Congress bulletin, 1 octobre 1952, Octobre

[" Set C- 439 \u201c\u2014CONGRESS BULLETIN VOL.7 \u2014 No.7 MONTREAL OCTOBER 1952 Ottawa Moves To Discourage Discrimination In Employment Fair Employment Clause In All Government Contracts Following representations by the Canadian Jewish Congress and later by other groups, the Federal Government issued an order-in- council enjoining employers not to discriminate against workers on racial or religious grounds in fulfilment of government contracts.The Canadian Jewish Congress had urged the government to institute such regulations in keeping with the general trend in democratic countries of reventing discriminatory practices.The Canadian Jewish Congress encouraged labour groups and others interested in civil liberties to support this measure, J.Irving Oelbaum of Toronto, national vice-president of the Canadian Jewish Congress, calkd the Federal Government order- in-council establishing fair employment practices in government contracts \u201ca land-mark in the expansion of Canadian democracy and the definition of the rights of Canadian citizens.\u201d The promulgation of the order-in-council was announced simultaneously at the convention of the : Canadian Congress of Labour in Toronto and at the Department of noses A.Leavitt, veteran officer of - ç e Joint Distribution Committee who A Labour in Ottawa.Mr.Oelbaum said \u201cThe Government of Canada has had acted as the leader of the properly established a moral standard governing group relations in jewish negotiating team in the re- this country, at least insofar as the rendering of services and the pro- cent discussions with Germany, will duction of supplies required by the Government are concerned.It thus be the guest speakét at the dinner of removes from Federal use goods which are tainted by having been {he Joint Campaign for the Combined # ewish Appeal and the United Israel BE produced under conditions which violate the spirit of our nation.ppeal in Montreal on October 16 \u201cDiscrimination again8t residents of Canada on racial and reli- (see also page 7).\u2019 É gious grounds is a violation of the rights of persons involved and runs eu ge counter to the interests of the public.The Government has acted - EE properly to discourage such practices and to institute sanctions against () [ \u2019 É the violators.n ar LO 3 \u201cThe present order-in-council is limited in its direct effect to those who deal with the Government but the industrial practices which ( onfe rence (Continued on page 5) ee CETERA ECLA AO 2 Î n Ha m I / f O n IN THIS ISSUE The Hamilton Jewish community will be acting as host to Ontaria 2 = Cavalcade in Western Canada .Page 2 = Jewry on Nov.8 and 9, when J.ë \u2018 SZ Irving Oelbaum, head of the Con- = Huge Effort of Montreal Jewry .Page 7 = gress in the region, will convene = .= the 14th conference of the Can = Fair Employment asvavsosnausanaa0nas00 00 bas 0008 resssanancens Pages 1, 5 = adian Jewish Congress in Ontario.= I > = The sessions at the new Hamilton E The Crippled of Israel Page 8 = Community centre will be the first = © .= such Ontario gathering since 1947.= Protection in: Austria .esssesonsanensanens sassasssnenees Page 4 = Jewish life in a small com- E a.eee = munity is the general theme of the = Significance of German Payments Page 6 = conference and the agenda has = .rx SZ been planned accordingly.A report = Decline of Europe's Jewry .coven.Page 5 2 will be given on the recent nego- sf RNA EAN AREA (Continued on page 4) AS RT RO A RAF I A Dra RO Ed Cavalcade Spurs Efforts of Western Jéwry To Raise Funds for Causes of The N.C.I.Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary Visited by N.C.I.Leaders An intensive effort by the leaders of the Congress to evoke the maximum response of western Jewry for the great needs of the National Conference for Israel and Jewish Rehabilitation has met with a considerable response.Leaders of the campaign organizations in Van- -couver, Edmonton and Calgary are unanimous in their gratitude to Samuel Bronfman and to other members of the \u201ccavalcade\u201d which \u2018toured the west on behalf of the NCL Mr.Bronfman was accompanied by Edward E.Gelber of Toronto, Monroe Abbey, Edgar Bronf- man and Saul Hayes of Montreal.They were joined in Edmonton and Calgary by Sol Kanee of Winnipeg.The fund-raising tour of these leaders of the Canadian Jewish Congress, the Zionist Organization of Canada and the NCI was marred by the tragic demise of the veteran Congress worker, A.H.Aronovitch of Winnipeg (see page 4) who died in Edmonton While serving the cause of Jewry.The Vancouver visit of the cavhl-.cade was under the local sponsor- ghip of Moe Cohen with Irving Chertkov and Samuel Heller as vice-chairmen.In Calgary, Sol Saper was chairman of the local arrangements committee and in Edmonton, Wolfe Margolus presided over the arrangements.In Vancouver, the visiting members of the cavalcade met with the executive boards of the local Canadian Jewish Congress and Zionist organizations.Mr.Bronfman was the host to the leaders of the Jewish community of Vancouver at a.Juncheon at the Barn.The gathering was addressed by the host and by M.Gelber.A mass community rally was addressed by Mr, .Gelber, Mr, Abbey, Mr.Hayes and Mr.Bronfman.Mr.Abbey appeared before at the dinner of the Women\u2019s committee of the local United Jewish Appeal, Mr.Gelber, Mr.Abbey and Mx.Hayes addressed a rally of campaign workers.- Assisting Mr.Moe Cohen in the campaign organization were M.Wolochow, honorary treasurer; S.Nagler, campaign coordinator; Dr.S.Margolese, publicity chairman; L.Leïohn, Metropolitan division chairman; M.W.Feld- stein, chairman general canvass; Mesdames H.Freeman, S.Heller, E.Lando and S, Nagler headed the women\u2019s division.The campaign executive committee included H.Ablowitz, M.Brown, C.Davis, Max Freedman, N.C.Levin, A.Levinson, R.A.Levy, Dr.S.Lip- son, David Nemetz, M.Saltzman, Dr.M.J.Waterman, H.Weinstein, Dr.J.V.White, S, Wyne, Al Mann, H., Wolfe, M.I.Lerman, E.Lande, I.Checov, I.Lipsky, D.Silvers, L.Raphael, H.Altman and Jack Kag- na.Campaign directors were Paul\u2019 Heller, Harry Freeman, Joe Sata- nov, S.Tenenbaum, S.H.Rosen, Samuel Rothstein, M.M.Waterman and A.Rothstein, In Calgary the cavalcade met with the leaders of the local organizations and the major contributors to the appeal at lunch.Further meetings and dinners took place with spokesmen for the community.This gathering culminated in a mass meeting which was addressed by the leaders of the cavalcade.\u201c The Calgary organization which was headed by Mr.Saper included Norman Gould, publicity chairman; A.H.Goldberg, Norman Libin, C.Waterman, and N.I.Ze- mans, special names committee; M.J.Rubin, Stanley Barron and Jack Edelson, pre-campaign dinner; Murray Fromson, Cohen, Paul Lichstein, Charles Switzer, Harry Cohen, Edward Cohen, and L.Stockhammer, sale of tickets committed\u201d; Dr.M.D.Mitchell, J.Hoffman, B.Pearlman, Wm, Guss and C.David, phoning: committee; S.Dattner, M.Katzin and S.Shlafmitz, mass meetings and Mrs.Markus and Mrs.M.D.Mitchell, refreshments.Harold .In Edmonton, Mr.Bronfman addressed a luncheon at the Mandarin \u2018Gardens and a public rally at the Jewish Community Centre.Speaking under the chairmanship of Dr.M.Wershof, Mr.Bronfman told the Edmonton community that the National Conference for Israel and Jewish Rehabilitation is a major beneficiary of the local United Jewish Appeal.The proceeds of this campaign are devoted to the consolidation of the State of Israel and the relief and rehabilitation of Jewish needy the world over through the Joint Distribution Committee and other agencies.Mr.Gelber emphasized the great importance of Israel in .the present juncture of events and urged greatly increased support of all national appeals.A committee including John Dower, O.B.E., Mr.Margolus, Dr.Wershof, Harry Baltzan, L.Pe- karsky and M.Freedman, Q.C.Will take all necessary measures to conclude the current drive successfully.AY LAVAL RITES Allan Bronfman and Dr.J.H.Quas- tel, governors of the Hebrew University represented this Jerusalem institution of higher learning at the centenary celebrations of Laval University in Quebec City.Mr.Bronfman is national presideÂt of the Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University.Dr.Quastel also represented the Royal Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland at the Quebec City academic assembly.MEMORIAL SET UP TO EUROPE MARTYRS The Canadian Jewish Congress Was represented at the unveiling of a granite monument in memory of the Jewish martyrs of Europe, The memorial was set up by the Adath Isrdel Congregation in Montreal at its cemetery.Rabbi Charles Bender officiated; 8.Silver and Joel Sternthal unveiled the congregation\u2019s tribute to those who died to sanctify the Holy Name.REPRESENTATION IN ISRAEL The Department of External Affairs in Ottawa has stated that the lack of trained personnel is an important cause of delay in exchanging diplomatie representatives with Israel.Page 2 CONCRESS BULLETIN .October 1952 tation leade Âbpe Man ¢ Cane Hong] Jevig Vaste) \u2014 Quo HOTTE ong & .% .BS Spiritually Rich Jewry Is Aim, Says Ontario Congress Outlining the current objectives of the Canadian Jewish.Congress, the Central region stated in a summary Just made public: \u2018Israel is still beset by enormous obstacles , obstacles which must be met and overcome if Jews are to keep faith with themselves, There must ba no slackening in any of our activities on behalf of Israel.The responsibility for its survival as a state and as a refuge.for our people lies with us no less than with its own citizens, Through the direct funds of the United Jewish Appeals and other campaigns, by investment in the various authorized channels that are being offered today, and shortly through participation in the Bonds for Israel campaign, we must make certain by our efforts, together with those of Jews in other countries, that Israel will be capable of meeting the severe de- mandg which still lie ahead.\u201cWe have participated on behalf of Canadian Jewry in the negotiations which seek to secure material reparat- - ions for the damage and economic wreckage perpetrated on our brethren in the years of the war, \u201cImmigration in Canada was as high as in any of the postwar years.Recently the Canadian government has adopted measures tending to sharply reduce Jdmmigration, Though we know from our experience with the Canadian government that it will deal as fairly as possible within the framework of the new administrative measures, we shall constantly strive to have these measures broadened and liberalized in keeping with the traditions of an awakened and wise humanitarianism and the economic needs of our ever-expanding country, \u201cInternationally, conditions during the past year have given littla comfort to our people or to the friends of democracy.There are elgments in Germany and in Austria who only seven years after the defeat of Hitlerite arms are sgeking to revive the cause of Naz- lism, a cause all had thought was, to say the least, bankrupt and discredited.Through our government in Ottawa, and through our World Jewish Congress affiliation we have consistent.iy pointed to the danger of the resurgence of Naziism and the risks involved by German rearmament, and we shall continue to do so.\u201cThe Canadian Jewish Congress looks forward to further expansion of civil * rights \u2018and broader participation in democracy for all Canadians and to strengthening of the religious and moral principles of our faith resulting in a fuller and enriched life for the total Jewish community.\u201d , _ United Appeal Leaders Meet With Cavalcade Of NCI Heads , During their visit to Vancouver, the cava:cade of the National Conference for Israel and Jewish.Rehabilitation led by Mr.Samuel Bronfman, national president of the Canadian Jewish Congress, met with local community leaders.This photograph shows (sitting, left to right) Mr.Bronfman; Moe Cohen, chairman of the United Jewish Appeal in Vancouver; Edward E.Gelber, president of the Zionist Organization of Canada; Samuel Heller, vice-chcir- man of the United Jewish Appeal in Vancouver, (standing) Esmond Lando, president of the Pacific region of the Canadian Jewish Congress; Saul Hayes, national exccutive director of the Congress and co-director of the National Conference for Israel and Jewish Rehabilitation: [rving Chertkow, vice-chairman of the Vancouver United Jewish Appeal; Edgar Bronfman of Montreal and Mon:oe Abbey, president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in nada.Page 3 CONCRESS BULLETIN -October 1952 De, 4 3 , 3 CORNER ) 4 A.H.Arcñovitch Veto Austria Pro-Nazi Laws Deeply Mourned After Jewish Protests Canadian Jewry is mourning the passing of Abraham Herman Aronovitgh of Winnipeg, who passed away suddenly at the age of 70.Mr.Aronovitch, who had served for many years as president of the Canadian Jewish Congress in western Canada, died after a seizure in Edmonton where he came to assist in the local annual drive for Israel and Congress causes, Samuel Bronfman, national president of the Canadian Jewish Congress and Sol Kanee; president of the Congress in western Canada, immediately proceeded to Winnipeg to be with the mas RONOVITCH A.H.family during their period of mourn- fing.- Mr.Aronovitch had been a resident of Winnipeg for 37 years.He had helped to found the local Bnai Brith Lodge and the Jewish Old Folks Home, the Jewish Welfare Fund and the Canadian Friends of the Hebrew University and had been president of the Jewish Orphanage, the Shaare Tzedeck Congregation and the YMHA and the Keren Hayesod.S.M.Cherniak, western vice-presi- dent of the Canadian Jewish Congress recalled that Mr.Aronoviteh \u201chad led the Congress for over four years during a period in which the turmoil of the war and the post-war years exacted a high toll of energy and attention from a man hodding so responsible an office.All members of the Congress organization stand in silent tribute, honoring the memory of this pioneer of Jewish commutity \u2018Ffe in \u2018Winnipeg, one of the outstanding \u2018naiional figures of the Congress -drganization, \u2018and a man who was devoted to the aims \u2018of Congress work to the last moment of his iife.\u201d - Following the protests of the Cana- \"dian Jewish Congress and other representative Jewish groups in various parts of the world the occupation powers in Austria acted to block proposed legislation which tended to encourage the revival of Naziism in that country.The Austrian Parliament had decided to grant amnesty to former Nazis and restore their properties and their rights.At the same time the Parliament had proposed to amend existing restitution laws to the deiriment of Jews and other victims of Nazis.The allied council in Austria promptly vetoed the Austrian legislation, This proposal evoked the condemnu- ation of all who are concerned with the possible resurgence of anti-semit- ism in Europe.Michael Garber, Q.C., chairman of the national executive of the Canadian Jewish Congress, made representations, to the Canadian Government urging Ottawa to use its good offices with the western powers to prevent the implementation of these proposals.Mr.Garber told L.Dana Wilgress, Canadian Secretary of State for External] Affairs, that the laws passed by Austria must shock all friends of freedom and justice.Mr, Garber said that this legislation rehabilitates war criminals while denying justice to their vietims., It constitutes a cynical contempt for western democratic practices and objectives, he said, Other Jewish groups \u2018including the World Jewish Congress, the American Jewish Congress, etc., made similar.re- s presentations.: a Saul Hayes, ithe national executive director of the Canadian Jewish,Coxn- gress, stated that the proposed laws had, been prepared by the Austrian-legisla-.tors in extreme secreey and »that-they had not even been made available to < the Austrian press until everything had been prepared for their passage by parliament.He pointed out that 26,000 persons in Austria are classified under 1947 legislation as major offenders.It was proposed to grant full civic rights to 20,000 of these, to discontinue the criminal proceedings arising from New Volumes The library of books issued by Canadian Jewish writers has been enriched recently by two volumes of permanent value.The publication of both these volumes has been facilitated by the Canadian Jewish Congress.In Montreal the Book (enter has published the English translation of Israel Rabinovitch\u2019s volume on Jewish.music.It appears in the English translation of A.M.Klein.In London, Ont., a specially formed committee has published a volume of translations of poems by Yehoash.The translation from the Yiddish was made by Dr.Isa- dore Goldstick who also contributes an introductory essay on pantheism in the works of Yehoash.There is also appended a valuable biographical sketch of the Yiddish poet.Reviews of these books will appear in forthcoming issues of the Congress Bulletin.Ontario.(Continued from page 1) tiations with Germany on Jewish material claims.Rabbi Reuben Slonim heads the arrangements committee.He is assisted by Lou Kurman of Hamilton, S.D.Granek of St.Catharines, À.M.Lampel of Sarnia, H.Waisberg of Sudbury, Milton M, Sumner of Windsor and Saul Einhorn of Oshawa as well as Gurston Allen, Mrs.Bert Cooper, Prof.J.Finkelman, Meyer W.Gasner, Arthur E.Gel- ber, Edward E.Gelber, B.Gold- stein, D.Lou Harris, A.Kirzner, Harry Korolnek, S.Kraisman, M.Margolius, J.S.Midanik, Rabbi D.Ochs, J.Irving Oelbaum, S.Ogden, J.D.Pearlstein, S.M.Shapiro, Mrs.John A Sherman, Rabbi R.Slonim, their Nazi activities and to exonerate ¢ H.Steiner, Mrs.S.Strauss and I.them from sentences already imposed upon them.Almost all the 26,000 would have had returned to them the properties which had been confiscated from them as punishment for their Nazi act- ~ ivities, Some 30,000 civil servants who were Nazis and.who had been suspended from their positions would have been reinstated with full rights to promotion, salaries and pensions./ / Weinberg all of Toronto.CONGRESS BULLETIN Issued monthly at 493 Sherbrooke St.W., Montreal to report on the activities of Canadian Jewish Congress and the United Jewish Relief Agencies.Authorized as second class mail, Post office Department Ottawa.Edited by David Rome.Page 4 re ta eae ae CONGRESS BULLETIN October 1952 4 RP ESP fl il be | ¥ omy \u2018fs gaie 1 fete Jr sé fhe A gp fo ofian Congré devoted group fhe es titution Govern The form d gulati Hours efi diserin regart that colour person given on all the p any ¢ às to been cont vision ter Or any the Dlrpos and hi the pu contra the } of La tly Ife tmp; tp ls b linjg \u2014 en \u2014 re ptm Pt A =a SESE EE = =.1 ET 3 >, \u2014 fey AD Federal Action For Fair Practices \u2026 (Continued from page 1) Will be thus established in this important sector of the Canadian economy will doubtless spread to all industries and services.\u201cExperience in various parts of Canada and in various American states has proven that such regulation of employment practices is very effective and works no hardship on any element of the population.The order-in-council provides clear safeguards for employers and workers.\u201cIt is a safe prediction that the order-in-council will go down in the annals of Canada as a major step for the improvement of Canadian living.The Canadian Jewish Congress which has always been devoted to be improvement of group relations in Canada and to the extension of democratic institutions is deeply gratified at the Government action.\u201d The order-in-council is in the form of an amendment to the regulations of the Fair Wages and Hours of Labour Act.It provides.that all contracts entered into after the first of January, 1953, on behalf of the Government of Canada shall include the clause that \u201cthe contractor shall not refuse to employ or otherwise discriminate against any person in regard to employment because of that person\u2019s race, national origin, colour or religion, nor because the person has made a complaint or given information with respect to rn alleged failure to comply with the provisions of this clause.If any question arises at any time as to whether or not there has been a failure on the part of the contractor to comply with the provisions of this clause, the Minister or Deputy Minister of Labour or any other person designated by the Minister of Labour for the purpose shall decide the question and his decision shall be final for the purpose of this contract.The contractor shall make available to the Minister or Deputy Minister of Labour or any person instruet- ed by the Minister or Deputy Minister of Labour to inquire into any complaint of noncompliance with the provisions of this.clause.his books and records and shall furnish to him such additional information as is required by him for the purposes of the inquiry.Failure of the contractor to comply with any of the provisions of this clause shall constitute a material breach of the contract.If the contractor is dissatisfied with a decision .he may, within thirty days after the.decision was made, request the Minister of Labour to refer the question to .a judge of a Superior, County of District Court, whose decision is final for the purposes of this contract.\u201d The promulgation of the order-in- council follows representations made to the federal government for legislation.outlawing religious and racial discrimination in employment.The national conventions \u2019 of the major labour congresses in Canada have advocated federal regulation to this effect and submissions have recently been made to the Government by labour groups, the Canadian Jewish Congress, the Jewish Labour Committee, and other proponents of civil rights arguing for such legislation.In Ontario a provincial Fair Employment Practices Act has been on the books for some time and observers have reported a considerable improvement in group relations as a result.The Saskatchewan Bill of Rights also makes it illegal to discriminate in employment on raclal or religious grounds, During the last war the American government had enacted, federal fair employment practices on an emergency basis, but this has lapsed with other wartime regulations.However, a number of states have passed laws to the same effect and these have proven useful in preventing discrimination against negroes, ete, The proposal to incorporate federal fair employment legislation into the official platforms of the major political parties in the U.S.has become, an important political issue on the American scene.F Rent developments În outlawing dey wination in Canada includes the passage of licensing by-laws in a number oft/Canadian cities forbidding businesses operating under civic permits to refuse ¢) serve members of the public on racial or religious grounds; such legis- «lation has been passed in Oshawa, Toronto; Kitchener and other cities.The Ontario and Manitoba legislature have forbidden the insertion of entailing clauses into property deeds forbidding ownership or occupancy to members of religious or ethnic groups.The Supreme Court of Canada has invalidated one such clause which was brought before this tribunal.In Ontario it is forbidden for hotels or resorts to advertise a policy of religious or racial discrimination.When a hotel in the province of Quebec im- \u201cEurope Era In World Jewry Ended\u201d Congress Over 4,300,000 Jews migrated from Europe in the past one hundred years, the World Jewish Congress has dise closed, As a result of this mass migration and the deaths \u2018of millions of Jews through persecution, Europe has ceased to be the principal center of Jewish life, Although 88 per cent of the Jews of the world lived in Europe in 1850, only 24.59% live there now.The major part of European Jewry is now to be found in Soviet Russia, separated and cut off from the rest of the Jewish people.\u201cThe share of European Jewry in the life of the Jewish people, and hence its share in shaping the destiny of world Jewry, has greatly declined,\u201d the World Jewish Congress notes.The survey was prepared by Jacob Lestchinsky, noted statistician and econ omist and member of the Congress Ine stitute of Jewish Affairs.The trend of Jews to emigrate from Europe is continuing.In the years 1946-50 approximately 530,000 Jews left Europe and many thousands of others are registered for emigration, This expression of desire to leave the European continent applies not only to Jews in Southern and Eastern Europe but in Western Europe as well.\" The results of emigration and mass- extermination are that today there are considerably.fewer Jews in Europe than there were in 1850.A century ago, 4,500,000 Jews lived in Europe, whereas the number in 1950 was only 2,750,000, This has occurred despite the fact that the number of Jewish Europe more than doubled between 1850 and 1914, When it is considered that during, 1850-1914 over 2,500,000 Jews emigrated from Europe and that 90 per cent of the Jews in America in 1914 were immigrants from Europe, European Jewry had virtually tripled in this period.The rise in European Jewish population was in line with the increase of the total population of Europe from (Continued on page 7) plemented such a policy against two American Jewish tourists the case was taken to the courts but the hotel settled the case and undertook not to pursue .such a policy in the future.October 1952 CONGRESS BULLETIN Page 5 Canadians Give Valuable Leadership Canadian Jewish representatives are continuing their active role in the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany which promises to make \u201can important contribution to the State of Israel, Jewish welfare institutions the world over and the record of international diplomacy.The Congress will be one of the first participants in the corporation now being set up under the laws of New York State to implement the policies of the Conference.The resolution to authorize this incorporation was introduced at the recent meeting of the policy committee in New York by the national president of the Canadian Jewish Congress.Mr.Bronfman also moved votes of appreciation to Dr.Nahum Goldmann ,the presidium of the conference and M.A.Leavitt and his colleagues on the negotiating team for their contribution towards the attainment of the objectives of the Conference.He also moved ~ the resolution approving the agreements already reached with Germany and the agreemeft with Israel.Over three-quarters of a billion dollars will accrue to Israel and to representative Jewish organizations as a result of the conclusion of negotiations between Jewry.and the western German authorities.The payment of $822,000,000 ~ has been authorized by the German authorities.Of this amount $715,000,000 will go to the State of Israel and $107,000,000 will be paid to the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany.The Canadian Jewish Congress is a member of the conference and Samuel Bronfman, Michael Garber, Q.C., and Saul Hayes have been active in various phases of the complex negotiations.Samuel] Bronfman, national president of the Canadian Jewish Congress emphasized in his statement on the signing of the agreement that \u2018the negotiations were confined to material claims only and that no general political or ethical oes, issues were involved.It is not suggested that the crimes which had been committeed have been expiated by those who are guilty or have been forgiven.\u201d He also said that \u201cthe agreement that was reaçhed implements important principles of justice by making restitution to the Jewish people for some of :the property looted by the Nazis.The repayments that are envisaged will help to resolve pressing economic problems in Israel and_in thé Middle East.\u201d UNIQUE IN HISTORY, The contract between western Germany and the Jewish people represents a landmark in international diplomacy.There is no record of the Jewish people ever before having received repayment from any of its persecutors to help cover the cost of rehabilitating the survivors of the massacres.Moshe Sharett, Israeli Foreign Minister, called the agreement \u201cunique in the annals of international relations.Germany has pledged itself to make global re- -compense for a part of the material damage suffered by the Jewish people.This act of reparation is of historic significance.It was adopted in the exercise of free will and - in obedience to the call of ioral responsibility.Its educative «value for the German people and its fm- portance as a precedent in-Ÿ \u201cWild history cannot be exaggeralf {: es One commentator pointed: o shat never has any sovereign netion aid war damages to anyone except under the duress of defeat, The Globe & Miil of Toronto called the agreement \u2018one of the most remarkable transactions in human history.World opinion certainly backed Israel\u2019s claim but neither the world _court nor any other tribunal passed upon it or fixed the assessment\u201d.In Israel the important newspapers Davar and Ha\u2019aretz said that the signing of the indemnity agreement marks the first time in Jewish history that reparations have been made without the necessity for.armed conflict.Ha'aretz went on to say that though there is not much ground to feel that | Page 6 Nations\u2019.Diplomacy there is a real German repentance, nevertheless the agreement is proof that the Germans admit responsibility for their crimes and their obligations toward the resettlement of Nazi survivors.NO FORGIVENESS IMPLIED All Jewish representatives warn that it would be a misinterpretation of the agreements to believe that the German crimes have been forgiven and that normal trade relations between Jews and Germany \u2018have been restored.All participants in the negotiations have emphasized that no forgiveness of German crimes is involved in the agreement.As Mr.Sharett said \u201cour memory is still haunted by the campaign of mass annihilation carried on by the German National Socialist regime.In the consciousness of our people this fearful wound remains open.Indeed it is difficult to conceive of an atonement for the millions of innocent lives cut down and for the torments so wantonly inflicted.\u201d Dr.Nahum Goldmann stated that now that west Germany has agreed to pay Israel for some of the losses suffered under the Nazis, world Jewry looks to Austria for a settlement in view of the fact that Austria participated with Germany in the persecution of Jews.Dr.Goldmann revealed that unofficial talks have already taken place between representatives of some Jew- AN organizations and Austrian officials.à JEWISH UNITY It has been pogsible to achieve the successes thus far attained only because the Jewish groups showed a strong sense of unity.The entire issue of the negotiations with Germany has from the beginning been controversial and delicate.The proponents of these negotiations have been harshly \u2018critisized by those who did not agree with the proposed course of action.With considerable courage the negotiators made every effort to procure for Israel and for the Jewish people the material resources to which Jewry is entitled and which it requires to carry out (Continued on page 7) CONGRESS SULLETN \u2014 October 1952 | German Payments Plan Hailed As Unique | Contribution To Israel, Tus gré The {a Jef objec the eu salted coast 0 djectf follows \u201cTo canadis Jarger * fo po treet © word 0 for Ca strait cheri fg ll The) forvard ¥ attrait tg pr fn of Th \"To ¥ gulher in joua] Con Renadilit fos: fhe the Cait fay Tall \u2018\u201cPledg demption ad opp Jens Hi the Nat forward {his va Tt only ¢ which but al {mm \u201cMa {hems politi fre m of Igy cote; Comey my to ei to firmiy State of Dridg both Phi Cangg A be hl; ling Neg, ~~ Oct iat fre 1 ine | 3 M, 3 til | mass J tn orl | ne caf 3 of rie J] hat 4 10 js ay ant ip wl \u201cat the and 11 ny wf 0 of | Tasks Facing Jewry Now are Defined by Congress The national president of the Canadian Jewish Congress outlined the major objective facing Canadian Jewry during the current year in a message which Teceived considerable attention from .coast to coast.He defined the present objectives of Canadian Jewry in the following terms:\u2014 \u2018\u201c\u201cTo enhance and advance the highest Canadian ideals; to intensify and give larger scope to culture and education; to promote increasing harmony between our various ethnic groups\u2014in a word, to participate in all that makes for Canadian progress and Canadian strength-\u2014these remain as always the \u2018cherished objectives of Canadian Jewish effort, \u201cThe present year, moreover, throbs forward with yet other challenges\u2014the aftermath of recent history\u2014the numerous problems involved in the complet- fon of The Ingathering.\u201cTwo years ago there were joined together in associated effort as the National] Conference for Israel and Jewish Rehabilitation four national organizations: the Canadian Jewish Congress, the United Zionist Council, the Canadian Welfare Funds, the Bnai Brith, \u201cPledged to play its part in the redemption from continuing homelessness and oppression of a total of 600,000 Jews within a period of three years, the National Conference now proceeds forward to the second instalment of this vast operation in rescue.\u201cIt does so with an awareness not only of the humanitarian imperatives \"which enjoin help for the distressed, but also of the urgencies which counsel immediate action, \u201cMany of these refugees still find themselves in areas where there prevail political situations of a highly explosive nature, Moreover, within the State of Israel itself, beset as it is by grave economic problems, many of the newcomers are far from self-sustaining.\u201cTo, bring the hapless of our people to safe sanctuary in Israel and there to sustain them until they can stand firmly on their own feet to build a State that will not only be & source of pride to themselves, but a source of pride to all Jews everywhere\u2014that is both the message and the challenge which the National Conference issues to Canadian Jewry.\u201cIn its response Canadian Jewry will be motivated by yet .another impulse, Israe] stands on the shores of the Mediterranean\u2014a beacon of democracy.| Montreal Drive For Over $2,700,000 Montreal Jewry is facing up to .the greatest Jewish fiscal challenge in its history: a drive for over $2,700,000 for the needs of the United Israel Appeal, and the Canadian Jewish Congress, the United Jewish Relief Agencies, the Federation of Jewish Community Services, the Jewish General Hospital, the Jewish Immigrant Aid Society, the Jewish Community Camps, the Public Library and Hillel \u2014 in brief, the Combined Jewish Appeal.The United Campaign for the United Israel Appeal and the Combined Jewish Appeal will be held from October 30 to November 13, but the advance work of the cam- .païgn is well under way.\u2019 Samuel Bronfman, honorary chairman of the campaign, will be host at a dinner to open the actual pledging drive on October 16.Moses A.Leavitt of the JDC will be the guest speaker.Mr.Leavitr was head of the Jewish negotiating feam of the Conference on Jewish material claims against + Germany (see page 6).German Payments.(Continued from page 6) the program to which it is pledged.The 23 organizations which congt- Âtuted:the conference on material relaims worked very smoothly toge- \u201cther and with the Israeli Government, In addition to the reparations agreement, Germany has enacted more satisfactory provisions for the return of Jewish property to the former owners or heirs.In the American and French zones of Germany laws have been passed for the individual indemnification for losses and damage caused under the Nazi regime.In that part of the world it is the only state which pursues and exemplified .a Way of life similar to our own.Every strengthening of Israel, therefore, is a strengthening of the forces that labor for freedom, democracy and world peace.\u201d October 1952 \u201cEurope Era.(Continued from page 5) 255,000,000 in 1850 to 470,000,000 in 1914, However, the Jewish surplus of births over deaths was higher propor- \u2018tionally, The Jewish emigration from Europe in this period also paralleled a general movement of peoples from Europe.From 1850 to 1914, over 60,000,000 persons left Europe for newer lands, / After 1914, however, the parallel ends.In the 1914-39 period, the total population of Europe increased from 470,000,000 to 530,000,000, while the Jewish population declined from 10,- 000,000 to 9,500,000.This was due to Jewish losses during World War I; a decline in the natural increase from 170,000 per year before 1914 to 80,000 immediately after the war and to 65,« 000 in the years just before 1939; and the emigration of 1,100,000 Jews from Europe between 1914 and 1939, Fully 71 per cent of the remaining Jews in Europe on the eve of World War II died as a result of War and Hitlerlan persecution by 1945.Of these, 200,000 fell in battle and 5,800,- 000 others were exterminated.In this period, only 170,000 Jews were able to escape from Europe.The establishment of the State of Is \u201c rael and some immigration concessions by other countries have greatly increased the emigrant flow since then.Of the 530,000 Jews who left Europe from the beginning of 1946 to the end of 1950 140,000 went to the U.S.and Canada, about 40,000 to Latin America and Aus- traiia and as many as 350,000 to the Holy Land The process of emigration from Eue rope is far from ended.The exodus is still in progress and would assume even larger dimenstons if all European countries permitted emigration.In Western Europe, 8,000, or more than one-fourth of the 30,000 Jews in Belgium, have registered for emigration.Thousands of Jewish residents of Holland and France have also applied for emigration recently, mainly to Ise rae] but also to the U.S.Canada and Australia, while Jews are represented in considerable numbers in the \u2018strong tide\u201d of emigration from Britain to the dominions.| CONERESS BULLETIN Page 7 With Congress Aid, through MALBEN Even The Crippled Aid Israel Growth © Israel's struggle for economic independence is being fought not only by its young and healthy citizens but by Jewry\u2019s physically handicapped as well.| ® In the past two years, thousands _ of immigrants who came to Israel as invalids, hospital patients and disabled persons have been turned into useful, productive citizens by the J.D.C.\u2019s \u201cMalben,\u201d a vast human salvage operation aimed at reclaiming human lives damaged by war and Nazism which is financed in part by the United Jewish Relief Agencies of the Canadian Jewish Congress.Since its founding in 1950, \u201cMal- ben\u201d for medical and rehabilitation care and for a network of hospitals, sanatoria, workshops and other institutions across Israel.Its 1952 budget is $9,500,000.- During the first twenty-four months of \u201cMalben\u201d activity some 15,000 immigrants have received direct hospital and rehabilitation services through \u2018\u201cMalben\u201d, Since most of these sick, disabled and handicapped persons came to Israel with fheir dependents, the number of new immigrants and relief cases who have benefited from \u201cMalben\u201d runs to the tens of thousands.Large numbers of hospital pat- fents, unemployables and other \u2018hard core\u2019 cases have been helped by \u2018\u201cMalben\u201d to find useful work and self-support.Many immigrants \u201c Who entered Israel as burdens to the country are thus now making their own contributions to its economic development.\u2018Malben\u2019 loans have thus far aided 1,000 handicapped immigrants most of them heads of large families.\u201cMalben\u201d has helped its former clients open grocery, shoe repair and other shops providing essential services in scores of new settlements.Ninety-seven per cent.= has expended $23,000,000 .of these enterprises are -self-sup- porting and 80 per cent are already repaying the original loan.Another device designed to help handicapped immigrants earn their own way is the sheltered workshop plan.A network of special shops and small factories have been established for disabled persons who must have \u2018sheltered\u2019 work .conditions, including ample rest and some medical supervision.After a three-months vocational training course, they are ready to begin work on an assembly line basis that permits each employee to perform a single operation.\u2018Malben\u2019 sheltered workshops produce furniture, wearing apparel, plastic products and a variety of other articles for the local market.The most unusual of \u201cMalben\u2019s\u201d rehabilitation projects is the world\u2019s first village of the blind\u2014 Kfar Uriel, \u201cThe Light cf God.\u201d Here, in prefabricated houses, live 75 families, ea¢h headed by a blind person.Most of them had been beggars in the Yemen.Seven cf the families consist \"of blind pa: rents and seeing children.The sightless members of the community have been taught useful trades and work in special small factories near their homes, manufacturing mattresses (1,000 per week), brushes, brooms, rugs, wicker baskets and other articles.The sale of these products provides excellent wages and the small fruit and vegetable gardens, the goat and flock of chickens given each family by \u201cMalben\u201d serve as a source of additional income.The village of the blind is entirely self-supporting.Other \u201cMalben\u201d rehabilitation .activities include vocational training, particularly for post-TB cases, orthopedic and occupational therapy in its medical institutions and employment and placement services for patients discharged from its hospitals.\u201c - New immigrants are also served by .Malben\u2019s\u201d medical services, asc aus.à \u20ac which are as extensive as its rehabilitation activities.Chief emphases of this program are on the hospitalization of tuberculosis patients and care for the aged.In both activities \u201cMalben\u201d operates the most extensive programs in Israel.Near Tel Aviv JDC has built a 500-bed TB sanatorium, the largest and most modernly-equipped in the Middle East.Because tuberculosis is Israel\u2019s biggest health problem, \u201cMalben\u201d has already put this center into service and nearly 250 beds are now occupied, although the operating theatre and several wards are still under construction.One thousand other TB patients receive \u201cMalben\u201d care in a chain of other sanatoria.Currently, \u201cMalben\u201d cares for more than 80 per cent of all tuberculosis patients under hospital treatment in Israel.Other \u201cMalben\u201d health services provide hospitalization and institutional care for chronic invalids, defective children, mental patients and incurables, For ambulatory patients, \u201cMalben\u201d operates a chest X-ray elinic, dental services and other out-patient dispensaries: Thousands of artificial limbs and other prosthetic devices have been.\u2018provided under this phase of the J DC program, More than 2,000 persons are currently engaged in the care of \u201cMal- ben\u201d patients.They include physicians, nurses, occupational therapists, social workers, dentists, laboratory technicians and architects drawing plans for the construction of new \u201cMalben\u201d centers.To meet the country\u2019s desperate shortage of nurses, \u201cMalben\u201d has opened its own training school for nurses\u2019 aides.The first twenty young men ahd women to finish the six-months courses are already at work in the hospital.Page 8 [oc au QNERESS BULIECN October 1952 "]