in times of drought.\u2019 Sandy soils are frequently benefited by liming.The action here is similar to that described for clay soils and results in some of the particles being bound together making them somewhat more compact.Lime, however should be used in smaller quantities on sandy soils.It is advisable to use lime in the form of ground limestone or clay mari for this purpose.The later is specially desirable as the clay does a great deal to improve the physical condition aside altogether from the lime.The improved tilth, resulting from the change in the soil structure, has a beneficial effect on the two other soil factors, viz., the chemical and the bacteriological.The Chemical Effects of Liming.Probably the most important chemical effect of liming is the correction of \u2018acidity in the soil.In practically all soils plant residues are being turned under and not infrequently crops may be specially grown to be plowed down in the form of green manures.The decay of this material and even of barnyard manure, in soils deficient in carbonate of lime, tends to aggrevate the condition and make them more sour or acid.While the correction of acidity is a most important function, lime has the further chemicai effect of unlocking plant food material which is not otherwise available to the plants.This is particularly true of the compounds containing phosphorus and potassium.By reacting with the insoluble compounds lime is thus able to make available soluble potassium carbonate and an assimilable form of calcium phosphate.Thus while not having any direct action it nevertheless performs functions of great value to plant growth.Bacterial Effects of Liming.Soil bacteria play a very important role in the soil in transforming insoluble compounds into forms that are soluble and possible of assimilation by plants.The bacteria of most importance are those which have to do with the nitrogen supply.One group of these bacteria work on the animal and plant remains to be found in the soil in the form of manure and plant residues, (roots, etc,).The nitrogenous part of these is broken down first into ammonia from which it is rapidly changed to a nitrate.This is the work of bacteria and it has been clearly shown that lime is essential for both processes and that without it the second change cannot take place resulting in a loss of this important constituent from the soil.The action of carbon dioxide in the soil water has already been mentioned.Increased bacterial activity due to liming results in greater amounts of this being produced.The carbonic acid thus produced acts on the insoluble soil compounds and makes available potassium and phosphorus for the plants\u2019 use, Other groups of bacteria are able to fix the free nitrogen of the air and make it available in the soil.These groups are only able to live in an alkaline soil and hence their good effect is wholly lost where the soil is in an acid or sour condition.Another group of bacteria, which are also able to gather free nitrogen from the air, are those which live in the nodules of legumes.Living in symbiotic relations with the plant they supply large quantities of the valuable nitrates to the plants.This group also requires an alkaline medium in which to function.Without it they are either entirely absent or else exist in a very weakened state.It is therefore apparent that lime plays a very important part in the bacterial life of a soil being so intimately connected with the supply of nitrogen the most expensive of all the plant food elements.Drainage Essential for Best Results.The fact that poorly drained soils are the ones most likely to be acid has already been alluded to.WHITH The lesson that attaches to this is an important ore .The beneficial action of lime whether it be physical, chemical or bacteriological is seriously curtailed if not wholly interrupted in a soil that lacks drainage.Drainage should therefore precede liming in any soil that is suffering from the lack of it.Injurious Effects from Liming.Among English farmers there arose a saying that \u201clime made the father rich and the son poor.\u201d This statement arose as the result of unwise and excessive use of lime.Lime has the effect of hastening the decomposition of organic matter and rendering available the other plant foods in the soil.It is therefore of .the utmost importance that the \u2018supply of the regular fertilizers should be maintained, otherwise the soil will revert to a poorer condition than it was in before.Th's is particularly true of a light soil which has a relatively small amount of organic matter in its makeup.Lime wisely applied will very seldom produce bad results but will in the vast majority of cases prove distinctly beneficial to the soil and the crops.GRUBS A Timely Note on a Prevalent Pest By Prof.W.Lochhead The wireworm which is some\u2018'imes mistaken for the white grub, (a) the beetle, click beetle, (b) the wircworm.HE prevalence of white grubs in some districts has resulted in much damage to old meadows and pastures, The question is often asked: \u2014 What can be done ?To understand the reasons underlying any method of control, we must first learn the habits of white grubs.The eggs are laid in early summer in grass, oat land, and weedy land, preferably on the higher spots near woodlands, The young grubs on hatching from the eggs feed on the roots of the grasses and oats.When winter comes they are less than one- fourth full-size and they burrow down deep into the ground.In the following spring they come near the surface and feed for the whole season.By the fall of the second year they are nearly two-thirds full-size, and again they burrow down deep for the winter.In the following spring they continue feeding on the roots, and by July they are full grown and change to inactive pupae in earthen cells in the ground.About three weeks later they change to adult beetles (June beetles), but remain in their cells all winter until the following spring when they emerge to mate and lay their eggs for another generation.It will be observed that the white grubs are small at the end of the first season, quite large at the end of the second season, and full grown by July of the third season.Most damage will, consequently, ba done in the second and third years.It has ben observed, moreover, that clover, alfalfa and buckwheat are not injured, and that small grains are not injured as much as corn, timothy, potatoes and strawberries.Moreover, it is known that the pupae and mature beetles while in their earthen cells in the ground are easily injured by plowing or disking the infested and.Methods of control are based on the above facts.Infested land should be plowed early and again later in the fall, previous to October 1st.Such a procedure will kill both the pupae and mature beetles and many of the young grubs.Hogs and poultry are fond of white grubs and they should, if possible, be allowed access to infested land.Portions of the area might be enclosed temporarily for such a purpose, and the enclosures changed at intervals so that the whole field may be treated.Certain rotations of crops are important in avoiding injury from white grubs.A rotation of oats or barley, clover and corn has proved very satisfactory in some sections, It should be borne in mind always that white grubs are likely to be severe in old meadows and pastures since the ground is left undisturbed and the grubs can feed on their favorite food supply and reach maturity without hindrance.Short rotations with clover are advisable.Fall ploughing, top worked by means of the disc harrow, drag harrow and roller before sowing, furnishes ideal seed-bed conditions for grain.Stages in the life-history of the white grub.(a) the mature beetle, the June beetle, (b) the inactive pupa in the ground, (d) a young white grub, (e) a nearly mature or fullgrown white grub. TURE AND HORTICULTURETURE AND HORTICULTURE 47 Fall Planting About the Farm Home With Lists of Perennials and Bulbs that Might be Used.By M.H.Howitt, Horticultural Dept., Macdonald College.S this article goes to press the planting season for perennials is in full swing, but will continue well on into the middle of October.It will be rather late for ordering from the nursery, but for those who have perennials available or on order a few remarks on planting and arrangement may prove of assistance.THE PERENNIAL BORDER A well stocked perennial border is one of the most interesting and colorful plantings of the garden.With a large assortment to choose from for color and season of blooming, we can have a bright display practically the season through.Thé border should be kept to the sides and back of the lawn.A background is preferable, either of trees and shrubs, a wall or fence on which climbing vines may be grown, or of taller growing perennials.The width of the border may vary from five to eight or ten feet and extend to any size, limited only by extent of the property and owner\u2019s ability to look after it.The front edge should be irregular and wavy for most situations, although in small areas or grounds laid out rather formally straight lines may be used.When a border is laid alongside a road it may follow the lines of the road whether straight or curved.Arrangement.\u2014We have low, medium and tall plants to work with, all varying within this classification.Border with a background\u2014the tallest perennials will be planted at the back, the low growing ones in front and the medium planted all through the middle ground.These medium growing plants should also run well towards the front and the taller ones planted well towards the back, i.e.the planting should be arranged to give variety in height and a strict avoidance of a banked effect.No background\u2014the taller perennials are placed down the centre with a varying slope to sides.Consideration should be given to the fact that certain perennials die down early in the season and arrangement should allow for these to be hidden by later varieties.Good sized clumps are usually preferable, say at least 3 ft.by 2 ft., depending upon the size of the area, though a number of scattered single specimens give variety.Distribute each variety the length of the border with the idea of having bloom everywhere the whole season through.Many color combinations may be indulged in and the skill of the owner exercised to the fullest extent.Ordinarily little trouble will be experienced and if colors clash they can be rearranged another year.Preparation of ground.\u2014Prepare deeply and thoroughly by digging in plenty of well rotted manure or compost, to make ground as rich as possible.Stock the border by procuring divisions of the roots.First dig up the clump and then divide by pulling it apart with the hands or the use of a knife, depending on the compactness of the root system.A good sized group of Tulips Some perennials separate much more readily than others.Do not be afraid to separate into quite small pieces, as these will grow rapidly and will prove better in the end.Discard any very old pieces and use the young growth.Distances apart.\u2014Distances are not so important as they are with trees and shrubs, as perennials can very readily be thinned or shifted about.For the smaller growing low perennials 6 inches is sufficient, for the medium growing 12 to 15 inches, while the taller ones should be given 2 to 2% ft.The spread and habit of the plant must be taken into consideration, as well as the height, as for instance the peony though of medium height has a wide spread and should be given at least 3 feet for full development.(Note\u2014A fairly comprehensive list of perennials suitable for planting in this province, will be found at the end of this article.) BULBS There is still time to order your bulbs from the local seedsman, although those that are wise will have ordered much earlier.A table of distances apart and depths at which to plant accompanies this article.Plant the bulbs in bold groups, one variety to a group, in the border, where they will look very well mixed with the young green foliage of the perennials.Narcissus poeticus, Daffodils and Crocus especially look well among shrubbery.Where the foliage is not too dense in spring, such as dogwood, the bulbs may very well be planted well in underneath the shrubs.Formals beds of bulbs are out of place about the farm home.Straight rows of bulbs are, however, permissible in a bed near the verandah or foundation which will afterwards be planted with annuals.A perennial border in spring Many bulbs, especially the narcissi, daffodils, grape hyacinths and crocus, are splendid naturalized.Why not try naturalizing a quantity in some out of the way corner where the grass will not show badly if not cut until late in the spring, as the bulbs have to ripen before the tops can be cut.They will remain in such a semi-wild state for many years, but will require renewing when they show signs of deterioration.The most effective use of naturalized bulbs is by a pond or small stream where their reflection may be seen in the water.Scatter the bulbs in as natural clumps as possible.They may be dibbled in or a sod removed, the bulbs planted and the sod replaced.VARIETIES OF BULBS A list of some of the good medium priced sorts of bulbs would include the following : TULIPS\u2014Farly or Cottage: White\u2014Pottebak- ker; Pink and White\u2014Cottage Maid: Rose and White\u2014Rose Luisante: Rose\u2014Prosperine; Scarlet \u2014Vermilion Brillant, Belle Alliance; Yellow and Red \u2014 Kaiserkroon: Yellow \u2014 Yellow Prince.Darwin: Salmon Pink\u2014Clara Butt; Carmine Pink \u2014 Pride of Haarlem; Carmine \u2014 Baronne de Tounaye; Soft Rose \u2014 Psyche.Single Late Flowering: Pure White \u2014 Elegans alba: Scarlet \u2014 Caledonia; Yellow\u2014Gesueriana lutea.NARCISSI \u2014 Emperor, Empress, Vori Sion, Orange and Sulphur Phoenix Golden Spur, Poeticus (Pheasant\u2019s Eye), Poeticus ornatus, Barri conspi- cuus.PLANTING TABLE FOR BULBS Depth-Bottom of bulb.Inches apart Scilla Grape Hyacinth 215 inches 2\" Crocus 4 \u201c 3 to 4 Tulips 5 \u201c6 4 to 6 Hyacinths 6 \u201c6 6 Narcissi 8 \u201c 6 to 8 General Rule\u2014Depth three times the average diameter of the bulbs.WINTER PROTECTION IN GENERAL Middle to late October is the time of final cleaning up of the garden, protection of roses, lifting of gladiolus, etc., and the mulching of fall planted and other trees, shrubs, and perennials.Care taken now to see that everything is well protected in our northern climate will prevent much loss of plant material and consequent disappointment.Cleaning up the lawn and flower borders.\u2014The grass should be given a final cutting so that it will not go into the winter too long, which causes it to mat and makes cutting in the spring very difficult.Fallen leaves should be raked up and stored in a convenient place where they can be used for mulching, or composted.On no account should they be burned.When the ground has frozen so that a ear, will not make tracks a good covering of well rotted manure applied in alternate years will greatly help the lawn.It will serve the double purpose of protecting the turf, especially if newly seeded, and of fertilizing, The fertilizing elements will wash in and in the spring the coarser remaining part should be swept off.All flower stalks in the border should be cut off to within a few inches of the ground and burned.Late starting perennials, such as eremurus, an- chusa, ete., should be plainly staked so that in the spring digging operations they will not be dug up or injured.Mulching material should be put in some convenient place so that it may be applied after the ground freezes sufficiently.A mulch should not be put on too early.There are two chief dangers in respect to this: First during a warm spell of unseasonable weather the plants may be smothered; and second mice are liable to start working under the cover if it is put on before the soil surface freezes.It is therefore wise to have everything ready in October, though it may happen that the protection need not go on until considerably later.Cannas, Dahlias and Gladioli should be lifted and stored.Any convenient place, cool, dry and away from frost, will do for gladioli.They should be taken up carefully, the tops cut off to within four inches of the corm, and then dried.When the tops are thoroughly dried so that they nearly separate from the corm they may be cut off and the corms stored.Canna tops should be cut off fairly close to the roots and the latter stored in sand under the green- Continued on page VIII 48 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Diseases of the Bean What Can be Done Now to Ensure a Clean Crop of Beans Next Season .By J.G.Coulson, M.A., Dept.of Botany, Macdonald College.VERY farmer or gardener has a large or small patch of beans.This plant is subject to several diseases some of which are very striking and frequently very destructive with us.If the patch is large the financial loss due to these diseases may be great, but no matter how small the bean patch may be the partial or total loss of a promising crop is at least a disappointment to the one who has taken the trouble to plant them.With this in view we will consider the more important diseases of this plant, with the methods cf controlling them.Bean Blight We are considering this disease first, as observations have shown that it is the most troublesome one this year.It attacks stems, leaves and pods of garden and field beans.At first the diseased areas of the leaves are yellow and appear water soaked.These soon become large, irregular, yellow-bordered, thin, papery, brittle, brown spots which may involve alii of the leaves.If the infection is severe the plant may lose all its leaves and fail to produce developed seed.On the pods very small specks to large spote are produced.The spots are irregular and often show a distinct red margin.Where a diseased area occurs on a pod directly over a seed it is likely to penetrate the pod and enter the seed, often producing a discoloration.The disease is caused by very minute organisms known as bacteria.They are exceedingly small and are able to pass into the plant through very small openings which occur on the surfaces cf leaves, stem and pods and which are the breathing pores of the plant.Any injury to the plant also offers a very favourable place for infection to occur.As the bacteria live and grow irside the plant tissues the typical spots or diseased arcas mentioned above are produced.The bacteria are spread from one plant to another by wind or other means, and under favourable conditions this may be very rapid.Some of the bacteria live over the winter in diseased seed.This seed, if planted, is almost cortain to give rise to infected plants the next year.Bean Anthracnose Anthracnose is most troublesome in wet seasons.It is not so prevalent this year, due no doubt to the dry season.If attacks any part of the plant above ground and is often noticed on the stem and leaves of a very young plant.Dark reddish-brown spots are produced on stems and leaves, particulary on the larger veins on the lower surfaces of the leaves, although it may become serious enough to involve large areas of the leaf.It is most conspicuous on the pods, where it forms dark sunken spots which are more regular than those of the bacterial blight.Infected pods are very likely to give rise to d\u2018seased beans as the fungus which causes the diseased condition works its way through the pod and into the seeds beneath.White beans are often discolored by this and thus show when they are infected but this discoloration is not apparent on colored beans.These infected beans are the means of carrying the disease over from one year to another, for such seed produces diseased plants.This disease, as intimated above, is caused by a fungus.Often in the centre of the older spots can be seen a pinkish shade.This is due to the production in very large numbers of the very minute spores of the fungus.These spores, which are the means of spreading the fungus, like the seeds of the higher plants, are glued together by a sticky substance which dissolves away very rapidly in a drop of water, This explains how the infection spreads very fast in moist weather.Bean Mosaic The bean like many other plants is affected with the disease known as mosaic, the true cause of which is unknown.Where no control measures are practised it is often very destructive, producing stunted, low-yielding plants.The leaves of affected plants are mottled with dark and light green areas and are more or less crinkled and curled.The leaves are places where the plant makes its food so that this results in lowered food formation, poor vitality of the plant and low yields of seed.Plants are not killed by this disease but they are greatly dwarfed.While the cause is not known it can be easily demonstrated that the juice of an infected plant carries the disease.If the juice from such a plant is injected into a healthy one it will become diseased and show symptoms of mosaic in its newer parts in eight to ten days.So the disease is spread by any means which will carry some of the juice from a diseased to a healthy plant This may be done by insects, or by cultivating machinery .Since all parts of infected plants, whether they show symptoms of the disease or not, carry the disease the seed from such a plant are affected and will give rise to infected plants when used for sowing.Other Diseases Brief mention will now be made of a few more diseases which are not so frequently found and not likely to be very destructive with us.Bean rust is quite common but usually appears late in the season and so does little damage.Typical small rusty-red, powdery spots are formed usually on the under surface of the leaf.Beans may also show mildew or even a serious rotting of the stem, but loss due to these is so small that we will merely mention them.Control Measures.In practising control measures for diseases of the bean the grower will need to consider usually only the three most important ones, bean blight, bean anthracnose and mosaic of the bean.Ail of these diseases are carried in the seed and so passed on from one generation to the next, from year to year, as diseased seed is used for planting.The seed may carry one or more of these d'seases.This at once suggests a common method of control for all three-namely to plant seed which is known to be free from disease.To be certain of this it means that the seed must be carefully selected.selected of a desirable variety from a field which did not show disease during the summer or fall.If this cannot be done then select healthy pods from healthy plants, which is almost certain to give clean seed.Selecting from the threshed beans alone is not satisfactory, as many beans may be infected and not show any discoloration.If blight or anthracnose appears in the patch the beans should not be cultivated when they are wet as this only serves to sprcad these diseases.Strict sanitary measures should also be adopted.Do not thresh beans to be used for seed on the same floor as diseased pods were threshed on, or allow the seed to become contaminated by coming in contact with anything which may be carrying live spores of anthracnose or blight.Tools used in working in a diseased plot should be disinfected by a formalin or corrosive sublimate solution before being used in a plot which is not infected.Burn all refuse from a diseased crop, or at least do not allow it to accumulate in a field which is to be used for growing beans.Practise Crop Rotation Spraying will control anthracnose but it is doubtful whether it is a financial success to adopt it as a practice.Now is the time to begin these control measures.Examine your bean crop from time to time until harvested to see if it is diseased and whether it would be avisable to use your seed for sowing as it is, to practise seed selection, or get seed from some one whose seed you are reasonably certain is clean.If possible burn all diseased refuse this fall.Marketing Xpples By Prof.T.G.Bunting, Horticultural Dept., Macdonald College.HE Quebec apple crop is considerably lighter than that of last year, with the exception of some orchards in a few districts, where the crop is heavy.The hail storm in the latter part of June practically destroyed the crop in the Ste.Hilaire district and seriously affected it at Rouge- mont.In other sections the effects were less severe and the apples have been only slightly affected with surface scars that have healed over perfectly.Where the skin has been broken or the fruit is badly marked it will not be poss/ble to market it as No.1 or No.2; it will have to go as Domestic or No.3, and some orchards will pack out a large proportion of lower grades.The practice of selling to pedlars or in bulk in carloads is quite a common one in many places, and has the advantage that the fruit is sold for cash at the farm or at the car and there is no expense for package or packing.This trade will often take tree run or even the lower grades.The practice at first sight seems a good one, and it is an easy way to dispose of the crop, but it usually does not encourage the production of large crops of high grade fruit, and the grower loses out in the end.The statistical figures available place the average yearly yields from bearing orchards in Quebec at only one and one-third bushels per tree.This yield could easily be trebled.There are abundant yields from bearing orchards of one barrel per tree.The Waddell Fameuse orchard at Hemmingford, Que., has given an average of over three barrels per tree for the past nine years.ALMOST A LOST ART\u2014flax scutching on one of the old homesteads of the province.(Photo by L.Ph, Roy).If possible seed should be | > re - - vagy poy THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 49 Well graded and carefully packed apples of good variety and quality are usually profitable, even in a season like 1922.It has been said of one large exporter of apples last year that he made one dollar net on No.1\u2019s, broke even on No.2, and Domestic, and lost on his No.3\u2019s what he had made on his No.1's.These No.3.did not make for him any money and should never have been shipped, and further, they would have considerable effect in keeping down the price of the better grades, Very few apples are packed in boxes in Quebec, and those that are usually are forwarded to private customers in one or a few box lots.McIntosh and Fameuse shipped in this way usually command from $3.50 to $4.per box, which is equal to $11 to $13 per barrel.If the same apples were packed in barrels the price would not range above $7 to $9.50 for the same grade of fruit.Many growers feel that box packing is too difficult and beyond their ability, whereas it is not much more difficult, and only slightly more costly.A good box packer will wrap and pack from forty to sixty boxes per day, and the box will carry better and the fruit keep or stand up longer than similar fruit put up in barrels.At present costs a fair comparison between box and barrel packing, allowing three boxes to a barrel, would be someth\u2018ng as follows.\u2014 Box Barrel Packages.$0.20\u2014$0.25 $0.80\u2014%$0.90 Paper.06\u2014 10 .00\u2014 .00 Grading.05\u2014 10 .10\u2014 15 Packing.10\u2014 15 15\u2014 20 41\u2014 .60 $1.05\u2014$1.25 3 boxes.$1.23\u20144$1.80 Forty to fifty cents would be a fair cost per box where a quantity of apples are packed in this way each year.The new Harbor Commission Cold Storage is available to any grower for small or large quantities of produce at very reasonable rates.It is possible to ship fruit to this storage and hold it under ideal conditions, and market at one\u2019s pleasure.However, as the crop of good fruit is light in Quebec this year it will probably be good business to market early and before the great rush of western McIntosh and other varieties come on our markets.B.C.alone will have a surplus of abont 3,000 carloads of apples, and they are looking to markets in the eastern \u2018Canadian cities to absorb a big part of their surplus.: Canada Represented at Imperial Fruit Show HE Fruit Commissioner of the Dominion Department of Agriculture at Ottawa announces that arrangements have been completed for making an exhibit at the Imperial Fruit Show to be held in Manchester, England on October 26th to November 3rd.Besides an attractive booth, which will contain representations of the fruit growing industry as carried on in different parts of Canada, the Branch will display exhibits of the export varieties of Canadian apples.Fruit inspectors attached to the Branch are now visiting orchards in the commercial fruit growing sections of the Dominion with a view to locating display specimens.It is also announced that Canada will be represented on the Board of judges, which will consist of three men, one each from Great Britain and Canada, and a neutral judge.The organization of the Show is reported to be going steadily forward and everything points to the 1923 exhibition being quite the most impressive and successful ever held.Firms connected with every branch of fruit growing and distribution in England and Canada have taken space to exhibit their products.Since the publication of the Competition Schedules, the following additional prizes have been offered for competition in the Overseas Section which is of particular interest to Canadian fruit growers: Messrs.J.& H.Goodwin, Ltd., 3 Silver Challenge Cups, value 15 guineas each.Messrs.Simons & Co., Glasgow, Cash prize of £25.Messrs.Glover Hill & Co., Cash prize of £10.The Daily Mail Gold Cup, value £50 to be won outright for the best exhibit in the Overseas Section.The total value of the prizes in all sections has now reached £2,000, Schedules of Classes and Entry blanks or any further information in regard to the Imperial Fruit Show may be had upon application to the Fruit Commissioner, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.Seed Potatoes By Prof T.G.Bunting OTATOES are turning out well at this writing, and excepting where they have suffered from drouth the yield will be above an average one.The U.S.crop is reported about equal to the five year period, and prices both in Canada and the United States are ruling higher than a year ago.The harvest season is a good time to note the condition of the crop and to make inquiry as to the reasons for a bountiful or low yield.Drouth, poor soil, lack of cultivation, insects and disease, are some of the commonest causes of low yields, but the biggest factor is the question of seed, and this is a matter that is largely under the control of the grower.The fall is the proper time to make the final selection of the seed if the grower has a crop that is suitable for the purpose.The important factors that determine the advisability of saving seed from any crop of potatoes are,\u2014true- ness to variety and type, freedom from disease, especially mosiace, leaf curl, blight, blackleg, ete, and yield, which should be above the average.The yield is an indication of the conditions under which the crop has been grown.The best part of the field should be taken for seed purposes, and from this stock that is set aside at harvest for next year\u2019s crop a more careful selection of tubers can be made just before the time of planting.If a potato grower does not expect to save his own seed he is forehanded if he makes inquiry now as to where good seed or certified seed can be secured.Certified seed is a good investment, as one can depend upon getting certified stock from a healthy vigorous crop that has been well cared for and sprayed.Many of the large potato associations buy up, at this season of the year, crops of certified seed potatoes after making careful inquiry and inspection of the growing crop.Canada\u2019s average yield of potatoes is much above that of the United States, but well below that of most northern European countries.Quebec\u2019s yield is below that of the Maritime Provinces and British Columbia, but averages higher than the yields of the other provinces.This yield of approximately 140 bushels per acre could be increased by from twenty-five to fifty percent by the use of better seed.Agriculture in the School To Rural Schoo! Teachers Prizes offered by Department for nature study collections N order to encourage amongst rural school teachers who are teaching agriculture the making of collections of insects and botanical specimens, the Horticultural Service of the Department of Agriculture is offering each year substantial cash prizes for competition in such classes, A contest is now open to all such teachers who wish to make collections either of insects or of plants, contest to close September 1st 1924, when these collections must be sent in to the Horticultural Service for judging, etc.Those who desire to enter this contest should get in touch with Mr.J.H.Lavoie, Chief of the Service, who will supply, free of charge, inseci boxes for mounting, with pins, poison bottles and directions for the collecting of insects, or for those who wish to collect plants, blotters and mounting paper.All that is necessary is that the collector label each specimen with the name of the place and the date at which it was collected.When the collections are received at Quebec they will be classified and mounted again in special boxes or books, and properly named.Prizes will be allotted and the collecticns returned to the teachers at the expense of the Department \u2014 the object being to encourage the creation of nature study material.Such collections will then be the property of the teacher.Eight prizes are offered in each class, running as follows: $18, $16, $14, $12, $10, $8, $6, and $4.All rural teachers teaching agriculture are invited to participate.A letter to Mr.J.H.Lavoie, Chief of the Horticulture Ser- vise, Parliament Buildings, Quebec, will bring full directions.A New Department for Rural School Teachers PROGRAMME OW that the school term is once more under way, we have the pleasant task before us of offering an expression of our sincere gratitude to all the heads of our rural primary schools who have joined forces with us in the work in which we are engaged.The leading part which 1773 members of the teaching profession have taken in the agricultural movement manifests the constantly increasing importance which they attach to the agricultural education of our rural children.The magnitude of the collective effort which they have put forth during the present year, endeavouring to develop the love of the land and a liking for work in the fields among more than 85,000 garden and farm scholars, demonstrates on the other hand all the benefits that may be expected from the extension of their social influence in favour of agriculture.To our thanks we should join our cordial welcome to this department, which will be devoted exclusively in the future to the use of the 316 English- speaking teachers who will receive a year\u2019s subscription to the Journal of Agriculture as a free gift, 10 reward them for services rendered, and to keep them in touch with what other teachers of agriculture may be doing.Welcome to each and everyone of you school masters and mistresses whose mission it is to encourage farm work of all kinds.In future, you will find here each month a few suggestions that may be useful to you in the upbuilding of the educational work of which you are the mainspring.Welcome to all who have fa\u2018th in emulation by example, and who are willing to make themselves useful to their fellow creatures by sharing with us ther initiative, their experience and their suggestions.To stimulate this exchange of views, and to encourage the recital of work done and of results obtained, we shall organize competitions each month for which prizes will be given, and we invite you all to take part in them.It is not our idea to desire to incite the teachers of our primary rural schools to depart from the normal outline of the'r activities.It would indeed be making a false start to try to teach agriculture in the primary school, which should rather devote itself exclusively to preparing the child for his im- telligent apprenticeship to the trade at which he is to earn his living and to give him a taste for his future profession.All we wish to do therefore is to assist the teachers of primary schools in the preparation for apprenticeship of the young rural scholars, nothing more.This is, however, the most urgent task to be accomplished from a social point of view, for if it is true \u201cthat the economic grandeur of a country depends upon its productive strength and that this strength itself is linked with the aptitude for work of each of its inhabitants\u201d, the most imperative duty at present incumbent upon our teaching staff is that of setting at work everything that may contribute to give to our rural youth the preparation and the knowledge best adapted to the actual needs of the country At a time when the extreme unsettled condition of the workers of the world has become general and when the rural exodus is at its height, it is more important than ever to take the necessary means to bring about the remedy of the whole trouble by making known to rural children all the wealth of which agriculture is the fruitful source and by preparing them seriously for the apprenticeship which will enable them to produce these riches themselves.This is the heavy but noble task which solicits the active co-operation and the zealous devotion of all the enlightened patriots who are in charge of the work of opening the eyes and the hearts of youth to the beauties and the love of the soul of their Canadian homeland.May this be the program of you all.J.-H.LAVOIE, Head of the Horticultural Service and Director of School Gardens. 50 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE OUR YOUNG FOLKS TO BECOME QUEENS The Spindle, The Shuttle and The Needle.A Story for Little Girls.NCE upon a time there was a little girl who lost her father and mother while quite young.She lived with her Godmother in a small house situated on the outskirts of the village.When she was fifteen years old, her Godmother, who had brought her up in an atmosphere of piety and had taught her to love work, fell sick and died after giving her her blessing, leaving her as her sole inheritance the spindle, the shuttle and the needle with which she had earned her living.Having rendered her last services to hor benefactress, the young orphan continued to live in her little house, spinn ng, weaving and sewing so skillfully that she made not only enough money to live on, but also enough to be able to give some to the poor.Now at this time the King\u2019s son, having decided to get married, travelled through all the villages looking for the one who was to be the richest and at the same time the poorest of the realm.After having met a great number of young girls who were quite flustered and excited on meeting him, the prince passed by the little house where the young orphan lived.Unlike the other young girls, this one did not occupy her door step but remained in her room near a window which the sun bathed with its rays.The prince caught sight of her sitting before her wheel busily spinning.Seeing him look at her, she blushed and continued to spin, dropping her eyes.When he had passed, she followed him with her eyes as long as she could see the white plumes of his hat; then she started spinning again, at the same time humming a refrain that her old Godmother often sang when working: Spindle, spindle, run, Bring me my fiancé.Upon this the spindle suddenly bounced out of her hands and darted through the window and across the fields unrolling a golden thread so long that it reached the prince.This latter, surprised to see the spindle dancing around him, turned his horse and started to follow the golden thread.Having no more spindles, the young girl took her shuttle and started to weave, at the same time singing: Shuttle, shuttle,run, Prepare the way for my fiancé.At that moment the shuttle leaped out of her hands throwing itsclf near the threshold of the door, where jumping to right and to left it cosi- menced to weave a beautiful carpet of extraordinary richness which soon stretched away out of sight in the same direction as the golden thread.Being now left without a shuttle, the young girl took her needle and started to sew while singing; Needle, faithful needle, Make the place clean for my fiancé.Immediately the needle darted quick as lightning about the house, which appeared to be full of in- Ildege Bolduc, son of Mr.Leopold Bolduc, farmer of St.Jacques de l\u2019Achigan.who has won the gold medal in the competition of Junior Agricultural Merit for 1923.He is one of the best scholars in the St.Jacques Academy.Essay-Writing Competitions for our Young Folks New Competition Each Month-\u2014 Money Prizes Offered \u2014 All Are Invited To Enter OR some months now the Horticultural Service of the Department of Agriculture has been trying out, through its School Gardens Branch, a series of monthly competitions in essay writing on agricultural subjects by rural school children.So far this work has been carried on in the French speaking districts only, but now that it has proved to be a popular and valuable stimulant, the Department has authorized us to establish such monthly competitions amongst the school children in the English speaking districts.Each month a subject will be announced upon which rural pupils of fifteen years and under will be invited to write essays or compositions.These will be mailed in to us before the fifteenth of the month for examination and judging.Four prizes will be awarded each month, of the value of $4 for first prize, $3 for second, $2 for third, $1 for fourth.The prize winning essays will then be published on our Young Folks Page.All of the work of composition should be done by the child only, and the essay should not exceed five hundred words.These will be judged for originality and the value of the ideas contained in them.The subject of the first composition \u2014 for essays to be mailed to THE EDITOR, JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE, MACDONALD COLLEGE, QUEBEC, before October 15th \u2014 is : \u201cWhat do you intend to do when you grow up ?Why ?\u201d The subject of the second composition \u2014 essays to be mailed before November 15th\u2014is : \u2018What branch of farm work do you prefer ?Why ?\u201d visible fairies, covering the floor with carpet, upholstering the furniture with velours, tinting the walls and dressing the windows with most artistic draperies.Scarcely had the needle put in her last stitch when the prince of the hat with the white plumes knocked at the door of the house to which the golden thread and the precious carpet had led hira.He was received by the young girl, who, still clothed in her poor but modest clothes, seemed to shine in them like an eglantine rose on a briar bush.\u201cYou are certainly the poorest, and also the richest\u201d, he said to her, \u201ccome with me, you shall be my wife\u201d.She remained silent, but gave him her hand, which he kissed, and followed him to the court where the wedding was celebrated with great joy.+, %° 0 *° You, young Canadian girls who chatter like song birds in the modest homes which are scattered all over our beautiful country, you too are destined to become queens.Charming princes will soon pass by your doors looking for the young girls who shall be at the same time the richest and the poorest.These princes are the sons of farmers, the kings of the soil.They look shy but their manner is frank.Their hands are calloused but their plumes are white because they always walk in the pathway of Honour and Virtue.You will attract their attention only if you are beaming with the natural virtues of order, economy and cleanliness.Qf Order is the esthetic beauty which results from the useful and harmonious arrangement of things and it is also the moral beauty which is born of the correct co-ordination and subordination of our thoughts, our words, and our deeds to established rules and laws.You little girls who are commencing to look into the future and to secretly hum little love ditties, may you and all about you shine with this esthetic and moral beauty which begets order and which captivates all hearts, Learn to arrange the smail- est things you touch and to perform the slightest actions which you accomplish, in the same methodical way as that in which the thread is wound on the spindle, for order doubles your time and the well ordered life is like a golden thread which is so much longer when it has been most carefully wound in close symmetrical rows upon the spindle which is thus capable of holding it.Economy is order exercised in the expenses of the home, in its management and in the administration of property.\u201cIt is\u201d says Smiles, \u201cthe guardian of honesty of character, of domestic happiness and of social well-being\u201d.Young girls, singing touching idyls and already finding yourselves dreaming of the future, learn to practise that saving which creates resources, restrains from immoderate pleasures and procures riches and independence, Practice it not for itself alone, but so as to acquire a modest income and to be able to experience the blessing of giving and thus making others happy.Learn early to appreciate the value of money if you do not wish to later become a slave to your debts and so live in constant worry.May your skill and ability be such that even the least of your works may prove productive so that little by little you will thus accumulate, by the aid of this shuttle which represents economy of time, the various small sums that will eventually constitute your fortune; for just as productive and incessant work may be compared to the thread of the wool, so also economy may be the thread of the chain which gathers up every morsel of the web .Le de te Cleanlness is the quality of complete absence of ali that can soil or contaminate, \u201cThe habit of ceanliness\u2019\u201d, says Stern, \u201cis one of the first signs of that self esteem which is the beginning and end of all good manners.\u201d It is at the base of all rules of hygiene whose object is to prevent illness and to preserve health.We may regard cleanliness as the daughter of order and the sister of economy.You young girls who heartily sing your love songs and who hope to realize your dreams of the future, learn to please without making any special effort to do so, by always reflecting that cleanliness which blends so well with simplicity and which clothes even poverty with the charm of dignity.Since cleanliness should be to the body what purity is to the soul, may this second modesty cover you with its shining lustre, making you sparkle ar, the polished needle which shines in your clever fingers when you do your sewing, darning and embroidery.You young girls in your early teens, who have also inherited the old lady\u2019s spindle, shuttle and needle, hasten to become like her both the richest and the poorest, by the constant practice of order, of economy and of cleanliness, so that the young men with the white plumes who knock at your doors will find the sweet bloom which they are prepared to gather.That day you will become queens! J.H.LAVOIE.Leopold Brunet winner of the silver medal in the 1923 competition of Junior Agricultural Merit, is the son of Mr.Joseph Brunet, a farmer of Mont Laurier, Que., one of the first colonists to settle on the Lievre, Dar EE SSP THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 51 YWoman\u2019s World Eat Vegetables for Vitamins L.F.Burrows, Secretary, Canadian Horticultural Council.OMPARATIVELY recent is the addition of the word \u201cVitamin\u201d to our vocabulary, and even though the use of the word is now common, its meaning is not yet understood.Physicians have long recognized the value of vegetables in the daily diet and we are now told that this value lies largely in the fact that they contain vitamins, and that vitamins are necessary to life Some vegetables contain greater quantities and of different kinds than others.Three distinct kinds of vitamins have been named \u201cA\u201d, \u201cB\u201d and \u201ccr, Vitamin \u201cA\u201d is a mysterious element in food, without which children cannot grow, but which grown folks also meed.Shortage of vitamin \u201cA\u201d leads to disease of the eye, skin, and kidneys; and it may cause bad teeth, diarrhoea, pellagra, and other ailments.As a rule, seeds of all kinds are rather deficient in vitamin \u201cA™, although green peas contain appreciable amounts.Leafy plants, on the other hand, are valuable foods in this regard.Spinach and chard are probably the richest of the common leafy foods in this element, lettuce ranks next, with cabbage holding third place.The roots and tubers vary, sweet potatoes and carrots ranking first, while white or Irish potatoes contain but a small amount, and it is doubtful if beets, rutabagas and parsnips contain appreciable amounts.Tomatoes, however, are very rich in vitamin \u201cA\u201d and Hubbard squash is also a valuable source.Little work has been done on the fruits but there is evidence that apples, bananas and oranges contain small amounts of this vitamin Vitamin \u201cB\u201d is guardian of good digestion and proper functioning of the liver and other glands.This vitamin is found in the germ and branny portion of cereals.In the milling of wheat, however, this vitamin is so completely removed that the best grades of flour are entirely lacking, This does not mean that we should condemn the white breads, starchy foods, white rice, ete.; it merely means that we must choose our food intelligently and eat more vegetables.Potatoes, sweet and white, contain appreciable amounts of vitamin \u201cB\u201d, although the turnip and onion are more valuable in this regard.The beet root contains a fair amount although its leaves appear to be much richer.This vitamin is also found in the tomato, cabbage, spinach, lettuce, parsley, and the lowly dandelion, the tomato being especially valuable.While many fruits have not been studied, it is probably safe to state that most fruit juices contain appreciable amounts of vitamin \u201cB\u201d.It is I\u2019kewise probably true that nuts are valuable sources of this vitamin, inasmuch as all nuts that have been studied contain appreciable amounts.Vitamin \u201cC\u201d prevents disease and promotes the general health.Lack of it gives the skin a bad color and makes the heart weak It has long been known that lemons, limes, oranges, and fresh fruits are curative in scurvy.It has only been in recent years that we have understood that this curative effect was due to vitamin \u201cC\u201d, While oranges have been used for a number of years in the treatment of infantile scurvy it is only recently that it has become the common practice to supply orange juice to infants as part of the regular feeding practice.More recently it has been discovered that tomato juice is practically equal to the juice of the orange in this regard, and many physicians in the poorer districts of the large cities are prescribing strained tomato juice in place of orange juice.The juice of canned tomatoes seems to be very satisfactory for this purpose, indicating that the canning process is not particularly destructive as far as vitamin \u201cC\u201d is concerned.Berries are known to have scur- vy-curing properties, although little investigational work has been done.The Swedish turnip or rutabaga is very valuable a3 a source of vitamin \u201cC\u201d and the same is true of the carrot.Young carrots are apparently more valuable than old carrots and this appears to be true for many vegetables.As a rule, it is probably safe to state that the vitamin content of vegetables is highest at the time that the vegetable is most prized from the standpoint of tenderness and taste.Potatoes, onions and parsnips are also considered valuable antiscorbutic foods Rhubarb, lettuce and cauliflower must also be included in the list, while lovers of cabbage salad and \u201cslaw\u201d will be glad to know that raw cabbage is one of the best sources of vitamin \u201cC\u2019\u201d that we have.Tomatoes have the three kinds of vitamins necessary to human health.Most vegetables have one or two but seldom all three, It is probably best to eat our fruits and vegetables in the fresh form, when it is possible to do so.There is little, however, to be feared from the usual methods of canning and cooking.If we eat a sufficient amount of vegetables and fruits throughout the year, it will not matter if a small percentage of the vitamins are destroyed in the cooking process.As a rule, long continued heating or cooking is considered undesirable, and air should be excluded as far as possible.It is not necessary that we be vegetarians.We should be reasonable and sensible and not faddists.Every diet, especially that of growing children, should contain milk, butter, eggs, fresh vegetables, and fresh fruit if we expect to obtain the best results.Various fruit and vegetable canning recipe books have been issued from time, but the best that has recently come to my attention is that issued by the Fruit Branch of the Dominion Department of Agriculture, These booklets contain recipes which have been thoroughly tested, are practical and economical.They may be had free upon application to the Fruit Commissioner, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.Summer\u2019s Farewell Gifts May Chute Maw CC HE seasons come and the seasons go\u201d, and each in its turn contributes something to the welfare of mankind.Summer\u2019s farewell gifts are many,\u2014amongst her very best are the fruits in all their varied and attractive forms.It is a well known fact that fruits should have a very important place in the diet if good health is to be secured and mantained, At this season when fruits are plentiful and cheap they should be used in absolutely every home.Fresh fruits may be served once a day, and cooked fruits for the dessert course for dinner or supper instead of the pies and steamed puddings which not only take longer to prepare but which will be enjoyed much better on the winter days.And the few minutes thus saved should be spent by the busy housewife in the \u201cVast Out of Doors\u201d, there enjoying nature in all the changing moods that Autumn brings her.BAKED APPLES Truly an old fashioned dish, but one which many housewives destroy in its preparation! Wipe, core and score medium sized appies ; place them in an agate or pyrex baking dish (not a shallow pan), and fill each centre with sugar.Allow one cup of water for 6 apples and pour it around, not over them, Bake in a moderate oven until apples are soft.Place them in a dish and pour juice over them, BAKED PEARS A most delicious dish! Wipe pears, remove blossom ends, place in a bean crock or casserole.Add sugar in the proporton of 1 cup sugar to 8 pears.Cover pears with water and bake in a moderate over from 4 to 6 hours.Place them in a dish and pour juice over them.Notes : 1, If a clove flavour is desired stick 4 whole cloves in each pear before baking.2.If a lemon flavour, add thinly sliced lemon before baking, 3.If a ginger flavour, add a small piece of root or preserved ginger before baking.4.Sweet apples may be baked in the same way, using less sugar.APPLE FLOAT 2 cups Apple Sauce 3 Egg Whites Prepare apple sauce, (wipe apples, remove blossom ends and stems; cut in pieces, Cook in as little water as possible, strain and add sugar, the amount of sugar depending on sweetness of apples; beat sauce with a dover egg beater for one minute, ch ll.Beat white of eggs stiff and fold lightly into appie sauce.Serve cold with a custard sauce.2 cups milk salt 3 tablespoons sugar 3 egg yolks Flavouring Scald milk in a double boiler, beat yolks slightly, add sugar and salt, and then the hot milk slowly.Cook over gently boiling water, stirring until it thickens.Cool and flavour.APPLE CREAM 2 cups apple sauce 1 cup whipped cream Prepare apple sauce, chill.Fold the whipped cream lightly into apple sauce.Sprinkle with chopped nuts and serve cold.APPLE PUDDING 14 to Vi cup milk 2 tablespoons baking powder 14 teaspoon salt 2 tablespoons butter Wipe, quarter, core, pare and slice apples.Place in a buttered baking dish; sprinkle with sugar and bake until nearly tender.Mix remaining ingredients as for biscuits; place over apples and bake 20 to 30 minutes.Serve hot in baking dish with sugar and cream.The following dishes may be prepared now and used as a sauce or put in jars and used later as sandwich filling, or as an accompaniment to the breakfast toast.4 to 6 sour apples Sugar 1 cup flour « HARVEST DAYS» 52 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE HUNTING DAYS GRAPE CONSERVE 1 pound seeded raisins 2 oranges 8 pounds grapes 4 pounds sugar Pulp grapes cook until seeds rise to top, strain through a sieve, add skins and cook 15 minutes.Add sugar, orange, (grate yellow rind and slice pulp) and raisins; cook until as thick as marmalade.Note : 1 pound coarsely chopped walnuts may be added five minutes before conserve is removed Good Manners By M.A.Moore, in ITE foundation of good-breeding, of good manners, of truest courtesy, must begin in the home, the place where we, naturally perhaps, least recognize their claims.It is in the home, above all other places, that the finest tact, another name for courtesy, is necessary, living as we do in closer contact, with less ceremony, and with greater familiarity than elsewhere\u2014and the strongest test of our training comes into practice under these very natural conditions.Few of us may ever be called upon to do more than one or two great things in our lives, but all of us are almost daily called upon for the smaller sacrifices, the disturbing trifles of life, and it is in the smaller courtesies of this same everyday life that we are apt to fail.The truest courtesy comes from kindness of heart.All else is an outside veneer or polish that shows its uncertain foundation under any form of disturbance.I'rom a wide experience, I believe this matter to be one for the most earnest consideration, and a noted writer well expressed it thus: \u201cGood manners in the household are like pil on complicated ma- chinery\u2014like cushions spread over rough and wounding ways\u2014but they are more important than anything clse in their strong influence on character.The result of a refined early life shows itself in all that a man or woman becomes.\u201d All writers on \u201cSocial Customs,\u201d \u201cCorrect Ways\u201d ote., seem to find it necessary to emphasize the guiding principles set forth by the use of a certain number of \u201cDo\u2019s and don\u2019ts\u201d and long ago it was written that one might as well be out of the world as out of fashion, When elderly people enter your home or your presence, always remain standing until they are scated.This attention may not always be appreciat- od, but that matters little, The time may come when we ourselves may be in a position to enjoy many of the small courtesies so often neglected to-day.Children are taught fine manners quite as much by example as by precept, and \u201cWhat a child receives in youth, it seldom fails to return at maturity; also remember that children are not only the life of the home but the hope of the future !\u201d The ease with which one member of a family, not always clderly, will appropriate a certain comfortable chair shows selfishness and discourtesy that awakens sometimes disgust.Never fail, be it early or late, to exchange the morning freetings, whether you feel just like it or not.It\u2019s a mystery to me why some, otherwise, courteous people always feel cross before break- fast\u2014and a still greater mystery, why they feel at liberty to show it.Dr.Holmes once truly wrote, \u201cThe whole essence of gentle breeding lies in the wish and the art to be JUS \u2014 from heat.FRUIT BUTTER Apples, pears, plums, peaches, grapes or a combination may be used.8 pounds fruit 4 pounds sugar Prepare fruit, cook until tender and strain.Add sugar and cook slowly until as thick as marmalade.Note : Add lemons or ginger if flavour is desired.for Every Day \u201cAmerican Cookery\u201d agreeable.Good breeding is surface Christianity.\u201d Cultivate fine table manners\u2014they are quite as necessary at home as in public.Carelessness in the observance of social custom at home will easily lead one to mistakes abroad, even when one \u201cknows better.\u201d Fashions change a little about table observances, but the general customs remain the same.One can note what others do, and \u201cfollow suit.\u201d Do not begin the day by finding fault and critising\u2014always disturbing features of home life.Do not be so anxious to talk as to constantly interrupt others who may be, and often are, better worth listening to.Don\u2019t be selfish and exacting\u2014don\u2019t fret, even when things go wrong\u2014don\u2019t be sullen\u2014don\u2019t be a tease\u2014one ill bred person in an otherwise harmonious family can ruin the peace of the whole.In other words\u2014don\u2019t be a nuisance, If you have not natural tact, cultivate it by thinking first about others, and last about yourself.We must remember that the perseverance of a courteous manner is the test of its sincerity.\u201d Always knock before entering a room with a closed door,\u2014every human being has a right to a certain amount of privacy.Always treat with special courtesy one who is deaf, or suffering from any infirmity.You may be giving a joy that never will be forgotten.Servants at home or abroad are human beings and appreciate kindly (not necessarily familiar) courtesies more, sometimes, than those of a higher station in life.Always be truthful with them, and with children.They will soon lose faith in you, otherwise.Never refuse to receive an apology.Courtesy requires that it be accepted.It is a sad comment upon our present-day system of education, that so little attention is paid even the simplest rules of \u201cGood Manners.\u201d CORRECT SPEECH The home is not only the training school of manners, both good and bad, but also of the habit of correct speech.A knowledge, easily obtainable, of the ordinary and simplest rules of grammer, if put into daily use, will prevent mistakes almost unpardonable, It has been well, exceeding well, written that \u201cSelf cultivation in the use of good English must chiefly come through speech.Whoever goes to his grave with bad English in his mouth has no one to blame but himself for the disagreeable taste, for, if faulty speech can be inherited, it can be exterminated, too.\u201d Carelessness is one of the greatest factors in speaking ungrammatically,\u2014and, also, in mispronunciation.A habitial use of slang may be \u201cfunny\u201d and \u201csmart\u201d, but it is never refined.We can easily let it keep its place with the educated college boys who so thoroughly enjoy its use.Above all, never attempt to use words or expressions of whose meaning and pronunciation you are not perfectly sure.Be a good listener.Do not be whispering when you might be listening.You will not only gain in knowledge in that way, but you will be appreciated in society and elsewhere.Watch and follow the pronunciation of those who should be and generally are correct.Every library, large or small, every school and almost every home, has its dictionary.It is for use.You will quickly recognize the following \u2018as common and familiar errors of speech.We so easily drift into habits, even of speech, that these few examples, alas, are not confined to the uneducated classes.\u201cSay Mary\u201d, \u201cYou don\u2019t say,\u201d \u201cThose kind of things\u201d for \u201cThings of that kind\u201d, \u201cLady friend\u2019 or \u201cGentleman friend\u2019, \u201cIt's me\u201d or \u201cHe Went with Alice and I,\u201d \u201cYes, Miss,\u201d or \u201cNo Miss\u201d, \u201cAin\u2019t or haint\u201d, \u201cYou was\u201d for \u201cyou were.\u201d Do not say a person\u2019s \u201cHome\u201d when you mean his \u201chouse\u201d, We say to-day \u201cman and woman\u201d instead of \u201clady and gentleman\u201d, as \u201cMrs.Brown is a charming woman.\u201d We Americans have the bad habit of strong exaggeration in dur use of extravagant expressions not only improper, but untrue as well, How often we hear \u201cOh! I had a perfectly elegant time.\u201d \u201cThe supper was gorgeous.\u201d \u201cIsn't she too awfully sweet for any use?\u201d Look up awfully in the distionary.\u201cI am completely worn out.\u201d \u201cAren\u2019t you all in?\u201d One could easily fill a fair-sized volume with examples of our daily abuse of the King\u2019s English.One learns much in almost any society by being willing to talk about subjects of interest to others, and by listening courteously, that is, with attention to what others have to say.One of the most discourteous acts a person can commit is to allow the attention to wander when one is being personally addressed.It is said, that one of the chief charms of Robert Louis Stevenson, who was a brilliant talker, was his sympathetic power of inspiring others.He would keep a houseful or a single companion entertained all day, yet never seem to dominate the talk or absorb it, rather he helped everyone about him to discover and exercise unexpected powers of his own.His good will, his courtesy and his consideration for others were delightful.Culling The Flock Y the use of the trapnest the flock may be accurately culled so that only those birds which have given a profitable production need be retained; but for the vast majority of farmers and poultry keepers this method is not practicable in that trapnesting takes more time than they are able to devote to it.Therefore it becomes necessary for those who do not use trapnests to use the less certain, but still practicable, method of culling by visual evidence.The heavy-laying hens will be sprightly and active in appearance, will have a clean-cut head, lean face and prominent eyes, a large moist vent and a full abdomen which will be soft and pliable.After she has laid heavily for a time, if she is of the yellow-skinned variety, the color will have faded from her vent, eye-ring, beak and shanks, and her plumage will look the worse for wear, the feathers of the tail in all probability being badly broken from rubbing against the sides of the nest box.It is safe to cull all birds that show decidedly weak constitutions; those that show great age; and those that are coarse in the head, thick in the skin and show heavy internal deposits of fat.This last condition is evidenced by a full hard abdomen.Besides these indications there are others \u2014 the opposite of what is expected in a good layer\u2014that, taken collectively, are fairly sure.A dry puckered vent, or a dry shrivelled comb, indicate that the hen is not laying at the time; rich yellow legs and beak usually indicate either that the hen has laid very few eggs or that she has taken a sufficiently long rest to allow the color time to return; smooth lustrous plumage indicates that there has probably been no great drain on the system and unbroken plumage indicates that she has probably not spent much time in the nest.While it takes experience to cull accurately where close culling is desired, the wise poultry keeper will not hesitate ta make a start, as the rank wasters may be readily recognized even by the inexperienced.With increased experience close culling may be practised.om Le tonne ff in THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE ANDHORTICULTURE Women\u2019s Institutes Activities Women\u2019s Institute Work for Girls UCH thought and effort have been expended by Miss Roach, Superintendent of Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes and her staff, to devise means whereby the girls in rural communities might be benefited.Demonstrations, short courses, etc, have been held at different points in the past, and a number of junior institutes have been formed.Difficulty has been experienced in being able to reach the girls at a time when they are free from school and other duties.But, Miss Roach is not one to give up a good thing even when obstacles appear in the way, and has, therefore, planned a series of short courses for girls during the summer months.Following is a brief account of two of these courses which speak for themselves: \u201cThe Extension Branch of the Household Science Department Macdonald College, has planned to give, at the request of the Women\u2019s Institutes, short courses to the girls of the country districts.These are intended to arouse in the girls an interest in this work i.e.,, the work of the farm- home, and to encourage them to remain on the farm, and make of farm-life what it should and might so easily be.A rough outline of the work follows: Monday am.9.30\u201412.00 Canning fruit pm.\u2018 2.00\u2014 4.00 Cutting out of kimona- sleeve dress.Canning vegetables.Stitches, use of machine and work on dress.Hot supper dishes.Table Setting and Serving.Sewing.Tues.am.9.30\u201412.00 p.m.2.00\u2014 4.00 Wed, a.m.9.30\u201412.00 pm.2.00\u2014 4.00 Thur.am.9.30\u201412.00 Tea Biscuits and Salads.p.m.2.00\u2014 4.00 Collars and cuffs.Trimmings.Fri.am.9.30\u201412.00 Completion of dress and pressing.Talk upon use of Commercial patterns.Preparation of luncheon for girls, by the girls themselves.Menu for Luncheon Cream of Pea Soup Tomato salad Strawberries with cream p.m.1.30\u2014 4.00 Croutons Tea Biscuit The first of these courses was given at Cowans- ville, Fourteen girls took the course and did good work On Friday afternoon, about twenty-three visitors were present at the Hall where the classes were held.Miss McOuat, one of the demonstrators, spoke to the women on the idea and value of the Short Course; also the essentials for a successful course.Miss Poole spoke for a brief period on the part of the work in connection with the sewing.At four o'clock, the luncheon was anounced.Seven girls with Miss Poole, one of the demonstrators, as hostess, took their places at the table.\u201cGrace\u201d being said, the girls proceeded with the serving.The visitors were able to witness this procedure while being served with lemonade and sandwiches.At the conclusion of the luncheon, Helen Beach moved a vote of thanks to Miss McOuat and Miss Poole for their efforts, and Isabel Beach presented each with a bunch of roses.At the close of the meeting, pictures were taken of the visitors and girls.The dresses and canning were on «exhibition in Mr.Brown's store.On the whole, the demonstrators were very pleased with the interest shown and work accomplished by the girls.Cowansville is very anxious for the course again another year.SHORT COURSE AT ALLAN\u2019S CORNERS The second short course of the six being given to girls of country districts by the extension workers of the Household Science Department of Macdonald College was held at Allan\u2019s Corners.There were nineteen girls enrolled and attendance was regular.Mrs.Alex Steele gave the use of her kitchen and the freedom of her house to the girls and during the week helped in every way possible to make the course a success.Thirty-two jars of fruit and vegetables and nineteen dresses were ready for exhibition on Friday afternoon.Upon this occasion the girls prepared and served a luncheon to eleven of their companions.Miss Poole, one of .the two demonstrators, acted as hostess.The meal was served and eaten in a creditable manner.Many of the women of the community were present and were served with afternoon tea, the girls providing the sandwiches.All were much interested in the work and exhibition.Prospects seemed very good in this district for another Short Course next summer, SHORT COURSE AT COOKSHIRE During the week August 5th-10th a Short Course for girls was given in Cookshire by one of the extension workers of the Household Science Department of Macdonald College.The Course included instruction in cooking, sewing, serving of meals, ete.Twenty-four girls attended the classes and great interest was shown throughout the Course.Friday afternoon brought the Short Course to a close, when about fifty women visited the Parish Hall where the classes were held.The display of canning, and the dresses made by the girls were on exhibit, and highly commented upon.The supper prepared and served by the girls was the centre of interest in the Hall.The prize was awarded to Evelyn Cromwell for the best all round worker, after which the guests were served with tea, sandwiches and cake.Report of Quebec Women\u2019s Institutes Argenteuil County Argenteuil branch at the August meeting was favoured with a demonstration on \u201cThe Care and Use of Aluminum Ware.\u201d There was a good attendance.Jerusalem-Bethany enjoyed a full report of the Women\u2019s Institute Convention held in June, Five dollars was donated to the School Fair.Sewing is being discussed as a means of making money for Institute work.Upper Lachute reports a good attendance and a demonstration on aluminum ware.Lakefield reports three new members.This branch held a successful community picnic.Improvements to the school grounds are being undertaken.Five dollars was donated to the School Fair; help is being given to the Childrens\u2019 Memorial Hospital in Montreal and the Girls\u2019 Home at Sweetsburg.Two new members joined.BONAVENTURE COUNTY .No reports BROME COUNTY South Bolton is making a quilt to be sold for the benefit of the Institute.At the next meeting each member is expected to say or read something pertaining to \u201cThe Physical and Moral Evils of Fault Finding,\u201d or pay a fine.Foster is giving assistance to the School Fair, taking charge of the circulating library, and making arrangements to compile a county cook-book.CHATEAUGUAY COUNTY Howick\u2014the August meeting took the form of a picnic which was very enjoyable.This branch gave an inmate of the Moore Home, Montreal, a week\u2019s holiday in the country.The School Fair is receiving attention.The Grasshopper And The Cricket The poetry of earth is never dead; When all the birds are faint with the hot sun, And hide in cooling trees, a voice will run From hedge to hedge about the new-mown mead; That is the Grasshopper\u2019s\u2014he takes the lead In summer luxury,\u2014he has never done With his delight; for when tired out with fun He rests at ease beneath some pleasant weed.The poetry of earth is ceasing never: On a lone winter evening, when the frost Has wrought a silence, from the stove there shrills The Cricket\u2019s song, in warmth increasing ever, And seems to one in drowsiness half lost, The Grasshopper\u2019s among some grassy hills.John Keats.COMPTON COUNTY Sawyerville has succeeded in installing electric lights in the school building.Refreshment booths were operated on the fair ground at the Calf Show, Brookbury is rapidly clearing their community hall debt.A picnic was held at which $61.57 was cleared.One new member joined.HUNTINGDON COUNTY Dundee reports two new members.A paper on \u201cDo we get enough Pleasure out of Life\u201d was read and discussed.A successful Ice Cream Social was held.MEGANTIC COUNTY Crawfordville reports one new member.A successful meeting was held, the subject of dis- \u2018cussion being \u201cCountry vs City Life.\u201d Inverness had reports and discussion of future work.Kinnear\u2019s Mills\u2014No Meeting.Leeds Village\u2014A paper was read on \u201cThe Phy- chological View of the Present Social Unrest.\u201d Arrangements were discussed for putting the Cemetery Fund on a permanent basis.Lemesurier had a demonstration on \u201cPacking School Lunches\u201d.Discussion was held with regard to completion of their community hall, and further equipment for same, The various branches in Megantic County are making a Women\u2019s Institute exhibit at the county fair as a means of advertising their work \u201cFor Home and Country.\u201d MISSISQUOI COUNTY Noyan is putting on a play to raise funds.An address was given on a \u201cThree Months\u2019 Trip to the Holy Land.\u201d The branches in this county joined in holding a picnic which was a great success.PONTIAC COUNTY Starks Corners\u2014The meeting was held in the form of a picnic which was most enjoyable.Eight dollars was realized from the sale of a quilt which was made by the members.Radford Junior Institute was favoured with a visit from their County President who gave helpful advice and suggestions along Institute lines; also a demonstration in crocheting in wool.The girls are planning\u2019 a food sale; also a social evening and corn roast.A handkerchief shower is to be given to one of the members who is leaving home.Two new members were enrolled.STANSTEAD COUNTY The six branches in Stanstead County hold each year at the County Fair a canning exhibit and competition to which each Institute is expected to contribute fifty jars of canned goods.The prize goes to the best collection.This is a good women\u2019s institute advertisement.} North Hatley reports a food sale and cake contest with prizes for girls.Ten dollars was voted to the Sherbrooke Hospital.Three new members joined.Tomifobia is agitating for a public watering trough in their town.Help is being given to a family which was recently burnt out.Forty-one dollars was the proceeds of a barn dance.One new member was enrolled.Beebe sent a contribution of food to the hospital lunch counter at the Sherbrooke Fair.The programme at the meeting held was a musical one.One new member joined.The other branches report plans for the canning contest.SHERBROOKE COUNTY Ascot and Lenmnoxville branches operated a refreshment booth at the Farmer's Picnic which was held at the Experimental Farm, Lennoxville.The financial returns were very gratifying.A special meeting of the county executive was held to set on foot plans for the Short Course to be held in January.Lennoxville had no regular meeting in August.Ascot reports a meeting at which the Junior Institute furnished the programme.The past month has been an extremely busy season which we think accounts for the falling off in the number of reports.MRS.W.S.ARMITAGE, Convenor, Publicity Committee.To offset the high cost of living and abnormal conditions of the reconstruction period, it is especially important that women know how to spend every dollar in the most efficient way. lire Fall Planting About the Farm Home (Continued from page 47) house bench, or if no greenhouse is available, keep in a cool place and give just enough water to keep them moist.Dahlias are best stored by being covered with moist sand on the floor of the cellar.Protecting Roses.\u2014 All roses need protection in our cold climate.There are numerous methods.One is to lay the branches down carefully, weight them with bricks or stones and cover to a depth of six to eight inches with soil.This is the best method.Another method is to cover with leaves to about a foot in depth.Boxes without covers laid upside down over the leaves and all will keep out the moisture and make a much more satisfactory \u2018job of the protecting.Where climbing roses are grown against a wall heavy building paper, or better still, boards placed at the angle of a roof over the covering of leaves will prove satisfactory.With this protection from moisture the rose will come through the winter in much better shape.Perennial borders should be mulched thoroughly with well rotted manure every second year at least.Do not allow the manure to rest on the crown of any of the plants.Perennials are not all alike in their ability to withstand our severe winter, and we should determine just what they need in the way of protection.The kind and degree of protection depends somewhat on the situation.On a southern exposure when the sunshine will cause frequent thawing of the surface and subsequent freezing the need for covering as compared with a shady situation where the surface remains constantly frozen, may readily be greater.This alternate freezing and thawing is a frequent cause of injury in gardens, by heaving the roots out of the ground, as well as injuring the plant cells, Finally dig over vacant beds and leave them as rough as possible so that the frost can get at the soil and break it up.A LIST OF PERENNIALS The perennials in the following list are arranged according to height : Low\u20141 foot and under Adonis vernalis (Spring Adonis); Aster alpinus (Dwarf Aster); x Cam- panula carpatica (Carpathian Bells); Cerastium tementosum (Snow in summer); Convallaria majalis (Lily of the valley); x Dianthus barbatus (Sweet William); x Dianthus plu- marius (Mrs.Sinkins); xx Funkia subcordata grandiflora (Giant Day Lily); xx Heuchera sanguinea (Alum root); Mertensia virginia (Virginia cowslip) ; x Myasatis (Forget-me-not; Oenothera Missouriensis (Evening Primrose; x Phlox subulata (Moss pink); Sedum spectabiliis atropur- purea; Veronica alpine; Vinea minor (Periwinkle); Viola cornuta (Tufted pansy).Medium\u2014two to three feet.Achillea \u201cThe Pearl\u201d; Aconitum Fischeri (Autumn Aconite); Anthe- mus tinctoria Kelwayi (Yellow Marguerite) ; Anchusa Italica; xx Aqui- legia\u2014in variety (Columbine) ; x Aster Novae Angliae (Wild purple Aster); x Asters\u2014in variety (Michaelmas Daisy); Coreopsis lanceolata (Tick- seed) ; Campanula persicifolia (Peach- leaved campanula); x Campanula media (Canterbury Bells); Campanula pyramidalis; xx Chrysanthemum (Shasta Daisy); Corydalis nobilis; x Dielytra spectabilis (Bleeding Heart) ; xx Digitalis (Foxglove); Doronicum causasicum Echinops ritro {Globe Thistle); xx Gaillardia grandiflora (Blanket Flower); Geum; x Gypso- phila paniculata (Baby's Breath); Hemerocallis flava (Lemon Lily); x Hemerocallis fulva (Orange Lily); xx Iris Germanica (German Iris); Iris Kaempferi (Japanese Iris); Iris Siberica; Iris orientalis; Inula gran- diflora (Inula); Lilium candidum (Madonna Lily); x Lilium elegans atrosanguinea; Lilium tigrinum (Tiger Lily); Lilium superbum (Turk\u2019s Cap Lily; Lychnis Chalcedonica (Scarlet Lightning); xx Paeonia in variety\u2014 (Peony) ; xx Papaver orientale (Oriental Poppy); xx Phlox, decusetta hybrids in variety; Platycodon grandi- florum (Chinese Bell Flower); x Py- rethrum uliginosum (Giant Daisy); Trollius europaeus (Orange Globe Flower); Veronica\u2014in variety.Tall\u2014four to six feet and over.Bocconia cordata (Plume Poppy); Boltonia asteroides (False Chamomile); Cimcifuga americana (Bug- wort); Clematis recta (Traveller's Joy); xx Delphinium hybridum (Larkspur); Dictamnus albus (Gas Plant); Helenium autumnale striatum (Sneeze Weed) ; x Helianthus rigidus (Miss Mellish) ; Hieliopsis pitcheriana (Orange sunflower); x Spiraea arun- cus (Goat\u2019s Beard); Valeriana of- ficinalis (Garden Heliotrope).SOFT & FLAKY-, WON'T SCRATCH d0id Dutch! SENS oY dit #4 NR J Ls Lvemmune pen al GOES does better ( awork.@ == te.CANADA cal ME A EC ONOMICAL.Contaits, no | 78 |1lye or,acid! aX THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE ANDHORTICULTURE cs \u2018 y Jhe Greatest NE \u2018HP This sturdy little Engine will pay for itself quickly in EngineValue in Years ue FR A ORSE \"2.ENGINE Battery Equipt DER oe ole Bg ASO 0 Be A BE .BC A BS Le OS os =\".0 LAS D A .oe A A time and labour-saving.Though it is small and light Milker, Pump, ete.And its satisfactory service is guar- Write our enough to be transported easily, it is strong enough to perform countless tiresome jobs on your farm, such as, running your Feed Grinder, Churn, Washing Machine, anteed by the pioneer builders of Gas Engines.nearest Branch for booklets.The Canadian F.O.B.MONTREAL FAI RBANKS-MORSE Company Limited St.John, Quebec, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Windsor, Winnipeg, Regina, Calgary, Vancouver, Victoria ALAR RT E> CEES 555 2 SS EA Ee RR leum for all your floors.HEA RC FE EECA I unimpaired wear, possess all the excellent qualities of linoleum by the yard and are as moderately priced.There is a w.ue range of patterns and color- ings to pick from\u2014floral designs, block designs, tiles, mattings and plains.Call at your dealer\u2019s to-day and let him help you make a selection, DOMINION LINOLEUM for all your floors BR a FR RTT ET for the Winter BRIGHT, warm linoleum on your kitchen floor adds just that note of cheerfulness so desirable through the long winter months.Its smooth, attractive surface is waterproof and stainproof; grease or ashes, wood or coal dust cannot harm it.And linoleum is most practicable; a damp mop is all you need to keep it clean and sanitary in spite of slush and dirt.It is a good time now to adopt Dominion Lino- Every room covered with it means saved labor and economy, too, through moderate first cost and long years of Dominion Linoleum Rugs SAS) RER LE 27 2 Ve LS a oS 5S 2