The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 octobre 1911, dimanche 1 octobre 1911

[" f Sen Tan 3 .\u2014\u2014 ENGLISH, 7,000 Sr 2 , FRENCH.71,075 - ~ Pe OCTOBER 1st., 1911 When You See a Fine Farm, LEARN MORE It has Page Catalogues .::i- PAGE Take The Page Gasoline Engine\u2014for instance: C ATALOGS This 250-1b.engine will do your hard work.It will pump, saw, grind, chop silage and elevate it, run cream separators, (A) FENCES (B-ENGINES form, DUNNER oe ie cay ACME CHICKEN FENCING Note the 3stretching wires and the graduated sizes of mesh.Non -sagging.Best ever.fanning mills, etc.Uses coal oil, gasoline or alcohol\u2014no parts to change with a change of fuel.Remember this engine will do your work all the year around.No fire danger.Has governor to keep speed even.It will earn its cost for you in saved wages in a single year.Will operate force pump in case of fire, protecting your house and barn.Every engine guaranteed and in perfect running order when you get it.We sell a truck to carry it from place to place, moving it from barn to house, etc., as needed in a few minutes by hand.Sizes 34 and 6 h.p.Write us for catalogue of engines, which gives every detail and prices.We also have a full line of marine engines.We shall be glad to hear from men who will act as dealers and push the sale of this engine in unoccupied territory.7 DT 7 IRON FENCING\u2014MANY FINE PATTERNS\u2014SERB PAGE FENCE CATALOGUE PAGE \u201cSPECIAL\u201d The Regina Vacuum Cleaner ER POULTRY FENCE Will Do Your Wife's Work A very light, strong fence \u2018 for turning stock as well.Just move the upright handle back and forth j 4 Needs few posts.ca this Regina Cleaner, so casy to do, and it THE REGINA A PAGE FENCING FOR LAWNS, ETC.gs WIRE takes up all dirt through the nozzle attached Protects the flowers, beautifies the lawn.to the long tube.It takes surface and ground BASKETS in dirt from carpets and rugs, as well as from PNEUMATIC : for Roots, floors and walls, in a few moments.Sweep- Nae\u201d Silage, Pot nes.ing no longer needed, and no dust raised.Wire Lock Wire Staple Coiled Wire A: Easy to Write us for the Catalogue that shows Regina FENCE PARTS\u2014FOR BUILDING ON THE FARM\u2014 FULL 3 clean.Cleaners and keep your house perfectly clean.LINE OF SUPPLIES Other sizes to order.We wish to get in touch with a few more * VICTOR \u201d live men to act as dealers in this Cleaner.POULTRY FENCE Painted white\u2014needs 1ew posts.Note the perfect lock.Poultry and stock | proof.Non-rusting pro- tectin.See Page Fence Catalogue.The PAGE WIRE FENCE CO., LTD., Walkerville, Ont.Branches \u2014 TORONTO: Corner King and Atlantic Avenue.MONTREAL: 505-517 Notre Dame Street West.ST.JOHN: 37 Dock Street.The largest fence and gate manufacturers in Canada.REMEMBER: Page Wirc Fences are made from the best materials and give the largest selection, 37 kinds.If contemplating new fences you may buy either fences complete or wire and special fixtures, building the fence yourself.You get our famous lock, which keeps fence true.Write for our Fence Catalogue.PUT IT UP TO THE PAGE PEOPLE THEY HAVE THE RIGHT GOODS Ir Ir EERE TE LOL A LG N (| (Has IL THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE ss TN + WE DELIVER FRE WE DELIVER FREE WE DELIVER FREE o> / i Z\u2014382 | SMART SKIRT, imported vicuna PURE WOOL FRENCH SERGE MISSES SKIRT OF PURE WOOL PLEATED AND SATIN TRIMMED cloth.This model comes in misses\u2019 SKIRT, in sizes to fit misses and SERGE.This fine 7 gored model is _.; Foizess only, 23 and 24 inch bands, 35 to women.This splendid 7 gored model designed in the latest style with bias SKIRT, of imported vicuna cloth.This .ne ne 1 ; will be found eminently satisfactory fold around the bottom.Buttons are ; es à - 37 inch length, shades of Davy or for all round wear.It is designed with used for trimming.Comes in navy or Serviceable model comes in shades of - black.Front cleverly trimmed with side pleats braid and button trimmed.black.When ordering state whether navy and black.It is a perfect fitting rows of coutache braid over pleats.Can be had with inverted pleat or inverted pleat or habit back is pre- ] J habit back.Colors, navy or black.ferred.Misses\u2019 sizes only.Band 23 ang Ÿ% 80red garment.Our price is really This fi skirt is , Jed 1 t ; + This fine skirt is unegualled value a 24 inches, lengths 35 to 37.$4 25 low.$2 50) PRICE .a LLL DE PRICE.1 EE value.$1 08 | This smart misses\u2019 skirt is excellent PRICIS \u2026._ Cee EMA La ae rate MAIL ORDER DEPARTMENT MONTREAL, \u2014 ver mea nnn cr EE THE BT LITTER CARRIER.ua iv\u201d Gasoline and Petroleum Motors capes = n\u2014 has splendid features not found on other TIRE makes, that are well worth nothing.Its construction is simpler than any other.Tts parts are stronger and more heavily built.Only the best of materials are ailowed to cnler into the construction \u2018I'he simplest, safest and the most useful for the farmer, for threshing grain, cutting wood, separating cream, ete.Our À engine is the only one running with common petroleum which you can secure everywhere, it is cheaper than gasoline.of the BT Carrier.In lifting we use Always ready t à ; double purchase.The bucket can be ; y y to run, and no danger of fire or explosion.tipped either way to discharge and can be wound up three inches closer to the track\u201d than any other carrier.The windlass shaft is made of coiled rolled steel, no gas pipe being used in the construction of the BT.The above are only a PAUL LAIR, 149 Moreau St., Montreal, Que.\u2018few of the points that have made the AT Sari SL | ees LATEST IMPROVED STEEL CASE RAY PRESS catalogue you will learn a great many ] We give every desirable guarantee, Write at once for circular and prices.Good agents wanted.more, It is free and will interest you.Write to-day to.P paorkS [whole four wheels in barn.Is not a_ horse killer.Patent Retainers, à atent Folding Roller, Patent Tension Blocks, Patent Side Clamps.The impro- % BEATTY BROS., - - Fergus, Canada.vements make the Press lighter, stronger, casier on the horses and more power.# : ful with \"a shorter lever.8 We also manufacture Steel Stalls, Stanchions and Hay Tools, Là = Be \u20ac The RAZOR STEEL labor.Your saw must hold a kcen edge n 4 i \u2018 SECRET TEMPER CROSS-CUT SA to do a large day's work.iY | 4 Thousands of these saws are shipped f « EE A to the United States and sold at a high- L2 NDE JS We take pleasure in offering to the cr price than the best American saws.public n Saw manufactured of the finest Manufactured only by quality of steel and a temper which toughens and refines the steel, gives a keener cutting edge and holds it longer than by any process known.A saw to eut fast must hold a keen cutting edge.\u201d This secret process of temper is known and uscd only by ourselves.These saws are elliptic ground thin back, requiring less scl than any saws now made, perfect taper from tooth to back.Now.we ask vou when you go to buy a saw, to ask for the Maple T.,caf Razor Steel Sceret Temper Saw, and if you are told that some other saw is just as good, ask your merchant to let you take them both home, and try them and keep the one you like best.oe =X Steel Case Reversible Press.Made of flanged steel sheets riveted together in the same manner as a steam \\ boiler, hence its great strength combined with lightness, and increased durability as neither storm, heat of worms will affect it.] Our Steel Case Press is the most profitabl 7 \u2018ess N Silver steel is no longer a guarantee Farmer, Presser or Hay Shipper, by reason ab oma Hy Press for a of quality as some of the poorest steel = = buildings with only the lever vibrating outside, and for making the popular made is now branded silver steel.We 5 = \\ 17 x 22 size bale.We guarantce all our Presses.Send for descriptive catalogue have the sole right for the Razor and price.The Huntingdon Machine Works.Steel brand SHURLY-DIETRICH CO.Limited.It.does not pay to buy a saw for one dollar lesa and loge 25 cents per dar in GALT, Ontario.BOYD & Co., Huntingdon, Que.| » = RL THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE II 2 GER A Natives digging and loading asphalt at Trinidad Lake Genasco is the roofing of the age.Its foundation has stood for ages past.It beats shingles.They warp, crack, split, and rot\u2014more so now than ever before (lumber is getting scarcer, and shingle-quality iz becoming poorer cvery year).Beats tin, which rusts and needs painting regularly.Andeven with paint tin doesn\u2019t last like it used to \u2014aquality has deteriorated here, also.Coal tar has the same old faults ii has always had\u2014gets soft and inelts in the summer sun, and gets brittle and cracks in the cold, and \u2018eaks.Genasco the Trinidad-Lake-Asphalt Roofing ;s the one roofing that lasts.It is made of Nature\u2019s everlasting waterproofer.Trinidad Lake Asphalt has withstood the suns and storms of centuries; and inn Genasco it gives the same lasting resistance to sun, rain, snow, wind, heat, cold\u2014and even fire.The oily nature of this natural asphalt keeps Genasco alive and strong to defend itself; and this is why Genasco is lastingly waterproof.The Kant-leak Kleet waterproofs the seams of Genasco without cement, and prevents nail-leaks besides.It gives ilie roof an attractive appearance.Ask your dealer for Genasco mineral or smooth surface Roofings with Kant- leak Kleets packed in the roll.Guaranteed, of course.\\Vrite us for samples and the Good Roof Guide Book.GRASS The Barber Asphalt = 20 Paving Company Largest producers of aephalt, and largest manufacturers of ready roofing in the world, Philadelphia New York San Francisco Chicago Caverhill Learmont & Co.Montreal, Que.; D.H.Howden & Co., Ltd., 200 York St., London, Ont.J Sle A LA dd 0 na INVESTIGATE The \u201cLONDON\u201d Ga or Gasoline I'ngine Shipped complete with all the gasoline, water and muffler connections made.Ready to connect battery wires and start as soon as uncrated.Catalogue 17 G.tells you.1 1-2\u20142 1-2\u20143 1-2\u20145 H.P.self contained.LONDON GAS POWER CO., LTD.London.\u2014 Canada.Formerly, SCOTT MACHINE CO., Limited.Agent for Quebec, THOMAS BELAIR, M4 Notre Dame SL., Montreal.\u201c Marlin\" REPEATING RIFLE _ You can buy no better gun for target work and all small game up to 200 yards.Without change of mechanism it handles .22 short, long or long-rifle cartridges perfectly.The deep Ballard rifling develops maximum power and accuracy and adds years to the life of rifles.The solid top is protection from defective cartridges\u2014prevents powder and gases from being blown bac .The side ejection never lets ejected shells spoil your bead and allows quick, accurate repeat shots.With simple take- down construction, removable action parts, \u2014least parts of any .22\u2014itis the quickest and easiest to clean.À great vacation rifle.Ask any gun dealer, The 136 page /Z7r/ér2 catalog The Mar Linz fr zr Co CLIS ), pill help you decide what rifle t suit: indivi ires.ed Ste civics desires 81 Willow Street New Haven, Conn.Send 3 stamps for it today.LE Asbestos Cement Shingles Defy Fire and Weather] +.This is the ideal roof for every building on your place.Costs only a trifle more than wood shingles.Lasts forever without need for repairs or paint.Fire-proof and weather-proof.Made from refined Portland Cement interlaced with Ashestos Fibres.Commands a lower insurance rate on building.Write for booklet describing Asbestos Cement Shingles, Asbestos Corrugated Sheathing, Building Lumber ete., The Asbestos Mfg, Co., 1 705 Eastern Township Bk, Bldg.Factory, Lachine, P.Q.Montreal Tr Strong and Rigid We make Pecrless Gates to last a lifetime\u2014and to look well and work right as long as they last, The frames of r XY Peerless [am and Gates are electrically welded into one solid piece-that's why they stand more than any other gate can.We also make lawn, poultry and farm fences of best quality.Agents wanted, Write to-day.THE BANWELL HOXIE WIRE FENCE CO, Ltd.Dept.Q.Winnipeg, Man Hamilton, Ont.THE ONTARIO BUSINESS COLLEGE BELLEVEILLE ONT.(Affiliated with the Institute of Chartered Accountants) .For catalogue (44th year) containing full information write to Principal, J.W.JOHNSON, F, C.A.BELLEVILLE, ONT.Paint your barn Lumber costs more every year.Save money in repairs and rebuilding by using S-W Commonwealth Barn Red.Durable, handsome and easy to spread.Addsyears to the life of your barn.Go to your local dealer for i EL a I EY a RUSSE Any little girl can do the churning with 1 MAXWELLS Favorite Churn.It makes the smoothest, richest, most K à d delicious butter you ever tasted.B The roller bearings \u2014and hand and N foot levers -make churning an easy task, B ÿ even for a child.i All sizes from ¥% to 30 gallons.à Write for catalogue if your dealer does À 2 not handle this churn and Maxwell's \u201c\u2018Cliampion\u2019* Washer.David Maxwell & Sons, St.Mary's, Ont.= Then make this test with not\u2019 ed\u2014wilts away.\u201cmust\u201d coating, a rr LLL, J \u2018own\u2019.a M) VCR an, AA 1 OS ; : PAS cial Water-proof Coating, into which Sili- ae a is rolled under pressure, is applied, becomes a solid mass of resistance.It is weather, acid, alkali, frost, water-proof, \u2018\u201c Cannot \u2019'\u2019 frecze- ) crack or melt.Wonderfully pliable.Brantford has but one cost-first.Write for free Book and Samples.Selling Agents: Write us, or your dealer, for sample of \u2018\u2018Brantford Asphalt Roofing\u2019.i SFA water for sixty days.When you remove it, rip oven with heavy knife, and you'lf solid\u2014as \u2018\u2018hefore\u2019 va find insides\u2014the vital part\u2014perfectly dry, life-like, + » 23 think of severeness of this test! The result is evidence you \u2018\u2018cannot overlook.\u201cany \u2018other\u2019 Roofing.You'll find the wood pulp\u2014jute or cotton-cloth insides soaked\u2014softened\u2014lifeless.It \u2018can- withstand severe weather, which is, not \u2018\u2018 one-twentieth \u2019* so severe as \u2018\u2018Brantford\u2019s Test\u2018, Wood pulp is like paper.Tt \u2018arts\u2019 like paper, when soak- ation to fight off Roofing Enemies! depend upon animal fat, grease, or other refuse themselves veritable mines of danger.They cva- porate-wear off-expose shameful foundation to awaiting cnemies.This coating cannot \u2018prevent\u2019 penetration- protect defenceless insides from harm.But \u2018* Brantford Asphalt Roofing\u2019 Foundation is one sheet of evenly-conden- sed, long-fibre \u2018pure Wool\", with life and body of its A \u2018\u2018secret\u2019\u2019 mixture of \u2018\u2019 Asphalt into it, soaking every fibre.After mixture dries, Manu foundation possesses resis ting-power \u2018no\u2019\u2019 amount of soaking or bending can effect.\\NTFORD ROOFING Brantford Asphalt Roofing, No.1, 2, 3.Brantford Rubber Roofing, No.1, 2, 3.Brantford Crystal Roofing, one grade only, vy) .Mohawk Roofing, one grade only.BRANTFORD ROOFING CO., Ltd.Montreal Branch, No.9 Place d'Youville, Telephone Main 5020: Noher( & i Que.; J.Sheppard & Son, Sorel.Que.; I.1.T.aubrecque, 127 Rue Du Pont, Québec, Que.Place it in test.Just at its worst, \u201c\u2018could\u2019\u201d you expect such a found- For resistance, it \u2018is \u2018\u2018fareed\u2019\u201d (hea- Brantford, Can.lLymburner, Three Rivers, IV THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE DAINER 55 LANTERNS gs Cost no More than TRADE\\\\ MARK, inferior Lantern Just ask 10 see a \u201cBANNER\u201d Lantern, compare it with what you have been using.Send coupoa in lantein for Calendar.Patent well, Patent Lift Lock.Absolutely Wind Proof.Burns 15 hours longer than ary other.= a © ne ER 7 Handsome appearance ONTARIO LANTERN & LAMP CO.Limited HAMILTON, ONT, DT ETES PANNES You might as well have a Furnace that will burn both Wood and Coal\u2014 (2) TT And one that can be JN \u2018X\\: changed from a Coal to pra ce ee a Wood Furnace at a moment\u2019s notice.Dep let ST pe a» (Guar The *\u2018\u2018 Hecla\u2019 burns wood or coal equally well.All you need to do if you want to burn wood is to slip a wood grate in through the big door of the furnace.Not a bolt or screw is necessary.You can fix it yourself without soiling your hands or clothing.THIS LARGE DOOR No danger of striking the shovel and spilling coal here.The door is big enough to take the larg- The wood grate is supplied free with each ¢\u2018 Hecla\u201d furnace, and est shovel of coal or a doubles its usefulness to those faofty chunk of wood te who sometimes want to burn handle that drops into wood.place, locking the door automatically.\u2019 He C La \u2014 Four Grate Bars.LU ts Note the Air Jets in the Door.They are there to heat the air that passes into the fire chamber.Hot air consumes the gas; cold air checks the fire.Ever notice how a coal fire burns faster at the edges, leaving more ashes there than at the centre of the fire pot?Now, vou can shake down the ashes ina \u2018\u201c Hecla\u201d without losing any of the good coals in the centre.The \u2018\u2018 Hecla\u201d has four grate bars which can be shaken separately, so GET THIS that the outside edges can get a BOOKLET thorough cleaning without touching gndlearn the centre.Savesone .on ot coa Good idea ?in every yy seven.The \u2018\u2018Hecla\u2019\u2019 is full of them.Write now.153 vLARE BROS & CO0., Limited PRESTON, ONT.| To all farmers, Does your cows produce gs much milk as they should?No Then protect them from flies with 7 0 2 =7 AY Ei A ly i i =; ! = Ais, 2 7 LE Ld AN ta i Unrivalled for the cure of skin diseases, scurf, wounds of all sorts.Ask for our booklet on \u2018How to care for Milking Cows\u201d.THE SAPHO MIG.CO., Limited MONTREAL Department J.+ : 1-5) ve By ON Proc NN SSH N 2 (A) Wi nd $ om 6 k AP py, fed jo pp ON Vo j y he A gt L Avr j Ni A bit, Ae Sapo Wi, > 5 FOR USE ON ANIMALS.FOR HUMAN USE.Sprains, Broken Knees, Rheumatism, Sprains, Kitetmatism, Nore Throat.Lumbavo, Backache, Curbs, Sore Shoulder, Sore.Throat from Bruises, Splints when form- = e Udders of Cows not \u2018old, Slivht Cuts, inz, in Milk, Cold at the Chest, Cramp, E Sprung Sinews, For Sore Mouths in Neuralgia from Soreness of the Capped Hooks, Sheep and Lambs, Cold, limbs after exer.fi Uverreaches, For Foot Rot in Sheep, Chronic Bronchitis, cise, Bruises, Sprains in Iogs, slliman\u2019s added to the Bath is Cuts and Woands, Cramp in Birds, Beneficial.Elliman's Royal Embrocation.Elliman's Universal Embrocation.A ELLIMAN.SONS & CO,, SLOUGH, ENGLAND.Saas WILL BE FOUND IN ALL DRUG S10RES. THE JOURNAL OF AGRIOULTURE AND HORTICULTURE v = À Examination.If you are not convinced that the value cannot be matched, gl ci an > return them, at our expense.If you are pleased \u2014 and We KNOW you Nell 2 18 will be \u2014 pay the Express Agent the catalogue price and the Furs are bic bo Ï yours, Could anything be fairer ?CT i p a sub The Goat lliustrated Here No.208\u2014Man\u2019s Coat in Genuine Raccoon, very good quality, well matched skins, length 50 inches, shawl collar, quilted lining.$50 | Special : dE JL fe Rt ; reve veuves Neeser caucuo esses suesue vesoue tates stress entree senses see0un au, 5 e i \u2018 = CE I MIT ED.5 QUEBEC.CANADA a ER XY - FES PE ES ARE | \u2014 \\ OUR TEXT eas alaySurei its FOR SALE | NUPSORIETION io, Seysepery Laken Les are r how 1 ke $3 d : absolutely sure; wa ONE thoroughbred Jersey Cow, also vapers, magazines, books etc., french or furnish the work and teach you free; you work in thelocality one pure bred yearling heifer.english.W.R.WOOD, Turiffe, Ont.whe! live, Send y dd d in lof Rr eautiful the business fully: remember we guorantey a clear profit of $3 for avery Apply to JULES CAMBON, St.Hubert, day's work.absolutely sure, write at once.Chambly Co.Natural aud ROYAL MANUFACTURING C0, Box 1711, WINDSOR, ONT, Guaranteed \u2018St.Charles Herds Yorkshire Swine | manent position as salesman for ., FARMS WANTED.We \u2018have direct \\\\/E are now offering a very choice lot Hard - k.Franco-American Dental institute buyers.Don't pay commissions.Write | W of young stock of both sex.Boars | y Quebec grown Nursery Stoc ) describing property, naming lowest price.fit for service a speciality.We ship to) Complete selling outfit free.Write (INCORPORATED) e help buyers locate desirable property \u2018 order an guarantee satisfaction, pes- | - : .| Free.American Investment Association, | sonal inspection prefered.Address, WM.to-day for particulars.Canadian 162 St.Denis Street, Montreal.142 Palace Bldg., Minneapolis, Minn.+ TAIT, St.Laurent, Montreal.Nursery Co.Ltd.Montreal.| \u2018\u201cNOW'S YOUR CHANCE'\u2019.\u2014 Per- vi SRNR TRINNY A [ream Separator for Buiter Factories & Your Profits You take more interest in your own welfare than anybody else, or than you do in anybody\u2019s else.What you do, and how you do it determines your success or failure.If you skim milk with the genuine GREAM SEPARATOR Congratulations If you don\u2019t, send for catalog.The De Laval Separator Co 173-177 WiLLIAMS ST._\u2014 MONTREAL.PV AN COUVER =- WINNIPEG AGENTS EVERYWHERE D8 of the professional butter makers of the WORLD nse and endorse De Laval Cream Separators.Over 100,000 sold to date.EN RR NRG RR ORAS ERR NN NN ON RINK ?% # DE LAVAL # # (=] NOW IS THE TINE TO THINK ABOUT YOUR MAPLE SYRUP BUSINESS Consult any of your neighbors who have used the Champion \u2019\u2019 livaporator, and they will tell you to install yours before the snow is on the ground.Costs no more to buy now than in March.Write for free booklet.il Zi i de el \u2014 i = IS \u2018 AL oj === THE GRIMM MFG.CO.Ltd., 58 WILLINGTON STREET, MONTREAL, QUE.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE TO THE Ferch Speaking People of Cana and particularly those of Quebec, Nova-Scotia and New-Brunswick.We publish our Catalogue in French.We employ a staif that is largely French to look after the interests of our French Speaking Customers.We want French Speaking People all over Canada to look to this store as a place to do their shopping by mail.We want the French People of Quebec, Nova- Scotia & New-Brunswick particularly to look to this store as the one nearest 'to them of all the really big stores of Canada, because when we spent the millions of dollars that were necessary to give to the province of Quebec, a departmental store really worthy of it, we turned our minds to making Goodwins Limited the mail order centre of Eastern Canada.We are doing this.(1st) by offering remarkable values in both household and family needs (2nd) by prepaying all mail and express charges, (3rd) by guaranteeing you entire satisfaction or \u2018\u2018all\u2019\u2019 your money hack, (4th) by promising prompt service and precise attention to your orders.Now we want you to do just one thing \u2014 send in your name for our French catalogue, but send to-day, right now before you forget it.LT vs Sry ae ABONNEMENTS | DE LA MODE TE FORE TS\" - f'emne ss.FOR 50c A.YEAR vi YOU ARE INTITLED: to 12 colored fashion books, large size 14 x 10.20 illustrated pages.40 to 50 styles, new patterns every month.For information on fashion, fitting, hair dressing, hats, etc.Patterns\u2019 description in English and French.Address REVUE DE LA MODE, Dept.5.- Canada.Montreal, DEEE PER De PAST RE rates ake { je it ane, Ÿ 3 PETE, ET I a 7 | Is The Most Satisfaciory Washer i | Ever Placed On The Canadian Market B Last year, Maxwell\u2019s \u2018Champion\u2019 was the recognized leader of all high speed washing machines.This year, we have put the final touch to it, and offer you the ideal machine, that includes every \u2018important improvement kuown to modern washers.Maxwell's \u201cChampion® has the largest opening of any washing machine.As you can see, the Wringer attachment 15 at the side, and practically the whole top of the washeropens up.This makes it easy to put in and take out clothes.No other washer has this feature.No other wusher can be worked with crank handle as well as top lever In design, finish and appearance\u2014in ease and quickness\u2014 in service and dur ability \u2014 Maxwell's \u2018Champion\u2019 is the peer of them all.If H your dealer dues not hand'e it, write us for illustrated catalogue.DAVID MAXWELL & SONS, ST BIARY'S, ONT.Have better bufter, Use | Maxwell's\u2018\u2018Favourite\u201dChurn.; Recommended by best butter makers the world over, More of them used in Canada qT ; | ; a thananyother.All sizes from ¥4 to 30 gallons ol Bh Arr TEE SE Déc EE rer aN RT A oT TE el aE AR 1 A wh am wt ham MA ete tr + fs ni né gs Los, vais: Wf ren véto Whiz, VOL, 15 _ NO.+ \u2014 - - P.- -\u2014 a ee.T7 » A 0 i gis {it ite pitt! ues] fl A J vu \u2018 race fn Sr Ar i.#4 4 i 4 \u2018 ; 4 N ; pe\u201d , parte.gt?\\W WY; : ue 1 rd \u201cet wt a \u2014 CL eh > x .ee oi re a ce \u201cet Wy NE \u201cQu * Da Saas te, oaireabf 0 th wh Zid U , \u201cOCTOBER 1st.1911, Che Jo sural of Agriculture aud Storticulture \u201c The Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture \u2019\u2019 is the official organ of the Council of Agriculture of the Province of Quebec.It is issued monthly and is designed to include not only in name, but in fact, anything concerned with Agriculture in the various branches of Stock-Raising, Fruit-Growing, Dairying, Poultry-Raising, ete.All matters relating to the reading columns of the Journal must be addressed to Trof.W.Lochhead, Macdonald College, P.O., P.Q.For rates of advertisements, etc., address the Publishers.THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO., LTD.73 & 75 St, James St., Montreal.Subscription : Canada, $1.00 per Annum, payable in advance, \u201c United States, $1.50 *¢ \u201c s \u2018f Foreign lands, $1.50 c \u201c CONTENTS EDITORIAL.\u2014 The Meaning of Autumn ; Fall Plowing ; Agricultural Instruction at the Fair ; Paint Brush in Vermont; Wanton Destruction of Birds; Child Welfare Exhibit ; Can our Fairs be made better.ORCHARD AND GARDEN.\u2014 A glass-house which any farmer may have ; Demonstration work in Horticulture at the Quebec Exhibition ; Horticultural Products at Exhibitions in Quebec Province ; The Meeting of the Pomological Society at Inverness ; Demonstration Orchards ; The Small Fruit Plantation ; FARM AND FARM CROPS.\u2014 Where the Paint Brush Grows ; Harvesting and storing the root crop ; The Quebec Exhibition ; At the Provincial Fair; Good Plowing; How to thresh clover ; How to apply manure ; The Philosopher about the Farm; Prize winners in Quebec Field Crop Competition ; Club Root in Turnips ; LIVE STOCK.\u2014 Registration of French-Canadian Horses ; Canadian National Exhibition ; Sherbrooke Fair ; County Fair Reports ; Judging Competitions ; DAIRY.\u2014 The Quebec Cooperative Cheese-Makers Society ; Dairy Competition ; Registration of Factories ; The Dangers of Cooperation ; How to get the Highest Prices for Cheese & Butter ; Brie Cheese ; Quebec Cheese-Makers Cooperative Society\u2019s sales.POULTRY.\u2014 Seasonable Notes ; A Boy's Idea of a duck.WOMEN\u2019S WORLD.\u2014 Child Welfare; The teeth ; Ventilation in cold weather ; OF GENERAL INTEREST.\u2014 The Passing of the Professor.NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS Subscribers and members of agricultural societies, of farmers\u2019 clubs, and of the Provincial Dairymen\u2019s Association, who do not regularly receive either the English or the French Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture are requested to address their complaints to the Secretaries of their respective Societies, who will transmit them to the Secretary of the Council of Agriculture at Quebec.a Editorial FR EEE, THE MEANING OF AUTUMN There are many persons who cannot look upon the outside world of Nature in Autumn without feelings of depression and sadness.To them\u2014 \u201c\u201cThe melancholy days have come, The saddest of the year.\u201d The abundance of life of Summer is replaced by the \u2018\u2018 sere and yellow leaf\u2019\u2019 of declining activities.The glory of the Summer with its deep green foliage and sweet singing birds has departed, the trees stand out like bare skeletons of their former selves, and the October winds scatter the dead leaves that rustle as they pass.But while the October curfew gives forth doleful sounds of a dying year there may also he heard distinctly the brighter tones of a new life that is to reveal itself after the rest of winter.While there is much dying there is also much life.Autumn is an ebb life and rather than an end.The branches that are shedding their leaves are already covered with buds, and the ripened fruits are scattering their seeds \u2014 the beginnings of a more abundant life next year.Work and rest alternate in Nature in the tide of as with man himself.The plants have been making and storing food ali summer, and now they rest from their labors.And what a preparation they make for their winter's rest ! Before the leaves fall all that is useful, to the plant is withdrawn, so.that there is literally \u2018\u2018beauty for ashes'\u2019.During the retreat of the valuable substances the color of the leaf changes from day to day.Who has not admired the gorgeous autumn landscape of variegated colors with its scarlets and browns and golds ?No artist has been able to paint truly the picture.Autumn is surpassingly beautiful in its passing, and who would care to have it left out of his life ?\u2018the average of four marks a new beginning \u2018the heavier lands FALL PLOWING.The article with the above title, contributed by Prof.Klinck to our last issue is of such outstanding practical importance that we desire to beg for it a second reading.Note especially the importance attached to early seeding.\u2014 © AU the small grains, with the exception of the field pea, should be seeded in the spring AS SOON AS THE GROUND CAN BE WORKED TO ADVANTAGE\".The hours of early spring are much too precious to be wasted on the plowing which should, and could, have been done in the fall.Note the effect of one week\u2019s delay in seeding.Spring wheat sown as early as the ground was fit t« he worked yielded 8.43 BUSHELS more per acre, and oats 8.82 BUSHELS more per acre than the same grains sown ONE WEEK later.And this wus no chance occurrence.These figures are years\u2019 experience on the Macdonald College lands at Ste.Anne de Bellevue.The moral is obvious.fall plowing.Lose steadily at it until you are stopped Push the no time.Keep it is done, or by the frost.Plow first now that the autumn rains have come, so that if any of this work is unavoidably left over until spring it may be upon the lighter soils which benefit less from the action of frost.Plow deep.The deeper the seed .bed the greater the facilities for root growth, and the better the chance for a vigorous growth of the plant.Plow straight and even.Good plowing is the basis of good cultivation, the foundation stone of all good agriculture.A good plowman has just reason to be proud of his accomplishment.Skill in plowing deserves public encouragement.The plowing match should be one of the important events of the fall season in all rural communities.We are iY told that hardly a student comes to Macdonald College with a knowledge of the proper way to lay out and finish a ridge, If this is true it does not speak well for the home training of the boys.Plowing isa subject or rather an art, which cannot be taught effectively in the class room.It must be learnt in the field.And field instruction in plowing is not practicable at College\u2014 on account of the limitations of time, land, and equipment.[Klsewhere in this issue we give Mr.Fixter\u2019's directions for laying out and finishing.T.et the boys practise them, and give these boys, as well as the experienced hands, a chance to show their powers in a plowing match, These fundamental principles of fall plowing in the couplet: Plow early, plow late ; Plow deep and plow straight.may be summed up AGRICULTURAL INSTRUCTION AT THE FAIRS.of deserves, A phase the fall fair question and begining to receive, attention, is the opportunity offered by exhibitions for the in- the publie in improved which is struction of agrienltural methods.Practical demonstrations of agricultural, dairying, and, operations, new we inay add, of houschold not to advertise machinery but to teach the to do things well, form made people how an attractive feature of the fair as well us a useful one.Such demonstrations, properly conducted, can and do hold their own in competition with the amusement features.Again, competitions designed specially for voungz people will bear nore valuable and important fruit, than those in whieh only mature exhibitors stond a chance of winning.Among the fairs of this province, Provincial Exhibition at in accorded de- the instructive exhibits of this class were.\u2014 (1) the fruit-growing tions of Mr.Hortiecuiturist this year's Quebec has set a the monstrations.rood example prominence to Among demonstra- Solyme Roy, Provincial (more fully described by Prof.Biair is another column ot our present issue) (2) the clover demonstrations of Messrs.Coté of the Dominion Seed Commissioner's Office, and Fixter of Macdonald College; and (59 the stable ventilation, hee- Keeping, aud poultry exhibits of the Quebee l°xberimentat Union.The 1nost ambitious of these exhibits was the model poultry yard of the Ioxperimental which was under the enercetic and efficient Bro.Liguori of La complete poultry yard incubators, brooders, colony houses, fattening cages, etc.Union, management of Trappe.À comprising 1 Was set up and operated on the exhibition rounds, Abont three hundred pullets and cockerels were brought from ments were made cubators were kept Oka, and arrange- by which the in- supplied with | | THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE hatching eggs throughout the exhibition.Demonstrations in caponiz- ing, killing, dressing, and packing were given by Oka students, and frequent conferences were held by Bro.Liguori, The attractiveness of this exhibit was so obvious that Bro.Liguori was besieged with requests to repeat the exhibit at other fairs.fqually attractive and instructive was the Union's apicultural exhibit.ven the most experienced bhee-keeper finds a glass hive interesting, for it is a rare privilege to see the undisturbed bees at their work.The Dadant hive, designed for the outdoor wintering of bees, must also have been a revelation to many.Such demonstrations, of course, involve some expenditure of money.But they are well worth all they cost, and the increased attendance which such attractions, properly advertised, will bring will compensate to a certain extent for the outlay.Lectures such as were given this year by Macdonald College men\u2014Mr.Elford on poultry at Compton and Shawville, and hy Mr.Cutler on Soil Tertility at Bedford \u2014 are not without value, but the impressions produced by practical demonstrations \u2018vary are obviously more vivid and more permanent.And as an attraction, one demonstration is worth a dozen or more lectures.Demonstrations in certain kinds of household work might also be given.We are told that the exhibits of home-preserved fruits at some of our fairs reveal a re- grettahle ignorance of the best methods of canning.This is a class of work in which demonstrations could be very conveniently given, and no doubt much good would result.In the matter of competitions for young people, the Sherbrooke and.Huntingdon fairs have taken the very best initial step in establishing awards for the judging of live At Sherbrooke the competitions have been extended to include grain and potatoes.Great interest has been taken in these competitions, and it is worthy of consideration whether something further could not be done in the same direction.With very little expense competitions for children could be organized in the Collection and naming of weeds and weed seeds, and in the identification and judging of varieties of apples.Prizes for such things would be of far more value than those for collections of souvenir post-cards or of postage stamps.stock.We trust that in the planning of future fairs more and more thought may be given by the directors to the educational features of the exhibition, both those for adults and those for children.& 7 PAINT BRUSH IN VERMONT.As a large portion of Northern Vermont is now badly infested with Paint Brush, we wrote to the Director of the Vermont Agricultu- simple a | less ral Station to find out what ! measures have been taken in that state to control the pest.In reply he states that fifteen years ago his Station advised, and also strongly advocated, the application of salt at the rate of 11-2 tons jer \u2018acre to the plants when they first begin to get a foothold (See also Bul.56, Vt., 1897).The experience of recent years has not led him to to any extent the recommendations given at that time.The Director says that in spite of the strong efforts made to get the farmers to adopt this simple remedy they did not wake up to the situation until it was too late.The fact that few farmers will apply the remedy at the right time, he says, makes the salt treatment an impracticable one.He does not state what other remedies are being applied.It is recommended that the salt be applied dry, scattered broadcast so as to reach the leaves of all plants.A ton and a half of salt per acre has been found beneficial to grass, nearly doubling its yield.In our inquiry in the Eastern Townships we failed to find a single farmer who had tried the salt treatment.In fact it was not.looked upon with any degree of confidence, for what reason we could not ascertain.Perhaps it was too remedy for the average farmer.We hope next spring to try the ox- periment in several localities, and to find out if salt is really effective.WANTON DESTRUCTION OF BIRDS.September 11th, no than twenty men were fined $4.and costs each for shooting birds in the suburbs of the city of Montreal on the preceding day.Sixty birds were found in their possession and many more were thrown away into the bushes as the men fled from the officers of the On Monday, law.According to the Montreal Witness,\u2014 \u201cAll of the sixty birds found in possession of the prisoners were of the insectivorous class, robins, yellow hammers, woodpeckers, and meadow larks, and some were so small they were of no value whatever\u2019\u2019, (that is to say of no value dead) .\u2018In excuse for their conduct many of the men asserted that they were utterly ignorant of the law in the matter, and had no wilful intention of violating it.\u201d These were, of course, city men who had no immediate interest in the preservation of bird life.But even among our country boys a knowledge of the importance of birds as allies of the farmer is sadly lacking.We remember being one of a party of men conveyed in a farmer's wagon one summer evening from Lesage station, near Shawbridge, a few miles into the country.The party were mostly French Cana- | | dians, and probably mostly city \"men going out to spend the week end in the Laurentians.When an owl was sighted on the roadside one of the party whipped out a revolver and took several shots at the bird.The farmer made no protest, and was apparently as desirous of the success of the shooter as any of the party.Indeed the editor was the only one of the party who rejoiced at the fortunate escape of the farmer\u2019s feathered friend.A Wisconsin orchardist recently had the value of the owl impressed upon him by a bitter experience.We quote the incident from \u2018\u2018The Canadian Farm\u2019.\u201c\u201c This grower had, by care and painstaking work, succeeded in bringing his apple orchard up to a point where it was capable of yielding fruit valued at $8,000 a year, only to have the trees girdled by mice and practically destroyed in one winter.Nailed up on the or- chardist\u2019s barn door was the carcass of an owl which he had shot and put up as a warning to other owls to keep at a distance.After his orchard was destroyed by mice he applied to the agricultural anthor- ities of his state for a remedu.The expert sent to investizate cut open the stomach of the owl's carcass nailed to the barn door, and to the astonishment of the farmer showed him the remains of nine field mice, which the ow had destroyed.This orchardist by destroying owls and such like birds which prey upon mice, had made it easy for the mice to multiply and finally destroy his trees\u2019.There is evidently need for a vigorous campaign for the education of our men and hoys upon this subject, and nowhere more than in the Province of Quebec.We would commend it to our agricultural societies as a subject for discussion at their winter meetings.And especially would we urge upon the individual farmer and upon the school teacher to neglect no opportunity of instructine boys and girls as to the relation of birds to predaccous mammals, havoc our gardens.the insects and which work s\u2018ech fields, orchards, and in CHYLD WELFARE EXHIBIT.In the Chicago exhibit being cities of New York and during this year a great has been held, the purpose to bring forcibly to the notice of the people the conditions surrounding the children, and the means taken to promote their welfare.Now comes an announcement that Boston, St.Louis rin the United States and Montreal in Canada are to have similar exhibits.The Montreal exhibit will be held in October.Montreal has problems peculiar to itself, and the exhibit will be in both French and English.Montreal heads the list of the great cities of North America in having the highest deathrate of | children under five years, 54.92 per cent.and Brooklyn arm a THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 71 I Slum districts are forming that rectly informed, nearly one hundred we doubt if more could be gained BE A bid fair to rival any in the old thousand children were in attendance than lost by requiring the name to ew * world.It is interesting in connec- on Children\u2019s Day at the recent Ex-|appear on the entry card.Certainly % The Garden wo tion with this exhibit to see the hibition.some consideration is due to the! nie : : .: : : - we good-will with which the various | Possibly even some concessions in spectator in this connection.x ano Orchard = organizations are uniting to make it the admission price for adults at) Whether horse-racing should be ban-| %& - we widespread and forceful.Sherbrooke might be good policy.[ished or not, it is certain that in| \"gx ppp pt pb dofd pi Some of the social and will also show how they are trying by united effort strength to the undertaking.Representatives are on the executive from the City Improvement League, Association Saint-Jean-Baptiste, Federation Nationale Saint-Jean-Bap- tiste, Local Council of Women, St.Patrick\u2019s Society, Baron de Hirsch Society, and Charity Organization Society.Montreal with its rapidly increasing population offers many problems for solution and it is good to see the French and English joining enthusiastically in an exhibit that aims at awakening an interest in one of our great national tasks, the education and the welfare of the young children, J.M.CAN OUR FAIRS BE MADE BETTER ?Fully realizing how much easier it is to find fault with things as they are than to make them better, we are nevertheless going to offer some criticisms and suggestions in reference to our Quebec fairs, in the hope that they will receive kind and serious consideration at the hands of those in charge.The directors of our fairs should be, and we trust are, ever on the alert to discover means of increasing both the attractiveness and the usefulness of the annual events which they have the honor and responsibility of conducting.And the closer their sympathy with both the exhibitor and the spectator, the more satisfactorily will they be able to perform their duties.We feel confident, therefore, that our remarks will be regarded as friendly, and not censorious.In another editorial we touch upon the educational opportunities afforded by our fairs, and make some suggestions for expansion along this line.To what we have said there we would add that every encouragement should be given to children of school age to attend the local fair and to make profitable use of the time spent there.The admission price for children should be made very low.The charge of 25c made at Sherbrooke, and that with an age limit of 12 years, is absurdly high.The Toronto Fair authorities have for years followed the commendable practice of setting apart a special day for children, when the admission price is reduced to something like five cents a head.The programme for the day is planned with the children\u2019s needs and tastes in view, and it is a great day for the young hopeful of the Queen City, and the surrounding country.If we are cor- agencies re- Whether a lower presented on the executive will show price is practicable we cannot the general character of the interest Some system of season tickets or to give creased profits as well as increased ! | | general admission say.family tickets might result in in- attendance.At Toronto, where the general rate is only twenty-five cents, the Management has for some gears permitted the sale of tickets at six for one dollar.They would scarcely continue this if they did not find it profitable.Some such experiment in club rates would at least be worth trying.Those in charge of the Huntingdon Fair are to be particularly commended for the attention paid to the interests of the spectators.They have evidently made up their minds that the visitors to their fair shall be in a position to use their time to good advantage.It is hardly to be expected that many managements will follow them to the length of excluding all horse-racing and side-shows.But all might well adopt their plan of printing a definite programme for the judging of the live stock so that visitors may be able to view the judging of the classes in which they are most interested.One of our correspondents who ~sited many fairs this fall was struck by the contrast between this admirably conducted show and some of the others, where the directors themselves had not decided in what order the different classes were to be shown, and events stood still while they debated.The one-day fair, especially, requires thorough organization to make it successful.Indeed we doubt whether the one-day fair can he made a real success without more expert management than is commonly available.To have the indoor exhibits arranged and judged in time for the visitors to have a look at them is an exceedingly difficult problem.We have heard of one instance this fall where the building was not thrown open to the pub- | lic until half-past three o\u2019clock, and ! at four the exhibitors began to re: move thei: exhibits.A fair that | treats its visitors with so little consideration is not likely to attract great attendance.And yet who will be bold enough to blame a director for having failed to get the exhibitors and judges to complete thei: work in the narrow limit of time available for it ?It is the system\u2019 that is at fault.The practice of excluding the name of the exhibitor, not only from the entry card but also from the prize ticket is from the spectator\u2019s point of view to be condenined.Thers may be some advantage in omitting the name from the entry card.It is pos sible that in some instances the name might affect the award.But unless the Management makes provision to have the name of the exhibitor promptly entered on the prize ticket most of our fairs the light horse is accorded undue prominence, as compared with his heavier brother.At an agricultural exhibition as distinguished from a horse show the emphasis should be laid upon the type of horse that is most useful upon the farm.The Shefford Fair authorities this year demonstrated that a contest between draught horses is feasible and arouses much interest.Unanimity should be attained in the manner of reckoning the ages of calves.In the dairy breeds, where cows are to be shown in a freshened condition, their last %ear's calves cannot also be shown if the age is reckoned to the actual date of the fair.Some fairs have adopted the plan of dating the ages of all calves from August 1st.This permits the calf of the preceding year to be entered in the calf class.Some object to this as unfair to the spring calf, which is thus obliged to show against animals of thirteen or four-, teen months.Which system is freest, from objection we are not prepared | to say, but a general understanding should be reached and adhered to.Could this not be attained by a decision of the Council of Agriculture ?Exhibitors making false entries should be summarily dealt with.We have heard of instances of potatoes! of one variety being graded and the various grades entered as separate varieties, and of spring barley being shown for winter barley.Competent judges have no difficulty in detecting such palpable frauds.But the punishment should be severe enough to discourage such dishonest \u2018\u2018smartness\u2019\u2019.A rule to exclude all the exhibits of an exhibitor detected in any fraud would have a wholesome effect.A GLASSHOUSE \u2018WHICH ANY FARMER MAY HAVE.The modern greenhouse, artifically heated, is an extremely valuable adjunct to a market garden.The profits per acre are large.This is readily seen when one takes a glance at the winter tomato crop at Macdonald College, and realizes that they are worth 20c.per pound.When looking at such a crop we sometimes forget the patient effort necessary for its development day to day; the necessary attention which must be given to heating, watering, ventilating, fumigating, shading, and the thousand and one little operations which go to make up the daily routine of the market gardener\u2019's work, That which we are most likely to forget, however, is the initial cost of such a plant.The cost is great.So great is it, that we hesitate to recommend it to the busy farmer folk, desirable and profitable as it surely is.from To the general farmer and to the market gardener, whose business is not a large one, we recommend the glasshouse or unheated greenhouse.Such a house is here shown.This house was built on the government farm at Truro about three years ago, for the purposes of showing the farmer boys that a few feet of glass might be enjoyed by all, and that it was really necessary on every farm.For the purpose for which it was built it has worked admirably.This house is 20 feet long and 15 feet wide.The height at ridge is 10 ft., with 6 ft.posts on north A BENCH OF LETTUCE, SHOWING S1X WEEKS GROWTH WITHOUT HE AT. THRE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE A GLASSHOUSE ANY FARMER MAY HAVE.ride, and 2 ft., 8 in.on the south side.The rafters on the north slope are 6 ft.long, boarded and shingled.The part of the roof next the ridge is hinged, and used as a ventilator.This is about 18 inches wide.The south slope of 12 feet is of glass with wooden sash bars.The ends are partly of glass.The rest of the house is boarded singly and battoned.The door is wide enough to admit a wheel barrow.Inside the house is a bench 2 1-2 ft.wide, under the south wall.The walk is 2 ft., wide.A hot bed is placed in centre 6 ft., wide and 2 1-2 ft., high.18 to 20 inches of manure and several inches of earth may be used in this, and the ordinary hot bed sash used as a cover.On the north wall are two shelves wide enough to hold ordinary seed flats.The cost of material for this building did not exceed $65.00.To many farmers who gave cheap lumber and some spare time the cost would be much less.The possibilities of such a house are very great.The hot bed in centre is doubly protected and any desirable temperature may be maintained there in March.This has been found to be a most excellent place for starting tomatoes, celery, ete.By the time the plants are large enough to remove from bed, the flats are ready to care for them; and the shelves are there for that purpose.A few melons and cucumbers do well here, as soon as the hot bed is cleared of other plants.Lettuce is a cool weather plant and that side bench will give you a most excellent crop of lettuce in early spring and another in the Autumn.The accompanying cut shows a fall crop of six weeks growth planted six weeks before Thanksgiving.This crop sold for 60e., per doz., Or $9.00 for the bench.Under this bench Rhubarb may he forced and the profits of the house in this way.much increased This kind of house is very popular in the Maritime provinces.Some are large, comparing favorably with the modern greenhouse, and are found to he satisfactory for the purpose for which they are used.E.M.STRAIGHT, Macdonald College.DEMONSTRATION WORK IN HORTICULTURE AT THE QUEBEC EXHIBITION The department of through its Solymus Agriculture able representative, Mr.Roy, Provincial Horticulturist, did effective demonstration work at the Quebec Exhibition in showing visitors at the fair how to prepare and apply spray mixtures ; recognize various insect pests and fungous diseases, and apply proper remedies; the kind of nursery stock to buy and how to plant it; and how to grade and pack fruit in barrels and boxes.Apple trees were shown of various grades, pruning tools were used on specimens provided for such demonstration work, and the importance of doing thorough work well illustrated.Mr.Roy was assisted by one of the assistants of the horticultural department of the La Trappe Agricultural School.At stated periods lectures were given on various phases of orchard practice.Apple packing in barrels and boxes was a particularly good feature of this work.A spacious tent was provided in a central place on the grounds, and judging from the many people who availed themselves of this opportunity of getting good practical information much good will result.The department of Agriculture has adopted a wise and progressive policy in regard to this, as with other lines of agricultural educational work, and it is to be hoped that similar work will be conducted in the future.W.-S.BLAIR.HORTICULTURAL PRODUCTS AT EXHIBITIONS IN QUEBEC PROVINCE.Quebec Provincial Exhibition, The Provincial exhibition at Quebec City, Aug.28th to Sept.2nd, is held too early to secure a good exhibit of some of the leading Quebec apples.Fameuse and McIntosh Red, two of the standard apples for this Province are, on average seasons, not far enough advanced to make a creditable display.This season, however, is unique in that apples, grapes, plums etc., are about 10 days in advance of other years in reaching maturity.This in a measure accounts.for the excellent display of apples at the Quebec exhibition at this early date.The season also has been favourable for the development of spot-free apples.Freedom from this disease is due no doubt to the extremely dry early summer with much less than the usual atmospheric humidity.The Exhibit of apples at Quebec was large and the fruit generally was good.In the single plates class some exceptionally fine Duchess.Wealthy, St.Lawrence, Alexander, Russets and Wolf River were shown.The McIntosh Red and Fameuse entries were not large but the fruit shown was well grown and well colored.There were several collections all of which were creditable, the prizes going principally to Rouville Co., growers.Two orchardists from Rougemont, Mr Chs.Levesque and Mr.Paquette, carried off a good share of the prizes in apples.The exhibit of European plums was not large.European plums generally in this province failed to set fruit, altho showing considerable bloom, due no doubt to injuries to the pistil while still dormant during the winter.There was a fair show of | .Americana sorts such as De Sota, a\u201d SI EE D A \u2014\u2014\u2014 + a J THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE CUCUMBERS GROWING IN GREENHOUSE AT MACDONALD COLLEGE.Cheney and Hawkeye.The pears were few in number but excellent specimens.The Flemish Beauty Variety was most in evidence and is without doubt the most valuable variety for this Province.An interesting feature of the fruit exhibit was the demonstration exhibit that was .shown from the sections where demonstration orchards are located.Five boxes of well-graded and well-packed apples were forwarded by the executive of each of the demonstration orchards at the request of the Provincial Department of Agriculture.This added much to the attractivness of the fruit display, and the department is to be congratulated on having this exhibit put up.Many visitors expressed surprise that such apples could be grown in the Province, and it would seem that the staging of such exhibits is extremely desirable if we wish to advertise the possibilities of this Province in fruit production.The exhibit of vegetables was unusually good.The vegetable sections around Quebec city evidently have not suffered from the extremely dry weather prevailing in many other parts of the Province.The celery was exceptionally good and there is no good reason why celery should be imported into this province to supply our markets.Climatic conditions in sections bordering on the St.Lawrence below Quebec are such that the celery of the finest quality can be cheaply produced.Irrigation is not necessary to produce crisp stalks and the temperature is more suitable than in other sections of the province.The Charlesbourg vegetable growers carried off the majority of prizes.The exhibits of collection of vegetables which were arranged in a conspicuous place in one end of the main building was a feature of much interest.It was rather difticult to decide as to which of the three exhibitors should have first place.The exhibit put up by the Hon.C.- E.Dubord\u2019's gardener was neatly arranged, and while not as extensive as that put up by the two Charles- bourg exhibitors had a slightly better quality of produce and was awarded first place.Many of the first prizes for vegetables went to the gardener who has charge of Hon.C.-E.Dubord's extensive vegetable farm at Beauport, Que.The exhibit of flowering plants and cut flowers was not large, nor was it well staged.This was due to no fault of the exhibitors.The first place set apart for the fruit and flower show was a tent which unfortunately was blown down soon after the exhibits bad been arranged, which made it necessary to remove the exhibits to more suitable quarters.The flowers however were badly damaged, and as a result the display was anything but satisfactory.There were some good pot plants but the cut hloom was poor.It is to be hoped that in the future more attention will be given to this important exhibit and a suitable place for staging the exhibits be provided.SHERBROOKE EXHIBITION, \u2018\u201c Is this exhibit from British Co- lumhia?\u2019\u2019 was the remark frequently heard from visitors entering the fruit building at Sherbrooke.Why B.C., should be on their mind was due to an exhibit put up in the main building at the fair by a progressive real estate firm dealing in B.C., fruit lands.Their exhibit was attractive in size but the fruit exhibited did not show up B.C.to very great advantage.That Quebec Province can produce fruit equal to that of any province in the Dominion, of certain standard} varieties, was clearly demonstrated by the excellent fruit display at Sherbrooke.It would be well if more attention in the future is given at our principal fairs to the displaying of attractive fruit exhibits in a conspicuous place in the principal building, thus advertising the possibilities of the Province as an apple growing country.The apple exhibit was the best ever shown in the Province.The fruit was uniformly good.The Duchess, Wealthy, Bethel, St.Lawrence, Fameuse, Alexander, Golden Russet and Blue Pearmain were particularly well grown, The competition was particularly close between two exhibitors from Cowansville, Mr.Johnston and Mr.Hall.These exhibits show care in selection and handling and were a credit to the province.In best collection Mr.Johnston was first, with Mr.Hall a close second.Mis- sisquoi Co., is well suited to apple growing, many varieties succeeding there that do not do well in many other parts of the Province.The exhibit of plums and pears was not large but good in quality.Abbottsford and Rougemont were represented by apples packed in boxes for export.In some cases the fruit was poorly graded, and the pack slack.A tight pack can only be secured by using well graded fruit, and unless the pack is tight the box is not suitable for export.The attractive wrappers used by the Fregeau Brothers, Rougemont, were a commendable feature of their exhibit.The vegetable exhibit was not as large as one would expect.The potato exhibit was not large but 73 uniform and of good appearance.The vegetable collections were not large nor well arranged as compared with the Quebec or Richmond Fairs, There were excellent specimens of cabbage, celery, onions, melons and various root vegetables.Sherbrooke always puts up a good flower show, in fact, the best by all odds of any provincial exhibition.The entries in the \u2018\u2018pot plants\u2019\u2019 class were large and the quality of the stock good.In cut flowers it would be difficult to get together a better grown collection.The sweet peas were exceptionally good.A suitable building is provided for this exhibit and the plants are well staged, the exhibitor having a good opportunity to display his stock to the best advantage, RICHMOND EXHIBITION.The exhibit of horticultural products at the Richmond County Fair indicates that this part of the Province is well adapted to the growing of all sorts of horticultural products of the finest quality.The large display of vegetables all of which were well grown brought out keen competition in many classes.There were some exceedingly well grown Montreal melons, onions and celery.The potato exhibit was not large but excellent in quality.In awarding the prize for best collection of vegetables the two competitors in this class were complimented on the excellence of their display.The judge while giving full credit for attractiveness of arrangement awarded first place to the exhibit showing the best grown products.Both exhibits were nicely arranged, the second prize collection, however, was unusually attractive and did great credit to the two young ladies who put up the display.The apple exhibit was much superior to that shown at previous exhibitions.There were many entries, considering the smallness of prize money offered.The single plate exhibits of Alexander, Wealthy, Fameuse, Golden Russet, Bethel, Blue Pearmain, McIntosh Red and St.Lawrence were excellent, and would do credit at any fruit show.The collections were large with several competitors.Judging from this exhibit more attention should be given to apple growing as a commercial proposition in Richmond Co., the country being evidently well adapted to the growing of a high class product.Certainly better colored and more perfect fruit of the varieties shown could not be produced.Samples of Moore\u2019s Early, Campbell\u2019s Early, and Delaware grapes well matured were exhibited.There were some fine plates of Flemish Beauty pears.There were some interesting collections of seedling apples shown, none of which, however, were better than existing well known varicties The exhibit of flowering plants and cut bloom was large and well stiged, making in all a very attractive display of well grown plants, show- ing that no little attention is given 74 to this important phase of horticulture at this exhibition.As is the case at all exhibitions attended in the Province the name of the prize winner is not marked on the prize card and the visitor has no way of telling who the exhibitor is.Such a practice is a great mistake as much more interest be taken in the display were the exhibitor written prize card.There seems to reason why this informa- not be given on the would the name of on the be no good tion should prize card.ABBOTSFORD FRUIT EXHIBITION.The Abbotsford Fruit Association held their annual hibition on the 6th Sept.There were a large number of entries in the single Growers\u2019 ex- plate class of apples.The exhibits were all excellent and a better showing of uniformly good fruit could not be expected.A striking feature of all fruit exhibits this year is the high colour of the fruit, and the Abbotsford grown fruit was certainly ideal in this respect.Mr.Chas.Fisk, Mr.W.R.Honey, and Mr.15.18.Buzzell carried off a good share of the prizes.The vegetable large but average excellent flowering hibited as well as cut flowers.Other departments were well represented and the exhibit throughout was creditable.exhibit was not in quality.Some plants were ex- The prizes for best weed collection, with seeds of each, given by Dr G.M.Byers, Montreal, were captured by Miss Winifred M.Honey, first, and Miss Helen Lovett 2nd.Such exhibits are instructive feature of an exhibi- much interest in through tion, and various weeds has been created collections, proving of cational value to the community.It would be for exhibitions generally to offer prizes for sinrilar exhibits.these great edu- advisable ROUVILLE COUNTY FAIR.The above exhibition held at Rou- gemont brought together a great number of people from all parts of the County.The space given up to fruits and vegetables was not large the were small, whieh no for the The fruit prizes offered doubt accounts of exhibits.and limited number exhibit while not as large as one would expect to find in this fruit county was excellent in quality.The standard varieties were well re presented by well grown specimens of good colour.The Fameuse, McIntosh Red, Wealthy, Blue Pearmain and St.Lawrence were especially good.The fairly good arranged collections.The quality of these produets is not as high as one would like to see, but doubt due to the extremely weather prevailing during the summer in this section.There were some excellent speci mens of house plants in pots and a fair collection of cut flowers,\u2014 in all a very creditable show.A notable feature of this exhibition was the great Interest taken exhibits of vegetables were with several nicely this is ne dry THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE in the various exhibits by those in attendance, and it would seem possible to very much increase the value of such exhibitions by offering larger prizes in the different horti- | | | | cultural classes, thus bringing together better and larger exhibits.Ww.S.B.THE MEETING OF THE POMO- LOGICAL SOCIETY AT INVERNESS.Meetings well attended ; Practical Talks and Demonstrations in the Orchard; Successful Exhibition of Fruit, Flowers, and Vegetables.The Annual Summer the Quebec Pomological at Inverness, Megantic Aug.29-30, is now some way in the past, but its influence for the good of Horticulture in the Province of Quebec will be felt many years hence.The weather was ideal; the country looked at its best; and the speakers were anxious to help.These factors coupled with the fact tLat the people were the \u2018\u2018kindest\u2019\u2019 aud the most \u2018\u2018eager\u2019\u2019 that we have met, resulted in the most successful meeting that the Society has enjoyed.Perhaps the most noticeable hing connected with the meeting was Lhe clock-like precision with which everything had been arranged for.Trams were waiting at the station to take the delegates to their destination dinner and tea were generously provided by the ladies; implements tor orchard demonstration work at hand; the excellent town hall of Inverness in readiness for tue use of the Society; and the people out in number \u2014 attentive, eager, Lelpiul.It was not difficult to know Meeting of Society, held County, on \u2018the \u2018why\u2019, after one better knew the | President, the Rev.H.A.))ickson cf | Rectory Hill.This man had worked .\u201c ! like a Trojan to convince \u2018is people that Inverness was ell suited for orchard work, and the tnking of Summer Meeting to that locality was part of his plan.The afternoon of the 29th was given over to demonstration work in Mr.Dickson\u2019s orchard at Rectory Hill.The freedom of the \u2018irees from insects and fungi demonstrated the care of the man; and the :nmad of fruit showed that apples coutd be grown there, and of most excellent quality.Prof.Crow of the O.A.C.Guelph, Prof.Macoun of Ottawa, and others were thoroughly at home in the Demonstration.Such processes as \u2018budding\u2019, \u2018\u2018graîting\u2019\u2019, *\u2018pruning\u2019\u2019, were performed and explained.The evening meetings were given over to addresses by the leading ex- berts of the Dominion, including Professor Lochhead of Macdonald College, Professor Macoun of Ottawa, Professor Crow of the O.A.C., Guelph, and the Deputy-Minister of Agriculture.Professor Blair of Macdonald College, owing to pressure of work, was present only short time, These addresses were of practical nature and the discussions that followed were helpful and enjoyed by everyone.The exhibition of fruit, flowers, and vegetables, was noteworthy.It was quite evident that the people had been the victims of apple tree agents.Any standard apple might be named, anything from a Siberian Crab to a Northern Spy ; while many apples unsuited to any part of Quebec were on exhibition.The brize list was here open to criticism.In many cases a premium was Placed on such apples as the Quebec farmer, on account of climatic conditions, is debarred from growing.Many plates showed great merit.One plate of Russian Transparent was superior to any I have ever seen, while many others would have stood well at much larger showings.The vegetables were very good for the season.They were large smooth Care shown all specimens.was Megantic Co.Prof.Agricultural College, Guelph.An out-of-door Meeting of the Pomolo for a, through this department\u2014 too much care in some cases for they had been washed until, with potatoes, the skin had been entirely removed.This is a mistake.In some cases the variety could not be distinguished owing to this.The flowers were hard to beat.Many specimens were prize winners anywhere.These pot plants were given a prominent place in every home, They were cared for, and the plants showed their keeping.We have hinted before at the kindness of the people.They opened their homes to the strangers.They gave them the best that money could buy, and a right royal welcome.Even the hotel keeper refused money if the stranger had attended the Pomological Meeting.Everyone was convinced that they had not found such welcome before, and expressed the hope that at some | future time they might have the pleasure of again visiting Megantic County.E.M.S.DEMONSTRATION ORCHARDS THE ADVANTAGES OF SPRAYING FOR INSECT AND FUNGUS PESTS \u2014 CULTIVATION OF ORCHARD SOIL \u2014 CHOICE FAMEUSE APPLES \u2014 ALFALFA FIELD \u2014 THE THINNING-OUT OF FRUIT \u2014 BENEFITS OF COOPERATION.: With the object of cultivation of fruit trees the Pro- : vincial Government has established four Demonstration Orchards this year, at St, Hilaire, at Abbottsford in Rouville, Co., at St.Joseph-du- Lac in the county of Two Mountains, and at Havelock in the county of Huntingdon.improving the Last July, Mr.Gigault, deputy-mi- nister of agriculture, paid a visit to the Demonstration Orchard, and others, of the Cooperative Society .of St.Paul d\u2019Abbottsford.He noted Sa gical Society an the Orchard of Rev.Macoun of Ottaw a is addressing the audience.hi i i cretary of the Pomological Society, 2 On his right is and on Mr.Reid\u2019s right is Professor Seated on the bench is Mr.G.- H.-A.Dickson at Rectory Hill, Mr.Peter Reid, Se- J.-W.Sow of the Ontario B.Edwards of Covey Hill.t > tt mn _ F2 J Bai £1 FA \u2014 Rs I ty ari .was done by two men.THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 76 with pleasure the effects of the Government Experiment Orchard on un- progressive fruit growers, who thus get inspiration for the improvement of their own orchards.This Experiment Orchard is a beautiful sight, and its verdure testifies to the vitality of the trees.The orchard consists of 80 apple trees.Half of it has been subjected to cultivation by the Cooperative Society, the other half has been left alone, with the object of testing results of fruit production.On the cultivated half chemical manure was spread.The other half had none.The difference in yield is a clear demonstration of the advantages of chemical manure.Mr.Blair of Ste Anne de Bellevue, met Mr.gault at Abbottsford.In the presence of the Deputy-Mi- nister, insect and fungus spraying A bamboo tube attached to a hose is connected with the forcing pump.This long stiff tube sends the liquid over the foliage, sprinking the leaves on the surface, beneath, and all over.This spraying, which needs only to be done two or three times in a summer, gives wonderful results.The trees thus treated produce an abundant yield, free from diseases and grubs, and selling at a good price.Many Abbhottsford farmers were at the Experiment Orchard, and Mr.Blair gave explanations of the effects of spraying, and the methods of application.The deepest interest was shown and many have already begun the practice.It was reported that there are many young trees half killed by the sever.\u201cold last spring after the thaw, vhen the sap had begun to rise by the action of the sun.The frost has cracked the bark, and these trees will probably die.In future this .can be prevented by covering the trunks of the young trees, and thus shielding them from too sudden changes of temperature, Mr.Chas.Fisk, secretary of the Cooperative Fruit Growers\u2019 Society of St.Paul, has an orchard in excellent condition.He followed the experiment and agricultural science movements generally, and applied his knowledge with wonderful results.He practised spraying and found it beneficial.Last year he had the very best Fameuse apples and, as there are always exporters who want the best products at fancy prices, he sold four bushel boxes of apples at the astonishing price of $2.50 a box, and realized a profit of $100.Mr.Fisk also has an alfalfa field which is a lesson in progress to farmers.Macdonald College, Gi- Tt is well known that alfalfa, which is a leguminous plant like clover, possesses the power of returning a still greater quantity of nitrogen to the soil.Mr.Fisk realized this truth and has profited greatly by it.Last year he harvested three good crops of alfalfa from his field.This year he has cut his first second is well on .In his orchard he has begun to practice fruit-thinning to ensure uni- \u2018formity in the annual yield.It is too soon yet to calculate results.Mr.Chas.Byers, president of the Cooperative Society, is another progressive fruit grower.He was for - merly a grower of orange and lemon trees in California.After selling his orchard down there at a high price he determined to start fruit growing in the most favorable spot possible, and went in search of a mountainous district to suit his fancy.He went to British Columbia, the Niagara district, through Ontario, the province of Quebec, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia and New Brunswick, and finally settled on St- Paul d\u2019Abbottsford.as being, according to his professional experience,the most suitable place for fruit-growing.And Mr.Byers is well satisfied with his orchard.The Cooperative of St.Paul works well.The fruit growers get good ideas in the way of new methods, quantity and quality of their produce, its preparation and ultimate sale.They understand the importance of cooperatives, to increase capital and so permit of the construction of cold storage warehouses to keep the fruit in good condition until such time as its scarcity raises the price.A grant of $800 has been given this year by the Department of Agriculture to a joint committee consisting of three representatives of the Cooperative, three members of the Po - mological Society, and a representative of the Department, to assist the experimentation of orchards which is under the control of the Pomological Society.If the go-ahead farmers of Abbotts- ford undertake to build a cold storage warehouse, perhaps the government will give them a grant.crop, and the THE SMALL FRUIT PLANTATION An address given at the Meeting of the Quebec Pomological Society at Inverness.It is always with some hesitation that I attempt to show men how things should be done, for in truth, as Bailey says, our ignorance of how plants live and have a being is most profound.Climatic conditions, difference of soil, ete, have also had a hand in adding to the confusion already existing in regard to the correct handling of bush fruits, so that we find the greatest difference of opinion concerning what should and what should not be done.However there are many points in which, for the most part, we may agree.THE SITE.\u2014 It is not necessary to attach a great deal of importance to this.Much has been said concerning a northern slope.The heat of summer is more detrimental in some cases, I believe, than the cold of winter, and a northern slope will often help you over this difficulty.Drought is the great enemy to be avoided, and a location that will in any way help to counteract its effect should be sought.THE SOIL.\u2014 Bush fruits will do well on a great variety of soils.It must be a soil, however, retentive of moisture, and yet carry no standing water for any part of the year.The moisture content of soil cannot be over-estimated with these fruits, for without it, during the growing and ripening period, the crop is a failure.So dry was it at Macdonald this year, that we were obliged to irrigate, and then our crop was very light.Having the site and soil just right it is high time to consider VARIETIES.\u2014 On one block of Raspberries at Macdonald this year, | the Marlboro gave us an average of 46 boxes to the row; Cuthbert 9 Herbert 43 1-2; Columbia 46; Sunbeam 20 1-2; King 113.This is sufficient to convince you that the choice of variety is a matter of 1 some importance.Of Red currants for general culture we recommend\u2014Wil- der, Pomona, Victoria, Cumberland Red, Red Dutch.White \u2014 White cherry, large white, white grape.Concerning Black currants \u2014 I was going to say I did not recommend them at all; but many people appreciate them and T understand that the demand is steadily increasing.Saunders, Collins Prolific, and Victoria, are recommended.The Agawam and Ancient Britain are still considered among the best of the Blackberries.In Gooseberries, the Downing is the best in my opinion, while many would put the Pearl, a cross between Downing and Ash- ton\u2019s Seedling, superior to it.English varieties are so subject to mildew that I scarcely recommend them.I have taken it for granted that you will buy your first plants from the nursery.The propagation of these plants is not difficult, however, and I shall say a few words concerning the process later on.Having obtained the plant, it HERBERT RASPBERRY. 76 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE \u2014 ew ce es em a PEARL to protect \u201cdrying\u2019\u2019.minutes\u2019 is absolutely roots from \u201c\u2018wind Don't conclude that a sun won't hurt, It is they must be kept before planting, better trench, untie the bunches, them in it, and bring fine close contact with the They safe here for Here shall leave in\u201d as we say, while we PREPARE THE SOIL.\u2014 There are so many ways of accomplishing the same result that 1 shall let you do it you prefer; but see to it that soil is in excellent tilth, and when vou are that it is, go over it once Don't make the mistake that neighbor made, who received plants and had not much time them.He opened a his plow, stood the and again, with the plow, turned the furrow back, and lo! the plantinz was done.FERTILIZKR, A good dressing of barnyard most ex- necessary and few rninous.If some time prepare a place soil in rootlets.some time.\u2018healed are we them as sure more, my his \u2018are for furrow with plants in it, to mitnure is cellent.If fuitly well decomposed it will do no harm if applied at planting time, and thorouzhly WOTK- ed in.Soil which is uniformly fertile by previous culture and manuring is much preferable to one which has heen neglected and heavily fertilized at planting time.As with other fruits, potash is GOO SEBERRY.development manure best Barnyard in essential for the of small fruits.does not contain it sufficient quantities unless excessive amount is used, which may cause ex- dan of hardiness, and diminished fruitfulness.Muriate of potash is one of the best forms in which potash may be supplied.150 Ibs.per acre along with the dressing of manure should be about right, and does give good results.PLANTING.\u2014This may be done in many ways Rows 6\u2019 apart and plants 2\u2019 apart in row is about right.Some growers plant 5\u2019 apart each way, and practically all cultivation is done with horse by cultivating This is known as hill culture.It has mueh to recommend it, but you find little of it Kastern Canada.The method 1 have used is to run marker over in two directions.1 marker field, and then with plow open a trench.1f plants are to be set at equal distances both ways run over field after furrows have been struck, and where they intersect, set the plant; and do it at once, for if soil dries in the furrow vour chances of success are much less.In my own field work T did planting in furrows which had been struck some days before, and on same day other planting was done in furrows freshly made.The some cessive growth with consequent lack! in, which AND HORTICULTURE | result was so noticeable that there | was po room for doubt.The plants were the same.The same degree of 'care was exercised in the planting, | yet the percentage of failure in the jdried soil was very great.| CULTIVATION.During the summer the ground should be cul- | tivated frequently and weeds kept ; down with great care.Cultivate \u2018after every rain to conserve mois- | ture, and to keep soil in fine \u2018state of division.Cultivation in years following need not be quite so frequent.A thorough cultivation in early spring followed by a mulch tof strawy manure has been quite i satisfactory, and has shown ex- , ceptionally good results with goose- \u201cberries.After picking season is over \u2018mulch may he worked in and cultivation proceeded with.Some growers are eniphatic in saying that \u2018cultivation should stop in July, so ,as to allow the wood to ripen, , Others are not only should but that a cover should then be equally sure that cultivation cease, crop sown, as in the apple orchard.It may be true! I don\u2019t believe it.For some reason canes formed in late season sometimes come through when older ones kill during the winter.This is probably due to the fact that the heat of summer weakens these canes to such an extent that all resistance is gone.PRUNING.\u2014 Old canes of raspberries and blackberries are best removed and burned as soon as fruiting is over.Any insects contained in them are then destroyed.They cut early, and the early removal heips in the general cleaning up of the plantation.The different fruits each constitute a separate problem, so far as the pruning is concerned.The black currant bears most of its fruit on wood of the previous season\u2019s growth.The red and white currants produce their fruit on spurs which develop from the wood two or more years of age.Depend on two and three year old wood to bear the fruit.Goose- herries are borne on wood one, CHERRY CURRANT.-e Ww 6 dé be © CER 5 _\u2026.Ec A ME ig 0000 [REST SE ry THE _ JOURNAL C OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 77 two, and three years old ; mostly on two and three years\u2019 canes.Raspberries on one year wood.Black berries largely on 1 year wood.The problem is this.See to it that you have plenty of tearing wood at all times.This can only be secured by the removal of the older wood, and a knowledge of just what you want.Some form of hoox- ed knife will \u2018be found most convenient for this work.In summer when canes have reached the desired height pinching back is resorted to.This gives you stocky bushes, with many laterals.THE SUCKERING NUISANCE.\u2014 This is a nuisance but not so grave a problem as many suppose.A man once told me that money would not tempt him to plant raspberries on his farm unless they were surrounded hy a trench so wide and deep that the bushes could not jump it.Otherwise he would be driven in the deep sea.Another man thought it necessary to board over the whole ground not occupied by the plants.Cultivator with teeth square on end will do better work than pointed ones, Some kind of catting device may be arranged on back of cultivator, which will clear out the suckers quickly.In changing plantation careful work must be done to rid the field of the old plants.All vegetation must be kept down for one season, which will be quite sufficient to give you a clear field.WINTER KILLING.\u2014 In New Brunswick we find it necessary to turn Raspberries and Blackberries down for winter.It may not be necessary in all parts of Quebec, but I know it is necessary in some sections.I am told that at Rouge- mont it is not necessary, and I am not in a position to deny it.The turning-down process is not a very tedious or expensive one.One man turns them down while another puts soil on the tips.Thus they are held in position.The cost of laying down and lifting would be about $5.00 per acre.Where blackberries are trained to a trellis as in the Hudson River Valley, the posts are hinged by a pivot to a short post.The entire trellis is then turned down on the approach of winter.PROPAGATION.\u2014 The common methods of propagation consist in a division or continuation of the parent by means of suckers, or cuttings, according to habit of the species.Currants by cuttings.\u2014 Make cutting in fall.They may be planted in open, or placed in sand in the cellar.Gooseberries may be propagated by cuttings but the process is not so easy, Layering is the common method.Raspberries and blackberries are commonly propagated by suckers.The method is quite satisfactory and is certainly the easiest way.Root cuttings are easily made, but there will be a fairly large percentage of failures.Black raspberries are propagated by burying the tips.In nature they root themselves, as the grass helps to hold them in position while the process is going AON CO OL X + 2 Che Farm and Farm Crops ¢ ç INI LIS, AANA AN AN\" WHERE THE PAINT BRUSH GROWS An Inquiry among the Farmers of the Eastern Townships.\u2014 What | the Best Farmers are doing to Control this Weed.\u2014 | How they View the Situation.(Continued from our September Ist issue) .IN MISSISQUOI COUNTY The good farmers along the Cowansville-Dunham road are not afraid of Paint Brush in land that can be cultivated.Mr.Chas.Ruiter, owner of the Pinehurst Jersey Stock Farm, said on being interviewed \u2018We have no trouble with Paint Brush.It is not nearly so hard a weed to eradicate as Quack grass or Sow thistle.To eradicate Paint Brush it is necessary to cultivate the land thoroughly \u2014one plowing is not sufficient \u2014 and to manure it well.If corn or hoed crops follow there will be no fear of trouble from this weed.The lack of labor, it should he emphasized, is a great drawback to clean farming.For example, this year it was utterly impossible for me to cultivats my root crops on account of lack of help, so I shall lose my root crop on that account.\u201d Mr.George Beach, another of the prosperous and influential farmers near Dunham village, considers that Paint Brush can be controlled by good cultivation and suitable rotation, but he is deeply concerned about the spread of the wced in his rough pastures.\u2018\u2018 When you give advice regarding the control of Paint Brush in the \u2018\u2018Journal of Agricultu- , re \u2019\u2019, consider well, he said, \u2018 the particular and peculiar conditions that exist on most of our farms.Remember the scarce, that are too rough fact that labor is many of our pastures to cultivate, anl that we do not live under the ideal conditions that exist in the minds of some writers in agricultural papers.I do not know whether sheep will keep this weed under control in pastures or not\u2019, Joseph Lee and Son thought Paint Brush was worse this year on their farm than it was last year, but it has not yet given much trouble in their pastures.They did not believe that a single plowing of sod in the fall, followed with oats seeded to clovers and grasses, would kill it.Mr.M.Curley of Dunham village said he did not know how to deal with Paint Brush in rough pastures.| \u2018\u201c Twenty-five and thirty every farmer a flock of sheep vears ego in this district kept pastures 7, axe and the \u201cdreaded if only gool he said, \u2018\u2018were much cleaner of weeds than they are now.Yes, I believe farmers should keep more shee), but sheep-worrying dogs have put sheep out of business.So far as Paint Brush is concerned it need not be cullivation is given.One rzasou for the spread of this weed is the fact that many of the farms are rented and proper attention is not given to the control of weeds\u201d Paint Brush is very bad in the hilly district about the Pinnacle mountain near the border of Vermont.No person appears to be doing much to control it for no practicable remedy seems to be available.Very few farmers kezp sheep, but it Woûld appear as if they would be obliged to turn to this industry if they ever hopc to control the situation.The farms in the valley leading from Freligsburg to Stanhridge Hast are not infested to any great extent, but there are some other bad weeds that have gaine: a foothold and will be hard to dislodge.Wild Carrot or Bird\u2019s Nest is very plentiful along the roadsides, and in some cases the fields are invaded.Knapweed occurs plentifully along the roadside in one locality.One of the worst cases of Sow thistle infestation was seen \u201cfarmer in an oat field between Stan\u2019 ridge East and Bedford.These three weeds require careful attention and handling; if = they are carelessly treated they are liable to spread and become most serious pests.In the section of country about St.Armand Paint Brush is not as bad as it is farther east, but every knows it and has had some View of Pinnacle Mountain from Freligsburg Road.The farms about this Paint Brush.Mountain are badly infested with on; but on cultivated land | the wind keeps \u2018them \u201cmoving to 8 such an extent that it is necessary to bury the tip.INSECTS.\u2014 ¢¢ The Currant Worm\u201d is known to everyone growing gooseberries or currants.When larvae are young they are easiiy killed with Paris Green; 1-2 1b.to 40 gals.is usually sufficient.The Currant Borer lays an egg in a hud on the young wood, and the caterpillar, when hatched, eats its way into the cane, and destroys the pith.Close pruning is the only remedy.Raspberry Cane Borer, Oberea Bimaculata, is troublesome at Macdonald.During June tips of raspberries are often found fading and bent down.The stem is girdled by a very pretty beetle.It remains in the cane during the winter as full grown larvae.Pruning is effective.Red spider is very troublesome during dry weather.It is hard to control.It is thus seen that there is nothing difficult about the culture of small fruits beyond the care in the crop.The yield is remunerative, Raspberries should give 70 bushels per acre.At handling of any fairly 10 cents per quart the value would be $224.per acre.Currants should give 100 bushels per acre.The price would run a little less.Gooseberries should give 200 bushels per acre.The thorns are there, the picking is a problem; hut in face of all I am satisfied that small fruits should occupy a larger place on the Quebec farm.i.M.STRAIGHT.Macdonald College. 78 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Mr.George Blair, one of the best THE HOM OF MR.W.J.deadlines with it.Mr.W.A.Smith of St.Armand said that the railways were not doing their duty in, keeping their property cleur of weeds, Moreover, he thouæht that no ereat, progress would be made in keeping down weeds and in prevent-! ing their spread until (Government appointed à Weed Inspector.Frequently it is necessary to force à carcless neighbor to do his duty, but no farmer wants to make enemies of his neishbors.À government official could do this very well.IN HUNTINGDON COUNTY While very little time was spent in the vivinity of Huntingdon some inquiries were made as to the prevalence of the Paint Brush in the townships surrounding the town.W.M.Walker, 13s.M.L.A., who knows the district about as well as any person and who is one of the most progressive farmers of this prosperous county, said that Paint Brush was present.to some extent but Up to the present could not be considered a troublesome pest.To be sure it has a foot-hold in pastures that have been allowed to run out, but in most farms to the south and west of Huntingdon the land is well cultivated and na systematic rotation of crops is practised.As a result Paint Brush does not make headway.Mr.Gordon Wood, the newly appointed District Representative, altho\u2019 not well acquainted with the district, was of the praion th paint Brush will never become much of a pest where good cultivation is followed.In the eastern portion of Hunting- don County, however, the Paint Brush is more of a pest than in the western part.There is more broken land that is in permanent pasture which cannot be cultivated.In such land Taint Drush is a real and threatening pest, and the farmers do not know how to prevent its spread.Messrs Wm.Cameron and Robert Neely of Herdman expressed themselves quite {freely regarding the \"the too common practice of c\u2019vinz but pastures.I do not know if sheep \"weed.\u2018They thought that sheep fields for I do very much.I have to ceived the \"hood.Mr.Neely said that years ago carried by the wind from infested \u2018most farmers kept sheep and the pastures to cultivated fields so that tivated it .Brush.| the Paint Brush I believe it will farmers of the district, said : * I have very little Paint Brush on my farm.I attribute this freedom from the weed to the fact that I am very careful to exterminate it as soon as I find it in any of my fields.I believe that a good farmer will have no difficulty in keeping his cultivated fields free from this weed.I am much more afraid of Sow thistle and quack grass.No, I see no way of controlling Paint Brush in my pastures.I do not know what is going to become of them in time.\u2019 Messrs.Clark Goldie, Fred.Fulton and Ben.Johnston, other excellent | farmers of the same district, had practically the same opinions regarding the prevalence and control of Paint Brush as Messrs.Moe and Blair.There is much Paint Brush on the high broken land between Franklin and Covey Hill.This land will, moreover, form a source of in- MOIS, WHO LIVES BETWEEN ROCKBURN AND FRANKLIN.festation for the surrounding country.No remedy seems to be at situation.They believed that continued, \u2018\u2018in land that I can cul-|hand put the development of the ordinary cultivation will kill Paint tivate, but I do not know how !!sheep industry on this extensive tract Brush, but they did not think that am going to fight it in the upper of rough land.Mr.George B.Edwards of Cove one plowing to sod, sowing it to will keep the weed clipped down Or| Hi], an extensive fruit-grower and oats and seeding down to clover and not.I do not mean to say that llfor many years a Director of the timothy would control or kill the do not mind the weed in my other Pomological Society of Quebec, re- would keep down the weed in spend more time than I can afford ity his avc med EE pastures, but unfortunately but few with the help I can get in fighting ness, and discussed the Paint Brush farmers kept sheep in their neighbor- the weed.The Paint Brush seed islproblem with him.\u201c We have so much rough land that can\u2019t be cul- is impossible to keep Brush under control.Sheep will keep it down to some extent but my sheep have been worried by dogs so much that I am half inclined to give up sheep entirely.I hope the Legislature will soon pass an Act that will allow municipalities to regulate the keeping of dogs and to compensate the owners of pastures were then much freer from one has to be constantly on the! paint weeds of all kinds than they are watch for its appearance.It does un- now.Sow Thistle and quack grass doubtedly increase the burden we were, he considered, much more to be farmers have to bear.With regard feared in cultivated land than Paint to the cultivation necessary to kill We called upon several farmers require at least two or three cul- between Rockburn and Franklin tivations in late summer and fall.Centre, who were good enough to If a good crop is brought on the discuss the Paint Brush situation following year so much the better.sheep for any losses incurred from with the \u201cJournal\u201d representative.| My experience points to the fact|dogs.There is no use at the present Mr.W.J.Moe said that the weed that itis easier than quack xrass tO|time in any person attempting to was abundant on loam, but not on kill, but still it must get more |geep sheep there is no way of gravelly soil.*\u201c I have no trouble in than a single plowing if we desire getting at the dogs or the dog- dealing with Paint Brush\u2019, he to control it\u2019.{ owners.THE BARNS AND STABLES ON THE FARM OF MR.W.J.MOE.ar mre rma ee odin mn an an \u2014 a + + ~ ere A D J THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE THE HOME OF MR.GEORGE EDWARDS OF COVEY HILL.MOST SUCCESSFUL FRUIT-GROWER.\u2018 I have no trouble in killing Paint Brush\u2019\u2019, Mr.Edwards continued, \u2018\u2018in land that can be tilled.Quack grass is worse than it.Just south of us here in New York state the farms are terribly infested with Paint Brush.I sometimes think that if we could get quack grass to grow in our pastures it would soon oust the Paint Brush and at the same time furnish good feeding\u2019.* I have not noticed much of the weed between here and Hemming- ford\u2019.In our drive from Franklin Centre and Ormstown we observed at intervals along the roadside considerable Paint Brush.GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.We believe we are justified in drawing the following general conclusions from our many interviews with farmers who have had experience with Paint Brush both in pastures and cultivated lands, and from our own personal observations on infested farms in several counties: \u2014 1.Paint Brush is a most persistent weed in pastures and tends to crowd out the grasses by its habit, of spreading over the ground by.runners and by its leaf habit of lying close to the ground.2.The best farmers are able to.control Paint Brush in land that | can be tilled.Where good cultivation and a rotation of crops are | practised this weed does not give: serious trouble.3.Paint Brush, like many other weeds, is hard to dislodge from | rough pastures that cannot be, tilled.This phase of the situation gives farmers most concern.4.It is not enough to plow infested ç.sod but once before sowing to oats.This treatment may kill a few of the weeds, but it stimulates the: others present to greater activity.Too many farmers are practising this one-plowing method.5.When sod land infested Paint Brush is plowed as shallow as possible just as soon as the hay with MR.EDWARDS HAS LONG BEEN A crop is removed, then rolled and harrowed, then disc-harrowed thoroughly ten days later and cultivated at \u2018intervals until autumn, then plowed deeply just before winter sets in, the Paint Brush as well as many other noxious weeds will be pretty well exterminated.If corn or hoed crops follow the next year and continuous cultivation be given, not only Paint Brush but also quack grass will be killed.It is important to enrich the land at this stage and when scsding down is done to give a Leavy seeding of clovers and grasses-about 20 pounds per acre.Sheep will eat Paint Brush, and there is strong evidence that if a sufficient number are kept in rough pastures there will be little trouble from this pest.Much of the hilly infested land of the Eastern Townships can, we believe, be reclaimed by sheep pasturing.THE APIARY BELONG TO MR.EDWARDS, COVEY HILL, WHO FINDS BEE-KEEPING GOES WELL WITH FRUIT-GROWING.79 HARVESTING AND STORING THE ROOT CROP.The best time to Harvest Mangels and Turnips; Care required to Store them properly for winter use.HARVESTING MANGELS.Mangels and sugar mangels growing, as they do, so much above ground, and much exposed, are more susceptible to frost than other roots.It is therefore necessary to begin pulling about October 15th.The date of pulling must be regulated according to locality.In some districts it may be necessary to pull a few days earlier, and in other districts a few days later.The roots should have as long a season of growth as possible, for the nearer the roots come to maturity the greater will be their feeding value, and they will keep better and later during winter.If pulled too early they are apt to become soft, and to heat; and if frozen they will spoil in storage.The common practice, and the most advisable in taking up mangels and sugar mangels which grow well up out of the ground, is to pull and top them by hand.Each root is pulled with both hands, then all the tops are gathered together, and with a sudden jerk the tops are broken off.It is preferable to break or twist the tops off by hand, for when topped with the knife they are more liable to decay.For convenience in loading into carts or wagons throw four drills into one row; this is convenient for both pullers and loaders.If there is no danger of frost, allow the roots to remain on the ground 24 hours after being pulled and topped as this will improve their keeping qualities by drying them, and any soil pulled will shake of much more easily before reaching the root cellar.If there are indications of frost, roots should be either housed or covered with leaves, as a few degrees of frost will injure mangels after they are pulled.Should mangels get frost bitten, allow them to remain in the field to thaw out before handling them, as the least handling when frozen will break the skin and encourage rot.Sugar beets and carrots are more difficult to harvest owing to their long underground roots.It is best to run a subsoil plow or an ordinary plow without a mouldboard along one side of the row, loosening and cutting off some of the strong fibrous roots, and enabling the puller to take up several tubers at one time.These are usually pulled and laid in rows to be topped with the knife and thrown into baskets or boxes for convenience in loading.The time to harvest carrots and sugar beets in most districts is between October 20th and 30th.Turnips being much hardier should be left in the ground longer as a slight freezing will not injure them so long as they get thawed out before they are housed or pitted.[SE EE 80 HARVESTING TURNIPS.There are several successful ways of harvesting turnips.One of the easiest is to top them with the ordinary hoe, and turn the roots out with a sharp-shared plow with the mould- board removed.By striking the tops of two rows together the turnips can be plainly seen, and if turned inwards on the.row of tops they are clearly visible for loading into wagons or carts.Another plan is to top with the ordinary hoe, and drag them out of the ground with the, harrows by harrowing across the drills, letting the harrows lap, if necessary.The method answers well in sandy soil, but in clay soil the are considerably injured, rule there is more earth the roots than is plan the tops turnips and as a clinging to desirable.With this have all to be harrowing.When help can be secured, the old method of pulling and topping by hand, using a large heavy knife, 1s preferable.One stroke to cut the top root, the second stroke to cut the top off, and by a slight swing while cutting, the top four drills are thrown into one row for convenience in loading.Turnips should be left on the ground a day or two after being pulled, as they are not so easily injured by frost as other roots.DRAWING TO THE CELLAR OR PIT.The ordinary low wagon will be found best as it is advisable to run the roots over a slatted chute so as to sift out the earth.No tops should remain on the roots as they will soon decay, and injure the roots.Where the roots drop into the cellar they are liable to heat unless a ventilating shaft is first put in as close to the opening as possible, and running from the bottom to the top of the root cellar.There are two important matters in connection with the successful storing of roots.The first is to keep them sufficiently cool, the second to prevent them from freezing.Heat will spoil them as quiekly as frost, and vice versa.VENTILATION.The principle of ventilating the root cellar is the same as that required to cause a draught in the stove.There should be shafts made down outside the wall to enter at the level of the floor below; with large openings directly through the roof.The outside doors and windows should be kept open every day until there is danger of frost.To keep out the frost have the root cellar at least two-thirds below the surface of the earth.About December 15th, it may be necessary to bank up to the roof with stable manure.Where there is no root cellar, or insufficient room, roots may be pitted successfully.Select a high dry spot convenient to the buildings.Mark out a pit the required length, and about five feet wide, and excavate two or three feet deep.But if there is danger of water, excavate only three or four inches.The earth removed before | THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE should be laid along the sides for covering.Build the roots up to a point three or four feet high, then cover with straw about four inches, \u2018and with earth about eight inches.This covering may be sufficient until \u2018about the middle of November.Then \u2018cover with 4 to 6 inches of stable \u2018manure and twelve inches of earth.\u2018To make provision against excessive \u2018frost it is advisable to cover the pit the last of December with long stable manure.To ventilate the pit, take \u2018two boards one inch by six inches wide, and eight feet long, nail good strong strips of wood crossways up three feet, the other five feet to be boarded solid, leaving the top open juntil severe frost comes, Then put a bunch of straw in to Keep the frost out These shafts should be put in every eight or ten feet apart, along the pit, the slat work to extend through the roots to the bottom of the pit.It is desirable to keep an even temperature the pit.To ascertain the temperature an extra shaft may be put in to allow a thermometer to be raised and lowered, and temperature noted, as heat and frost have to be guarded against.The greatest success in growing roots will be obtained when the following conditions are ohserved:\u2014 Systematic rotation of crops; Roots to follow a fresh clover sod; Manure once in the rotation; and Thorough cultivation in preparation for the crop, and after the roots are sown.l J.FIXTER.THE QUEBEC EXHIBITION.The Provincial Exhibition held at Quebec, Aug.28th.\u2014Sept.5th.was a decided success.Fine weather brought out large crowds from both city and country to see the numerous entries in the various departments.Grain, roots, and corn made a splendid showing.In grain many specimens of wheat, oats, and barley were shown.Many of the samples of wheat shown weighed 61 to 63 pounds per bushel, while in oats there were some fine samples of Banner, Abundance, and Ligowo.In barley the six-rowed types were most in evidence, All the grain shown gave evidence of careful selection and harvesting.The exhibit of grain in straw was slightly below what it could be, this being the first time many had shown.Many exhibitors have something to learn in putting up a good sheaf.It might be well here to recommend to the Directors that a sheaf of grain be always required to be shown with the bag, as it has been known that the same bag of grain has appeared at fairs for several years.In corn for ensilage, a splendid lot of fairly well matured varieties were shown, as also the ripened grain.The Apiary Exhibit would do credit to many of our larger shows.About a dozen exhibitors showed in each of the many classes.Both comb and extracted honey were put up in neat cases and glasses, and were so ; time, tastefully arranged in the centre made a fine showing \u2014 sugar and syrup of the very best quality could be found.The exhibit of farm machinery attracted a great.deal of attention.Many new and useful implements were shown, This branch of the Exhibition might be extended with very great advantage to the farmer, the exhibitor, and the Exhibition.Several of the machines shown were quite new to the farmers of the Province, and farmers in general would be greatly benefited if they used such machinery on their farms.A few that may he especially mentioned are\u2014 the complete gasoline engines; the small but useful grain threshers; the double cut-away harrow; the many useful styles of disc harrows; and riding plows both double and single.The great Blizzard Blower which is capable of cutting over 100 tons of ensilage per day was also giving demonstrations of its work.One of the machines that attracted most attention was the Sawyer-Massey Clover Huller.This machine is owned by the Government, and through the enterprise of the Hon.Mr.Caron instructors were in attendance each day giving information to farmers as to the value of growing clovers for seed, and the working of the clover huller.This machine was quite a novelty to the average farmer of the province, being so much larger than the ordinary small grain thresher.If the instructions given by Mr.J.C.Coté of the Seed Branch of the Department of Agriculture, Mr.Curtis, and Mr.Caron of the Sawyer Massey Co., and Mr.John Fixter of the Macdonald College were generally followed more clover would be grown, more up-to-date machinery used, and better farming would be the result.J.FAT THE PROVINCIAL FAIR.PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATIONS UNDER GOVERNMENT AUSPICES.The great Provincial Exhibition which took place at Quebec from Aug.28th to Sept.5th was a brilliant display of agricultural progress, and the many farmers who visited it profited immensely by the practical instruction for which the Department of Agriculture and the Experimental Agricultural Union of Quebec had made special arrangements; and also by the splendid exhibition of up-to-date, modern farm implements.THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AT THE EXHIBITION Taking advantage of this great gathering of farmers attracted by the Provincial Exhibition, and wishing to instruct thems on matters of vital importance at the present such as Road Improvement, of the growing of clover seed, forestry, one of the large halls that a great aviculture, stable deal of attention was attractel to the Hon.this department.Maple products also | Agriculture, ventilation, etc., J.-Ed.Caron, Minister of originated the happy idea of practical demonstrations on the Exhibition grounds themselves, before thousands of interested spectators anxious to learn and turn to good account the skill of the lee- turers from this Department.With this object the honorable minister had a large space reserved devoted to drainage work, had a pretty kiosk constructed where the officers of the Dept.of Agriculture and the specialists who were lecturing could meet, and a large tent was pitched for demonstrations in orchard cultivation.PRACTICAL DEMONSTRATIONS IN ROAD-MAKING.The different machines used at the Exhibition, and belonging to the Dept.of Agriculture were \u2014Crushers, worked by powerful steam locomotives (from 15 to 18 horse power) , road machines, water carts, and steam rollers.These were sent by the Chas.A.Paquet Co.Ltd., of Quebec, and by J.C.Dore & Son, of La Prairie.They were operated under the supervision of J.B.Cloutier, who gave detailed explanations to all questions put to him on road making.With this complete equipment several sections of macadamized road were constructed throughout the Exhibition.They comprised respectively macadamizing of three kinds\u2014 Macadamizing without foundation.Macadamizing with rock foundation Macadamizing with V\u2014shaped rock foundation.The crusher furnished three kinds of stones which were deposited in three layers, beginning with the largest.The farmers were deeply interested; and many members of the rural municipalities were so impressed by the macadamized roads constructed before their very eyes that they expressed the fixed intention of bringing before their respective councils the tremendous importance of immediately accepting the generous offers of the Government regarding road improvement in the Province.THRESHING OF CLOVER SEED As our readers already know, the Department of Agriculture has purchased two great clover hullers which are at the disposal of the farmers.These splendid, improved machines were built by the Sawyer- Massey Co., of Hamilton, Ont., and do good work.One of these machines was on the Exhibition grounds, and as it takes to run it normally at least a 13 h.p.motor, a steam engine from the stone crusher was brought into action.Attached to this powerful motor the clover huller did marvellous work, and the not particularly ripe clover hay which passed through it yielded the seed free from husk and comparatively clean, It should be added that the clover thresher works better late in the season when the weather is dry and cold, and par- he ?THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 81 \u201c THE MONITOR\" CLOVER HULLER, manufactured by the Sawyer-Massey Co., Hamilton, Ont.The Department of Agriculture has two of these machines, which are placed at the disposal of farmers having clover to thresh in sufficient quantity.the seed clover has hay ticularly when been harvested dry.Also the should have as few weeds as possible.Under good conditions the clover huller of the Sawyer-Massey Co., does excellent work.It separates the clover seed from the husk; cleans and recleans it so well that by the time it leaves the machine the seed is ready for market.At the Exhibition a French Canadian farmer, Mr.Caron, who lives in Ontario and is deeply interested in the production of clover seed, told us he had bought a clover huller from the Sawyer-Massey Co., for $800.and every year harvested and threshed 25 arpents of meadowland cf seed clover: besides that he threshed clover for neighboring farmers who paid him well.The farmers in Ontario are well alive to the importance of clover cultivation, and never neglect an opportunity of harvesting the seed.In fact, this seed has become a veritable gold mine to the farmer, considering what it costs.We farmers in the province of Quebec do not sow enough clover, and neglect harvesting the grain.There are thousands of dollars that could be saved if we took the trouble.THE EXHIBITS OF THE EXPERIMENTAL FARMS.for the first time, the Federal Experimental Rouge and Ste.Anne de la Pocatière joined at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and formed a wonderful display of the rich products of our Canadian This year, two new Stations of Cap soil, \u2014 corn, fodder, and fruit.The whole was a beautiful spectacle, made still.more effective by well designed bill-posters.Messrs.Eugene : Pelletier of Ottawa, and Jean Croteau of Quebec, employed by the Experimental Farms, deserve our heartiest congratulations on the success of their exhibition.GOOD PLOWING.Directions for Setting Out and Finishing the Lands.Many of our young men who have never practiced for a plowing match may find the following a great help in setting out the ridges and finishing the furrow.After the stakes are set, the first round or two furrows should be cut as near as possible to 1 in.deep by 2 in.wide; the second round cut 4 in.deep by 6 in.wide; the third round 5 in.deep by 7 in.wide; fourth round 6 in.deep by 9 in.wide.Those depths should give almost a level ridge.The 6 by 9 is to be continued until the second last furrow, when a 5 by 7 inch furrow may be cut, leaving the last sod to be turned about 4 by 6 inches.This should leave the furrow shallow enough to allow the mould furrow to be brought to the level of the ridge.Should the society in which the plowman lives call for different depths and widths, the same principle will apply.J.FIXTER.HOW TO THRESH CLOVER.\u2018\u201c Journal of Agriculture.''\u2014 I have a field of Clover which -I intend cutting for seed.The first crop was taken off in June.I would like to know how to harvest it as it is getting ripe; and if a grain mill will thresh it.Would you let me know how you thresh it on the College Farm ?\u2014 A.N.Reply.\u2014 See that your clover is thoroughly ripe before vou cut it.The seed should be fully developed and be easily rubbed out in the hand before cutting.The best machine for cutting is the common self-rake reaper.It .may also be cut with the binder.If the binder is used do not tie in bundles.Allow the sheaf discharger to work continuously.This will put the clover in a fair-sized row which can be easily lifted with a barley fork.Allow the clover to dry thoroughly in the field before drawing to the barn.It is best to thresh with the clover huller, but it can be done with a common grain thresher.We have threshed with the smallest two horse machine and with the large Peerless grain thresher.This season through the action of the Government of the Province of Quebec clover hullers are at the disposal of the farmers for threshing their seed.If you have no huller in your district and have to thresh with the grain thresher leave the threshing until frosty weather.Have a good full set of teeth in both the cylinder and concaves, and close them as tight as possible.The clover heads are usually all broken off by the first passing of the cylinder.All the short material and chaff should be saved and run through several times,\u2014 the long material to be run through but once.Threshing clover seed with a grain mill is considerable trouble but when the farmer sees the amount of money to be made in growing seed, and the increased crops froin the decay of the clover roots, it will not take long to make the price of the regular clover huller.An excellent plan would be, for several farmers to club together, grow large quantities of clover, and purchase a clover huller to do the threshing.J.FIXTER.HCW TO APPLY MANURE.\u201cJournal of Agriculture\u2019 .\u2014 1 have recently purchased a farm, and some of the fields have been cultivated and cropped, without receiving any fertilizer.or manure for many years.At present I have Jcar.no live stock to make manure, but can get it by the car load, costing at my station about $20.00 per car, Will it pay to buy the manure at that price, or would it be better to purchase commercial fertilizers.R.T.Reply.\u2014 +» There are several things to take into consideration.First, the danger of introducing weeds of which the average manure from the city is full.Second, some car loads are little better than straw, while others contain excellent manuge.Should you purchase manure I should advise putting it into a pile and rotting it without heating the manure.This can be accomplished by driving on the pile every time when unloading, and packing it firm, or by putting it into a low flat pile.If you find the manure is very short or thoroughly rotted it may be applied directly to the land.To get the most out of the manure 1 should advise you to top dress your newly seeded meadows, and after two seasons\u2019 hay crop has been taken off plow under the manure and sod, and follow with a hoed crop of corn or roots.Then follow with a grain crop and a heavy seeding of clover and timothy.After the grain crop is removed apply another light dressing of manure on to the newly seeded field.1f manure is applied in this way it will pay to purchase at $20.00 per As to the commercial fertilizers, I would advise you to experiment on a small scale first.If you find good results larger quantities can be secured.J.F.THE PHILOSOPHER ABOUT THE FARM How Plants Prepare for Winter.In the world of plants, Autumn (and the latter part of Summer) is a time of preparation, not only for the severities of Winter, but for the activities of Spring.It is interesting to observe the various ways in which the different species of plants have solved, under the guidance, we do not doubt, of a far-seeing and loving intelligence, the problem of future existence as it faces them in Autumn.The change is nothing less than the transformation of a tender tropical plant into a hardy arctic form, capable of withstanding temperatures many degrees below the freezing point.Many small plants lay up for themselves a conspicuous store of food in their roots, rootstocks, or basal leaves.1f left to themselves, the aerial parts may die while the storage organs maintain a dormant, resting life, bearing the while the buds of flowers and leafy shoots, ready to spring, in due time, into active life and growth.The carrot, turnip, beet, onion and potato are examples among cultivated plants ; the dog-tooth violet, the spring beauty and the trillium among wild 82 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE _ ! RGENTEUIL.\u2014 OATS.plants.In their case, the storage any of these resting forms can be A T Points.organ with its buds represents the stimulated into active life and growth |'y A.Drew, .Lee ventes nein Beechridge, .\u2026.91 1-2 ns whole plant during the dormant in autumn by imitating the condi- Ww.J.Rodger, .\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.wove vonces one Geneva, cc.sue vevres ner ane 86 \u2014 .: 2 \u201ca = a e, season © hy is SIMD y 8 Te ne 5 tions of spring.Some bulbs such as James Bradley, .cer verres nue St.Andrew E., .cover ose \u201d La a a \u20ac 0 m 1 eer res eevee = ap ; ; ; the Paper White Narcissus respond at Ÿ- A.Wood, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.cuves iis inns os Genoa, .existence in winter.John Mason, .wee ceeeer sven eenennes Mabel, .c.ever covers serres von0ve 83 1-2 Indeed, most of the perennial plants once if set in a bowl of gravel with regi ARTHABASKA.\u2014 OATS.of our region, both large and small, water enough in the bottom to keep Points.assume a reduced form in rire the base of the bulb moist.The bowl J.B.Couture, \u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.mur vence crues St.Paul de Chester, \u2026\u2026 \u2026 89 i were, it .and retire, .as ! i the Winter.20d bulb should be kept in a cool Olivier Leclerc, .\u2026.\u2026.svoucr ceveee cones Warwick, .coocev coves vonvveuce 86 narrowest limits for : ; ; Ephrem Bellavance, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026 ver Ste.Hélene de Chester .85 Trees lay up a good store of prepared room or cellar for a while, till roots Joseph Verville Arthabaska 2 8 food within their body cells.Since no have been formed to absorb the woo Walen 07 TINEWICK, us vues vos 80 + a is develo ed .; p cesves conso evaese avesre c0v000 , special storage concealed and id.large amount of water which will be BONAVENTURE.\u2014 OATS.add the s oe many cells.we do not needed for the rapid growth of the Points.ed among s , .{ rv a rvs.he rou | sam a eves pt \u201ces mme Ve 0 Be leaved deciduous trees reduce their Before Christmas, if started early H s MeColm pr TT TT emer New Richmond West _ Co a7 1-2 exposed surface by dropping thelr in October, it will develop into à Rept, Cochrane, .\u2026\u2026.New Richmond Centre, .47 leaves, havin L Ly Yo into beautiful plant with a large cluster G.Campbell, .ooo \u2026\u2026 covers Larucee New Richmond West, .86 the prepared material from e es .; _\u2014 the stem.The underground surface ©! fragrant white flowers.COMPTON.OATS.Points of the trees is probably greatly Roman hyacinth bulbs will develop D.Meïntosh \u2026Cookshire, \u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.a.91 reduced by the death and disap in pots in garden soil with some Nelson Stratton, .co.vo.so Cookshire, \u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026 .\u2026\u2026 86 1-4 pearance of the miles, of Sat Pebbles or fragments of earthenware T.W.Taylor, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026u vu Cookshire, .coc.coves een.84 1-2 hairs, ov whieh sing.the in the bottom for drainage.J.A.McCIarey, .\u2026.\u2026.Luce Lure aes Hillhurst, .Lure Lane 84 nd its soluble \u20ac and 1s et While rooting, they must be kept 900.Adams, .ee Flanders, .cc.cover woven 82 3-4 working season.It will be worth RUMMOND WHEAT while to observe whether the buds, cool and \u2018\u201c\u2018moist\u2019\u201d\u201d but not \u2018\u2018wet\u2019\u2019.DRU sn : Points which represent next year\u2019s mao They will hloom about the 1st of Xavier Charpentier, .wc.vos oi.LP AVENIT, wore ooo os i, 86 leaves and flowers, re lly or December if planted early.John J.Moore, \u2026\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.Lis srnscerrecee Sydenham Place, .83 before the leaves fall, and when à -med across the J.B.Thomas Duff, .coco vir viens crv, Danby, ooo.\u2026\u2026\u2026.ue eens as 80 brittle layer is forme James E.Duffy, .cc.cocerr ven Danby, .\u2026\u2026.cover Leurs Les renee 78 best of he at state leted.the Antonio Janelle, .\u2026.cs cies St.Cyrille de Wendover, 75 1-2 hen this layer is completed, .HUNTINGDON DIV.A.\u2014 OATS.leaf will break off quite smoothly at PRIZE WINNERS IN QUEBEC OATS Points.that place, when gently pulled or FIELD CROP COMPETITIONS.M.D.McNaughton, .coe .\u2026.oe, Dewittville, .90 bent back.McNaughton Bros., .«cove Leurs cone.Dewittville, .88 Many herbaceous perennials with- W.H.Trainer, .coco causes veuves Franklin Centre 87 1-2 draw the prepared food into their The following is a list of the A.Muir, \u2026\u2026 .LL Huntingdon LS TE 86 1-2 underground parts and die down to successful competitors in the Field M.Walker, .Lure séaece vacine evens Huntingdon, .83 1-2 the ground.The Asters and Golden Crop Competitions conducted by the HUNTINGDON DIV.B.\u2014 POTATOES.rods, whose flowers Len ® Seed Commissioner of the Federal Points.aste places in utumn, are ; .Tos, fa this hidden and condens Department of Agriculture in some no.pacdell vesste soucse tiene ravens verees Jovey Hill, .Leueus Lure 90 xamples.- .; eo.Bustard, .«nen el 1CATS, coer Because veuves serene aes 87 1-2 ed form they pass the winter.On the Of the counties of this Province.R.T.Brownlee, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026.Les seras vus Hemmingford, .87 return of warm weather the con- In many of the counties only four J.C.Rutherford, .wooove verve Lu Hemmingford, .84 vented breton Tei el nto prizes were offered, but we give the Stewart Cleland, .vues becrances Hemmingford, .83 1-2 a 3 ° \"es \u20ac 3 for the summer work ; names and addresses of, as well as JACQUES CARTIER.\u2014 OATS.: : ; .Points.Annual plants, such as the common the total points scored by, the first Malcolm Hodge, .cove us verse vu Lachine, .cooee coves.83 grains, do not attempt, unless sown five competitors in each county, J.Dosithé Legault, .cuve cones Pointe Claire, .ccc.75 te the season, to ve a irrespective of whether there were Rémi S.Décary, Verses aevoue aasroe ereeen wee Dorval, terres oesss0 tesene sreves ane 72 .another spring, but before t ey Ae four or five prizes awarded.In LEVIS.\u2014 OATS.they store up a supply of rich food ; Points.in each of their ripening seeds for some of the counties, however, as Modeste Demers, .\u2026.\u2026.Les veeres one St.Nicolas, .ooo.89 1-2 the use of the minute plants, which Jacques Cartier, the names and Benjamin Moffatt, .St.Nicolas .cow veer oo.88 every seed contains.A grain of wheat addresses of only three competitors Octave Olivier, .\u2026.Lu vous ares St.Etienne, .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026 85 heat ee age only Js are given.This is due, in some cases, Juvénat des Frères, .cooev vues crue Lévis, oo iit ein ci Verres 83 1-2 ; With its s o , LL \\ packed in with it.The embryo corn to the fact that the judges consider- Rév.L.Auclair, .en ory em Chrysostom earns 81 plant can be seen in outline, lying in ed that other fields of grain entered LS Points one side of the Brain.If the grain were unfit for seed purposes ; in Thomas Longmore, .cure eens Leeds Village, .92 be soaked, the little plant can be other cases there were only three Patrick QUain, voce.ur Leurs vous Reedsdale, \u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.Lu Lu 91 1-2 5 easily taken out away from the stock competitors entered.C.H.George, .\u2026.ses reine vervences Inverness, .\u2026\u2026 Leuers Leurs 89 of food in which it was partly Mrs.R.Little, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.us mures voue IrViNE, Lun.Lune eer ere voue 87 1-2 embedded.But the parent plant is There is a wide variation between John Quain, .cere tiie evens Reedsdale, .c.Lu 86 1-2 I en vine given 1s ire mn brepat the scores in different counties.The MEGANTIC, NO.2.\u2014 OATS.does not live t ç 7 Younes.1 explanation of this is that while any ; ; Points.+ sprine Les young Ho woe a pe one judge may reasonably be expected Joseph Morin, > RE pierre Baptiste, .; 1-2 008 ; 3 .idi i beeen eereee eeeeee een omerset, .oe.coer one.It is plain that such forms as (© AWard points uniformly, according Honoré.Gingras, eee eee ee on Ste.Julie, .coco corre 85 1-2 buds, tubers &c., which do not arise to hfis ideai of perfection, it is not to PONTIAC DIV A.\u2014 OATS from flowers as seeds do, are resting be expected that different judges will Points.stages, DY wine plants pot yet score uniformly.That is to say, in Peter Dumas, .0 ol.Maple Ridge, .88 1-2 \u2018 xhausted nor read o dietide over ; os .\u2018 he winter season ite ed ol one competition a certain judge may James Carswell, .Dunraven, .87 : ; ; ; ; ill, cs Leu Less ans ae Dunraven, .oh 1 resting stage of an embryo plant arrange the prize winners with total TS Hodeins Shan ville = 5 when 18 to start another generation scores ranging from 90 to 80 points Anson C.Murphy, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026.vus creme Shawville, .Lu Lu 82 ot 1 \u2018 .whereas another judge, scoring he It will give children, at home or ; ; : PONTIAC DIV.B.\u2014 WHEAT.Se fields, ht award 92 points .at school, much pleasure to interpret same te C8 mig b Points.the various dormant forms which for the first prize and as low as 75 William McKinnon, .vues vannes Chapeau, .co.i.89 plants assume, and to try whether for the fifth.Thomas Leahy, .c.\u2026\u2026.creer ee, Chapeau, \u2026\u2026\u2026.coc.ce Lune 88 1-2 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 83 P.H.Lackie, .\u2026.\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.00se .Allumette Island, .85 Paul Desjardins, .Desjardins, .\u2026.sosvre savecs 84 1-2 Martin Gavin, .\u2026\u2026.vores vaave av00e Chichester, .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.vvacss 83 1-2 QUEBEC.\u2014 OATS.Points.Joseph Couture, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026.Le vencrenre Lorette, .coer \u2026vrce vonesenee 90 1-2 Frank Byrne, .c.ccov crevices vence creuse Charlesbourg, .\u2026\u2026.ve 83 Pierre Gauvin, .cee cover veusse vo00s Lorette, \u2026.\u2026.\u2026.teins vessorcen 82 Jean Paquet, .coer corr ssvo0s vavocre Lorette, .ieee vivir vevscuse 79 1-2 William O'Neill, .\u2026.cuves + 100 vun00 Lorette, .\u2026.ss savsvsese 75 RICHMOND.\u2014 OATS.Points.H.J.Elliott, .coco.vivir iver veenee Danville, .coer covers corcvere 85 JOS.LAY, .\u2026.creer Leusse vuon0e resins arenes Melbourne, .\u2026\u2026.sers eens 81 :-2 J.A, Smillie, .Richmond, .\u2026.suce cevree 0005 .:8 J.P.Mills, .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.socves ose + vravcvaces GOTE, L.+.veces serine seucsse 77 A.T.Lyster, ce .Richmond, .Less Tb ST.HYACINTHE.\u2014 OATS.Points.Horace Morin, .revere creuse verres St.Hyacinthe, .90 Jos.Gauthier, erscc0 vouvue sssees evsese ereeve St.Charles, .\u2026\u2026\u2026.cveues vus 88 Ephrem Michon, .\u2026.\u2026.cures saveur one La Présentation, .82 Louis Lalime, .cccoce cover severe coven St.Hyacinthe, .\u2026\u2026\u2026 80 Nap.Girard, .coe viivir voosre nensere St.Hyacinthe, .79 SHERBROOKE, \u2014 POTATOES.Points.S.Jardine, .cco.verres censés avorce nue Suffield, .«coer serres ernie 88 I.Kirby, .Louve vreues vonnes veneer cern Sand Hill, .cover sousse cones 34 E.Ducker, .\u2026\u2026 seurre vacces ve \u2026.Sherbrooke, .\u2026.secsss ae 32 1-2 A.Ames, .vucve veer eee .L.ennoxville, .eee ae 71-2 J.Nichol, .ccee.ones cer a en sess Lennoxville, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026 16 STANSTKYAD.\u2014 OATS.l\u2019oints.W.F.Davison, .\u2026.\u2026.vs ovouva vanses Ayer's Cliff, .\u2026.ss severe ne 90 1-2 F.J.Blandin, .\u2026.\u2026.+.viene sevens Coaticook, .\u2026.\u2026.se vrovse eres 87 O.Martin, .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.vec veins vrvose ee St.Catherine, .ccooee connie 86 1-2 Henry Green, .ccc.srvnce veveer verrons Dixville, .\u2026.\u2026.cerns voreuvrce 85 Chas.E.Baldwin, .cccce veer cerenenen Coaticook, .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.s cris renee 82 WRIGHT.\u2014 POTATOES.Points.R.A.McConnell, .\u2026.ever verre Hull, .vice Louer Qrrcrs vronce 91 W.J.Radmore, .\u2026.cuves vrvane ann Rochon, .\u2026.savsro Geuvsouses 81 G.E.Routliffe, .\u2026\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.vus vence Simmons, .us eevee vovsses 78 N.Lavigne, .\u2026.sue serere cvvnne ve Aylmer, .\u2026.\u2026 vesee so0c00 aes 75 Jno.Baillie, .Le ever eens Aylmer, .vence sevenceree 72 CLUB ROOT IN TURNIPS.By H.T.Giissow, Dominion Botanist.This destructive disease, known also as \u2018\u2018 Finger-and-Toe\u2019\u2019 or \u2018\u201c An- bury,\u201d\u2019 has been found during last year to spread slowly in the Maritime provinces, and especially in Prince Edward Island.The disease produces peculiar knob-like swellings on the roots of turnips, cabbages, cauliflowers and other cultivated and wild plants of the same Order.When this disease is allowed to spread without check the crops referred to will suffer severely, and the land will become infested for a number of years.The disease is due to a minute micro-organism of the group of slime fungi, which has received the technical name \u2018\u2018Plas- modiophora Brassicoe\u2019\u2019, Wor.The spores or reproductive organs are present in infested soils in Jarge numbers and they are liable to carry the disease to any succeeding crop for a considerable time.The roots of the plants mentioned are attacked at a very early stage.As the plant grows the peculiar swellings will increase in size and in many instances no \u2018\u2018 bulbs\u2019\u2019 will develop, roots are harvested it is important \u2018at once to separate all diseased \u2018roots from sound ones, and, providing the percentage of infected roots is not too large, they should be destroyed by fire, or the organism should be killed by the application of quick lime.For this purpose a pit should be dug in the ground and all diseased tubers and portions thereof placed therein.The roots should be covered with a quantity of stone lime and the pit closed with soil; it should then be left undisturbed for about , three years.Under no conditions should diseased roots be given to stock, first because the food value of the roots is much impaired\u2014especially when they have begun, to decay, secondly because the health of the animals is likely to suffer, and thirdly because the spores of the parasitic organism may pass through the body of the animal without losing their power of germination; thus the disease is liable to be spread through the droppings from such animals.The roots should always be boiled before being used as food.For human consumption diseased turnips are totally unfit, being very distasteful.The always soil of a diseased field is a source of infection, and the parasitic organisms using up all no turnips or allied plants should the energy of the plant.Plants once attacked cannot be saved.When the be grown on ordinary soil unless \"it has heen thoroughly limed.Stone \u2018This application [Ve Ye Ye Ve ae AV ao Ve Ye Ve Ve [E + ¢ Aine Steck e vw, OO AO AO AO EIA AAAS AL A NAN AAA AA AAA REGISTRATION OF FRENCH CANADIAN HORSES Important Notice.As we receive from time to time applications for the registration of horses in the Stud Book of the Breeders\u2019 Association of the Province of Quebec, which book was closed by order of the Association on December 31st 1909, it has been decided to reopen the Stud Book during the interval between August 15th and December 31st 1911.All persons who wish to have their horses inspected for registration should make direct application for such registration by letter addressed to the Live Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.should be promptly in order that the inspection may be completed hefore December 31st 1911, the date when the Stud Book will be permanently closed.Stock Commissioner, made J.A.COUTURE, Secretary, French Canadian Horse Breeders\u2019 Association.lime only, broken up into small pieces, should be used for this purpose, and should be spread over the field at a rate of at least 100 bushels of lime per statute acre.The land may then be ploughed, but it is advisable not to let turnips or any similar crop enter into the rotation until after three years have elapsed.Mangolds, potatoes, grain, clovers, etc., may safely be grown.No rubbish or hroken bits of roots should be left on the ground, but should be completely removed, nor should any such matter be thrown on to the manure heap or other place from which it is likely to be returned to the land.Weeds such as Shepherd's Purse, Wild Radish, Field Mustard, Hedge Mustard, etc., should also be destroyed, as they have been found to be attacked by the same disease.Further information on this or any disease of agricultural and other crops will be gladly given on application to the Dominion Botanist, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa.IMPROVED YORKSHIRES FOR SALE.Young boars and sows of different ages.Also a Tamworth boar.J.M.LECLAIR, Manager.SENATOR F.L.BEIQUE, Box 106, Lachine Locks, Que.\u2014\u2014 CANADIAN NATIONAL EXHIBITION.I.\u2014 AS SEEN BY OUR ONTARIO CORRESPONDENT IMMENSE ATTENDANCE, HANDSOME SURPLUS.\u2014INADEQUACY OF THE ACCOMMODATION FOR LIVE STOCK.\u2014 THE LIVE STOCK AND DAIRY EXHIBITS.The Canadian National Exhibition for 1911 has passed into history.It has gone on record as surpassing any previous Canadian show in the extent and quality of the exhibits and in total attendance.The attendance this year did not go to the million mark as many \u2018Toronto enthusiasts hoped, but very near it.The aggregate reached a total of over 916,000, or nearly 80,000 people more than in 1910, and the exhibition association has the handsome sum of $50,000 or more, to turn over to the city treasurer.The success of any fair cannot, however, be measured alone from the number of people who attend, or the largeness of the surplus, after all expenses have been paid.The quality and extent of the exhibits must be taken into account also.And on these points the Canadian National was an unqualified success, judged purely from the agricultural end of it.In fact so large was the exhibit of live stock, particularly of cattle and horses, that there was not accommodation enough for them in the stables, and improvised quarters had to be provided for a large number, one exhibitor taking his carload of cattle home rather than run the risk of having them housed in unprotected quarters.The Great Canadian National has thus reached a stage where it must build for larger things.The provincial accommodation which has done duty for so many years in the live stock department is not in keeping with the requirements of a national or international show, which it was this year.More accommodation for live stock is urgently needed, and should be ready for next year's show.CATTLE.The cattle display was a long and strong one all the way through and there were very few sections in which there was not keen competition.Two special $500 prizes were given this year, through the generosity of the Ontario Department of Agriculture.One went to heef cattle, and the short-horn breed had the \u2018plum\u2019 this year.The other went to dairy cattle, and the \u2018Holstein breeders had the honor of fighting for it.Another year these prizes will likely be given to another of the beef and dairy breeds, respectively.Tt was given in each for the best anime male or female, of the kind shown, and served in a very effective way to increase interest in the herds affected, and to bring out a larger number of exhibitors.The Short-horn exhibit was a high quality one throughout.Its chief feature was the high average quality and the number of animals enterel that had won distinguished laurels at previous shows.There were three American exhibitors on deck, and these carriel back to Uncle Sam's domain all the champion honors but one, including the $500 special.There is, however, satisfaction in the fact that this special went to the Ontario herd bull \u2018* Meadow King\u2019, champion at Toronto in 1910, and sold afterwards by Miller Bros., Brougham, Ont.to W.H.Miner, Chazy, N.Y., who exhibited him this year.He won senior and grand champion honors.The junior champion bull was shown by J.A.Watt, Salem, Ont.The two championships in females went to Carpenter & Ross, of Ohio, their champion cow \u2018\u2018Dale\u2019s Gift\u2019 beating \u2018\u2018Bridal Boqguet\u2019\u2019 the champion of a year ago, and also shown by Mr.Miner, The classes all through were well filled and it was a fine display of the \u2018\u2018Reds, whites, and roans'' that the judge, J.L.Reid of Allan, Scotland, had to pass judgment upon.Herefords and Aberdeen - Angus were out in force this year, and put up better exhibits than have been seen at Toronto for some years.L.U.Clifford, Oshawa, was the largest exhibitor of the \u2018\u2018White Faces\u2019', his fine bull \u201cRefiner\u2019\u2019, that had so many premium honors at Western shows this season, was champion.That veteran Hereford breeder, H.D.Smith, Hamilton, Ont, formerly of Quebec, was out strong too, landing the female championship with his splendid cow Princess 7.The \u201cDoddie\u2019\u201d breeders of Ontario had the fine herd of J.D.McGregor of Bran- Man.to back them up this year, and a fine display of Aberdeen- Angus was the result.Both the championships went to the West.don In dairy cattle there was a better all-round display than has ever been seen - at the Canadian National, especially in Holsteins and Ayrshires.It is: never one man\u2019s win in _ the Holstein section at Toronto.More exhibitors come out in this section than in any other, and while the old ones continue to come they never have a walk-over as is often the case in some of the other breeds.The $500 special for the best Holstein went to a breeder who had never exhibited at Toronto before.The winner of this special was the bull, \u2018\u201c\u201c Lagan Prince Schuiling \u2019\u2019 bred in Perth county Ontario, and shown by T.Wood of Mitchell.He is splendid type of the dairy animal, combining length, depth, and lots of strong masculine character.He was of course the champion Holstein bull, a The championship in females went to Haley Bros.on \u2018\u2018 Calantha Fayne\u2019', a junior heifer calf.There was high average quality all through the Holstein sections.N.Sangster, Ormstown, Que., won few important prizes.quite a There was no big drawing card in the way of a $500 special to help the Ayrshire men out this year, yet they put up the largest show of any of the herds of cattle, being a score or two ahead of the Shorthorns in number.It was a strong quality show too, and the judge, W.F.Stephen, Huntingdon, had no easy task.Quebec, 4s usual, figured largely in the prize money.P.D.McArthur, North Georgetown, Que., won both male championships, his splendid bull \u2018\u2018Netherhall Milkman '\u2019 fresh from his victory at shows in Western Canada, landing the grand championship.The senior championship in females went to that veteran in Ayrshire showings, R.R.Ness, Howick, Que., on \u201c\u2018 Finlayson Maggie 3rd\u201d.The junior and grand championship went to the Ryanogue Farms, New York State, on \u201cHobs- land Nancy 2nd\u2019\u2019 purchased at the Hunter sale a few months back, The Jersey display was about of the usval kind, with no new exhibitors in the lists.Sir Wm.Mae- kenzie won both male championships, his aged bull \u2018\u2018Pearl of Kirk- field\u201d winning again grand champion honors.He also had the senior and grand champion female, B.H.Bull & Son, Brampton, coming in tor junior honors.HORSES.The show of horses was larger than could be accommodated.In heavy horses the Clydesdale once more maintained its place as the popular breed.ger shows There have been lar- of this kind at Toronto, but none where the average quality was better.A feature was the large number of Canadian bred horses that figured largely in the prize list; competing with high-class imported stock.The sensation of the Clydesdale show was the presence of the famous Morris six-horse team from Chicago.This team has travelled all over America, visited England, and stands out as the hest aggregation of draft horses on the continent.One of the six horses was bred and raised in Ontario, the now famous \u2018Bobbie Burns\u2019\u2019, and when his former owner, Mr.Alex.Doherty, of Wexford, Ont., drove him in the single harness event the crowd cheered him to the echo.There were a few old exhibitors absent from the judging ring this year, the most notable being the firm of Graham Bros., Claremont, Ont., who had been exhibitors of horses at Toronto for twenty-eight years in succession, previous to this year, and had captured championships by the score.While their absence, and that of others, helped to make some of the classes weaker, there was not be any means a weak show.The quality all through was just as good as we have seen at any previous fair.The champion stallion was found in Baron Kiloin, a full brother to Lord Ardwell, the stallion with which Sir William Van Horne swept everything at Western eee 0 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE shows this season.Baron Kiloin was imported hy Graham, Renfrew Co., Toronto, and is a horse of quality, with size and fine underpinning.Next to him in the aged class stood Hyacinthus, imported by Smith & Richardson, another horse of substance and high quality.The championship in females went to May Queen, an Ontario bred three-year- old, shown by Alex.Doherty.In the heavy draft classes, Clydes- lales figured prominently, and a fine display of Canadian-breds faced the judges.The championship in stallions went to a year-old son of General Favorite, shown by Joseph Kilgour.A G.Gormley won out in females with his finely bred mare, \u201cWhite Heather\u2019\u2019, sire Fullerton, a stallion that has a record for good stock.Shires made a hetter showing than for some years past, and honors were strongly contested for.The gray stallion \u2018Proportion\u2019 won in aged stallions, and landed the championship.He is owned by Porter Bros., who also won the female championship with their three-year- old filly \u2018\u2018Kitchener\u2019s Topsy.\u201d Never has a better show of Percherons heen seen east of the great lakes.It was a strong show throughout.The three-year-old stallions formed a line-up that were equal in quality to anything shown in the West, where the Percheron is more popular than in the East.The championship in stallions went to J.W.Tackabirry on his model gray stallion \u2018\u201c\u2018Glasdorae\u2019\u2019 and in females to Hodgkinson & Tisdale of Beaver- ton on \u2018\u2018Imperatrice.\u2019\u2019 With the exception of the Thoroughbreds, the light horse show had nothing over previous shows at Toronto.The thoroughbreds, however, put up one of the best displays of the breed ever seen at Toronto.The Canadian National Bureau of Breeding were strong exhibitors and winners.The Hackney display brought out nothing very new, championship in stallions going to that old-time winner \u2018\u2018Crayke Mikado\u2019\u2019.The same might be said of the standard-breds, the horses to the top being \u2018\u2018Mogra- zia\u2019\u2019 and \u2018\u2018Okum Belle\", champions in males and females respectively, and from the stables of Miss K.L.Wilks of Galt.The harness classes were long and strong throughout.SHEEP AND SWINE As usual the display of sheep and swine was good.Sheep were not out in as large numbers as last year.The swine classes were, however as strong as ever, with the bacon breeds to the front.DAIRY PRODUCTS The display of cheese and butter did not vary from that of other years in quantity.In quality it was fine all the way through.The trophy for the best cheese exhibited went to R.A.Thompson, Attwood Ont., whose total score was 98.49 points.The butter trophy was won by John Anderson, Renfrew, Ont., whose butter scored 98.99 points.W.H.Stewart, Frontier ; J.H.Martin, St.Valentine, and Clerc, Foster, J.H.Le- represented Quebec, and carried away some of the best awards, the first named securing first in section 1, wuth a score of 98.25 points.\u201cOntario\u2019\u2019.II\u2014FROM A QUEBEC POINT OF VIEW.AYRSHIRE EXHIBIT EXCEPTIONALLY STRONG.The record brightens as the Canadian National ages.The show recently concluded, differed from its forebears in degree, not in kind.This year the evidence of inadequate accommodation for Live-Stock was more outstanding than ever.Desirable growth in any exhibition must get genuine support from our best breeders, These breeders must have comfortable and convenient shelter for high-classed stock if the quality of the show is to be maintained.They expect it and rightly so.AYRSHIRES.The Ayrshire breeders from the Province of Quebec were there in full force.Such a strong combination of breed-type, substance and quality, is rarely seen.The herds of R.R.Ness and Hector Gordon of Howick, Que.; P.D.McArthur, North Georgetown, Que.; and Ryanoque Farms, Brewster, N.- Y., are quite sufficient to remind the reader of the quality and excellence of the showing.Ontario Ayrshire Breeders also made a most creditable showing and won a portion of the good prizes.The herds of Alex.Home & Co., and Wm.Stewart & Son of Menie, Ont; A.S.Turner & Son, Ryckman\u2019s Corners, Ont.; Trethway Farm, Weston, Ont.; H.C.Hamill & Co., Box Grove Ont., and D.Hillaker of Burgess- ville Ont., made competition keen and decisions close.HOLSTEINS Mr.Neil Sangster of Ormston, Que., had the undivided honor of exhibiting Quebec Holsteins in strong competition with Lake-View Farm, Bronte, Ont.; A.C.Hulet and James Rettie, Norwich, Ont.; Haley Bros, Springfield, Ont.; and John McKenzie of Willowvale, Ont.Mr.Sangster\u2019's herd showed remarkable excellence.One of the most notable wins was in the 2-year old Bull class, where Mr.Sangster\u2019s \u2018\u2018Pleasant Hill, Korndyke, Pontiac,\u201d won first honors.This bull was selected as Reserve Grand Champion of the $500 Breed Prize.Long distance transportation always increases the risk that breeders are obliged to face when exhibiting their stock.This being true is sufficient explanation why Quebec Breeders of Horses, Beef Cattle, Sheep and Swine, were not at the Canadian National in full force.To those Breeders who overcame the difficulties involved in transportation and who won a name for uniform Quebec with the excellence of their stock, a great deal of credit is due.R.B.C. SHERBROOKE FAIR In spite of the fact that Providence this year did not favor Canada\u2019s great Eastern Exhibition ( the weather being anything but cheerful on the second day) the Fair will rank well with the big ones of the Dominion.Other fair dates including Toronto clashed with those of Sherbrooke, and no doubt prevented some of Quebec's best breeders from attending.However, a number of Ontario bfeeders were present, and on the whole the stock classes were well filled.The horse exhibit has been better than it was this year.Quite a large number were shown but had it not been for a very few veterans such as Robt.Ness & Sons of Howick, T.B.McCaulay of Hudson Heights, and Geo.Pepper of Toronto, quality and class would have been conspicuously absent.These exhibitors with perhaps one or two more, however, furnished an abundance of good material, and of course captured the bulk of the prizes.In cattle, Ayrshires provided the feature of the display, although French Canadians, Jerseys, Holsteins, Aberdeen-Angus and Shorthorns were all represented.The Ayrshire prizes were fairly well distributed among James Boden of Danville, D.Watt and J.Logan of Howick, \u2014 Boden getting most of the individual prizes while Watt took male championship on a promising yearling bull, and first on aged herd female championship going to Logan on his aged cow, and also first on the young herd.Messrs.Denis, Coulomb & Sylvestre exhibited the French Canadians.Bull & Sons of Brampton Ont were there with a string of Jerseys, and competed with Dr.Ball's herd from Ayer's Cliff.Dr.Ball also showed a herd of Guernseys.Messrs.Spofford & McLeod divided honors in the Angus classes, and Geo.Parker was the chief exhibitor in Shorthorns.Sheep and swine were both strong this year, and would indicate that the province was paying more attention to these two classes.Poultry as usual made a splendid display.Fruit and vegetables deserve special mention.The exhibit was large and equally attractive in appearance and quality.H.B.COUNTY FAIR REPORTS.ARGENTEUIL.The Argenteuil Agricultural Society held its annual fair on the 5th, 6th, and 7th of September, at La- chute.In comparison with previous years hardly as large a number of exhibits were out.Especially was THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE summer, together with a change of date of the fair (which was originally set for three weeks later) was partly responsible.A fairly good exhibit of horses was brought out in \u2018both the heavy and light classes.A ew very good individuals in the Clydesdale classes were exhibited.The ! sheep exhibit was up to the average, some very creditable Shropshires and Leicesters being on exhibition.G.W.W.BEAUHARNOIS.Live Stock the prominent feature.Any fair to be of greatest educational value should have for its motto \u201cBetter Agriculture\u2019.First- class stock always claims admiration and this year at St-Louis de Gonza- gue on Sept., 14th, live-stock was a very strong feature of the show.It was an all round success without artificial attraction, showing that the visitors had the correct motive for attending.A great deal of credit is due President Allen McDonald of Valleyfield and Secretary W.Martin of St-Louis, along with their Directors.Those who were in a position to know stated that all the entries eclipsed those of previous year, the entries in Dairy Cattle comparing very favorable with those of the largest Fairs in the Province.Horses were unusually strong.Cly- desdales appeared in largest numbers, although the other heavy breeds were well represented.In Light Horse classes the competition was keen too.A striking feature of the horse display was the high show-condition in which they appeared.A stronger showing of Dairy Cattle at any District Exhibition would be difficult to find.Uniformity in breed- type with the promise of being \u2018\u2018producers\u2019 was specially evident.A large number of special prizes increased enthusiasm in the vicinity of the Show Ring.The Sheep display was larger than that of last year.Cotswolds and Leicesters were unusually strong.The Swine exhibit was not extensive but was of good quality.Chester Whites and Yorkshires were most in evidence.In the Agricultural Building the Dairy and Fruit exhibits were the chief attractions.The quality of these exhibits reflect a great deal of credit on those responsible for its management.R.B.C.-BROME.A Very successful fair was this year held by the Brome County Agricultural Society at Brome, on the 11th, 12th, and 13th of September, there being both a good exhibit and a large attendance.The class in live stock contained some very good individuals, this marked in the horticultural and (In cattle \u2014 Ayrshires, Holsteins, cattle classes.The managers of the |Guernseys, and Shorthorns were all fair should endeavor to locate the[represented; while in horses the cause of this deficiency, and take steps to remedy it, the cattle exhibit strongest features of the fair.because formerly in evidence was one of the Hogs were exhibited in good numbers No {and were of good quality.Probably lighter roadster type was much more than the heavier class.doubt the dry weather of the past the most outstanding feature of this fair is the splendid exhibit in building, the classes in Domestic Work, Maple products, Cookery Garden and Field Crops, being filled to overflowing.Agriculturally there was a marked contrast between it and Huntingdon.Whether this is due to the Management, or to the demands of the people, who may be more given to sport, is perhaps a question.However, from an agricultural, educative point of view Brome certainly has to take second place to Huntingdon.Yet an abundance of good stock was exhibited, particularly light horses and swine.The county is well known as a light horse section, and most of the farmers seem \u2018satisfied to continue with this class rather than take to the heavier horse.Horse racing occupied a prominent place on the programme, and during the last day most of the time was given up for this purpose.Swine would rank second to Bedford as a county fair exhibit.H.B.HUNTINGDON, DIVISION A.The annual fair of the Agricultural Society, Division A, Huntingdon, was held at Huntingdon on the 7th and 8th of September.Although the number of exhibits was said to be below the average, the fair on the whole was a decided success.This fair contains a number of commendable features which are not generally found in the average fair.For example\u2014 the judging competition of live stock for farmers\u2019 sons under twenty-five years of age; the printed programme containing the events, together with the time each class is judged; the absence of side shows and horse-racing.Along with the general promptness and businesslike method with which everything is conducted these features make it to say the least a very educative fair, and one which other societies will do well to copy.The exhibit of eattle and horses are the strong features of the fair.In cattle, Ayrshires led in numbers although a very good exhibit of Holsteins were out.Heavy and light horses were out in good numbers, and some excellent individuals were shown in both cases.The display in the building was very commendable, although the exhibit of fruit was rather small.Taking it all round, Huntingdon may be put down as a thoroughly agricultural show, and as such, from any standpoint will rank as a real success.G.W.W.HUNTINGDON, DIVISION B.The fair of the Huntingdon Agrieul- tural Society, Division B, which is held in the Township of Havelock, came off on the 12th of September.The weather, being rather cold and windy, no doubt prevented a number from attending.Nevertheless there was a fairly good attendance.The exhibits on the whole were fairly good.Horticultural products made a very creditable exhibit, while live stock was shown in fairly good numbers.I think that this fair the | 85 could be made still more valuable if it extended over two days instead of one.This would allow a greater length of time for both observation and judging, which at the present time is very hurried.G.W.W.MISSISQUOI.The Missisquoi County Fair was held at Bedford on the 29th, 30th, and 31st of August.The weather was all that could be expected, which favored the large attendance at the show.The exhibit of live stock was fairly good, especially the hog exhibit which was exceptionally large and of good quality.In horses, the roadster types were much more in evidence than those of the heavy draught, while in cattle the exhibit was good, two noticeable herds being those of Montgomery and Kay, both of which were afterwards exhibited at Sherbrooke.The Swine Exhibit was pronounced by Professor Barton of Macdonald College, who acted as judge, to be the best he had ever seen at a county fair.Sheep, however, were a disappointment to him, especially in view of the fact he claimed that in this county they should prove particularly valuable, and he was quite surprised to find them so much neglected.The exhibit in the building was rather light and said to be below the average.Horse-racing played a very important part at this fair, so much so that it is probably distracting the attention of the public from the more educative features, but it seems nearly impossible to manage a fall fair without the introduction of horse racing to attract the crowd.G.W.W.RICHMOND.The Richmond Agricultural Society held their annual fair at Richmond on the 13th and 14th of September.The fact that the fair dates and that of Nomination collided somewhat lessened the attendance on the last day.The exhibits in the building were very good, two splendid collections of garden vegetables deserve special mention for both their size and quality.The classes in Live Stock were fairly well filled.Although the light horses classes were much better filled than the heavy at this show, it is encouraging to note the recent introduction of Clydesdale fillies.G.W.W.SHEFFORD.On the thirtieth and thirty-first of August, Shefford County held annual fair at Waterloo.The event came \u2018off fairly successfully.The weather was fine and a large crowd turned out.Live stock made a fair showing.In cattle one well fitted herd of Ayrshires was brought out, but the majority of the cattle were exhibited in rather poor fit.The lighter stamp of horses was shown much more extensively, and contained better individuals than did the heavy.A special prize was given this year for the best pulling.team of her 86 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE horses, This event created a great deal of interest, and was won by a team of strongly built heavy horses, and was a splendid illustration of the value of the draught horse for farm work.The introduction of a little system in running off the different events would, I think, add greatly to the value of the county fair, as the intervals between the various events were rather lengthy to be enjoyable.This defect has been overcome by the managers of some fairs by publishing a programme of events, together with the time at which such class is judged.With the programme the spectator is enabled to so plan his day's outing that he may get the greatest amount of benefit from the fair.G.W.W.JUDGING COMPETITIONS A number of Quebec's best fairs, including Sherbrooke and Huntingdon, have seen fit to provide Judging Competitions for young men.In this they make no mistake.The interest manifested was particularly keen this year, and the work on the whole surprisingly good.These competitions, if properly conducted and allowed a little time on the programme, can be made excellent features of any fair, not only as an opportunity for those who take part, but both entertaining and instrue- tive to the many visitors who can very easily be attracted to them.This year explanations were given before, and after, the boys did their work on the various classes; and the crowds of outsiders who gathered around at the time may be taken as a measure of the interest and appreciation manifested in this work from year to year.Usually a number of Macdonald students, either regular or short course, take part, and for them it is an excellent opportunity for bractice and further experience.AWARDS IN THE JUDGING COMPETITIONS.HUNTINGDON FAIR.Ayrshires\u2014 1.Alex.R.Ness, Howick, Que.2.W.H.Elliot, Howick.3.W.C.Tully, Athelstan.4.G.Gordon, Moe.Holsteins\u2014 I.E.8.Crutchfield, Huntingdon.2.A.H.Crutchfield, Huntingdon.3.Denis McCarthy, New Erin.4.W.G.MeDougall, Tatehurst.5.Barclay Muir, Huntingdon.Heavy Horses\u2014 1.W.G.McDougall, Tatehurst.2.W.H.Elliott, Howick.3.Barclay Muir, Huntingdon.GRAIN.No.1.Chas.MeClary.Hillhurst.2.V.Matthews, McDoaald College.3.Geo.Muir, Howick.A, es 7\u2019 MAAR ARAAEEL AA AAR ALEER ERS Che Dairy ; | RAAAAAAAARAARARARAARARAA 2 THE QUEBEC COOPERATIVE CHEESEMAKERS SOCIETY.Cheese Factory and Creameries Competition.Montreal, Aug.24 1911, With the aim of discovering the various merits of the proprietors and manufacturers of dairy products, and to encourage them in the same path, the Cooperative Society has this year opened a competition for the best factories and the best makers of butter and cheese.There will be 10 prizes, a total of $300., for cheese makers.10 Prizes, a total of butter makers.10 Prizes, a total of $300., for best kept cheese factories.10 Prizes, a total of $300., for the best kept creameries.$300,, for the The whole sum of the makers\u2019 prizes will be paid over to them.There will be a division of the prizes for the best kept factories, between the owner and the maker, the proprietor receiving 3-4, and the maker\u20141-4.The entry to the competition for the best kept creamery is free.The entry to the competition for the best kept cheese factory will be $2.00.: 4.B.T.Read, Ulverton.5.A.Denis, St.Cuthbert.POTATOES.No.1.Chas.McClary, Hillhurst.one .A.Taylor, Dewittville, .V.Matthews, McDonald College.4.C.Denis, St.Cuthbert.Geo.Muir, Howick, Que.SHEEP.A.Taylor, Dewittville.C.Denis, St.Cuthbert.Geo.Muir, Howick.E.Miltimore, SherbrooXke.KE.C.Warner.SWINE.KE.Miltimore, Sherbrooke.A.Taylor, Dewittville.E.C.Miltimore, Sherbrooke.R.E.Husk, Ulverton.C.Deonis, St.Cuthbert.DAIRY CATTLE.B.T.Read, Ulverton.Chas.McClary, Hillhurst.I.Kirby, Sand Hill.A.Taylor, Dewittville.C.Denis, St.Cuthbert.BEEF CATTLE .Geo.Muir, Howick.A.Taylor, Dewittville.C.Hodge, Cookshire.G.Matthews, McDonald College.ce Len I wo Ww NH \u2014 wn 0 NH 5.A.B.Lyster, Kirkdale.The prizes are given by the Hon.J.-E.Caron, Minister of Agriculture of the Province of Quebec.All entries must be recorded at the office .of the manager of the Cooperative Society, 45 William St., Montreal.AUG.TRUDEL, Manager.DAIRY COMPETITION.This year, as usual, competitions in dairy products will be organized, and the makers of butter and cheese who desire to compete are asked to send their names and addresses to the secretary of the competition, Department of Agriculture, Cnebec, These names will be listed, \u2018::d when the time for competition av1ives orders to forward the ;rad:ets will be addressed to them with the necessary instructions.The prizes will be the sane as in preceding years, that 1s to say, a diploma, a bronze or silver medal, and a money prize.| NOTICE.Registration of Factories.Proprietors, managers, \u2018r agents of cheese factories or creameries are reminded that they must register their factories with the Department of Agriculture at Quebec Lefore January 1st 1912, Those who have not yet registered, and have not tke necessary blanks, should apply for them at once to the Department.THE DANGERS OF COOPERA- TION.Some time ago we drew the attention of the dairymen in the district round Montreal to the advantages of cooperation in selling milk to the Montreal city dairies.Among the many advantages of such combined selling, and certainly not the least important, is that the dairymen would be more sure of their money for the milk, as the Montreal representative could discriminate in selecting his buyers, and the combine could start legal proceedings more easily.Lately, however, we learnt that some ambitious milk producers wish to go much further, and collect the retail profits also, by starting a cooperative city dairy.Such a step should not be taken without due consideration, and we would point out certain dangers in the path to success.A cooperative milk supply company has exactly the combined charges, difficulties and expenses of the individual milk producer, sales agent, and city dairy, that individually did the work before.The only advantage of the cooperative system is the good will of all parties concerned.The direct consequence of this fact is that the men who attend to the various branches of the industry must be thoroughly competent and in the same class with the able managers of the successful city dairies; otherwise the issue will be a failure.It is this simple truth that is generally overlooked in cooperative industries.The patrons often imagine that cooperation itself is quite sufficient, and forget to select the right man who will make the business pay, or are unable to procure such a man at short notice.Once a man asked a friend what the difference was between a shoe trust, and a cooperative shoe company that was just then incorporated.The friend gave the following definition:\u2014 \u2018\u201c A trust is a cooperation of successful producers and salesmen, whilst in cooperative business the successful salesmen are conspicuous by their absence.\u2019\u2019 A great many cooperative concerns have been successful from the very start because the promoter was a good manager, but such concerns generally lose in efficiency when the original promoter retires.The same happens with non-cooperative companies, and the history of the failure of a city dairy may be a lesson to our would-be dairy owners.Four years ago a man came to large city with ten thousand dollars in his pocket, and the intention of becoming the owner of a city dairy.He had two brothers who were willing to help him.They started on a small scale, one man supplying the brains and his brothers the unskilled labour.The dairy flourished and increased considerably in size until one day our friend found that the concern had outgrown him, and that it was impossible for him to attend to all details personally.He tried to hand over some of the responsibilities to a his brothers ; but they made a failure of it as they had no managing ability.The city dairy referred to is now in a state of liquidation, as it was impossible to run it without skilled management.Our friend tried for a long time to run it alone, but when he attended to the factory end of the business the city trade would go all wrong, and when he gave his attention to the city trade the factory was a failure.This example taken from a private business holds good for many cooperative concerns.The only dfference is that in cooperative husiness the patrons are SO numerous that the capital, and therefore : the losses, are much larger.(Continued Page 88) . THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 87 (Males and Females) Ail pure bred and Registered GENERAL ORGANIZED BY THE STOCK BREEDERS\u2019 -ASSOCIATION OF THE PROVINCE OF QUEBEC UNDER THE PATRONAGE AND WITH THE FINANCIAL HELP OF Honorable J.E.GARGN, Minister of Agriculture of the Province of Quebec and Honorable 3.FISHER, Minister of Agriculture of the Dominion.AT MONTREAL (CORNERS OF FRONTENAC AND IBERVILLE STREETS) Xt 10.330 XÆ.M.l'hurvsday., {93th October 1911 EBEC At Savard Park, 10.30 AW WEDNESDAY, 7 ££ vi x 4 TEE 2) - 18th OCTOBER 1011 The way to the East End Cattle follows: Market, at Montreal, is as The sheep offered for sale will be of following breeds: Leicester, Cotswold, Lincoln, Shropshire, Hampshire, Oxford.The breeds of the swine offered for sale will be Yorkshire, Berkshire, Chester, Tamworth, Duroc-Jersey.From Grand Trunk Railway depot and from Canadian Pacific Railway depot, (Windsor St.) Take WINDSOR & ST LAWRENCE street cars, going east; change car at MONT-ROYAL street, going east; get off at FRONTENAC street.From Canadian Pacific Viger station: Take St.Denis street car going north, change at Mont-Royal street going east; get off at Frontenac street.CONDITIONS\u2014 CASH, except to Farmers\u2019 Clubs and Agricultural Societies which will be allowed time on terms that will be given on day of sale.FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ADDRESS J.A.COUTURE, Secretary of Stock Breeders\u2019 Association, 49 GARDEN STREET, QUEBEC.| At the East End Cattle = 88 This spring we happened to be in Rotterdam, Holland, when a large cooperative cily dairy went bankrupt, after losing $100,000 in three months.When this cooperative concern started three months enrlier, everything scemed in their favor ; they controlled lots of milk, and the existing city dairy was making big profits.However, they forgot that\u2019 these profits were made by a very capable manager, and that to get these profits they must have a still better man at the head of their dairy; and so they lost accordingly.We cannot describe in detail the qualities necessary for a successful manager of a city dairy.We only want to make it plain that if cooperators expect the combined profits of existing concerns they must.supply the brains also which made these profits possible.Most business managers have grown old in the concerns they manage and no greenhorn can beat them at their own game.If milk producers want to start à successful cooperative dairy they must pay for a trained manager.This is very expensive, as it is difficult to induce a really capable man to start on an uncertain future.One of their own number won't do.We therefore advise our farmers to keep near home.They have sold milk for years, and are able to do that at a profit, so they can cooperate in selling milk to city dairies, and thus remove competition themselves and raise the milk prices.But they ought to be very among careful before invading the city dairies, and thus remove competition compete with experienced men grown old in the trade.J.VANDERLECK.HOW TO GET THE HIGHEST PRICES FOR CHEESE AND BUTTER.cheese and butter makers joining the Provincial Coopérative Society.Tusist on your Question.\u2014 We do not sell our cheese at the price given in the papers.When the sale of cheese is given as 11 1-2c.and 12¢.per pound we only get 10c.Why are we cheated like this ?How can we sell at a higher price?We are tricked by the makers or the buyers.\u2014X, St.J., Shefford.Answer.\u2014 As a rule the sale prices of cheese and butter published in the papers are correct cnough, One thing is certain and that is that if your cheese passes through several hands it leaves commission with each agent, and by just so much the patron is the loser.Our sale system is most defective and there is too much apathy and unconcern among the farmers.In fact they do not watch the trade closely enough.We are not business men, and we let the owners and makers at the factories have their own T do not wish to preach revolt to the THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE farmers but it is time they awoke.If the \u201cJournal of Agriculture\u2019 was read more carefully they would know that there exists a Provincial Cooperative Agricultural Society of Cheese\u2014 and Butter-Makers, supported by the government of Quebec, which pays for dairy products according to their value; they would know that the sale of these products was not left to chance since the Government guarantees the sales; they would know that this Society pays the highest market prices, not only of Quebec hut in the whole Dominion.I do not mean to say that your cheese will fetch 12c.the pound when it is only worth 10c., but at least you will have the satistaction of knowing why your cheese only sold for 10c, instead of 12, if the customary price is 12c.You will be told whether it is the result of bad factory equipment, or the ignorance or neglect of the maker, or the patrons\u2019 bad milk.In fact you will see your way in the matter, while at present you grope along not knowing whom to make responsible\u2014the proprietor, the maker, or the patrons.This is what you must do,\u2014 1st., nominate 5 or 7 directors; 2nd, form an Inspection Syndicate; 3rd, register your factory in the Quebec Cooperative Agricultural Society of Cheese- Makers with Mr.Auguste Trudel, 45 William St., Montreal.If your maker, or the proprietor of your factory, refuses to render you an account, leave them all and form a cooperative cheese society.I know many makers who have failed because they have treated their patrons badly, not rendering account of the sales, not building curing rooms or cooling rooms, or not wishing to replace defective equipment, etc., etc.The public, weary of this treatment, have left them, some buying hand separators, others combining and forming cooperative societies.Yes, the time is past when the butter and cheese maker had absolute control of the commodity brought him.He serves the public, and if they wish to sell his dairy products through the Quebec Cooperative Agricultural Society of Cheesemakers he must consent with alacrity.Further, I must warn you against the makers who refuse to do this; they either have bad equipment, or lack the knowledge required to produce a first-class article.Good makers with good equipment and the requisite knowledge of their trade hasten to enroll in this cooperative society.They are not afraid of competition for the sale of their products.Those who condemn the Provincial Cooperative Society are governed by personal interest, and because they miss the commissions on the sales way too much.they condemn it.Truly the Quebec Government never did a greater deed than when this Society was or- , ganized, whose aim is to pay the farmer the value of his butter and cheese.What can be more just than paying for a product according to its value ?That certain buyers regard this organization with disfavor is not to be wondered at.Before now a buyer has mixed good and bad products, making an average price and therefore great loss to the farmers.This is easy to understand.Here is an example.An egg merchant mixes fresh eggs with old ones.Will not the fresh eggs have lost most of their value?It is just the same when good dairy products are mixed with those of inferior quality.When these products only fetch one price why should the farmer bring good milk to the factory if the superior quality sells no better than the inferior ?And what motive has the maker for improving his system and the patrons for improving the condition of the milk if the price for the good and bad product is uniform ?It is strange that we never thought before of selling our products according to their value and that the cheese and butter exporters could not discriminate in price.Further, they tell me that the buyers were against the classification of dairy produce so as to buy cheaper, and that they were making most of their profit by purchasing bad butter and cheese.How so ?By lowering the price of superior products.This is simply robbing the good maker, and the good patron.At last the Government has intervened, and to stop this abuse has decided to unite all good makers of butter and cheese in the Province in a Cooperative Society, and to sell directly to the exporters without employing commission agents.Certain exporters and commission agents, more interested in moneymaking than in classifying products, show their teeth and criticise this act of the Government.But right- minded honest exporters, having at heart the sale in England of good dairy products, approve, and have determined to buy from the Cooperative at the highest market price and according to value.All the better, for if the exporters had unanimously refused the produce of the Cooperative, the latter would have sent their products , direct to England.Who can complain then of the Government's action, when you are now paid the value of your products?Farmers, you must not hesitate.Compel your makers to join the Cooperative.For terms, write to A.Trudel Esq., 45 William St., Montreal.DR.W.GRIGNON.BRIE CHEESE.The manufacture of Brie cheese is a very profitable industry for the farmers of Brie, a small village in the department of Somme in the north of France.The actual labour spent in making the cheese is very small, but to conduct the curing in a satisfactory way is and only first class saleable.not so easy cheese is Brie cheese belongs to the group of soft cheeses and its ripening partly due to moulds of the is peni- cillium variety.It may be useful to discuss the ripening process before describing the manufacturing.The ripening can be divided in two different phases.In the first we have the development of organisms which enable the real curing germs to do their work later on.We might call these germs preparatory organisms.This group consists of lactic acid bacteria and two varieties of Penicillium (candidum and album) and prefers acid surroundings.The real curing organisms of the second group need a neutral or alkaline medium.From the moment the curd has formed in the cheese-vat the lactic acid bacteria grow rapidly, turning the material more and more acid.A few days later the penicillium appears, gradually covering the surface with a velvety layer.After about a fortnight the mould dies, the layer of velvet becomes thinner and thinner and the cheese turns red, that is, the whole surface becomes covered with numerous orange coloured colonies which attack the casein and peptonize it (make it soluble) .The inside of the cheese, which was white and acid, undergoes a change starting and becomes at the outside, yellow and alkaline, This is the normal ripening of the cheese, but often without any apparent cause the Penicillium stays away, or the red colour does not appear.These are the difficulties the cheese maker has to guard against.We will consider now the different manipulations to which the milk is subjected in order to give the desired fermentation.Immediately after milking rennet is added to the warm milk, which has a temperature of 86° F., and the coagulation is complete in two hours.The coagulated milk is sliced and ladled into bottomless anetal moulds placed on straw mats ; the slices taken as big as possible.In this way each mold is half filled and put away until the evening milking, when the milk is again treated in the same way and the moulds filled to their full capacity.Each mould takes 12 to 16 quarts of milk.After the morning filling of the moulds, they are placed seven high to keep the temperature vp.The cheesemakers collect the milk of two milkings to get the right acidity, otherwise the mould development is retarded.The right acidity was given us as 22 degrees of an unknown scale, Nearly three quarters of the content of each mould must drip off as whey and in order to do this quickly the moulds are placed on the table in a slanting position.At this moment the fermentation starts, the growth of the organisms being encouraged in every way.The rooms are connected with the cow stable and so a moist heat is produced.For the development of the moulds the rooms must be kept at 64* 68° F.If the temperature is too low or the curd not acid enough the penicillium does not appear.After 4 days the cheese is placed in the dry- THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 89 ing room, where it remains until sold.The temperature is kept below 58° F., and the mould develops uniformly, without forming a very heavy coating.At the end of about 10 days it is nearly 1-2 inch thick.The cheese is turned daily, thus restricting the mould development.In the older cheese-factories the cheese vat, moulds and boards, are teeming with organisms, necessary for the ripening of the cheese; tut there is still a more certain means of inoculation.As we said before, the metal moulds have no bottom, but are placed on small mats of straw or other material.The straw mats, called cajets, are in direct contact with the curd.They are exchanged daily and thus convey the germs from one cheese to another.It is a point of honour among the cheese makers to keep these cajets in a perfect condition, but they are always liable to become a source of infection.The cajets must be dried regularly and in winter this in done near the fire, often in a general waiting room, where dust of all kinds contaminates the caj- ts.Such a cajet put under a Brie cheese is sure to cause trouble.Many manufacturers keep their cajets in a separate room, but it is very difficult to prevent contamination altogether.Some of the most trouflesome infections are in the tirst place tre well known green mould, Iericil- lium glancum.It is of the same group as the useful ::oulds und is the ripening organism of Camembert Cheese.In Brie cheese, however, it is a regular curse and farners call it the black nuisance \u2019\u2019, due io its dark shading, Oidium lactis.The milk mould is another pest, and causes running of the cheese, It is as much feared as the green mould, but luckily it can only develop in cheese that is too wet or not salted.Mucor mucedo, may also appear sometimes.This mould is easily recognised for it forms long threads with black balls at the end.It gives ie the cheese a bitter taste and prevents the growth of penicillium for want of space.It appears generally near the stable, the fumes of which are supposed to be very nutritious.When these infections become too prevalent the cheese maker disinfects his rooms with sulphate of copper, whitewashing them afterwards.This treatment destroys all mould life, and cheese put in such a drying room will not ripen at all.The cheesemaker horrows some cajets from a more fortunate neighbour.Gradually the moulds reappear and soon the fermentation runs its normal course.Other cheesemakers wash the walls, moulds, and hoards with whey from their other cheese, and so encourage the ripening.As early as 1898, Roger advised the use of pure cultures, isolated from first quality cheese.Curd treated with such cultures showed the appearance of penicillium several days earlier, and the feeling is that CAV VOVAVVAV OVO + + + Poultry + + EASA DY SANDYS SEASONABLE NOTES.Get those early pullets into winter \u2018 laying quarters and give them liberal but restricted range with an abundance of green food in addition to the regular ration.If the growing feed differs much from the laying feed make a gradual change and not an abrupt one.An abrupt change of diet will sometimes start, old hens laying, but it should not be necessary with pullets and in some cases may get them out of condition.\u2018order and to prevent their becoming too fat before starting to lay.After \u2018laying is established they are not | liable to put on enough fat to hurt them, but exercise won\u2019t do any harm.Exercise does not mean that you should make the birds work for every kernel they get.Exercise is a good thing, but it \u2018isn\u2019t necessary to work them so hard that they burn up most of | their food in making power for muscular work.Sometimes you can have too much of a good thing.This is a season when some folk Heavily fed pullets should be|sell off a lot of their pullets and kept busy to keep them in good |hens \u2018\u2018because they don\u2019t lay, and these cultures will do much to produced in the province of Quebec.prevent the growth of troublesome organisms.We investigated the whole process of the manufacture of Brie Cheese extensively, and do not see any reason why it could not be QUEBEC CHEESEMAKERS BUTTER SALE, The demand for soft cheese is increasing by leaps and bounds; the \u2018actual labour is very small; and we see good profits for the small cattle holder in this province.| J.VANDERLECK.\u2019 COOPERATIVE SOCIETY., AUG.25th 1911.By Aug.Trudel, manager, at the Board of Trade.Quantity of boxes.Quality.Buyer.Price.PAT Extra creuse Special Matthews Ltd, \u2026\u2026\u2026.uv 25 3-4 \u20ac S315.Special se C.D.Warrington, .25 1-2 \u20ac 32 in NO.2 viii Can.Agri.Produce Co., 25 c CHEESE SALE, AUG.31 st 1911.WHITE.Quantity of boxes, Quality.Buyer.Price.11 EE Special ses Jas.Alexander, I.td, .13 3-8 ¢ 1167.cnc eue No.1 inne Hodgson Bros., & Rowson Ltd, co iin ver vervenses 13 5-16¢ TL rien, No.2 nn Lowell & Christmas Ltd 13 1-4 \u20ac COLORED.2101 RO Special cernes Coop.Wholesale Society, 13 3-8 ¢ 522.iii No.1 vivian.Lowell & Christmas, Ltd,.13 3-8 ¢ 140.0, NO.2 riverine Lowell & Christmas I,td, 13 1-4 \u20ac CHEESE SALE, SEPT., 7, 1911.WHITE.Quantity of boxes, Quality.Buyer.Price, 87.erie Special cesser Lowell & Christmas Ltd, 13 7-8 \u20ac 940.cei es No.1 .ccccccsccsscuure Gunn, Langlois & Co., .13 13-16¢ 532i, No.2 iis Jas.Alexander, Ltd, .13 3-4 \u20ac COLORED.381 iii, Special Leurs A.McCullough & Co., .13 13-16c BIO.Leee ee cce nee NO.1 .cccecsseneeues Lowell & Christmas Ltd.,.131-4 \u20ac 107, No.2 enn, Gunn, Langlois & Co., Ltd, 13 5-8 \u20ac CHERSE SALE, SEPTEMBER 14.WHITE.Quantity of boxes.Quality.Buyer.Price.1055.Special Gunn, Langlois & Co., Ltd, 14 11-16c 920.iii, No.L ini Jas.Alexander, I.td, .14 9-16c 715.cesecceen eee NO.2 ines Gunn, Langlois & Co., Ltd, 14 7-16c COLORED.267.icine, Special erreurs Hodgson Bros., & Rowson, Ltd, .\u2026.cir enn cnn, 14 9-16c 443.iii, No.1 iii, Lowell & Christmas Ltd, 141-2 ¢ 233.sse nan sens No.2 iin, Gunn, Langlois & Co., Ltd.14 7-16c Nine times out have had just grain is so high.\u201d of ten their birds enough food to keep them alive and in tair order, with no surplus for fat making or for making eggs.If you can get a chance to buy such birds that are of good size and healthy, buy \u2018em.In from two to three weeks time with a liberal ration you can have them laying and you can keep them laying all winter.Many will be sold for what it costs to raise them and less.If there are any leaks in the poultry house roof, patch them up.You want a good tight roof before fall storms and winter snows come.Give the poultry houses an overhauling and begin to prepare for the cold season.Fall colds may be prevented avoiding the following common sources of trouble: Close, poorly ventilated sleeping quarters, crowding, dampness, filthy roosting coops, sleeping on the floor, irritating dust, musty or mouldy litter, prolonged exposure to chilling winds and storms without suitable shelter.by colds result from sudden climatic changes, place the birds in open air qgnarters, feed liberally, cleanse mouth and nostrils with a solution of one teaspoonful of creolin and one pint of water or use this solution to dip their heads in.In the latter case dip every day or every other day (according to the severity of the cold) for week; this treatment cure.If catarrhal one will usually It is a good time now, before the pullets are housed for the winter, to have a good general poultry house cleaning.Sweep down all dust and cobwebs from the ceiling and walls, clean out the nests, remove eight inches or more of the top of earth floors, use disinfectants freely, whitewash the interior of the house or spray it with disinfectants.Clean the windows, put in fresh clean sand or fine gravel on the floor, use clean straw, hay, excelsior or sawdust for nesting material.Whitewash is a good sweetner.Strain it through a fine wire strainer or through hurlap and apply with a spray pump.For a whitewash that will not rub off try the following, put on with a broad brush: Slake one peck of lime in boiling water, keep it just covered with water while slaking.Strain through a coarse cloth.Add two quarts of fine salt dissolved in warm water, one pound of rice meal boiled in water to a thin paste, one-quarter of a pound of whiting, and half a pound of glue dissolved in warm water.Mix all thoroughly and let it stand covered for a few days, stirring it occasionally.Heat this wash before using and apply hot.Before plowing up the runs give them a good top dressing 15th air slaked lime. J + 90 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE LYNANINIAARNAIAANINIANSNINI AANINIANINI [| 4 * 2 {Kloman*s orid 2 + + EVO VOI VOI VOIR VOIR VIALE] CHILD WELFARE.This is the age of the child.He is coming to his own ab last, Never before in the world\u2019s history was there so much done to make the period of childhood a delightful one ; never was so much study and thousht bestowed upon of childhood for its own sake; and never was so much effort this period tuade Lo insure the period of chiïd- hood for the child.In January of this present year at it Cost of $100,000 the city of New York held what they called a Child Welfare téyhibit.\u2014 At this, in addition to what was paid for, limitless amount of volunterer work.Following this, in Mav Chicago took the materials New Vork had gathered, added $50,000 to chat, ond held à similar exhibit.The Superintendent of Chicavo Schools is 1 woman, Mrs.Ella Fiare und she, with her body sors, decided there was a Young, of supervi- to make this a great occasion.Instead of usine pictures, she ruled that the exhibit must be real life.Singing in chorus by thousands of children who have never sung together before until gathered for the occasion from the different schools, was very wonderful in the accuracy of time and in the skill and knowledge of their parts.There was a great variety of games and folk dances, hundreds given by different groups of children.One hour cach evening was given to the Boy Scouts, in which they carried through a program.To get a hint of some of the exhibits that were shown, and of the breadth and variety, we quote a few from the lists.Teain work for City boys.The Settlement as a Neighbor.Rest room for babies.Play zones for children.Play things for Children Foods and Feeding of children.The Baby tent.Medical School Inspection.lite., Ete., Etc.A statement was made of all the wage carning children, and how many hours a week they attended schuol.Physical Cruiviug has great attention in Chicago, and the wonderful results were seen in this exhibit, The children have special ew York wher they achieve wonders.Juvenile courts are established where children may be tried for offences in a special court.This had a first place in the great exhibit.And now Boston, St.Lonis, and Brooklyn are going to try this plan of bringing before the citizens and visitors this wonderful work, and in October of this year Montreal is to join the number and give to its citizens both in French and English a Child Welfare J£xhibit.Montreal is said to grow at the rate of from 25,000 to 40,000 yearly.\u2014 Congestion is great in some quarters and we shall soon have slums as bad as can be found in the world.Infant mortality has a very high rate, and it is hoped that such an exhibit may reach the whole city and be of lasting benefit.erinpled schools in J.M.THE TEETH \u2018\u201c An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.\u2019\u201d\u2019\u2014 There is no way lin which this old maxim can he | better applied than in the care of the teeth.It has been found by care- | ful investigation into the relation i of poor teeth to educational prozress, 3 PUIS AIN RY ASAD AS Poultry ave good turn the favor by feeding on the Before putting brooders, brood coops and colony coops away for the winter give them à good deaning with hot water and soap.Scrub them inside and out and use two tablespoonfuls of à ::6God comwineicial creolin in each galion of wash water.Let them dry thorousily mothe sun before storing away.Be sure to store away er v.nter Uses à good supply of cahbages, mangel beets, turnips ord small: potatoes, Waste appl s (0.0 nale vood winter food.K, \u201c.W.insects that trouble the corn.A BOY'S IDEA OF A DUCK.A schoolboy who was assigned to prepare an essay on ducks submitted the following: \u2014 *\u2018 The duck is : low, heavy-set bird, composed mostly of meat and feathers.He is a mizhty poor singer, having a hoarse voice, caused by getting so many frogs in his throat.He likes the water, and \u2018carries a toy balloon in his stomach to keep him from sinking.The duck Chas only two legs, and they are set insect destroyers, The illustration shows a colony house placed beside a patch of corn.The pouitry are benefited during the hot days of summer by the shade furnished by the corn, and they re- so far back on his ruining gear hy nature that they came pretty near | missing his body.Some ducks when | they get hig have curls on their tails ; and are called drakes.Drakes don\u2019t (have to set and hatch, but just loaf \u2018and go in swimming and eat every- \u201cthing in sight.If T was to be a duck I would rather be a drake.\u201d Spare | Moments.\u2019 that children with poor teeth do not advance as rapidly in the public schools as the children whose teeth are comparatively sound.It is also claimed that bad teeth are a menace to health and that there is a close connection hetween sound health and sound teeth.These facts have been gathered after careful inquiry.If a child's teeth decay rapidly it is only reasonable to suppose that as the bone formation of the teeth corresponds in large 1neasure with the bone formation of the rest of the structure, and all body tissue is practically in the same state of health, if the teeth are weak the health vf the whole body is below par.Upon the vroper mastication of food depends largely its digestion and assimilation.If, then, the teeth are so affected ns to prevent proper mastication, all the after processes are weakened by this defect, and the body does not profit as it should by the food taken.By great efforts on the part of many earnest people medical examiners and trained nurses have been secured for the schools of most of the large cities in the United States and Canada, and Boston has a Dental Infirmary costing half a million dollars, where children from five to sixteen years, who cannot afford to have dental work done, may be sent to have their teeth cared for.Montreal does much of this work but has no such luxury as a beautiful building for the purpose.We are not so fortunate as to have either medical examination or nurses\u2019 supervision in the schools in the country, and so we can only keep sounding the warning to busy mothers to see that the children are trained to use tooth brushes every day and especially before going to sleep at night, and as soon as defects are seen have the attention of a good dentist.Our children ave our country\u2019s great asset, and the henithier the childrer the greater the asset.The children themselves do not we do the value of good teeth, and would not realize it if told mary times over, but we are responsible for their welfare and are in duty bound to protect them by our experience.If we jail here we shull deserve their censure in later life, but the faitbful mother who protects and guides over the rough places and by persistent effort conserve: the Lest that youth has to maturity, she it is of whom it was once written by a wise man \u2018\u201c her children shall rise up and call her blessed\u2019\u2019.know as J.M.VENTILATION IN COLD WEATHER.There is a tendency to think of hot air as impure and of cold air as fresh air.\u2014 Both ideas may be quite incorrect, Cold air is not necessarily fresh air, and it is of some importance that just now we begin to think of the means of getting plenty _ THE J OURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE FAIRBANKS-MORSE G.H.P.HORIZONTAL ENGINE THE CANADIAN FAIRBAMKS- Fairbanks Standard Scales-Fairbanks-Morse Gas Engines MONTREAL, ST.JOHN, of our winter of fresh living months.air into all parts rooms during the There are many country houses where windows are never raised, and where the air in some rooms is seldom thoroughly changed.Indeed the windows seem to he nailed down during the cold season.In the pioneer days there was little need to talk of house ventilation but we have made our modern houses almost air tight and many think very little on this subject but more on the saving of fuel.Now while it is very necessary to think of the saving of fuel the fuel will do little good if it is saved at the expense of health.As the TORONTO, DO WINNIPEG, SASKATOON brbebebrbrbrbdrdbebberbrberbrbrbedde db) I Of General x Fnterest FB fff BB BS + \"e = = > > THE PASSING OF THE PROFESSOR.Where is the gray-bearded, bespectacled professor of yesterday, with his deliberate step and bent shoulders, his placid dignity and absentmindedness, his air of studious absorption in things beyond the common ken?He was never young\u2014 Irishman says \u2018\u2018 what\u2019s the world to where he spent the years before he wife's a widdy\u201d\u2019 bad air that a man, when his If every room full of was breathed and an attack of illness, then we would learn to breathe fresh air, but we are so constituted, we have such a hold on life, that many times may we breathe bad air without being actually ill.We fail to see our loss in this respect or have no means of estimating it unless we try both plans, sleeping in a close ill-ventilated room, and sleeping with warm coverings in a room with plenty of fresh air.The difference in our condition in the morning is one way of judging.Every time we feel dull and stupid, heavy and tired from a badly ventilated sleeping room, we are losing in power and in health just as surely as if the bad air had dealt us a blow that knocked us down, and when we take to our work a tired body we must do less productive labor than if we were feeling fit and ready.It is not merely a matter of the price of fuel, it is a national affair.This generation is said to be less strong than the last.\u2014 It cannot be all charged to cigarcttes though the cigarette hahit is most pernicious.One of the causes is surely unhygienic living.We have built close houses and have not allowed for ventilation.Fuel has advanced in price, and the excuse for closing the windows is that we can\u2019t warm all out of doors.Especially the sleeping rooms should have more consideration by the mothers \u2014 Guard well against drafts and clothe the children warmly and let in the fresh air.Only in this way can our bodies be kept strong | and resistant to disease.J.M.| became gray in wisdom is one rebreathed caused | and 1 realized.As .f the pleasing mysteries of life.He was, we record it to his honor, a scholar and a gentleman: the quiet seclusion of his days may have helped him to that priestly benevolence, that gentle tolerance of the vagaries of youth which we recall in him.But where is he now?The magic of the years has changed him into an alert, keen-eyed, firm-lipped man, vigorous physical bearing, whose years ay be, in fact, as many, Lut who seems, if he is forty, to be forty years young.This new man has at once more less authority than the other had.Less, in that the mere fact of a man\u2019s profession nowadays no longer! exempts him from the frank eri- ticism of all around him \u2014 he, personally must \u201c make good\u2019, his \u2018\u201c cloth\u201d: the incidentals to tis work in life, will not save him as Professor to-dav any more than ag clergyman.More authority, however, the new professor has, in that the power which his profession gives lim over the minds and character .i a coming generation is more commonly people have come to appreciate that power, they have come to demand more of the man who uses it.And his power has in fact become very much greater than it used to be, in these days when education is more and more the natural right of all the people, not the privilege of the leisared few, as the old Greek word \u2018\u2018schole\u2019\u2019, meaning \u2018\u2018 leisure \u2019\u2019, from which i school comes \u2014 proclaims it.of water arourd the farm with a FAIRBANKS-MORSE GASOLINE ENGINE You wort have to rely on extra help when vou have an envine.It is always ready MORSE COL.VANCOUVER OTTAWA.WELL, WELL! THIS isa HOME DYE \u201ca that ANYONE EM dyed ALL these = DIFFERENT KINDS \u2014 \u2014 of Goods \u2014\u2014= with the SAME Dye.l used No Chance of Mis- pr takes, Simple and Clean.Send for Free Color Card and Booklet 101, The JOHNSON.RICHARDSON CO.Limited, Montreal, Can, GORBATLTS \u2018 Cs Balsam, = - = A Safe Speedy and Positive (ure The | Safest, Best BLISTER ever used, Takes the place of all liniments for mild or severe action, Removes Bunches or EST from Morses and RE SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY ORF NE.mpossilie to produce scar or blemish, Rots a ie 801d ig warranted to give satisfaction Price $1.59 per bottle, sell by SMrnogigts, oF sent by express, charsen pas.1, With full dhiroctions | for its use Send for descriptive eirevlurs.THE Lat RENCE: WILLIAMS, U 2; Toronto, ont | But the chief reason for the change in the Professor is the deep-going change in the conception of education, and therefore in the function of the professor.It has been a far cry from Bacon\u2019s revolt from the school-men, from his irritation with the learned gentlemen who spent hours discussing how many angels could stand on the point ofa needle, while nature's great handwriting lay waiting everywhere to be translated, to James\u2019 pragmatism, his demand that all theory shall be tested by its workability.Tt is a test we apply very generally nowadays \u2014 not only to abstract questions of philosophy (and the House of Lords \u2014 and the Senate and the Gentleman ) but to Latin in the course of the future housemother, to Greek in the course of the future Civil Engineer.Since everybody is to be educated, must not education be something different from what it was in the old days, when only and many other to work and work well at any season of the vear.Fill in slip and mail it to us.LIMITED CALGARY, MORK - Work LESS Do all vour work such as sawing, pumping such jobs Send me FO Ur cata - log u \u20ac describing Fairbanks - Morse farm engines.Pate of \u201cThe Juma of Agricul ure and Horticulture\u201d No.3518 \u2014Tailor-jacket, 30 to 40 inc.of bust.in 42 Material 21-2 yds width for 36 bust.COUPON Pattern No 3518 Name .No.a Town Street .Province or State .Bust measure .\u2026 : Waist 1 12 à Fill in the coupon, write very plain- lv and address with 10\u20ac, Tept.of Patterns, \u2018The Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture\u2019, Montreal.When vou want a pattern for girl or- child, dont give measure but mention the age.a few were to have it ?What must it be then ?And broadly spoken the answer is Everybody must have a chance to learn to do what he can do best \u2014 Latin and Greek for some still, but by no La Ea VIL THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE neans for all, and not even for the some to make them inusters of the rest, but servants of the whole.The Professor must still be a scholar, a specialist, an expert in his line, as is indicated hy the fact that he is more commonly Doctor than Professor, in recognition of his special training, and that it js coming nore and more Lo be Lrne thal.the Doctor's Degree is a prerequisite for the Professor,- - almost as much us his MM.I, for the physician, But also the Pro fessor of Lo day must.bridge, or rather, \u201cfill in \"\u201d Lhe gap between theory and practice.He must know, and his knowledge must be practical \u2014 it must stand the test of doing.The plain demand upon him is \u201cPractice what you preach\u2019 ; if vour theory of political science amounts to anything, give us a training that will make us good citizens, that will help us to make government a more efficient machine for justice and right national growth.If you know anything about light and heat and the factors that determine the value ot the soil make us understand the forces we move among daily, and of which we are masters or the slaves, in proportion as you train us to control, their common man- ifestalions.IT history and art are vital to the thought and joy of the world, teach us not dates aod names and vague technicalities, but discover the past.to Us as we walk blindly vpon the dead yeurs.Open up the world of heauty all around us.Put into our hands \u201cthe thread of the all-sustaining beauty that rons through all and doth all unite\u2019, to guide us through the labyrinth of life.To be able to do these things, means to he alive to human experience, to he thoroughly in the world: to live, however quictly, vet close to the eternal values of the strugele, first for existence, and then for life and more abundant life.Like Socrates -\u2014 the Professor must come down into the market place and deal with men, there, for that is where men must learn how to live.Under the older college professor generations of students passed act untonched hy the fine unworldliness, the serene integrity of his character, not uninstructed by his learned lectures, hut somehow left to face a world utterly strange to them.Somewhere in this new world the knowledge that they had acquired, the ideals of honor and right living they had gained, had their place and value, but the first question of most of these students was undoubtedly a hewildered \u201c\u201cWhere?\u2019\u2019; and often it took many hard ycars of study in the bitter un- leisurely school of life to answer that question.A few straws may indicate the change in the wind.They are good big straws, however, which argue that the wind is blowing hard.The President of a University has recently become the Governor of a State; the Professor of Sociology MADE IN CANADA CONTAINS NO ALUM CONFORMS TO THE HIGH STANDARD OF GILLETT'S GOODS pe pe catalogue and FANNING MILL.fertilizer ingredient.the highly concentrated forms of Sulphate of Potash, Write us on all matters pertaining our free bulletins including :\u2014 \u201cFarmer's Companion\u2019\u2019, in a great University is also at the head of organized charity in his city; a professor of chemistry was instrumental in establishing the first great college to train women especially for their work as homemakers; another has induced large manufacturing interests to endow industrial fellowships whereby men may study under the best conditions to add to the world\u2019s mastery of material.In a State University of the West a number of the professors hold government positions corresponding with the subjects they tecach.\u2014 tariff boards, railway commissions, philanthropic foundations, political clubs.More and more we find college professors members and leading spirits of them all.A novelist, a dramatist, a mayor, a governor, a farmer, an inventor, an ambassador, any of \u2018these may have stepped into his i bosition from the academic chair.\u2018and more to | As now the world looks more It is the interest of the farmers to offer for sale very clean and sound grains and to solve this matter, you require the best Fanning Mill, which is the Chatham Fanning Mill \u2014 the one recently improved, the only Mill that separates and cleans all Kinds of grain.The Chatham Mill is sold at a very moderate price and you can make the money paid for, within a year's time.We will sell the mill to responsible farmers on two yearly payments\u2014 Do not be without that machine.Write at once for english prices to COTE & CO.TSt- Peter Street, - MONTREAL POTASH MEANS PROFIT IN FARM, ORCHARD AND GARDEN The large increase in the importation of Potash during the last few years shews that the farmers are realising the value of Potash as a POTASH can be obtained from all leading lertilizer dealers and seedsmen in Muriate of Potash, to fertilizing and get copies of \u201cFarmer's Field Tests\u2019, \u2018\u201cArtificial Fertilizers: Their Natuve & Use'\u2019, \u201cPotato crop in Canada\u2019 ete, ete.Dominion Agricultural Offices of 1he Potash Syndicate 1105 Temple Building, Toronto, Ont.EE theory, to the scientific solution of its problems, so theory answers more and more closely and clearly to the questions put to it.And with that change has come the metamorphosis of the professor, from the narrow though profound scholar and monk-like student and recluse, into the citizen of the world, referring his especial knowledge always to its nook in the manifold structure of civilization, testing it always by its correlations.His students find a world whose doors are already partly opened to them; their standards of social and business ethics, their conceptions of history, of art, their knowledge of natural forces, have all been based broadly upon the actual world around them.Since the passing of the old professor, the old order, of which he was an invaluable part, has changed, yielding place to a new order in which a different man must serve his turn in these new practical ways in which God is WINDMILLS Towers girted every five [feet apart and double braced.Grain Grinders Pumps Tanks Gas and Gasoline Engines Concrete Lai Mixers Write for Catalogues Goold, Shapley & Muir Co.LIMITED Brantford, Canada Mention the Journal of Agriculture.Ty; FS Synopsis of Canadian Northwest Land Regulations ANY person who is the Sole head of à ! family, or any male over 18 years old, may homestead a quarter-section ol available Dominion land in Manitoba, Saskatchewan or Alberta.\u2018The applicant must appear in person at the Dominion Lands Agency or Sub-Agency for the district.lontry by proxy may be madg gt any agency, on certain conditions by father, mother, son, daughter brother or sister of intending homesteader.Duties.\u2014 SIX months residence upon and cultivation of the lund in each où three years, A Hhomesteader may live within nine miles of his homestead on a farm of at least 8U acres solely owned and occupied by hm or by his father, mother, son, daughter, brother or sister.In certain districts a homesteader in good standing may pro-empt a quarter- section alongSide his homestead.Ll\u2019rice $3.00 per acre.Duties.\u2014 Must reside six months in each of six vears from date of home stead entry (including the time required to earn homestead patent and cultivate fifty acres extra.A homesteader who has exhausted his homestead right and cannot obtain a pre-emption may take a purchased homestead in certain districts.Price $3.00 per acre.Dullies.\u2014 Muse reside six months in each of three vears, cultivate fifty acres and erect a house worth $300.00.WwW.W.CORY, Deputy of the Minister of the Interior N.B.\u2014Unauthorized publication of this advertisement will not be paid for.Removes Bursal Enlargements, Thickened, Swollen Tissues, Curbs, Filled Tendons, Soreness from any .Bruise or Strain, Cures Spavin Lameness, Allays ain Does not Blister, remove the hair or lay the horse up.$2.00 a bottle, delivered.Book 1 D free.ABSORBINE, JR., (mankind#1.00 a bottle.) For Synovitis, Strains, Gouty or Rheumatic Deposits, Varicose Veins, Varico- cele, Hydrocele.Allays pain.Book fren.W.F.YOUNG, P.D.F., 134 Temple St., Springfield, Mass.LYMANS Ltd., Montreal, Canadion Agents.always fulfilling himself.The old order was good in its time and did a work we may not ignore or contemn, but the new order, too, is one of the good \u2018\u201c Gold chains by which every way the whole round earth is bound about the feet of God\u2019.Plain law, plain truth to make children better able to solve the cvery day mysteries of life, better able to master themselves and serve others, this is the burden of the new teaching.MARGARET GRAY. THE JOURNAL OF AGRIOULTURE AND HORTICULTURE IX CECI ELEC SSSR HF 14 LEE EEANERYEES IE EPÉNUE SERA 23 SERRRERAEY IR] CE CECT EEE i Nl Pvp Better, Cheaper, Stronger Than Wood You can\u2019t put a better fence around your property than the Peerless Lawn Fence.It is neat and attraclive\u2014 strongly and staunchly built.Made from heavy, No.9 steel wire, well galvanized and coated with white enamel \u2014will stand for years and cannot rust.Peerless Lawn Fence is handsome enough for cily property and is strong and cheap enough for the farm.It will keep cattle out and stand up under the heaviest snow drifts.Peerless gates are made with an electrically- welded, solid frame\u2014Ilast a lifetime and always look and work well.We make a full line of poultry and farm fences and gates.Agents wanted.Write for particulars.9SSÉRdURBN 2 \\éesences Hl THE BANWELL HOXIE WIRE FENCE CO., Ltd.Dept.¢ .Winnipeg.Man., Hamilton, Ont.ANWELLS CHAMPION has the largest opening of any washing machine.Practically the whole top opens up because the wringer attachment is onthe side.No other washer washes clothes so quickly\u2014so we!1\u2014s0 easily.Tub made of Red Cypress will last a lifetime.In every { respect, the \u201cChampion is the champion of all washing machine.If you want quality butter, use Maxwell's \u201cFavorite\u201d Churn.) DAVID MAXWELL & SONS, ge ; ou 0 - / / rf iw prt an (I wii This Cylinder Shows Why The \u201cEUREKA\u201d Root Cutter is the best on the market.See how it is designed, Grooved knives, with the grooves on one blade opposite the teeth on the next.Instead of slicing or pulping, the \u2018Eureka\u2019 turns out roots in shreds \u2014 thin narrow strips \u2014 suitable for any kind of feeding.The *\u2018Eureka\u2019 shreds from one to two bushels a minute, and turns so easily that a child can operate it.In the \u201cEureka the feed is kept free from dirt, the feeder bottom being made with iron rods, thus allowing all dirt to drop out before it can reach the shredding cylinder.The sloping form of .thecylinder makes c= Roger) wooesTo\" ce A Be] in D the machine a self- cleaner.Write for catalogue which explains fully, The Eureka Planter Co.LIMITED Woodstock.Cnt.Tn SUN Gasoline LAMP Satisfaction or Money Back & Cheapest but brightestlight for indoors.Rurns go per cent.nir\u201410 per cent.hy- dro-carbou vapor.joo candle power each burner, Nosmoke, grease, odor.Hollow Wire Systems also.Get Free Catalog.) SUN LIGHT CO 1220 Market St.LINIMENT GENEAU MARQUE The only TO- Bu FASRIQUE PIC replacing à FLAME with- à Out paîn nor > hair failing.Quick and Canton, 0., This 50 Years EE is just the Success F kind for which you would have to pay $5.00 at any retail store.-\u2014 It 1s extra wide, fully 16 inches no more long, in all colors, with willowy flues of great length that do not, Jose their curl easily.Send us FLAME $1,00 to-day, for this isan opportunity not to be missed Ww $ offer | \u2014_ also an extra large and handsome ; , $7.50 plume at $2.50.| No more sure relief of: Send money by mail, express or money DEFECTS Halti ng, order.Remember that your money will be re- | .i Swan - skins, funded if the plume is not entirely satisfactory.| Sprains, Strains, vessigons, obstruction : Of the lefs, Suros, Spavin, etc., etc New York Ostrich Feather Co., Dept.N.N.513-515 B'way.N.Y.i GENEAU'S Pharmaoy, 166 St.Honoré St, PARIS.MORE MONEY FOR QUEBEC FARMERS WHO Realize that GOOD FENCES Buy the one Perfect are an web on the absolute market necessity to-day\u2014 for suc- F2 * AMERICAN\u2019 cessful à FENCE farming.270 À - WOVEN WITH HEAVY, STRONG, STEEL WIRES THROUGHOUT.Hinge Joints Insure long life and good service to the buyer Tension Curves Manufactured by 7 CANADIAN STEEL & WIRE CO.Limited WINNIPEG, MANITOBA, THE HAMILTON, CANADA, (We have Agents in everytown.If you don\u2019t know him write us ).SEWARE IRITAYIONS AE GENUINE Utes M Colored Roofs With RU-BER-OID ROOFING Trade Mark Registered.RU-BER-OID Roofing is made in Red, Brown and Green as well as in the natural slate with which you are familiar.Poe _\u2014 These colors are beautifully soft, and lend themselves to most handsome effects in house building.As the colors are impregnated into the roofing, they never peel or wash off., ty ~~ Note that RU-BER-OID is the only roofing made in ax impregnated colors\u2014the roofing that combines the longest pupa service with the greatest attractiveness.Any RU-BER-OID dealer will gladly give you samples of RU- BER-OID in colors, or we\u2019l] mail them to you on request, with our Ru-ber-oid Booklet F.\u201cAsk for a sample, too, of SOVEREIGN Sheathing Felt\u2014the best interlining you can possibly put into a house.THE STANDARD PAINT CO.OF CANADA, Limited 286 St.James St., Montreal Handsome 1 179 Bannatyne Ave.East, Winnipeg Dealers 105 Tenth Ave, E., Calgary.Everywhere 25 Pender St., West, Vancouver.32 At Home with a KODAK A beautifully illustrated little book on home picture making that not only shows what \u2018\u2018you\u2019\u2019 can do in picture making by the Kodak system, but shows \u2018\u2018how\u2019\u2019 it is donc.Frce, at your Kodak deulers or direct by mail.CANADTAN KODAK CO., Limited Toronto, Can.Experienced farmers want the Bissell, but no roller is genuine unless it bears the BISSELL name.Remember that.56 T.E.Bissell Co.Elora, Ont.Ltd.HANFORD\u2019S Balsam of Myrrh For Galls, Wire Cuts, Lameness, Strains, Bunches, Thrush, Old Sores, Nail Wounds, Foot Rot and all External Injuries.MADE SINCE 1846 Guaranteed price 25c, 50c & $1.00 AT ALL DEALERS OR WRITE G.C.HanFrorp Mrc.Co, (Sent Postpaid) MONTREAL, QUE.WATERLOO BOY the best of Canada, to be sold below the cost price.Few left, 4-6-8 h.-p.The number is limited, Write to-day to Belanger, Levasseur & Co,, 41 BONSECOURS STREET Phone Main 2265.oes B CHION ** My barn that was BURNED was fitted with Crumb\u2019s A Warriner Stanchions, If it had not been for the ense with _' \u20ac ¥ Gains, Bernardstown, Mass.rr > Booklet IFree, WALLACE B.CRUMB.O5.Foreatville.Conn.I.R.A.Canadian orders filled from Canadian factory.All correspondence should be addressed to the home office, 8tate in Inquiry if you prefer bookiet in French or English, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE aiid CD [er ie is CR TE IN STAG ep I SS mE sa We Ae pe I er Ë fp re ve He M HOW TO BUILD RURAL TELEPHONE LINES THE NORTHERN ELECTRIC & MFG CO.LTD.of the top of the pote should be about 5 or 6 inches.In order to prolong the life of the poles and add to their attractiveness, all the bark should be removed, knots trimmed close and the butt cut off square.The top of the poles should be roofed as shown in Fig.5.ings, as branch wires can be run from the main line to the buildings and thus save wire and simplify the construction.\u201d Reference to Fig.4, in which c, e, etc.represent the buildings to be connected, mn the main line and a and ?the branch wires, will make this point clear.FITTING POLES.POLE FITTINGS.Poles twenty-two or twenly-five feet long of any good stock, cut when green, should be used.Cedar and chestnut are particularly desirable on account of their lasting qualities.The poles should be reasonably straight and well proportioned.The diameter Where only one or two line wires are to be mounted on the poles, oak brackets fitted with glass insulators are fastened to the pole as indicated in Fig.5 for straight lines, or as shown in Fig.6 at curves.The brackets should be attached to the poles before the poles are raised.135 ro 14im f.40D \u201cNad 14] 200 | BRACKETS.Brackets Figs._ 7 and 8 are usually made of oak | 77 brackets shalt and given two coats of metallic paint and have a [be on she outside thread on the upper end to which 15 fastened a glass tll of the curve .; \u201c| insulator, a type, as used in telephone wort, 15 shown in Fig.32.They should be about 18 inches apart.The upper bracket should be 8 inches from the top of the pole \u20141- Fig.$ \u2014Leeatimn cf Prackets on Fig.\u2014Location of Drackets on Pole for Straight Lines.Pole at Curves.ale WE BUT Send This ONLY ON VOLUME REQUEST HIS book consists of 100 solid pages of carefully compiled information on the building of rural telephone lines.it is well printed, profusely illustr: ited and handsome Iv bound in stiff, cloth-covered binding.Apart entirely from its actual cost of printing and binding, the preparation of the technical matter in it bas run into a great deal of money.Thatis why we ask for the conpon \u2014 we want to be sure that you are interested in the subject, before we go to the expense of sending you this book dcaling with The Complete Story of \u201cHow to Rural Telephone Lines\u2019 \u2014Use the Coupon The two pages shown above give you an idea of how thoroughly this book covers every detail.Every other page in the book is just § 0° [ull of information as the pages shown.Among the matters dealt with in this complished, govern ment regulations on the subjeet\u2014in fret, every detail you could possil.v think of or need to know.IF there is no telephone system in your community to-day.it is only a matter = 1 t 3 4 3 \u2018 \u2019 109 volume, is the organization of mut- of tin re until there wiil be one.Farmers are 1- ; f stock-comvan-l organizing community -ow ned svstems all Th N th ua -companies, OL SLOUCK-CO pa \"À over the country.Hone day one will he e or eri = ies, line construction, equip- organized in your locality.You owe it to Electric and & ment, costs of construction, yourself to know the facts, for knowing the Facts may mean money to vou.Send for facturing Co.& companies already organ- Manu £ p HOT the book\u2014use the \u20ac oupon NOW, Limited = ized, their history and Gentlemen, Please send me RITE one S Ww hat they hav e ac- Ré ak : à ) \u201cTHE copy of your 100 page.bound and = 3 ; _ astratod book on \u2018How to Build Montreal Regina ; Rural Telephone Lines\u201d.CA .4 A Toronto Calgary 5 M Winuipeé Vancouver AND HTT ANE COs Manufacturer and sunplier of all apparatus and equipment used in the constraction, operati ; Ë i on 4 maintenance of Telephone, Fire Alarm and Electric Railway Plants, Address our house nearest font Name .\u2026.\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026ecescrers cesser ceene bases eee ee Post Office vo vere