The Journal of agriculture and horticulture, 1 septembre 1907, dimanche 15 septembre 1907

[" y rp ar gL is ker st A ENGLISH 6,150 FRENCH 62,000 VoL.11\u2014No 6.- Circulation, 68,150\u2014 { Sept.15th., lo- s 1907 | oe jrie ir {hs ase A CONTENTS THE FARM.\u2014 Notes by the Way : The Chaui- feur\u2019s Idea ; Timothy Grass ; Hay in England ; The Gapes; Visited the College ; Brighter Crop prospects ensure heavier yields : Crops in Quebec ; When to cut Wheat ; Harvesting Oats, etc.Registration of French Canadian \u2018Horses ; August 12th ; Potato disease, Hay and Corn Harvest ; one acre of Alfalfa worth nine acres Timothy ; Liming Land ; Sales.HOUSEHOLD MATTERS.\u2014~The Autumn Fashions; If the Sun were red ; Recipes.THE GARDEN AND ORC improductive ; Nature Odds and Ends ; HARD.\u2014 Why soils_ are Studies (continued); Uses of Gooseberries.THE DAIRY.\u2014 Mr.Wheaton\u2019s Canadian Dairy .Notes ; Unprofitable Cows ; Cow Testing Associations ; Prof.Dean\u2019s Experiments on Milking Machines.THE POULTRY YARD.\u2014 Gapes : Its cause and _ cure ; Cross-bred Poultry ; Feed for Ducks.VX - SWIRE.on Hogs raising; Pig \u2014 Three things «This papers published hy the Depart-\u2014r - + Feeding.ment of Agriculture of the.Province of «.: Co Prep! ET = 2.; = Quebec.DORE Eee) FART CU IATTIRER a \u2014\u2014 \\ % ~ if Your Horse Gets Hurt?If one of the horses should be kicked\u2014cut a knee\u2014strain a shoulder \u2014go lame\u2014have you the remedy at hand to CURE the injury?Kendall\u2019s Spavin Cure ought to be in every stable and barn in Canada.It prevents little horse troubles from becoming big ones\u2014and takes away all signs of lameness.With a bottle of Kendall\u2019s Spavin Cure handy, you are prepared for accidents that may happen at any time.198 St.Catherine West, Montreal.A thorough practical BUSINESS COLLEGE and SHORTHAND, TYPEWRITING and TELEGRAPHY institution.Individual DAY and EVENING instruction.Re-opens AUG.1st.Write, call or \u2019phone Main 309, for prospectus.4-1 \u2018CAZA & LORD, Principals.ro Cures_Strained Puffy Ankles Lymphangitis, Bruises and Swellings, Lameness aid Allays Pain Quickly without Blistering, removing the hair, or laying the horse up.Pleasant to use.a $2.00 per bottle, delivered with full \\ directions.Book 5-C, free.T ABSORBINE, JR., for man- > kind, $1.00 Bottle, Cures Strains, ' > Gout, Varicose Veins, Varicocele, i © Hydrocele, Prostatitis, kills pain.W.F.YOUNG, P.D.F., 134 Monmouth 8t., Springfield, Mass ; Canadian Agenis: LYMAN SONS & CO, Montreal J CROSSFIELD, Alta, Jan.14 706 \u201cYThave used Kendall's Spavin Cure with great success in many things, such as Barb Wire Cuts and Raw Sores,\u201d M.J.MORRISON.Don't be without it another day.Get a bottle at your dealers.$1.or 6 for #5.Our \u2018Treatise On the Horse \" tells just what you ought to know about horses, their diseases, and how to cure them.Write for free copy.DR.B.J.KENDALL CO., ENOSBURG FALLS, VERMONT, U.S.A.35 EL LH need no recommendation to men who have bought Tudhope Carriages.The namie \u2018\u201cTudhope\u201d is the only guarantee that those men require.They know the Tudhope standard of quality.And they know that \u2018Tudhope Sleighs are just as good, in their way, as Tudhope Carriages.Both have been Canada\u2019s best since 1855.The man, who does not ride in a Tudhope Carriage, will do so after he uses a Tudhope Sleigh this winter.The way a Tudhope Sleigh skims the ice\u2014 and stands up against hard driving and heavy jolts\u2014is going to make him a convert to Tudhope quality./ Tudhope No.80 SN This is probably the most popular sleigh in Canada.Because it appeals to the greatest number NA 'of men.It makes a stylish appearance on the road.It is easy and comfortable.And it I gives excellent service.No.80 has steel braces throughout, and flanged channel steel shoeing on 7% inch runner.The body is black with striped scroll panels.It has high spring back and spring cushion, and large roomy seat and drop bottom.No.80 is only one of the The shafts are full trimmed with A many styles illustrated silver tips.All mountings wi and described in our new are nickel plated on catalogue.If there is a = Ne NF \u201cIN ~~ Wr 7, pu SN \\ Ee brass.new sleigh to be bought a by, this winter, send a h for a free copy of vr ae the catalogue to Ce \u2018 au assist you in 4 lh eciding just some A HE ) which Tudhope Jl ll J y Jy oo 11 eigh you prefer.NE = NING = Tudhope Carriage ORILLIA, rz fl : ÿ q So = / \\ 0 \\ Ont.eT : 2 & SN pt Ae AS É : 34 L- n- + you needn\u2019t worry about the condition of your poultry, stock or crops if they are housed under REX FLINTKOTE ROOFING Costs less than shingles, protects better than tin or slate.Made of wool felt rendered absolutely proof against water by our saturating materials, and so resistant against fire that you can place a live coal on its surface without danger.SEND FOR FREE SAMPLES and our valuable booklet on roofing.Make the fire test, try its strength, note its pliability; and if you go to your dealer\u2019s, be sure you are given the \u2018Look for the Boy\u201d trade-mark kind.J.A.& W.BIRD & CO.ig India Street, Boston, Mass.> Osnadian Office: 2 Qommon Street, Montreal «CHAMPION PLOUGH\u201d BY Beauvais, Bro.& C0,, LAPRaiRiE, ep.o We especially desire to attract the public\u2019s attention to our TWO FURROWS SULKY PLOUGH, which is altogether different from any at present on the manket, in that it begins and finishes the bed like an ordinary plough and sets off the soil whilst in operation.It will plough a ditch of 6 to 11 inches wide and the depth of the ploughed soil can be regulated at will ; the plough can as easily be worked with one furrow as with two without deranging the horses as the draw fallsin position, of itself, according to the movement of the plough, its conductor not being disturbed from the seat as the arms and levers are at his reach.This plough is made from the best procurable steel and cast & malleable iron : active agents wanted at once in every part of the Province of Quebec and Eastern Ontario.Write for price list Catalogues & Circulars.We cordially invite those wishing to buy to give our \u2018\u201c CHAMPION \"\u201d Ploveh a trial, so that they may be convinced of the veracity of our statements, Office & Warehouse, No.41 Bonsecours St., Montreal ( Between Notre-Dame and Craig Sts.) GEO.BELANGER & CO., General agents, for the Province of Quebec.WANTED NOW Reliable agents to sell hardy Apple Trees, Currant, Raspberry, and Goose Berry Bushes Ornamental Trees, Flowering Shrtubs and Roses in the Province of Quebec.We positively guarantee our trees to be frost resisting in Quebec, The varieties we offer are recommended by the Government Exper- fmental Farm autorities at Ottawa and are grown for our Quebec trade.Agent's Outtit free.Exclusive territory.Good pay weekly.Write now for terms to PELNAM NURSERY COMPANY, Toronto Ont.P.S.\u2014 Special terms to local agente or those working part time.Farm Buildings Should Be Covered With Ruberoid Roofing Shipped in rolls and can be applied by anyone\u2014roli contains nails, tin caps and cement.Ruberoid Roofing gives longer and better wear, at smaller cost, than metal, asphalt, slate, shingles, and other roofings.It withstands ammonia fumes from stables and is absolutely proof against extremes of heat and cold, fire and water.Rain water comes from it pure and clean.The Standard Paint Company of Canada, Limited, Board of Trade Building, Montreal, P.Q.Factories at Lachine Canal, P.Q.LockERBY & McComMB, Selling Agents for Ontario and Quebec, 3 Is the pioneer roofing of its kind \u2014the standard for 15 years.Write for booklet and samples and we will send you the address of your nearest dealer, Jn | TEE TEEN ES Every year each one of us 15 lbs.of salt\u2014 Science says.consumes \u2014 More than a pound a- month.Just as well to have it pure.Your grocer will tell you there\u2019s nothing purer than THE BEST SEPARATOR AND THE CHEAPEST n me Fenix Separator Model for or 2 Cows Capacity ; 90 Ibs.$15.00 Model K Model Capauit Price Capacity Price K 1], 1601bs.$30 D 1, 4001bs.855 K 2.451bs 35 |D2.5001bs .65 K 3, 285]bs 40 D3.660Ibs.80 K 4.3501bs 48 D 4, 10001bs,.125 Agents wanted everywhere.Catalogue sent on request.WEAR There are still some who freeze to old skimming ways, reluctant to sever the ties that binds to the | ways \u2018\u2018good enough for grandmother,\u2019 there\u2019s a : De Daval Cream Separator | | READY FOR YOU.The De Laval Separator Co., 173=177 William St.MONTREAL.NWN AR AR RAR DATS RAS SA BAS SAY I SN SAN IN IN SS SNNINNL SILOS SOLS NN, NANA NANNY NANA NANT NANNING NINN NANNING NANSNNL NINN NAN NAA NAA J.do L.TACHÉ, St-H acinthe.Make The Stable Work Easy and Pleasant! Our stable fittings do just that, and increase the profits from the stock ÿ as well.BEATH'S ILITTER CARRIER, illustrated here, takes at least Lalf the hard § work away from cleaning out stables.The tub lowers to be filled, then winds up and runs out easily on the overhead track, dumping directly into the spreader if desired.Every part is made for solid ® service.i ; Our PRESSED STEEL WATERING À BOWLS, always within reach of the stock, and always supplied with fresh water, are far more convenient and a great deal better for the animals than an icy trough in the yard.\u2018T'hey are cheap and easy to install and rust proof.} Our U BAR ROTARY STANCHIONS | make it possible for even a boy to tie up the herd in half the ucual time, They give the cattle plenty of freedom.but prevent them from injuring one another, making partitions and stalls unnccessary.Write for our catalogue No.16.It will give you some valuable iulormation on how to lighten your work, 60 Q FAETAL SHINGLE & SIDING CO.Limited, PRESTON, Ont, MONTREAL BRANCH : CATHERINE ST anc DELORIMIER AVE [SIUC \u201c189M 3S Fea) 021 PUY \u201cLNO \u2018HdTAND Has your Horse an old Strain or Swelling ?Here\u2019s the way to cure it.Rub three teaspoonfuls of Fellows\u2019 Leeming\u2019s Essence in the sore place, and repeat the rubbing in 24 hours if a sweat or running does not appear.This running turns to a scurf and forms a firm bandage on the part.So long as it stays over the strain or swelling, the effect of the dressing holds good.In 14 to 16 days, the scurf falls off and the horse is well, And you can work the horse all the time Fellows\u2019 Leeming\u2019s Essence is curing it.Try it on your horse.Get Fellows\u2019 Leeming\u2019s Essence 14 for Lameness in Horses.50c.a bottle, If your dealer has none, write NATIONAL DRUG & CHEMICAL CO.LIMITED, MONTREAL VoL.11-\u2014 No.6.SEPTEMBER 15ht., 1907 The Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture \u201cThe Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture \u201d is the official organ of the Council of Agriculture of the Province of Quebec.It is issued bi-monthly and is designed to include not only in name.but in fact, anything concerned with agriculture and Stock-Rais ing, Horticulture, etc.Al! matters relating to the reading columns of the Journal must be adressed to Arthur R.Jenner Fust, Editor ot the * Journal of Agriculture and Horticulture.\u2019 1 Lincoln Ave Montreal.Forrates of advertisements, etc, address the Publishers THE CANADA PUBLISHING CO.Ltd.73 & 75 St, James St., Montreal.$1.00 per Annum payable in advanoe.The Farm Subscription : NOTES BY THE WAY THE CHAUFFEUR\u2019S IDEA: \u201cTake care, as vou drive along this crowded road not to run over any women with children,\u201d said the master.\u201cYes, Sir,\u201d replied the man : \u2018Those feeding-bottles play the very mischief with the tires.\u201d TIMOTHY-GRASS We were surprised to see, In a contribution from a body to a Canadian paper.the other day, that large tracts of land covered hy Timothy-grass were to be seen in the midlands of England! We remember being told by Mr.F.H.Dickinson, M.P.for the county of Somerset, that his father had tried for several vears to induce the tenants on his estates at Kingweston to grow this grass, but without success ; either the climate or the soil did not suit it.We had a pretty extensive knowledge of England, from 1835 to 1856, but we cannot remember even havin~ seen a field of the vorass in question in any part of that country.¥ By the bve, since what date has the late Lord Brougham, Lord Chanceller of England, been a Scotsman ?He was so designated in a Montreal paper last month.He mav have been accidentally born in Scotland, but he was and his people are English, as the family estate, Brougham Hall, in Cumberland, bears witness.In the old davs of coaches, about 1839,°40, we remember seeing it, snugly couched in a rich bed of plantations.on our road to Scotland.+ HAY IN ENGLAND.\u2014 From accounts we receive, weeklv, from a trustworthv correspondent in the Vale of the Severn, hav in England of anvthin like good quality is going to be ver- scarce this coming winter.In fact, the tenants of the rich meadows near the river talk of nothing less than £6 a ton.Now that is, of the ton of 22.40 lhs.and would make, in our reckonin~ about $27.00 for a ton of 2.000 lbs.Delivered in London, and sold bv the London \u2018load\u2019 of 2016 lbs., no doubt the full rate for good, well made meadow-hav, cut when not too far advanced.would fetch quite $30.00; and first-rate clover-hav 1.e., free from other grasses and cut in early bloom.might brine.per- course, 133 le Cr ety ne EE TH Ste te \u201cet a, Satin CER A ak Trae =A =, oats ST Seed Ra 134 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE haps, $32.00.\u2014Temptine prices.not ?are they * \u201cTHE GAPES vears .\u2014 In Kent, Eng.Many ago, our losses of voung chickens Whole broods used to xet to work conehine and chokine, fade away one hy one, till at one time we used used to be very vreat.to think ourselves fortunate 11 we saved two or three out of a hateh of ten or eleven.What was the cause of all this trouble ?Some said it was the food others, the dampness of the fowl-houses.We cot a hint of its the throat.If that were really the cause.the first thing was to vet the thing out of the throat being somethine in our poultry-woman wrapped worsted a small piece où stick and tried to draw the enemy out that strument : in those we got a small card-board-box,some S x 4 inches square, by 1 inches deep.or round hv in- We were, days.a confirmed smoker : no go thereabouts.pierced the lid with plenty of holes, placed three or four of the tinv-birds in the box.and puffed tobacco-smoke into it from our mouth until.on opening the box.we found the chicks had enoueh of it.We then let that lot and took three or four more chicks and so on.until the whole brood.number, had passed through the Our poultrv-woman found\u2014or said she found\u2014several tinv vellow worms on the bottom of the box.evidently according to her idea.the cause of the evil.However that may be.ten out of the eleven chicks revived and did well.uo cleven in ordeal.Visited the College Governor-General and Party inspect the Macdonald Institution at Ste.Anne's.The Governor-General.Lady Grev, and their dauehters Lady Svbil and Lady Evelyn, accompanied bv the Bishop of St.Albans.Ene.Mr.Philip Hebert.the Canadian sculptor : Capt.Newton, A.D.C.and Mr.Leveson Cower.vesterday visited failure was feared : Macdonald, the founder and donor the Macdonald College at Ste.Anne de Bellevue.They reached the village at noon, by special train from Ottawa, and were met at the William oï the institution, and by Principal Robertson.station by Sir The visitors were shown the college and its equipments, and were conducted through the three schools\u2014the one for teachers.the one for household science,and the department of agriculture.They were much impressed with what they dishop of St.Alban\u2019s declaring that there was nothing like it in England.Several members staff were presented Excellencies, who afterwards luncheon at the Macdonald Principal Robert- returned to Ottawa saw,the of the teaching to their took College Cottage.where son resides.The party at J p.m.\u201c5.ro - Brighter Crop Prospects Ensure heavier yields Grain cutting is well adeanced and Grain Grades are satisfactory.Special to The Montreal Star.\u2014 In Winnipeg, Man.September 3.southern Manitoba.where almost a crop at one time, and where an average of not more than six or eight bushels of wheat per acre anticipated, conditions have improved wonderfully during the past few weeks, and now a vield was of from ten to fourteen bushels is considered certain.Cutting is well advanced, and the grade will be satisfactory, thus ensuring a price which the farmers will guarantee to financial returns quite as great as those of their humper crops of the past years.GOOD YIELD EXPECTED The country along the main line of the C.P.R.between Virden and Regina has been blessed with a grand crop.one which, though late.will vield an average of 23 bushels per acre throughout that great stretch of country.The damage has been THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE 135 insignificant from any cause, and cutting will soon be general.The same encouraging news comes from a review of conditions along the Prince Albert line, and an almost cood crop awaits the binders there.An aggregate yield equal to that of 1906 is expected.HAVE LOTS OF MONEY Throughout the Canadian North-West the farmers have all the money thev need to hands their stock.and the steadily increasing value of land is the only circumstance that overshadows their prosperity.Of course, with so many settlers coming into the country the old free range is being fenced in and destroved.It costs money to leave land for the range now, where in the old davs the Government supplied the ranoe free, or nominally so.The cattle losses were not excessive last winter in spite of the hard luck stories circulated.The losses were a little more than normal.but it taught a lesson that is valuable.It means more hay will have to be put on for stock in future and that, on the whole, the country will benefit by what was regarded as a nastv condition.FILLING WITH FARMERS All through western Saskatchewan and eastern Alberta the range country is fill- img with farmers.From Moosejaw to Medicine Hat the settlement is something marvellous.The countrv that might be travelled for miles without finding a wire fence or a human habitation on hoth sides of the C.P.R.tracks from Moose- jaw to Medicine Hat, but a few years ago, is now well settled up, and the section is producin~ large quantities of wheat.North of the track this development continues richt through to Battle- ford, and south it goes into the Dirt Hills, and south of the Cypress Hills.All the farmers have bought stock and have » invested considerable money, and the whole country is verv prosperous.Crops in Quebec Conditions vary much, but are Moderately satis- Jactory.The Department of Agriculture at Quebec has issued the following on the state of the crops in the province of Quebec on the 15th of August : HAY The area of the province of Quebec is so extensive, the conditions of the climate are so liable to vary from one district to an- one locality to an- some other, and even from other in the same district, that it is times difficult to estimate exactly the aver- aoe return of the cron for the whole nro- vince.This vear, with the hay crop, there seems to be opposite opinions in this connection.For instance, while the crop has been reduced to two-thirds of the average return in some parts of the Eastern Townships, owing to the severe winter and the little snowfall, vet in the greater part July of the province the heav- rains in and at the beginning of August, though they delayed the hay harvest and even caused a part of the hay to rot, have not prevented the crop from being higher than last It has even reached the ordinary average in several counties.vear.In the Oka region (county of Two Mountains), where the main feature was drought, returns higher than the average are claimed.At the convent of Notre Dame du Lac (La Trappe), they are already harvesting a second crop of clover, lucern and orchard grass.In the district of Montmagny, the first mown hay was not\u2019 drawn into the barn in good condition ; but, according to information, the damage is little.The actual price for a hundred bundles is from $6 to $8, according to quality \u2014 however, the hay is not of the proper kind for export, on account of the great quantity of daisy that is mixed with the timothy and clover.At Roberval (Lake St.John), the hay harvest is not advanced.The crop will be fairly abundant, but not of the first quality.Se TOR | Ci HR age, SLRS a ae ca rs RE SARA STS RF SE i, YTS, Lad ES he rd a mh hd SEEN BE LG nb A 5 0 ~~ 136 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE Rain and too ripe hav accounts for this.| In Bonaventure, the hay has not suffered | any damage so far, but it cannot he har- | vested on account of the daily rainfalls.| POTATOES The development of the tubers has heen more or less delayed, according to distrets; but, from the general information received, a good medium crop mav be expected.Un to this date there is little or very little rot.At Oka.where it differs from the other districts of the province, they want rain to such an extent that should the drought last two more weeks the bulk of the crop will be small.At St.Hvacinthe a good crop is relied upon, though a little rot is noticed.In the astern Townships news is very encouraging.In the district of Montmagny all the ' grown-up potatoes have good apparance, but a heavy loss will be suffered from the fact that they were planted while the earth was too wet.As alwavs occurs in similar cases, the seed pieces died, even those that had been planted with lime or plaster.OATS AND OTHER CEREALS Cereals, especially oats, have a good appearance.The crop.though late, will be generally good, if rust does not develop too much.Ruxt is already noticed in some places, for instance at Roberval, in the district of Montmagny.and also in the Eastern Townships.At Oka, oats ave exceptionally fine, and the other cereals also have a wood appearance.Near Quebec, cereals are late.and have suffered from rain.There is a cood appearance in the Matapedia vallev.FRUITS In the district of Montmagny the apple crop will be less than last vear\u2019s, while the plums will he above the average, despite the damage done by the curculio, the worm gettino into the fruit and making it fall, At Oka.the fruit crop is abundant.The pear crop must be specially mentioned for | its quality and quantity.-Grapes and plums will be plentiful.The appleworm ( codling moth.Carpocapsa Pomonella), which is a rule is the insect most to be feared, does not seem to have caused any damage worth mentioning.This is due to spraying.Moreover, the drv summer, which has been the main feature of the season in that district, has checked the development of the fungus of the fruit spot, consequently the Fameuse.the McIntosh, etc., are verv sound.VEGETABLES Vegetables show a good appearance in general.Tomatoes are very late, but if there are no early frosts durine the rest of the season the returns may be satisfactory.Onions are fairly good in apnear- ance in general, thouch a little backward.REMARKS BY CORRESPONDENTS St.Adele, county of Terrebonne.\u2014General good appearance.Cereals are fine, pastures magnificent, tobacco fine.Altogether the crop will be verv satisfactory.St.Hvacinthe\u2014In general the crop is good in many places.I.\" Assomption\u2014This veneral appearance varies, It is fine in livht and porous goils, middling in cold and dense soils, which have not Leen drained.So it is with the pastures.However, the crop as a whole will be vood.provided the rest of the season is favorable to pastures and to the ripenins of the late-vrown vrain.District of Montmagëgnv.\u2014 Pastures are good.The milk returns are satisfactory.Ste.Anne de la Pocatière \u2014 The season has been cold and rainy up to the last few davs : storms have been frequent and disastrous.Avignon, county of Bonaventure.\u2014 Very good appearance, but the crop is late on account of the rain which has prevailed nearly all the time.People wonder whether the crop will come to maturity.District of Quebec (Ste.Anne de Beaupre, THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 137 east of Quebec) \u2014 Hay abundant; potatoes promising.Roberval (Lake St.John) \u2014 The straw will probably be of good quality, better than the hay.The timothy and clover sown at spring have done well, and grow vigorously.\u2014 \u2014\u2014 When to Cut Wheat On this point it is probable that we have gone too far.The practice is often advocated in rather unmeasured terms, as you may hear men who know better boldly asserting that wheat cannot he cut too on.That both oats and wheat may be cut too soon, after it has been asserted that they are quite fit and over-fit, I have had experience.Only last vear I was told that a heavv crop of oats ought to have been cut.\u201cYou have a good piece of oats,\u201d said my critic, \u2018\u201cthere is onlv one fault.\u201d I asked what it was, and he replied, \u201cIt oucht to have heen cut last week.\u201d 1 hastened cutting in consequence of this remark, but had reason to regret having followed it, as the oats proved light and forty.When threshing these oats I was told what I felt to be true myself, that if these oats had been left a few days longer uncut I should have had manv more sacks and a much heavier sample of oats, besides a better and blacker colour.I therefore would caution mv readers against the hurrying tendency in this hurrying age with regard to cutting.Let Patience have her perfect work and do not cut corn before it is fitf The last act of a plant is to ripen its seed and it is too much to expect ripening to proceed uninterruptedly after severance.The very fact that a seasonable fall of rain \u2018\u2018fills the corn\u2019\u2019 ought to teach us that corn continues to fill up to harvest.When straw is severed the circulation sap of upwards from the stubble end must cease although it may proceed higher up.There is a hirhlv interesting book of over 300 paces bv Stephen Wilson entitled \u201cA Bushel of Corn\u201d (David Douglas, Edinburgh, 1883).which is entirelv devoted to the subject of its title.How any author could write 333 pages upon a bushel of corn mioht seem strange, but Mr.Wilson has done so and kept up the interest throushout.He shows by direct experiment that corn ough to be allowed *o stand until it is ripe, as the starch granules continue to be formed and to pack the vacant spaces within the grain to a later neriod than it is now the practice to cut.I would commend this book to those who use the dictum that \u2018\u2018\u201cyou cannot cut wheat too green.\u201d Of course you can, and it is to be feared that a great deal of wheat is out too oreen\u2014as well as oats.Experienced and old labourers have never been converted to this modern idea, but.have, in mv own hearing, again and again protested against it.It is not advisable to allow corn to stand too long, but, as in everything else, there is a \u2018\u2018via media\u2019 which the present tendency is to violate.\u2014 John Wriohtson.\u2014C0\u2014 Harvesting Oats Slightly better results have been obtained when oats were harvested while still green, and the kernels mostly in the dough stage, than when the straw was mostly vellow and the kernels hard.When the oats were allowed to mature thoroughly, the results were distinctly less satisfac- torv.When the sheaves were bound and shocked, at once, the vield was somewhat better than when the cut straw was allowed to dry thoroughly before the sheaves were bound.As a general rule, oats should be harvested when the lower part of the stalk has turned vellow, at which time the plant has ceased to draw nutriment from the soil and further orowth consists in the maturation of the seeds.It is renerallv conceded that if the grain is cut at this time, the straw is better for fodder and other purposes.If the cutting is delayed until the seeds are entirely ripe, considerable loss is liable to occur from shellino.and the rp re meee ao 138 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE quality of the straw for feeding purposes 1s considerably impaired.For cutting of oats in the hard dough stage, slow curing in round shocks 1s generally desirable, but when weeds abound or for other reasons rapid curing are better.Oats may be cut for hay while the grain is in the milk stage, with a mowing machine, and treated as anv other hay crop, or it may be cut with a selfbinder and put into round shocks of six bundles each, usin one bundle for the cap.1s necessary, lone shocks 5 JX For some time past there has been a strong movement, which even has the support of some members of the Government, to utilise our waste land by afforest- To this, however, there are many objections, some of which have been stated with very vreat clearness by Mr.John Burns, President of the Local Government Board.thine.the science of for- extry 1s not very well understood in Great Britain ; and if these waste places are to be planted to anv purpose, it would be highly necessary to know what trees are likely to vield a profitable return.Forestry ties up land for a verv long time.In the opinion of those know, an extremely good alternative has been suggested, and that is to adont Professor Bottomlev's system of soil inoculation, in order to grow leguminous plants.The characteristic of this system is that it produces the best results on the very poorest soil.so that great stretches of the Black Country.for example, might easily be made valuable.The other advantages are extremely obvious : to inoculate with a culture is a very chean process, and would not involve anything like the expense incidental to afforestation.Moreover, like anv other farm crop, it would yield a return within twelve months, whereas the woodland would not vield anything within a quarter of a century.Better still.the effect of soil inoculation is to improve the soil permanent- lv by adding to it the nitrogen of the air, mg it.For one soil so that gradually.and especially if it were used with basic slag or anything else that would give phosphates, the land would become perfectly suited to other crops.\u2014 Eng.Ag.Journal.\u2014_\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 The Aucust crop bulletin of the Ontario Department of Agriculture is not encouraging.Of the main crops only fall wheat is good.The others run irom fair to below the average.Oats only promise three-quarters of the vield of recent years, and the quality is inferior.Hay is a relative failure ; potatoes are poor, and fruits will be short of an average.There may be a scarcity of fodder for live stock through the winter.It is some years since the general report was so unsatis- factorv.and though it might have been worse, 1t will have a depressing effect on general trade during the next twelve months.IL Jk Registration of French Canadian Horses IMPORTANT The Department of Agriculture of the Dominion has recently opened a Record Book for French Canadian Horses.It has been agreed beteen the Hon.Minister of Agriculture and the French Canadian Horse Breeders\u2019 Association that, before being re-registered in the new government record, all horses already registered as French Canadian in the old records, be inspected anew and accepted by a Commission comprising MM.J.A.Couture & Arséne Denis representing the French Canadian Horse Breeders\u2019 Association,Robert Ness & Louis Lavallée representing the Department of Agriculture of the Dominion, Dr J.H.Vigneau veterinary surgeon.The government pays all expenses incurred for this new inspection.All is asked of the owners of horses already registered is to bring them to one the places, which will be mentioned in the NOTICE THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 139 itinerary of the Commission, and to produce thereto the old certificates of registration.The itinerary of the Commission will Le published in the ** Journal of Agriculture\u201d during all the month of September next.Owners of horses not already registered, but which they think could be registered, may also present them to the Commission at one of the places mentioned in the itinerary.They will be registered if the Commission thinks it is advisable to do so.J.A.COUTURE, President of the Commission of Re-Inspection of French Canadian Horses.Itinerary of the Commission of Re-Exami- nation of Canadian Horses.Dr J.A.COUTURE, M.V., President; M.ARSENE DENIS, representing the Society of Canadian Horses Raisers.M.R.NESS.Vice-President : M.Ls.LAVALLEE, representing the Department of Agriculture of Canada.Sherbrooke ( Exhibition ground .& Sept.& to 9 A.M.St Théodosie .17 Sept.11 to 1 P.M.Berthier, Exhibition 25 Sept.1 to 9 P.M, St.Barnabé, Co.St-Mauri- ce, Exhibition .26 Sept.10 to 11 A.M.St.Bazile Station, Co Port neuf .«.27% Sept.9 to 10 A, M.Portneuf Station 2222 ST Sept.l to @P.M St.Raymond Station .28 Sep?d.8 to 9 A.M.Yamaska, Hotel Lafleur .1 Oct.8 to 9 A.M.Pierreville, Hotel Rousseau.1 Oct.3 to 4P.M La Baie du Febvre .2 Oct.9 to 10 A.M.Nicolet, Hôtel Houde .2 Oct.2to 81\u2019, M.St.Leonard, Hotel Poirier | 3 Oct.8 to 10 À.M.Richmond, Hôtel Jacob .3 Oct.4 to 5 P.M.Danville, Hôtel Gorden 4 Oct.9 to 10 A.M.Victoriaville Station 4 Oct.1to 2}.M.Granby Station.8 Oct.11 to 12 À.M.Waterloo Station .\u2026.9 Oet.9 to 11 A.M.Knowlton Station .10 Oct.9 to 11 A.M.Stanstead fa.2.2.11 Oct.8 to 11 A.M.Coaticook Hote, .15 Oct.8 to 10 A.M.Compton, Hotel Craig .15 Oct.12 to 1 P.M.Plessisville, Hotel TPBoulé .16 Oct.9 to 11 À.M.Lyster Station ., .16 Oct.2to 3 P.M Ste-Agathe, Lotbinière, Place publique.17 Oct.8to 9 A.M.Lévis, à la Quarantaine des animaux .19 Oct.9 to 11 À.M.Gentilly.Co.Nicolet \"Hould Hotel .22 Oct.10 to 11 A.M.Lothinière, Public place .23 Oct.8to 9 A.M.Ste-Croix, \u201c .\u2026.283 Oct 12 to 1 P.M.St-Anselme Station, Co Dorchester .\u2026 24 Oct.84 to 94 A.M.Beauce Jct.Station .24 Oct.2to 3 P.M.St-George, Beauce .25 Oct.9 to 11 À.M.Broughton Station , .26 Oct.8 to 10 A.M.pe- The Commission does not accept any horses aged less than 3 years.August 12th Across the Channel, and on the other side of the Atlantic, our neighbours habitually use dates to signify events.It, of course, needs some historical knowledge to always know exactly what their glorious days of the month commemorate, but few Englishmen do not appreciate the 12th of August.I shall use it on this occasion, not only because grouse-shooting begins,but because wheat cutting commences in many places ; because it is Britford Great sheep fair, and a fixture for ram sales.Besides, it is a notable dav, on which even wheat- sowine has been effected on bare fallows, thus marking it out as both the beginning and the ending of an agricultural epoch.It is date which marks, or may mark, a season, for rams are turned out on August 12th, when lambs are meant to fall well on the other side of a crucial day, namely, the first of January.Although the summer is about half over we have scarcely made her acquaintance.Her manner is cool, if not cold, and her mood tearful and repellent.It almost appears as if she meant to retire, like some veiled prophetess, without showing her face, and to become part of the past, without having lived in the present.The above named points of interest show that Monday, August 12th, is likely to arouse a good many agricultural as well as sporting ( 1) associations,and among them 1 shall single out sheep as a particularly appropriate topic.I have not dealt with them in this column for many weeks, and yet no subject is more important.This is the time of year for forecasting the prospects of winter keep, and whatever qualms we may feel as to harvest prospects, we are sure of an abundant supply of \u2018\u2018keep\u201d\u2019 both present and future.This year is, if nothing else, one of abundance.Our hay may have been damaved, but there is lots of it ; our pastures are full of grass, and our rape and forward turnips grow apace.(1) Grouse-Shooting begins in England and Scotland on August 12th.; Blacock on the 20th.\u2014Ed.J.of A. mt ea Lame roe CG a 140 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE If there is a sound of abundance of rain, there is also a sight of green food and roots such as we have not heen accustomed to witness of late.There is plenty of straw, even if it should refuse to vield as well as we could wish.Between ourselves, it is not a bad vear for farmers up to the present moment, but its reputation is not untarnished, and hanes as it were on a thread.A few more days of gloom, a few more tears, from above, and we shall be\u2014well, we mivht almost parody a well- known and verv beautiful hymn ! We shall certainly be in a hole as regards our abundant harvest.and our potatoes will lie in a pit with regard to disease.It is really wonderful to see how the crops stand it all, and there have been further calamities even latelv.Since last week, the beautiful crops of Lothian have heen visited with a serious gale accompanied with rain, which has levelled them as with a roller.But \u2018\u201c\u201chnous revenons à nos moutons,\u201d we return to our sheep.They are very dear, as is alwavs the case when keep is plentiful.There is no better criterion of opinion than prices, and it is evidently the opinion at the present time that much food requires many mouths.The right time to buy sheep is when they are cheap, and the best time to sell them is when they are dear.Alas, for practical wisdom,roots must be eaten, and, cheap or dear, sheep must be bought ! After all, it is only, shall we say, two or three shillings a head extra and if they are dear to buy they will be cheap to keep.and if the root-cron holds out wellin the wprin mutton will not slump.The safest \u2018\u2018game\u2019\u2019 is, no doubt, a permanent ewe flock ; and those who possess this Jewel should hesitate before parting with it.To the breeder, fluctuations in markets are less disconcerting than to the grazier.To him, abundance of food, in prospect, is an unmixed advantage, while to the buyer it is an obstacle, or drawback.This is the flock.Tt is time for reconstituting a now that the draft ewes go out and the two-teeths come in.It is now that the flock loses its tail and puts on a better head, or at least ought to do so.Improvement goes on from year.The theaves brought in should be better than the full-mouthed ewes which now retire and thus the flock renews its vouth.and improves its character.Age is not the only consideration, for draftino affords an opportunity for culline.which is a different matter.The three \u201cF's\u201d should be kept in views, namely, Feature, Form and Fleece ; and detective heads, badly formed carcasses, and weak-woolled ewes should go, as far as possible, even if they are only two-shears.These may appear rather late, for drafting has alread- been accomolished in hich-class flocks, but thev are still applicable to most.The selection of rams is of equal importance, but it is not necessary to give very high prices.Even at the best ram sales, especially of lambs, first-rate animals, of unexceptionable quality.can be purchased at from 5 to 10 guineas.This may appear strange to the uninitiated, but there are always voung lambs, not quite up to size for the ram breeders, which are brocked down at very reasonable prices.In fact, even in the best ram sales a clearance is hiohlv desirable, and nothing can happen worse in a sale than for a large number of lambs to be turned back unsold.It is also worthy of notice that many lambs which made high prices for hire or for sale, are offered as shearlings, and make much lower prices.Hampshire breeders prefer lambs, and pass the shearlings, but these sheep are excellent sires and may be purchased with advantage.We are just on the threshold of the season, and it is during the next few weeks that success in lambing depends.There is plenty of ewe keep about, and as the stubbles are cieared there will be more.It costs *\u2018nothing,\u201d for although it may be valued at 1d.per week, it is often very difficult to get as much, or > in fact, anything.A dealer only told me the other day that he could have as much keep as ever he wanted, for nothing. \"THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Doubtless he had an object, but there was an element of truth, not withstanding, in this remark.It is this which makes it so difficult to value sheep keep, but the farmer who possesses a flock need not trouble himself with such calculations.We are approaching the transitional period, when summer grazing begins to fail, and the first symptoms of winter feeding begin to exhibit themselves.White turnips are bottoming, and in another month will be in use on pastures for cows, and in folds, for certain classes of sheep.Those who aim at getting out two lots of tegs during winter lose no time.It is they who buy the highest priced wether-lambs, in order to finish them on turnips, rape and swedes, and get them out in December and January, to make room for more.Winter is still distant, but not turnipping and sheep fattening.As for the poor ewes, they live on the crusts.They act as scavengers on a bie farm, picking over the old seeds before thev are ploughed up for wheat, roaming the stubbles, and eating up what the fattening sheep leave.Open Downs afford them sufficient pasturage, and in due time thev have to put up with mangel-leaves and beaten-out pastures.Such keep is good enoush for a ewe flock, and it is one of the advantaces of this class of live stock, that for half the year at least thev can live at scarcely anv expense.Ewes are thriftv creatures, and can get a living off hedgebacks and waste ground.Neither am T forgetting that ewes require care and good management.Frugal fare is not necessarily unwholesome, but, on no account, should ewes be grazed on unsound ground nor partake of bad herbage.They will glean stubles as thoroughly as geese, but a shepherd worthy of the name will not allow his ewes to pass too many hours pickino up stra+ ears.He knows that it might cause them to \u2018\u2018turn\u2019\u2019 after ramming.Ewes will do on simple and inexpensive food, and mav be called scav- angers or anvthing else, but everv week they require care of such a nature that an unskiful shepherd mav at anv time do 141 serious injurv to his flock and his master.Shepherds are wonderful people with sheep, and it would have been more correct to have said a man who isnot a shepherd, rather than an unskilful shepherd, for such a man would be difficult to find.\u2014 John Wrightson.Potato Disease, Hay and Corn Harvest The conditions for developing the fungus of potato disease have been very favourable for some time past.With the exception of one brief week about the middle of Julv.we have suffered from constant drizzle and cloud, accompanied by a temperature, hichlv favourable for crvntoga- mic.The disease first finds a nidus, or nest, on the leaves, and from thence invades the stems, and finds its wav down to the tubers ; or it mav be washed from the tops to the ground, into direct contact with the roots.When once in possession it is 1mvossible to cope with, and all we can do is to put up with the loss.This is unfortunatelv the case with all fungoid attacks.It would, however, be pessimistic to sit down without an effort, only the guns must be mounted before the enemy appears.Spraying with sulphate of copper solution appears to be a safeguard attack, and should be done, so far as I can learn, twice, in order to he perfectly effective.Spraving in the middle of June and again earlv in Jul ensures safety, and photographs showing the difference between sprayed and unspraved have been widely circulated and are verv convincing, And vet itis to he feared that the majority of potato growers trust to luck, and will not undertake an operation which involves immediate trouble and a trifling expense.I plead guilty to this imputation, and am suffering in consequence.The matter is, however, of much greater importance to those who grow twenty, thirty, or forty acres to mv one, and it would be at least satisfactory to know how far the practice of spraying is adopted by large growers as a part of their ordinarv routine.It is 142 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE not practical to give directions at a time when the disease is nrevalent, and it would be useless to do so.As the tree falls so it must lie, but it would be helpful to know whether spraying is spreading as a practice, and if not, whv ?Among other palliatives, is removing the tops as soon as the invasion has deprived them of their functions.The leaf is the means of removine carbon from the air and feeding the plant.Most of the substance of the potato is derived from the atmosphere through the leaves, and the soil, although equally important, does not contribute much to the actual weight produced.When the tops are dead, growth must stop, although maturation proceeds, and there is no object in allowing the tubers to be shawdowed by inflected foliage.When this stage is reached they are better removed, as they are only a cause of the disease being transmitted to the crop.This is the only practical thing to do, but it is at best onlv a poor reme- dv, and, rather, amounts to a slight check.That cutting off the tops injures the vield per acre has been proved by experiment, but, when they have ceased to be oreen, and the stems are blackened, there IS no object in preserving them, and they are best cut off and burned.The season is disappointine.and cannot clear itself from its oscillations.We progress, it is true, but with constant lateral shakines, like a badl- coupled up rail- wav carriage, very uncomfortable and disconcerting.Hav harvest is not over, and it is annoying to see secondcrop clover following its predecessor towards destruction.It has been one long-continued trial of temper ever since cuttin~ began in early June.The \u201ccutter\u201d always did brine rain, as sure as a falline vlass, and 1 have said so for vears, but this is past a joke.One of mv men asked me if it was true that they were sendine up in balloons to see what was the trouble ! It is many vears since we have had such difficulties, and | hear that hay is now at a lower price than was ever known.This T was informed by a hayv-buver, who ought to know, but might have a Bearish object in view.Bad hay, like bad whisky, is no doubt a bad thing, but 1 cannot agree with my old friend \u201cT.C.S.\u201d that to feed cattle solely upon such hay as has heen gathered in many places is a direct attack upon health.and of no dieteric value at all.Of course there may be such hay about, but I cannot sav I have seen it.1 should not appeal to analysis so confidently as to experience in this matter.It is a fair criterion if cattle will eat it, and when I see the horse (out at grass though they are) snatching wisps of hay from the rick side, or from the passinv wagon, 1 always think it cannot be so gery bad aîter all.Perhaps thev do it to pass the time\u2014out of play, as we mioht sav\u2014but my own opinion is, that if cattle are fairly keen after fodder it cannot be verv bad.Our own hav has not been so much washed as kept moist with showers.There has been no heav- rain of late and after three \u201cwet days\u2019 in which no carting was possible,the rain is my gauge was actually not worth measuring, and I left it in.The sun shines out, the hay 1s turned and vot fairly dry, and the horses are sent for.Before they begin working, dowes a sharp shower,just enough to stop further progress for the day.This is repeated until, in modern phraseology, we are \u2018\u2018sick,\u201d\u201d and meanwhile the hay lies just where it did on the 3rd inst.Corn harvest is less forward, but its turn will come if this sort of thing goes on much longer.At present all we have to complain of is delay in cutting.The canvases of the self-binders become wet and will not work, and.this means stoppage for an hour, and lucky we are if this is not repeated several times in the day.Meanwhile, the corn is getting over-ripe, and will soon be in danger of shedding.There is not much danger now of cutting too early (p.6%), and on this point we may say.\u2018man disquieteth in vain.\u201d The season settles these matters for us better than books or papers, and, in such a season as this, we must cut when we can.ave CE j' THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 143 Wheat is asking to be cut, and is bending down its heads.This is quite like old times, but is going too far.I like to see wheat ripe, but not \u201coosenecked.As for barley, it is getting very much knocked about, and we may not be able to cut it with the binders at all.It will have to be severed with a reaper or even hand-moving.If this weather continues we shall have to brine out discarded reapers, and get the corn down as best we can [for constant interruptions are making us feel rather vicious.Meanwhile roots grow apace and we shall begin throwing white turnips about on the pastures for the cows this week.If only the weather would settle itself we should not complain.for barring the vexations of showers.which after all come to nothing, we should feel happy about the season.If we were vreat potato growers we might feel even more anxious.JOHN WRIGHTSON.©\u2014\u2014-\u2014 \u2014 \u2014\u2014 One acre Alfalfa worth Nine acres Timothy One acre of clover is worth three acres of timothy, and one acre of alfalfa is worth three times as much clover, for the protein content.To test this statement, Professor Hall compared the protein content, using the table beiow.There are 2.8 pounds protein in 100 Ibs.timothy hay; in twenty hundred pounds, or one ton, there is 56 pounds and in 1 1-2 tons (a fair vield per acre) 84 pounds protein.Red clover hay has 6.8 pounds protein per 100 pounds, 136 pounds per ton and 272 pounds in two tons (a fair vield per acre).This is more than three times as much protein as that in one acre of timothy.Alfalfa has 11 pounds protein in 100 pounds hay, 200 pounds in one ton and 1100 pounds protein in one acre of five tons.There is a little more than four times as much protein as in one acre of clover.The one acre of alfalfa is worth nine acres of timothy.considering the protein alone.\u2018Are you going to keep on raising timothy ?\u201d° A great many farmers don\u2019t feed enough protein.\u2018\u2018I hope these things will be taught in the schools.Every eighth grade bov ought to be taught and they ought to be taught in the high school if not before.\u201d Now, the above gives a very clear method whereby every farmer can establish in his mind a standard of values concerning \u2018different kinds of hay.He ought to have a judgment born of the best sources of krowledge.We have seen scores of farmers who thought timothy hay was the best that could be grown for the animals of the farm.Their standard of judgment was not based on the best sources of knowledge.The following table of feeds, arranged according to their protein content is in the above referred to circular.Carbo- I'rotein hydrates Fat Wheat straw.2.0.4 36.3 0.1 Rye straw .0.6 40.6 0.4 Oat straw .1.2 38.6 0.8 Corn stover .1.7 32-4 0.7 Timothy hay \u2026.208 43,4 1.4 Hungarian hay.+.5 1.7 1.3 Red clover hay.6.8 35.8 1.7 Alsike clover hay .8.4 42.5 1.5 Corn (grain).7.9 66.7 1.3 Oats (grain).9.2 47.3 4.2 Wheat grain .10.2 69.2 1.7 Alfalfa hay .11.0 39.6 1.2 Wheat bran .12.2 39.2 2.7 Gluten meal ., .25.8 13.3 11.0 Oil meal , ., .28.2 40.1 2.3 Cottonseed meal., .37.2 16.9 12.2 \u2014_\u2014 Two methods of making alfalfa hay are practised at.the Kansas station.By the first, the hay is raked as soon as it is well wilted, and usually on the same day it is placed in small cocks and allowed to remain in the field for three or four days, depending somewhat on weather conditions, or till well cured, when the hay is put in the stack.This is rather an expensive method of making alfalfa hay but with fairly favourable weather conditions very good qualitv of hay may be secured bv following this plan.Bv raking green Loan rn mn Seer ss \u2014< ait EE ea .At Bl, WA TE 7.ra le EL ht Vg RTT IC ROPERS ORS or = aire, 144 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE the leaves are not scattered and the alfalfa cures in the cock, without the leaves becoming dry and brittle, as is the case when the hay cures in the swath.The hay can be loaded and stacked where cured in this wav without scattering the leaves very much.Hay made in this way cures more ovenly than hay cured in the swath or windrow.The other method is to leave the hav where cut till it becomes par dry, and rake it before it becomes very dry, at least before the leaves will shatter, and leave it in the windrow till sufficient- lv cured to stack.Handled in this way the hay will be ready to stack soener.7 Liming Land A correspondent asks us to state what is the most economical and best way to apply lime to sandy and gravelly soil and in what form and where do vou buy it.What should it cost, also state quantity per acre.Is there a machine to put it on with and is spring or fall the proper time?Kent County.N.S.1.With revard to price and where lime can be obtained.etc.we can onlv state that a quality suitable for vour purpose can be obtained in Toronto at three dollars per ton.f.o.b., bv the car load.The price, however.varies accordine to locality.2.Of the various forms of lime it will probably be found that quick-lime will prove the cheapest, as it is the most concentrated true when as in your case the material has to be freighted some distance.3.The general rule is in the case of light and dry soils the application should be from fifteen to thirty bushels per acre according to actual need.On heavv soils more is required.4.Autumn is the best time to apply lime on land used for spring crops.In case of autumn seeding the lime can be put on after ploughing and then harrowed in very thoroughly.In the case of very sour soils the application of lime in the spring is often most beneficial.5.In order to secure uniform distribution ireshlv burned lime may be placed in heaps twenty feet apart, the amount in each pile depending on the rate of application.Twenty pound hesps so placed would make about one ton per acre.The heaps should be well covered with soil.If the earth is moist the lime will absorb sufficient moisture to fall into fine powder in a few days.In case the soil is verv dry, throw half a pail of water over each before covering it with earth.As soon as the lime has thorouchly crumbled down, spread it from the heaps as evenly as possible and then harrow it in at once or plough it under.6.We know of no machine specially made for working lime which has proved satisfactory There 1s a large area of land in our Province which would be much benefitted by apolications of lime.In the near future we will deal with this and kindred sub- lects exhaustively for the successful production of wealth from the land depends altooether upon keeping the soil in such a condition as to render the plant food contained in it available to the crops vrown.\u2014-Farm.World.In Missouri there resides an octogenarian who has lived on the farm he now occupies for fifty-six years.He is still active physically and mentally, and attributes his immunity from the infirmities of age to active occupation on the farm.Years ago he had amassed more than a competency, but he works everv day, on the general principle that physical activity is necessary to health and longevitv.He loves the farm and has great pleasure in raising live stock.Ile expects to reach the century mark, and believes that no occupation compares with agriculture to maintain mote longevity.health and pro- FE ae ES es cae THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 145 SALES At the sale of Sir Georve Judd's Hampshire Down ram lambs on averace of £9 10s.11d.was realised.At the sale of Lincoln T.ongwool rams, the property of Mr.R.Fisher, of Leconfield, the best prices were 155 gs., 105 gs, and 100 gs.The average for ninety lots was £28 3s.3d.At the Oxford ram sale.on Wednesday, the highest price was 50 gs.for Mr.G.Adams\u2019 Oxford Down ram lambs.The average for sixteen was £16 6s.9d.For fortv the average was £10.Messrs.R.W.Hobbs and Sons realised an averave of £13 4s.4d.for thirty lambs, the highest price being 41 gs.Mr.H.W.Stilgoe sold sixteen shearlinoçs at an average of £16 16s 9d.: Mr.E.H.Wilsdon\u2019s lambs averaged £12 12s., hiohest price 50 gs.; Hampshire Down ram lambs made up to 27 gs.At Britford sheep fair on Mondav last, Mr.James Flower\u2019s Hampshire Down ram lambs sold and let at an average of £18 7s.for 198.One of the lambs was priced at 140 gs.to Mr.Drake, and others at 84 as.and 80 gs.The lambs for sale made up to 42 rs.Mr.A.F.T.Drake's lambs from the Dogdean flock averarced £13 15s.for 88, highest price for one let being 100 &s., and for those sold 48 vs.There was a good demand for store lambs, and the prices were from 2s.to 3s.per head dearer than at the recent Salisburv Fair.Ewes also met a «ood trade at about the same ficure as at Salisbury Fair.General quotations were : \u2014Two-teeth ewes, 48s.to 38s; draft ewes, 36s.to 46s.; recular draft ewes, 48s.to 56s.~vazine ewes, 30s.to 40s.; working wether lambs.40s.to 52s.; ewe lambs, 35s, to 42s.; chilvers, 40s.to -46s.: mixed lambs, 30s.to 38s.RAR oT ZA MATTERS ar 013 2 era ® _ (CoNDUCcTED BY Mrss M.G.JENNER-FUST) THE AUTUMN FASHIONS Fashions for the Autumn of 1907 hold out no prospect of any very startling changes in style, but in choice of materials and colours there is a great variety.Checked tweeds and homespuns will be very popular for suits, also for the long loose coats that are still much worn.Nothing stands rough usage and rainy weather so well as these tweeds, they alwavs look well and in fact are truly serviceable at all times.Thev do not show the dust or dirt, as plain cloths do, and require little trimming beside stitching or at most bias bands or braid.À verv useful coat, the Norfolk, is cut with tight-fitting back and front or tight- fittino back and loose fronts, in the latter case it is finished, on either side of the double breast, with pleats.The belt in this case does not extend heyond the loose fronts.This season almost all the coats are made with the sleeves lone, even the dres- sv little Etons, which are still very popular.The Eton is always a favorite style of coat, especially with those who can boast of a fairly ~ood figure; but for those who, owing to extreme slichtness, require a Jacket that will just hide the waist-line, the short coatee makes up very nicelv.Thev are certainly prettv when well made and one on a plain colour goes, very well with a checked or plaid skirt.Now, in the case of the lone loose In- verness coat matters are entirelv reversed, for invariably the coat is of some plaid striped or checked design and the skirt is | made of the plain colour.Then again, in ata 700 pl dr Areata AE GACT BT = = casse Bhat Aa LT a 146 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE the case of the Eton, it only looks well when made of the same material as the skirt, or perhaps of silk or velvet.Beside checks, stripes and plaids there will be an arrav of many beautiful colours for those to choose from who desire a plain sinele shade; or we see lovely browns blues, grevs, heliotropes, purples and greens.There are many materials shown in soft dull blacks, which are made up with a touch of colour so as to relieve their sombreness.In the colours the two most popular shades, and two of the loveliest, are the copper browns and the Dresden blues, the latter being particularly becoming to fair people, Among the velvets there are some lovely shades of purple, dark green and silver grey although the last named is not suitable for the autumn as it is a trving shade to most people at any time, and more so at this time of vear for it is such a cold looking colour.This year, leather again forms a verv important feature in tailor-made suits as it is used for bindings, cuffs, collars and belts also strappings on coats and skirts.Very often it is used on plaids and checks, even the buttons of the coat being covered with it.This leather is chosen to correspond in colour with one of the shades of the plaid or check mixture and usually the strongest colour in the plaid is chosen for the leather, which is perhaps a shade or two darker.Belts, we hear, are to he quite narrow, which will be a decided change after the hiëh virdle, belt to which we have been accustomed for several seasons.It looks as if cloth skirts this season would be quite simple, most of the trimming of the costume being devoted to the jacket or bodice part.Many pleated skirts are shown, but for plain styles the five and seven-gored seem to be the favorites.For walking they will be worn to just clear the ground, which will be a trifle longer than last vear.These skirts can be made up either with strapped seams, bias- folds, large tucks, or no trimming at all.The short sleeve is rapidly disappearing from all jackets and vowns.For the house the puff top is worn with a long tight- fitting lace, cuff coming well over the hand.The lon sloping shoulder is still popular, so many of the bodices are made after the fichu effect as it gives the desired slope so murh soucht after by the followers of fashion, IF THE SUN WERE RED 1t is amazing to consider the possible results if our sun were green, blue or red instead of what it is.If it were blue there would be but two colors in the world\u2014blue and black.If it were red, then everything would be red or black.If it were vellow, evervthine would be vel- low or black.The light of our sun, of course, consists of several colors, and the reason things are of different hues is that some swallow up the other colors and reflect onlv one.In the event of the sun being red, roses, red ink and all other things that are now red would reflect it.So also would snow, the lily, and all things that are now white, but these would, of course, be red, everything else would swallow up the red light and appear quite black.Grass, for instance, would be black as ink, and so would the blue of the skv, but the white clouds would be red.The same kind of thing would happen if the sun were blue.Everything now blue or white would be blue and everything else black.The whole sky, clouds and all, would be blue.The grass this time would he blue, not black.for it reflects both blue and yellow.If the sun were green we would still be vellow, things that are blue would still be blue, and things that are green would still be green, but there would be no reds.\u2014Indianapolis Star.WHEATMEAL BISCUITS Dissolve 2 oz.of fresh butter in 1-2 a pint of hot milk and water, and when cold use it to moisten 10 ozs.of wheatmeal and 6 oz.of fine flour which have heen well mixed together in a bowl with a seasoning of salt and two teaspoonfuls of baking a THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE powder.Knead thoroughly, roll out about the third of an inch thick, stamp out in rounds.rrick well with a fork, or a proper biscuit pricker, if such a utensil is at hand, and bake on floured tins in a brisk oven.Cool on a sieve or pastry rack, then when quite cold store.1f not kept absolutely air-tight biscuits of every kind very soon lose the nice dainty crispness which makes them so enjovable, therefore the point of storing should always be very carefully attended to.SWISS APPLE TART Line a piedish with good puff paste.Bake it in a quick oven until it is half done.In the meantime put a tea cupful of water into a stewpan, a piece of butter the size of a walnut, three tablespoonfuls of caster sugar and a wineglassful of lemon syrup.When it boils add 1 lb.of apples that have been peeled, cored and sliced.When the apples are tender, strain off the juice into a basin; add to it 2 ozs, of almonds that have been blanched and chopped, 2 oza.of angelica cut into small strips, and 2 ozs.of crushed ratafias; nest beat in three eggs, the yolks and whites having been first beaten separately.Fill the pastry lined piedish with this mixture and the stewed apples, bake in a moderate oven until set, and serve hot.PINEAPPLE SPONGE Peel and chop up a small pineapple and place it in an enamelled saucepan with the juice, a teacupful of loaf sugar, and a breakfastcupful of water.Bring this to the boil, then simmer it for ten minutes, after which stir into it 1-2 oz.of gelatine, previously dissolved in a teacupful of water, and when this is all blended lift the pan at once off the fire and strain the contents into a basin.When nearly cold, stir in the stifflv-whipped whites of four eggs, and beat it all together till the mixture begins to thicken ; now pour it into a mould, and leave it till set.To serve it, turn out the sponge on to a glass dish, and serve either plain or with whipped cream or custard.147 (CONDUCTED BY MR.GEORGE MOORE) Why Soils are Unproductive Some highly interesting information on this all important, subject has just been published by the United States Department of Agriculture, with the results of experiments to show what are the chief causes of the infertility of the soil, and as to keep up its fertilitv is the very basis and keynote of all successful farming and gardening, a brief notice of the conclusions arrived at from these studies and experiments by men of science, it is hoped may be acceptable to the readers of the Journal.It is no new idea that soils become poverished by lack of plant food, but it is ascertained that they are also what we commonly call \u2018\u2018soured\u2019\u201d by certain poisonous substances which retard growth.How these substances become present in the soil and why are they there, has become a question of more prominence, and in the search light of modern Scientific Acriculture is well worth the earnest consideration of the practical cultivator.Experiments have clearly demonstrated, that not only do plants deplete the soil of its elements of fertilitv- but that thev excrete, or vive off substances or matter from their roots which are poisonous to plants of their own or allied species.De Candolle, the great French naturalist, explained in 1832, bv this theorv of plant growth, that continuous croppin«.with the same species will result in decreased productiveness, while a good crop may be secured if à proper rotation is observed.He distinguishes between true exhaustion of im- DES Re da Gao deeb L M here CT Tp TE Cd arts ESS de re Ar Nada art came IR ore Cami Wt a we TID da 2 EN J * CA ie pet pas mes THE PATES wl WIE Ae NEY Rim WL TA WAT ROA IS hr SET SSRI, BESTE mew even 148 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE the soil, in which case it is depleted of its plant food, and, what may he termed false exhaustion.when the cause for the poor crop may be traced to the presence of the poisonous matter given off by the roots of the familv of plants which had heen rown too frequently on the same soil.The well known observations of gardeners, that soil in which potted plants have heen grown is unsuited for use in potting other plants or re-nottin~ the same plant, may he considered as an indication that such soil contains injurious material of some sort, besides the mere absence of nutritious qualities.An argument in favor of introducing red clover into the rotation was given force to by the effects of red clover leaves upon the zoil, which was proved by experiment.Their juice was expressed, then added to the soil and it was found that the juice practically, all the substances heneficial to the growth of other crops of which it increased the relative green weivht 161 per cent.The value of the clover crop is great, because it not only adds humus to the soil but its juices have a potent effect as a fertilizer.The experiment also indicates that the most permanent beneficial effects upon the soil were produced hy the use of farm- manure and green manuring by means of red clover, in its proper place in the rotation.When one crop is continuously grown When one crop is continuously grown upon contains the same land the yield annually shows become unfit for the growth of that crop, but another will thrive where that has failed.| A repetition of the same crop on ordinary soil is\" not profitable, although it requires the same elements of nutrition, and in near- lv the same quantity.Tt is a-matter well understood by orchard- ists that an orchard, tree planted in the place: where one had died, after making an unsatisfactory growth for a few seasons also dies, even although fertilizers may have been added.iv taf, In greenhouse practice, it is found better to transplant seedlings several times than to allow them to grow in one soil continuously.Young seedings, which are partly nourished by the reserve material of the seed, cannot exhaust the soil of its nutriment.If on the other hand, the soil 1s rendered bad bv the «rowth of roots or by the poisonous matter excreted by them, the beneficial effect of several times transplanting can be understood.To prove the theory that roots had injurious effects, a plot which was found to be full of roots was experimented upon ; after the, roots were all removed, stable- manure was well mixed with the soil, and, later, some artificial fertilizer was added ; grass and clover were sown on it, which grew well for a time but finally died in spite of ~ood care.The soil was again spaded up and it was found full of roots.When soils are kept in \u201cgood tilth\u201d and continual rotations of crops are observed, the poison oiven off by the roots will not accumulate to any danverous extent, but when one crop of the same kind succeeds another the excretions are not destroyed so rapid!- as the conditions of growth require ; hence, the failure.Again proper aeration of the soil will do much to destrov the noxious elements the soil contains, and also favor the rapid decay of all injurious organic matter.In our present state of knowledge it would seem that we must regard the action of roots as one of the most potent causes of low yields, and that this difficulty can be best overcome bv strict attention to proper rotation of crops which is therefore the most important part of cultivation.We must also conclude that unovroductive- ness is not due entirejv to the proverty of the soil in the constituents of plant-food but to the mistakes some make as to their methods of cropping.EO.MOORE.\u201c THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 149 NATURE STUDIES By Geo.MOORE.CHAP.IV \u2014THE SEED AND GERMINATION Having noticed some of the functions of the flower we will now take the seed into consideration.And here we shall again see the marvellous working of nature, and the object for which it progresses.All seeds have two purposes to serve, namely the perpetuation of their species and to furnish food to the animal creation, from 1nankind down to the quadrupeds, birds and the smallest insects.Many seeds are covered with luscious and nutritive fruits which are very wholesome diet and of great commercial value.All the different nuts are seeds.protected by hard shells.These,like the grains, do not lose their vitality after they have ripened.but, although they look drv and hard, life is still in them, and in this condition will remain for a long time, especially in wheat which, it is said has germinated after havino been kept for centuries.(This is not held now.\u2014 Ed.J.of A.) The providential care evinced by this natural arrangement of vegetation must be apparent to the thoughful observer and shows how nature is made to work in harmony for the good of all.Nor can we too early or too frequently impress these facts upon the minds of the young, aad by this means incite in their inteligence : Inve of the study of nature.The other object of the seed of a plant ig the propagation of its species.Every well ripened, perfect seed contains the germ of life, and remains in a state of inactive vitality until acted upon by the genial influences of warmth and moisture, when, what is called \u2018germination\u2019 .or the beginning of the life of a new plant commences.And now we have some very interesting natural phenomena to observe.We must at all times bear in mind that each condition to which a seed is subjected has its peculiar use and effect upon the development of the future tree or plant.In the first place, the seed must be buried in the soil at a depth in proportion to its size, for this there is a reason, namely, that to begin germination, and the first process of growth, light is not requisite.And, why ?Because the root is the first organ to begin its growth, and as it is, in the first instance, designed to hold the plant firmly in its place, the growth is downwards and is not affected by light.The first root is called the \u2018\u2018radical\u2019\u2019, and in all large trees or plants likely to be shaken bv the wind, it sends deep down into the earth what is called a tap root, and this anchors the tree to the place it 1s to occupv.It is here worthy of remark that low growing plants and shrubs, expecially such as grow in marshes, do not, except in a few cases, for instance, as clover, have these tap roots, but a dense mass of fibres, because they do not need the same sunnort as tall-growing species.And now the plant being established in its location, the next office of the root is to secure for its dependent plant a sufficient supplv of nutriment, and for this purpose lateral roots are developed, and on these are fibres, or small hollow hairs, at the tips of which are spongioles which ahsorb the gaseous liquids containing the plant food, as a sponoe does water.And, now, a reoular flow of sap commences, and the existence of the tree is fairly begun which, if without accident or disease, goes on to maturity and perpetuates the life of its species.Growers of nlums have great crops as a rule ; but their money returns, apparent- lv, will be less than they would have been if half the quantity had been produced in the country.Excellent plums have been sold in London at 2s.per half-bushel,.with rail expenses, salesmen\u2019s commissions, and market toll or porterage to come | aff, besides the expense of picking and carting to the station.Thus for a district .only fifty miles from London the ~rower, after allowing for these expenses, has barely a 150 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE shilline left for 28 lb.of plums, or less than a halipenny per pound.*% RI Odds and Ends The man who knows, and carries his knowledge into practice, is the successful man.Well directed knowledge gives dignity to age, and fits the children to be men and women.The beauty of the universe is enhanced by the knowledge we acquire of the marvellous adaptability of one part to the other.The potato crop of only one County in Maine ( Aroostook) amounts to 15,000,000 to 18,000,000 bushels a year '! The most up to date horticultural weekly is \u201cHorticulture.\u201d It is full of the most interesting matter to the professional and amateur florist and gardener, and is cau: tifullv printed and illustrated.It is published at Hamilton place, Boston, Mass.boy al Uses of Gooseberries.\u2014 As a dessert fruit the gooseberry is almost unknown in this country, thouvh for centuries almost the most important small fruit of northern Europe.Thousands of Americans have probably never tasted a really ripe goose- berrv.It is almost umversally known and used in the acrid, immature state when the flavor.raw or cooked, is little hetter than rhubarb.A basket of ripe gooseberries in market would be a curiosi- tv.This premature use of one of the most delicious of garden fruits is surely the direct cause of its limited consumption and the relatively slight interest taken in it.Nothing can be more agreeable and satisfving than ripe and well-flavored vooseberries eaten in the garden or at table.It ix one of the very few fruits to he eaten without sugar, as the flavor is perfect in itself.The taste for ripe gooseberries increases with indulgence and we find them displacine other seasonable fruits for home use.For culinary purposes the mature or nearly mature berry is so obh- viously superior to the rankly acid green ones that we wonder whv the latter are ever used at all.Of course, it is not possible to induce people who actually prefer green grapes to ripe ones to change their views, and the same may be true regarding users of unripe gooseberries, but it may be said to those who have never tried fullv developed gooseberries that they may be cooked or preserved in every style possible with the green berry with infinitely better results and far greater economy in the amount used of sweetening material.Unripe, green orapes may make more de- siderable jelly than ripe ones, but this is clistinctly not the case with gooseberries.(Rural New Yorker.) L RS In his interesting pamphlet on \u2018\u2018Farms and Small Holdings,\u201d Sir Walter Gilbey, in allusion to the fashion of whipping-up people to grow fruit, savs : \u2014 \u201cThe English farmer's experience in the orchard has, perhaps, been the most dishearteniny of any, save under the peculiarly favourabie circumstances noticed on a nrevious page.\u201d The circumstances referred to were those of such favoured tracts as the fertile district of Evesham.Sir Walter adds .-\u2014 \u201cIt is difficult to deal patiently with the statement that \u2018lack of production\u2019 has anything to do with the flood of foreign importation, when it 1s notorious that in good seasons the fruit in England orchards is allowed to rot on the ground necause it does not pay to gather, pack, and place it on the market.\u201d\u201d That this will be the case to a very large extent with plums this season is probable, where they are grown at a great distance from a great market.As for the small markets, they are already completely glutted.Earlier in the season gooseberies, as they were a good crop, were sold in London and other markets as low as 2s.per half-bushel, and even black currants made only about two-thirds | of their usual prices.Jc nm THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 151 The Dairy Mr.Wheaton\u2019s Canadian Dairy Notes THE CHEESE TRADE Hoard\u2019s Dairvman.\u2014 There is some excitement in cheese market circles just now.The cause is the advance of 1-2 cent per lb.in prices during the past ten days, the market now (Aug.12) ruling at from 11 3-8 to 11 1-2¢ for fine cheese.The trade seems to have no adequate reason for the advance at this season.Some try to make out that one or two firms are attempting to \u2018\u2018corner\u2019 the market with a view to making a big hit later on.But this is hardly plausible in the face of the big advance.To buy cheese at present prices and hold them for a further rise seems like a precarious undertaking.Besides, the great stringen- cv in the money market would prevent banks from loaning larce enough sums to enable one or two firms to carry throuoh such an enterprise.The advance mav be due to the fact that the large English make talked of was only on paper and that more cheese will be needed from this side the water than was expected.It may also be done for the purpose of inducine factorymen to hold their stock, as they are inclined to do with the prospects of a \u2018\u2018corner\u2019\u2019 being manipulated, and thus enable the holders of the 140,000 boxes, said to be the amount of stock on hand on this side, to sell at a good profit.But, be this as it may, the producer is reaping the benefit.Retail trade conditions in the old land are said to be undergoing a change.There are many large retail stores throughout the United Kingdom that are making cheap cheese a drawing card to attract customers to their stores to buy other lines of good in which there is more mo- nev in handling.Cheese is put on the bargain counter and sold at just enough to pay costs, and sometimes for less than cost.This compels all handlers in a retail way to reduce their price to the .consumer.To what extent this will permanently effect the trade is hard to say.It will certainly increase the consumptive demand and prevent the middleman from making the usual profit.At any rate some of the large wholesalers are complaining of this demand for cheap cheese to put on the bargain counters.But the law of supply and demand will have to govern in this as well as in other lines of commerce and as the make here is below what it was last year, up to this date, 261,215 boxes being the decrease in exports from this side the Atlantic, there is good reason for present values being maintained pretty well throughout the balance of the season.THE BUTTER TRADE The butter market also shows some advance.Twenty-two and one-quarter cents for choice creamery is said to be too high for exporting at a profit.But there is an increased local demand and as the make is small there is good reason for the advance.Dairymen are certainly having things their own way this season in so far as prices are concerned.If help were as plentiful as it was ten vears ago, there would be big money in the business.But the enhanced value of skilled labor takes away considerable of the profit that present high values would otherwise give.QUALITY Mr.Geo.H.Barr, the government official referee at Montreal stated to the writer recently that the defects in cheese examined by him during the past two months have been largely due to overripe milk.If the milk had been delivered at the factories in good condition this could have been avoided.Up to the hot weather period the cheese had been excellent.While the condition of the milk was the primary cause, it is only fair to say that the makers could have helped matters some bv handling such milk properly.Many of them seem careless about it, resulting in \u201cof the producer to 152 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TWRE AND HORTICULTURE the cheese not being as good as it might otherwise have been.But all said and done the careless patron is responsible.Overripe milk will not make the finest cheese no matter how it is handled and any loss resulting should fall upon him, which it does not as many a maker who has had to foot the bill can testify.Then why does the maker take in the overripe milk ?Competition.In Eastern Ontario and in Quebec factories are small and close together, and if one maker will not take in poor milk his neighbor will.Here is the root of the evil, and until makers vet together on this point and act | in unison the trouble is hound to continue.Large factories are more independent the maker has more backbone.But in the small factory the maker wants all the milk he can get to make a living wage and he has taken risks with milk that the maker in a large factory would not take.Mr.Barr's duties are concerned with the factories that ship subject to Montreal inspection and as these are located in Fastern Ontario and Quebec, his remarks as to quality do not apply to Western Ontario cheese which goes through direct.To show how small some of these factor- jes are it is only necessary to say that many of them ship less than twenty cheese a week and few go over one hundred.This means a one man factory, and where he makes by the pound there is very little in it for him.A SERIOUS MENACE and consequently The small factories and the disinclination advance the price of making, threaten to prove a serious menace to the cheesemaking industry of this country.Tf things go on as they have during the past vear or two, it will not be a question of getting the best maker possible to manage a factory, but of being able to get anyone at all who will undertake the work.Our brightest and best young men are not learning to make cheese.Those for the most part who are taking up the work now are those who can get nothing to do at anything else and their number is gradually getting less.This scarcity of makers, however, may have a wholesome effect in compelling many of these small factories to close up or to join with their neighbors in having one good factory in the district that some bright, skillful maker would be proud to have charge of, and which could guarantee him a decent living.This is what will have to come sooner or later and present conditions as to the supply of makers, may have the effect of working out the problem whether the producers are willing or not.It must not be taken for granted by the tenor of these remarks so far that the maker in the large factory is getting all that is due him.While the price of making has advanced somewhat in recent vears it has not kept pace with the increased cost of supplies, such as boxes, etc., and the enhanced value of labor.The maker in a large factory cannot do the work himself, he must have help and considerable of it, too.This eats into his profits and at the end of the season he has little left over what will keep him and his family com- fortablv till the next season arrives.Very few of our dairvmen are seized with the importance of this maker question upon the future of the industrv.The business cannot be carried on without skilled makers to manage factories and convert the raw material into the finest cheese and butter.A cheap man in a factory is dear at any price if he cannot turn out the kind of goods the market demands.An increase of one- eighth or one-fourth of a cent per pound in the cost of making, does not mean much to the patron.\u2014_\u2014¥{H Unprofitable Cows Dairy farmers may draw many valuable lessons from the records of the Cow Testing Associations, as published by the Do- minion Department of Agriculture.Two Quebec Associations furnish a striking ex- Sm eT Te errr = rea THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 153 ample.At Coaticook during the June test, 128 cows.cave a total of 3,412 pounds of butterfat, while at St.Prosper 124 cows cave a total of 4,002 pounds of fat, or an increase of 590 pounds.Valuing the 590 pounds of butter-fat at 25c.per pound we have an increased value to the product of the 124 cows as compared with that of the 128 cows gf nearlv $150.This is an increase of $1.20 per cow for the 30 day test.' Here is another one.At Warsaw, Ont., 199 cows gave a total yield for the 30 days of 152,880 pounds of milk.At North Oxford, Ont.147 produced the same amount of milk, less 45 pounds in the same time.In other words it required 532 cows more at Warsaw to produce the same quantity of milk as was produced at North Oxford.At $2.50 per cow for keep it cost the dairymen at Warsaw $130 more to produce this quantity of milk than it did the dairy farmers at North Oxford.Further comment is hardly neces- sarv.Here is more evidence on the profitable- ness of cows from a different source, supplied by the U.S.Department of Agriculture.At the Georgia Experimental Station the best cow in the herd cave 7,968 pounds of milk during the year, which produced butter worth $115.44, while the poorest cow in the same herd gave only 2,788 pounds of milk, with a butter value of $141.63.At the Michigan Station the profit on the milk from different cows varied from $6.08 to $94.05.At the New Jersey Station the profits from different cows varied from 13c, to $49.72 when milk was valued at $1 a hundred pounds.At the Connecticut ( Storrs) Station during the year 1903 the best cow gave a profit of $54.72 and the poorest $27.60.In this case the best cow gave a profit of nearly twice that of the average cow in the herd.At the World\u2019s Columbian Exposition, Chicago, the cow with the best individual record made two and one-third times as much butter as the poorest of the seventy-five.The Illinois Experiment Station, after testing a number of herds in that State, comments as follows : \u201cNearly every herd we have tested has proved that some of the cows produce butter enough to pay a handsome profit to the owner, while others that require the same feed, care and time spent in milking do not make butter enough to pay for the feed they eat.One man who kept twelve cows got more money for the milk of three of them than he did for that of all the other nine put tovether.\u201d\u201d Like the poor, the unprofitable cow seenis to be everywhere.But this is no reason why she should he kept yer after year taking away from the pro-it of the good cows.A word to the wise is sufficient \u2014 get rid of the poor cows and keep only the profitable ones.2% Def DOMINION DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Branch of the Dairy and Cold Storage Comnvissioner Cow Testing Associations Some recent records are : \u2014- St.Edwidge, Que., June, 227 cows average 761 lb.milk, 3.6 test, 27.6 lb.fat.Highest yield of milk 1420 lh.testing 3.4.This is the largest number of cows tested this year in anv Quebec association, following similar work last vear there is very great interest evinced by the members in the work.Pine Grove, Ont., June, 128 cows average 830 Ib.milk, test 3.2, 27.0 lb.fat.Best cow 1320 lb.milk testing 3.2.Jonquières, Que., June, 152 cows average 691 lb.milk, test 3.7, 26.2 lb.fat.Highest vield 1110 1b.milk testing 4.0.East and West Oxford, Ont., June, 137 cows average 991 lb.milk average test 3.2, 32.4 lb.fat.\u2018Highest yield of milk 1660 lb.testing 2.8, from a 5 year old Holstein calved May 30, 1907.Champlain, Que., July 7, 86 cows average 626 lb.milk, test 3.9, 24.9 lb.fat.Lowest yield 330 lh.milk.Ormstown, Que., for the 30 days ending 154 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE Julv 7 has the best average so far this season in these associations.166 cows average 1018 Ib.milk 3.4, 34.9 lb.fat.One | Prof.Dean's Experiments on Milking exceptionally good record is 2063 lb.milk and machine milking for short periods, the testing 3.3.These 166 cows had a total vield of 5,803 lh.of butter fat.At Cowans- ville for the 30 days ending June 25, 167 cows had a total vield of 4,141 Ib.of fat, or 1661 Ib.less.Normandin, Que., Julv 10, 52 cows aver- agc 689 lb.milk, 4.2 test, 29.1 lb.fat.Highest vield of milk 1240 ib.Regarding the cow in the Culloden association that gave 1990 lb.of milk in the month ending July 6, 66 1-3 Ibs.a lav,the owner writes as follows : \u2018Cow No.13 is nearlv a pure bred Hol- \u2018stein, a large cow well built with well + shaped under, is a good feeder ; she is a \"cow vou could hardly tell from Calamity \u201cJane Ist, owned by Geo.Rice, she was \u201815 vears old last spring, has not lost a \u201ctooth vet; she is easy to milk.\u201c| always milk her myself at 5 o'clock \u2018\u2019 morning and night.\u2018\u2019\u2019This cow has not been fed for any spe- \u201ccial test © she was fed the same as the rest of the herd last winter and spring.She calved 2nd March.Her winter ration stalks not husked and straw \u201cmixed.cut through box.some millet,very \u2018little chop, until a month before calving * when we gradually increased chop, with \u201ca handful linseed meal twice a dav.turn- \u201cips once a day.** We did not turn out to grass until 20th \u2018or 21st of May, continued chop for two weeks on vrass.This cow runs on road \u2018in dav time, is on good red clover at night.\u2018\u201c T read a great deal, try to learn all I can, am somewhat handicapped by not having a silo, have a good catch this vear of lucern clover which will help me considerably.My hay was timothy last winter.This cow had no hay until about a week hefore calving, as T was \u2018\u201c rather short of hay.\u201d\u2019\u2014C.F.W.Ottawa, Julv 27, 1907., - \u201c .Was «corn (5 of Machines 1.In the comparative tests made of hand results were in favor of hand milking in all tests except one.2.When the machine was compared with inexperienced hand milking there was not so much difference between the results got from hand and machine milking, showing that under certain circumstances the machine might be equal to hand milking for at least a short period of time.3.The general tendency was for the cows to go dry sooner than they were accustomed to do with hand milking.This was more particularly the case with the older cows.However, this is a point not easily solved.as cows vary in this respect, from vear to year.4.Some of our voune cows have given verv good results with the machine, indicating that it may be possible to bread and train cows which will give fairly rood results under this system of milking,though they are not likelv to be so good as if irained to hand milking.5.Special care needs to be exercised in the cleaning of the machine, otherwise the milk is liable to be tainted.Simply sucking water through the parts is not sufficient.All parts of the machine thdt come in contact with the milk must be thorough- Iv scalded or steamed, at least once a week and for -ood nesults this should be done daily.6.On average farms, where ten to twenty- five cows are kept.we do not believe that it would pay to install a milking machine at present.On farms where fiftv to one hundred or more cows are kept, and where labor is verv expensive, and difficult to get, and where the owner of the cows is not so particular about maximum vields from individual cows.the milking machine is worthy of careful consideration.However, we do not consider the machines at present on the market as anvwhere near perfection.and we look for great improvement in them durine the next few vears.[IRC palin ts EE pti THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE 155 The Poultry=Dard Grapes : Its Cause and Cure The disease known as gapes is verv prevalent in many poultry vards, particularly during the summer and autumn months, causing a considerable amount of loss and annoyance, but it is nleasing to note that it 1s less common than wax the case ten or twelve vears ago, owing very largely to the improved of housing and to the greater attention that is paid nowadavs to the sanitary conditions.Gapes is due to the presence of a number of small animal parasites.commonly known as red or forked worms.which locate themselves in the trachea and bronchi, perhaps as many as a dozen or twenty being found congregated together.The majority of the worms are forked shaped, thouoh a few «traight are sometimes to be found.the former of which are the copulating males and females.The males are considerably smaller than the females, to which thev are permanently attached.=o firmly in fact that thev cannot be separated without tearing the tissues.The ova of the female contain the fully formed embrvos.which escape bv the rupture of the parent.Thev hatch in damp earth or water.and the period of incubation is from one to six weeks, according to the temperature.When those are swallowed by the they cuickly develop adults.eves in their turn in less fowls into and produce than twenty- «one davs.There is no mistaking a bird suffering from the vapes.and.unlike many other di- it can.therefore.be detected and Cases, treated immoediatelv.It chieflv attacks chickens, though T have frequently come across cases in which much older birds were affected.As a rule.however.the adults are able to get rid of the worms, which are thus unable to congregate together.A fowl suffering from 1 seen to continually extend its neck.frequently vawning or gaping.hence the name.In a bad case a wheezing cough is gapes 18 sometimes heard, and when there is a large number of worms present, froth can sometimes be seen at the mouth.Perhaps the point of most vital importance in attempting to effect a spreedy and permanent cure is to burn any birds that die from this complaint.Il have known many cases in which a bird has died of gapes, and the body has been merely buried, with the result that the eggs have hatched and the ground has become permeated with the worms.Too much stress cannot be laid upon this point, and a bird that dies from this complaint should be burnt without a moment\u2019s unnecessary delay.Another point of importance is to isolate any bird that is detected in the act of gaping.The worms are irequently coughed up by an affected bird, causing the disease to spread with great rapidity unit the whole flock may be atfe:ted.Tainted ground is very liable to cause gapcs, and as far as possible fresh iand shoulo te brought into play each seasm ; i one field is used for rearing one year it should not he so employed again for two or three seasons.It is a c¢ood plan, if the ground is thought to be at all foul, to applv a light dressing of gas-lime, or to water with a solution of sulphuric aad.One of the oldest methods of cure, hut at the same time one of the most efficacious, 1s that of soaking the grain in urine before siving to the birds, the ammonia escaping from the urine one per cent.proving fatal to the red Another very is to dip a long flight wornis and their embryos.excellent method feather in paraffin or eucalyptus oil, and insert down the throat of the bird, giving it a few ventle turns, and then slowly vithdrawing it.Several of the worms will probably adhere to the feather and So be removed.The feather should be immediately burnt.A little salicylate of soda placed in the drinking water, in the proportion of three drachms to every quart, has a very beneficial effect, killing many of the ova and embrvos.There are some very good preparations on the market which spedily cure birds suffering from 156 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE gapes, the majority of which are easy to use and quite cheap.\u2014E.T.B.\u2014_\u2014% JA Cross-bred Poultry Hand in hand with the advancement of poultrv culture a decided preference has heen given towards pure breeds.Farmers and cottagers who were desirous of improving their feathered stock have gone in for one breed or another, and as often as not reaped disappointment.They usually expected too much, and were aggrieved to find that the \u201cnew breeds\u201d did not, alter all.do so much better than the old mongrels.The reason for this has too often heen the mistake made in selecting the wron- kind of fowl for the situation or for the circumstances which it was required to fill.And at this time of year, when poultrv-keepers will be thinkine of renewing their stock a word on the rub- ject will not be out of place.Generally speaking, the agriculturist wants an allround fowl.He may make eggs a speciality.but the greatest layers are by no means the hardiest fowls, and the surplus cockerels and wastrel pullets from such breeds are almost unmarketable for table.Then, when a farmer has some hundreds of Jlavers about the place he will annuallv.or every two years, have a number to sell off as old hens.These must be big and fat to realise a decent price, a condition that can never be attained in light laving breeds.A fairly heavy class of fowl will, when it is past its best, fetch sixpence or eightpence a head more than smaller kinds, a consideration when there are manv to dispose of.The farmer, then, is not far wrong when he shows a leaning towards a breed having a touch of Asiatic blood in it rather than the pure Mediteranean.At the same time, it is generallv admitted that the active, foragine non-sitter is a more useful fowl on the farmer\u2019s fields.and that it lays more egos than a pure heavv breed.We see, therefore.that both classes of poultry of something to recommend them- selves with, and with that fact in mind a blend of the two kinds suggests itself to us.A pure-bred fowl having great lay- ino qualities and table properties of a high order does not exist: it excels either in one or the other.But if we take a breed having the one characteristic and another breed possessing the other, we may, by crossing them, produce some- thine like an ideal all-round fowl].That is what I recommend the farmer to do.By judicious crossing of properly selected breeds he will not only be attaining his desire in that one direction, but he will be creating a fowl that is hardier, generally more prolific, and better adapted to the knock-about life on a farm.The extent to which a farmer should go in getting together a good cross-bred stock must depend entirely on the circumstances, his abilitv.and ambition.Most people have already a miscellaneous stock about the place which they are not satisfied: with, but which they do not feel inclined to wipe out altogether for the sake of making a fresh start.In such instances a vigorous weeding out of the aged, the drones, and the otherwise undesirables will be a move in the right direction.Then, of those which are left, the best winter layers (and it is an easv matter to note these in November and December) may be mated to a Houdan cockerel, the result in the pullets from such parents usually being 100 per cent, better than before.In going in for an entire new stock a Houdan cross in again to be recommended.The hens may be Orpingtons, Wvandottes, Mi- norcas, Anconas, or Rocks, of a tested laving strain; and the progeny with a Houdan sire will be all that anyone could desire as all-round fowls.The effect of the Houdan blood is briefly this : It inspires laying properties, the birds mature very fast, the excellent quality of flesh and long, deep breast of the Houdan are a marked feature in the offspring.the pullets are active in disposition and thev are invaria- hlv extremely hardv.Such a- combination cannot fail to appeal to anyone who desires a thoroughlv useful fowl.pa a EE no von on ot pr ee - THE JOURNAL OF AGRICUL TURE AND HORTICULTURE 157 It is a great mistake, yet a common one, on the part of poultrykeepers to wait until winter or early sprine hefore reviewing their stock birds.This is the season\u2014early autumn\u2014when birds of both sexes are cheaper than at anv other.time.Breeders are often overstocked.and would rather dispose of old stock at a sacrifice than hamper the progress.of the voungsters, upon whose growth and well-being now so much depends, bv over-crowding.The farmer must, however, be careful as to whom he goes for his stock.He must bear in mind that there are Orpinotons and Orping- tons.as there are Shorthorns and Shorthorns.What he wants is a strain which has been bred to lav.and one which has not had its stamina and fertility sacrified by excessive methods of breedine.\u2014Arthur T.Johnson.\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Feed for Ducks The kind of feed given ducks has much to do with their egg-production.In the wild state, ducks feed from brooks and marshes ; hence their food naturally consists of grasses, small fishes and water insects of all kinds.Consequently, ducks in confinement must be supplied with foods that will approximate this natural supply as closely as possible.Imitate nature \u2014 that is the secret of success all along the line in the poultry business.Cabbage and \u2018flag grass\u2019 are two excellent green foods for ducks.Since the duck has no crop and the food passes directly from the throat to the gizzard, hard grains and feed should be given in limited quantities and all food should be fed in as soft and mushy a state as possible.An abundant supply of green food and animal food is an important matter.If water must be supplied, see that the ducks have constant access to a large supply.Swine Three Things in Hog Raising To produce a robust, money making hog, three things (in addition to proper breeding) are absolutely necessary.They are : (1) quantity of food, (2) quality of food, and (3) cleanliness.By quantity we mean not to give at anv one time more food than just what the hog will eat up clean with an appetite.Food should be given to young pigs four or five times a day, or oftener, for a while.Then, as they grow older, they can be broken off to three feeds or even two feeds a day, but never put so much feed in the trough that they will leave to take a rest and come back to finish it up.Test this by nature; whoever saw a sow with a litter of thrifty pigs the coaxing them to come and have some more when they wanted to quit ?More frequently she will shut them off before they are ready; and the sow is pretty hard to improve upon as a caretaker of young pigs.Then as to quality.In this particular we must be guided to a certain extent by the food we have available, but if this is not of a light, easily-digested nature, it will pay to go to some expense to procure what is suitable to give the pigs a good start.I think the ideal food for the first month is a thin slop of sweet skimmilk, with shorts or middlings, with a small quantity of finely-ground oats from which the hulls have been sifted.But if the milk is not plentiful, use water, and make up for the milk by adding just a little more of the oatmeal.Do not, however, keep them on the same ration every day; vary the mixture frequently, and as they get a little older, other grains may be added or substituted.From the first do not neglect to provide some pulped roots, or tender weeds and grasses, the leavings of which should he gathered up and thrown out of the pen as soon as picked over. [ 158 THE JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE When we have plenty of skim-milk, the difficulty of providing good food is largely overcome : but too much milk is not good.Avoid sour milk, or sour food of any kind.and if you are obliged to feed any vrain that is not ground very fine, it is much better to feed it dry and give the drink by itself.Some say soak it, but 1 prefer to feed dry.as this insures better mastication, and consequently Letter digestion.| find that in most cases where soaking ix attempted.the grain is not sufficient- lv sonked.and if the weather is warm it Is often soured instead.are confined If she pies in pens, as is venerally the case with \u201c\u201cweaners,\u201d thev should be provided at all times with all the charcoal thev will eat.They should also have sulphur three times a week and a little bit If any sign of constipation is seen, change the food at once and increase the sulphur.of sult in their food.Too much can never he said on this point.The old idea that af we give a hog enough to eat he can live in anv sort of place, is plaved out.will thrive in dirt As to cleanliness.If a hog and wet, he will certainly do much better on the same food if kept clean.If vou educate him to be clean, bv having a corner or place for him to vo to to drop his manure, and have that place where it Is convenient to throw it out, and see that it is thrown out regularly.vou will not only save yourself a lot of work but will have better pigs.Have the dirtroom partitioned off with a plank xo the hog can step out of it on to a clean, dry floor.Have the floor where the animal feeds and also where he sleeps.clean and dry.If this last rule is attended to you will sce how your hogs will appreciate your care by keeping clean, and making vou less work and more pork.But if you break this one commandment of cleanliness, you have gone a long way toward undoing all the others.\u2014F.W.S.\u2014Farm.World.Le Pig Feeding Mr.Winfrey and the alleged Decline.Commenting upon the statement recently made that pig-breeding was on the decline in this country, Mr.R.Winfrey, M.P., told a \u2018Daily News\u2019 representative on Monday that he could not believe the situation to be so critical as it had been represented.\u201clt is a metter of common knowledge,\u201d said the member for South-West Norfolk, that the trade in pigs fluctuates a great deal.So long as pork is cheap nothing is heard about the alleged decline in breeding and It ix only when the price is raised that such pessimistic announcements as those recently issued hy the Birmingham pork butchers and others are spread throughout the country.\u201d \u2018Are the restrictions imposed upon breeders by the Board of Agriculture unnecessa- rv and vexatious, as some people maintain?\u2019\u2019 asked the representative.rearing.\u201cNot in the least.Practically the only restrictions imposed are of a purely preventative character.The end in view \u2014 namely.the eradication of swine fever \u2014 should commend itself to all concerned.Instead of discouraging the pig industry in this country, as the butchers sav.the restrictions alluded to cannot but have a salutary effect.The truth is that the Birmingham butchers\u2019 statement must be accepted \u2018\u2018sum grano salis\u201d\u201d They have evidentlv overdrawn the case.\u201d Mr.Winfrey further expressed the opinion that if pig-breeding needed encouragement ths institution of small holdings would provide as much as could possibly he desired.The first thing a small holder did in taking possession of the land was to buy a breeding sow preferably to a cow, which was a more expensive animal not only to purchase but also to keep.\u2014 Gloster-Eng.paper.Xe a PE nl aa a a Se hoe TE teed.Sizes A BCD Capacity 280 to 600 1bs.TO COW KEEPERS If you want lots of good cream, buy a MELOTTE CREAM SEPARATOR.It will do everything that we claim and do it for a lifetime, with proper care, We ask you to compare the Melotte alongside of all others, and test the simplicity, efficiency, ease of turning and washing, and in fact, all points.Every machine is sent on a free trial and guaran- Prices and capacities on application.local agents or write us for particulars, ww AGENTS WANTED \u2014 R.A.LISTER & Co., Limited 58-60 Stewart St., Toronto, Ont.Sa See our Sizes 1 to 6 Capacity 400 to 1300 1bs.î à give us oy send them C.O.represented.Are Sure Watches.à the low price of $5.00 in a nicely engraved Case.Or the name of your nearest Express Office, will Agents wanted in every locality opuring August we offer them at D subject to vour Approval.Reliable where we are not yet LEGER L.HARDY & CO., ST.BASILE, Que.WANTED Salesmen to represent \u2018* Canada\u2019s Greatest Nurseries.\u201d Special list of New and Hardy varieties in Fruits and Ornamentals, suited for the once INES vince of Quebec.Commence at once at best selling time.Liberal inducements.Pay weekly.Handsome free outflt.Write for terms.STONE & WELLINCTON, TORONTO, Ont.GINSENG easy to cultivate, could not be surpassed as a remunerative cultivation In fact, well cultivated, it will bring not only $50.00, but $50, 000 an acre.The Ginseng\u2019s seed can be sown from the 15th of may to 15 October, is a big advantage for farmers.On receipt of 10 cents coin, (no stamps.if sent will be returned ) I'll mail the first directions concerning the Ginseng\u2019s cultivation with the price of the seeds and an illustration of that plant.Dr W.GRIGNON, A.L.member of the Board of Agriculture, of Québec.N.B.\u2014This seed ocan be sown in every month, from spring to fall.Circulars in franch only.| LE CANADA \u201c CANADA \u201d A LA PLUS GRANDE CIRCULATION De tous les journaux du matin de la Province de Qué- x WANTED \u2014 Ladies to do plain and light sewing at home, whole or spare ticre; good pay, work sent any distance, charges paid; send stamp for full particulars.National Manufacturing Co., Montreal.2-ins.IS HEALTHFUL and PLEASANT If YOU WEAR Waterproof Oiled Clothing BLACK OR YELLOW Perfect Protection Longest Service Low in Price SOLD KVERYWHERE Tower Canadian Co Limited TORONTO, CAN.> FOR A PLOW NO MORE US The Double Action Cutaway Disc Harrow Thoroughly stirs the soil.Cuts from 28 to 30 acres per day.Quickly reduces tough stubble and \u2018tard baked adobe lands to plant food without the use of a plow.Keeps surface true.Does three times as much work as other harrows with less draft.Produces 25 to 50 p.- c.larger crops.Ts fully cuaranteed by us to he the most effective cultivator made.Write for fullv descriptive booklet and price.COTE U Write at once for the most vu PATENTS liberal offer ever made for PAIE EE A AE re a a a \u2014 : obtaining patents and ask agi BY y VIR \u2026 NE : for * INVENTORS GUIDE,\u201d the best book published for : \u2018 inventors.Best references.Established 20 years., Anan Tn in A Address WM, N.MOORE, WASHINGTON, D.C, Fria Ses au! i! 0 var Hu pS Eau i | lie Ril ify yd itl Hi i i i > à ME RENE Satan at nt ques 0 ee à EE | Power and Pumping i Towers are girted every five P AG E W H T E F E N C E S feet, and double braced.1e Acme stvle you see above costs only from 16 cents a linear foot.Handsome and durable for lawns, parks, cemeteries, etc.Any height or length.Gates to match from TANKS, PUMPS, GRAIN GRIN- $2.25.Write for catalog, or inspect this ideal fence.From us direct or any Page dealer.DERS, BEE SUPPLIES, The PAGE Wire Fence Co., Limitea Wolkeyglls | Toronte, Montreal ETC., ETC.Hamilton Mica Roofing Co.MICA ROOFING For steep or flat roofs, water- IDEAL GAS AND GAS OLINE EN- CINES, AUTOMATIC BATCH CONCRETE MIXERS.Goold, Shapley Muir Co., Ltd., [01 Rebecca St., Hamilton, Can, \u2019 one) & lr B0., | proof, fireproof, easily laid, cheaper than other roofing.Send stamp for sample and mention this paper.® THESE MACHINES ARE SUPPLIED WITH : rn mmr ewes an Level tread power.?.Our prices aie Double geared power, rioht.Speed regulator on power, .= High track wheels, - Get them bes- Dustless Cylender.taking all the dust from feeder, f 1 .« Balanced Cylender on which no motion is perceptible, ore placin your 5 Concave in scetions, giving more thr ashing capacity order.@ than any other in nsc, MANUFACTURER & IMPORTER, : : Carriages, Wagons, Harnesses, Sewing and Knitting Machines.Cream Separators, Agricultural Implements of all Kinds.CAS ST.| PAU L.STR = = ET, QUEBEC.= TET = > meme summer Vehicles \u2018ns 50 DIFFERENTS PATTERNS Geo.Bélanger & Co.4 BONSECOURS ST.- - MONTREAL, PHONE M.2265.Good agents needed in every parish where we are not represented.Write now to receive complete catalogues and list of prices and our traveller will go and see you.Autumn is in.Ploughing will bewin soon.See our celebrated Beauvais ploughs, the best on the market.We need good agents immediately to sell our White sewing machines in Levis and Portneuf counties.Try one of these.We also sell the Dominion sewinoe machine at $20 throughout the province.Trv also this good machine at so low a price.We also keep the best sleighs in stock.Pav us a visit in Montreal, we\u2019ll pay vour ex- penses, if you do good business as our agents.We highly recommend our sleighs, buggies, ploughs with a seat and Garag, wire fence 4 Ideal\u201d Fairbanks gasoline Engin, grinders, See our agents or write to our firm.6.BELANGER & CO.The Secret of A BEAUTIFUL COMPLEXION New Revealed FREE \u2018What beauty is more desirable than an exquisite complexion and elegant jewels.AN OPPORTUNITY FOR EVERY WOMEN TO OBTAIN BOTH, for a limited time only.The directions and recipe for obtaining a faultless complexion is the secret long guarded by the master minds of the ORIENTALS and GREEKS.This we obtained after years of work and at great expense.It is the method used by the fairest and most beautiful women of LFurone.Hundreds of American Women who now use it have expressed their delight and satisfaction.This secret is easily understood and simple to follow and it will save you the expense of creams, cosmetics, bleaches and forever give you a beautifui complexion and free your skin from pimples bad color blackheads, etc.It alone is worth to you many times the price we ask you to send for the genuine diamond ring of latest design.We sell you this ring as one small profit above manufacturing cost.The price is less than one half what others charge.The recipe is free with every ring.It #8 a genuine rose cut diamond ring of sparkling brilliancy absolutely guaranteed, very dainty, shaped lke a Be'\u2018her with Tiffany setting of 12Kt.goln «nell, at your local ieweler it would cost considerable more than $2.00.We mail you this beautiful complexion recipe free when your order is received for ring and $2.00 in money order, stamps or bills.Get your order in before our supply is exhausted.This offer is made for a limited time only as a means of advertising and introducing our goods.Send to-day before this opportunity is forgotten.T.C.MOSELEY, 32 East 28rd Street, New-York City To women for collecting names FREE and selling our novelties, we give BIG PREMIUMS, send your name to-day for our new plan of BIG PROFITS with little work.Write to-day.Address C.T.MOSELEY, Premium department, .32 FE.23rd Street, New-York City. US.CREAM SEPARATOR will make most money for you because it gets most cream.It averages to skim cleaner than other separators, and that\u2019s what counts in the long run.The U.S.has been doing the best work in many thous- | ands of dairies for the past J 10, 12 to 15 years.Do MBA not throw away money that a If U.S.will save.The U.S.is also the simplest, strongest, safest, neatest separator.Examination, comparison, experience, ALL prove it.Only two parts in the bow! \u2014 easy to wash.Gears ALL enclos- Ÿ ed, turn in oil, run surprising easy.No spattering of oil or slopping of milk with the U.S.Costs you nothing to find out why the U.S.is the best and it\u2019s money in your pocket to learn.Just write : \u201cSend Catalogue No.to ,\u201d 8 VERMONT FARM MW MACHINE CO.(474) à Bellows Falls, Vermont LA CIE DE LATTERIE ST-LAURENT, 10 PLACE D\u2019 YOUVILLE, MONTREAL, QUE., Salesman for factory also carry a full stock of extra parts of both factory and dairy sizes.U.S.Separators.The Wheel is the Life of aWagon WANTED | Our wheels will outwear | French agents, able to introduce a several wagons \u2014 in fact | special line to our customers.For in- will last a lifetime with i formations apply to ! + | | ! sizes ordinary Care.Farmers = | who have trouble with == La Cie Pépinière Jacques-Cartier, their wheels should t aE MN set.They are low and MONTREAL, Qué.strong \u2014 Cheaner than wooden wheels \u2014 and a saving of labor for botk NJ man and horse.Made any size, and width of tire, and to fit an axle \u2014 Our guarantee goes with the (11110 wheels.Write to-dav for catalogue.DOMINION WROUGHT IRON WHEEL C0., Ltd, - ORILLIA, onT.|| IRALALLL Ga $ Doré's Threshing Macias sie 0e Best Our teeth are beautiful, natural and guaranteed, Dental Franee- American Institute.(incorporated) 162 St Denis street.Mon [Everywhere they Eh \u201c \u2014\u2014 A Our tread powers are all supplied with our Patented Everlasting lag Irons which can be renewed at the low cost of © cents each.Ask for our new catalogue which will explain you every advantages of these lag irons and the way they are made.Our Threshers are built in four, different sizes with cylinders of 24, 28, 30 and 34 in.Our 34 in.cylinder thresher is on the market only since 3 years and is specially built to be worked by 6 Horse Power Engines.Since its introduction, it has been supplied with all-modern improvements and is now a perfect thresher.LL.When required, we can furnish any of our machines with Bagger, Tailings Elevator and truck.We have always on hand a stock of full sweep and hal circle power hay Presses, alto saw banches and drag saw \u2018Wanted good agents everywhere we are not already reprensented.J.B.DORE & FILS, Laprairie, Que.CATV VV VAAN) TENE Se Ea Ee a RE WS so cri rit i i pr ES UE \"MILK GANS ROB You Look 'through a microscope-at milk set to cream in pans or cans and you\u2019ll see how they rob you.You'll see the caseine\u2014the cheese part\u2014forming a spidery web all through the milk.You'll see this web growing thicker and thicker until it forms solid curd.How can you expert all the cream to rise through that?It can\u2019t.This [i va evr corre caseine web catches a third to half the cream.You stand that loss just as long ag you use pans or cans for they haven\u2019t enough skimming force to take out all the cream.But, just the minute you commence using Sharples [28 Dairy Tubular Cream Separator, you | Sharples Dairy Tubular Oream \\§ Separators have 10.000 times more skimming force than pans or cans, and twice as much as any other separator.They get all the cream\u2014get it quick\u2014get it free from dirt and in the best condition for making Gilt Edge Butter.Caseine don\u2019tbother the Tubular.The Tubular is positively certain to greatly increase your dairy profits, so write at once for catalog II 1-233 and our valuable free book, Jt \u2018\u2018Business Dairying.\u2019 The Sharples Separator Go.West Chester, Pa, Toronto, Can.Chicago, Hl.with the guaranteed.sent free on request to, if NATIONAL WATCH CO., > Elgin, 111.À ESS FSI \u201cTime to burn \u201d originated time.candle.Exact time, originated with the ELGIN WATCH Every Elgin Watch is fully All jewelers have Elgin Watches.An interesting, illustrated 3 booklet about watches, = Plain $8.Plain and Ribbed, $12 §¥~ WRITE FOR CIRCULAR.Dundas Knitting Machine Co., Dundas, Ont, | operations on the farm.Some sort of power has become a necessity.There is almost an endless array of uses to which the power can be put.Every season, in fact almost every day in the year, the farmer will have use for it, And when the power is once on the farm, he soon learns, if he did not know it before, that he can do things easier, more quitkly and more economically than he ever did before.But the farm power must be simple and dependable and as nearly self-operating as possible because the farmer is not expected to be an expert machinist, ~ I.H.C.Gasoline Engines are made to meet these requirements in the fullest manner.Every engine carries with it the highest assurance a farmer can have of satisfactory service and right working, Whether you purchase the engine here shown or one of our various other styles and sizes of engines, you know you are gettin an engine that is perfectly adapte to the use intended.You know that the engine is scientifically built on correct mechanical principles.EASTERN CANADIAN BRANCHES: HESE are days of large You know that it is the product of workmen of highest skill operating with best procurable materials: \u201cYou know that your engine has behind it the reputation and guarantee of a great manufacturing institution whose sole business is the making of machines for farm use.\u201cSimplicity and Efficiency\u201d is our motto in building these farm engines.Every one must do its part toward sustaining the reputation of the I.H.C.works.I.H.C.engines are made\u2014 Vertical, In 2 and 3-Horse Power.Horizontal, oth Stationary and Portable, in 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15 and 20-dorse Power.Call on the International local agent and take the matter up with him or write nearest branch house for catalog and colored hanger iliustra- ting and describing these engines.London, Montreal, Ottawa, St.John, Toronto.INTERNATIONAL HARVESTER COMPANY OF AMERICA, CHICAGO,U.S A.(Incorporated) GOMBAULT'S \u2018Caustic | Balsam | = \u201d A Safe Speedy and Positive Care The Safest, Best BLISTER ever used.Takes the place of all liniments for mild or severe action.Removes Bunches or Blemishes from Horses Samaria Tasteless Remedy Cured Him, band is cured of his b: v7 There is one roof that saves money # to him in his tea an or its use.escriptive Sirculara, G ALV AN I ZED THE LAW RENOR-WILLL 8 \u20ac0., Toronto, Ons, mms STEEL SHINGLES This roof saves you work because its Free Package ic: d pamphlet giving full so easy to put on (do it yourself with a culars, testimonials .hammer and snips), and save you worry and price sent in plain sealed envelope, Cor- E BUY al! kinds because they fireproof, windproof and respondence sacredly confidential.Address: weather-proof the building they cover.T SAMARIA MEDY CO.Quy, 38, Jordan of Feathers Write us about it and hear all about mbers, Jordan St., Toronto, Cana 207 ROOFING RIGHT.Address for Cash at Happy at Last] Her Husband no longer gets Intoxicated- This lady says: \u2018\u201c For the first time since I have been married I oo 3, be ha and content\u2014 band is ad hah of drinking.Several months a 0 you sent me a free sample your remedy at my request, and without my husbands knowledge I gare it on Finina.BYPERSEDES LL CAUTERY because it will last 100 years.: I then got a fal|_treatsment it is Brery bottle sold is warranted to give satisfaction \u2018 Guaranteed in writing for 25 years.A wonderful, and T cannot suffic- Price $1.50 per bottle.Sold by dru gists, o LL OSHAWA\u201d tly thank for the blessed ent by express charges aid, with full éfrections iently than bab or Lae change it bas brought te my home,\u201d The PEDLAR People =; || Oshawa Montreal Ottawa Toronto London Winnipeg highest Pri- Also for sale all kinds of Down and Feathers Purified and free from all microbes, etc.Write for prices.P.POULIN & CIE 36-39 Bonsecours Market, Montreal GRIND YOUR GRAIN \u2014\u2014 WITH - The \u201cChampion\u201d Grinder \u2018Canora office.All questions cheerfully Irmo SEE THE BEST LAND OF SASKATCHEWAN.buy round trip ticket on the bi-monthly excursion dates to Kamsack, (C.N° R.) and have \u2018ticket extended at Winnipeg to Canora.iLand shown Iree of charge from our It grinds quickly and necessitates little power.It's the best.Satisfaction guaranteed.Ask for catalogue and prices.S.VESSOT & Co., JOLEITTE; Que, answered.Address Scand.\u2014 Canadiar Land Co Canora, Sask.Brantford\u201d Is made in 2 grades - \u201cAsphalt\u201d & \u2018\u201cRubber\u201d \u201cASPHALT\u201d has a Silica or Sand-finish, \u201cRUBBER\u201d a smooth finish.Both natural resistants to the ravages of heat, cold, acid or Alkalis.IL BRANTFORD ROOFING makes a roof waterproof and sparkproof, has a thicker, smoother surface than any other Roofing, it appeals to your judgment, compare it with any other, and yow will see the difference.BRANTFORD ROOFING is good all the way through every Roll alike, we know what goes into it, and stand behind every roll with our name on.Brantford Roofing can be laid in any kind of weather easier than any other roofing ; will lay smooth, and stay smooth.[Easily affixed, will not stick in roll, not affected by heat or cold, containing 108 sq.feet in each roll sufficient to cover 10 ft.bv 10 ft of surface.Put up in Rolls 32 inches wide.40 feet 6 inches long, with our own PATENT METAL END \u2014 EVERY ROLL is good packed this way.This is an important feature in Brantford Roofing.Write us for samples, Prices and Printed Matter.rantford Roofing Co, Ltd, - Brantford, can "]