The educational record of the province of Quebec, 1 janvier 1922, Janvier - Mars

[" st 7 ® a, The Educational «+ Record = of the Province of Quebec * No.I, 2 & 3 January, Febuary & March 1922 Vol.XLII EDITORIAL NOTES: EFFECTIVE INTEREST IN RURAL SCHOOLS No one engaged in educational work, whether as teacher, inspector or other official, doubts the fact that a great many people take an interest in education.Most people, indeed, regard it as the most important social subject.This may be tested and proved in almost every group of persons who can be gathered together anywhere in city, town and country.Here and there, of course, there may linger old-fashioned people (we knew quite a number forty years ago) who think that education is a bad or a dangerous thing for the \u201cmass,\u201d but there can be no question now, however, as to the fact that the vast majority thoroughly believe, theoretically at least, in the \u201csquare deal\u201d for every child in this respect.We say that \u201ctheoretically at least\u201d they believe in this square deal, but we_do not mean to imply that their The Educational Record belief is insincere.It is real, and more or less earnest.Not only in our own province, however, but also in many parts of the other eastern provinces of Canada there is a lack of effective interest.Good intentions and good ideas in regard to the schools are not put into practice as effectively as they should be.Eastern Canada possesses as much democratic freedom in educational legislation and system as Western Canada or as the states to the south of us, but we remain so conservative in action! Consider, for instance, that picture of the progress of consolidation in Indiana given in this number of the Educational Record.Consolidation was preached in Ontario, in Quebec, in New Brunswick and in Nova Scotia ten years before it was mentioned in Indiana.Yet that state now has 1,000 consolidated schools, while the whole of eastern Canada has hardly 50! What rural schools were like, and what the rural conditions were like in Indiana before consolidation may still be read in that old novel by Edward Eggleston\u2014\"The Hoosier Schoolmaster\u201d.Some glimpse of the new schools and of the new conditions is afforded in the article just referred to.Our public, we are convinced, are far from indifferent to this particular question.We have tested this public opinion often in many parts of the Province, and it is certain that consolidation is regarded as the right principle for the rural schools.All that is lacking is effective interest.For this effective interest we must look to stronger local leadership.The man who leads the way is not at once crowned with laurel; we are still very conservative! One of the best consolidations in the Province was the work of a school commissioner, without children of his own, who contributed $400.00 towards the cost of the new building.At the first opportunity the ratepayers turned him off the school board.All that really matters, however, is that the school soon proved its usefulness and the only commis- Pa Effective Interest in Rural Schools sioner who- wou!d now be in danger of his head would be one that might suggest going back to the old system.The Government grants towards the cost of conveyance, and the many public meetings held by the Department and the Protestant Committee, have done much to pave the way for more widespread adoption of consolidation, but there is still needed that effective interest that comes from strong local leadership.The conservative spirit has, indeed, its usefulness in some ways, If the larger progressive measures are slow to mature we are kept, at any rate, from running after every new educational \u201cfad\u201d.Consciously and unconsciously we follow the rule of \u201cslow but sure.\u201d After a good many years\u2019 experience we are convinced that there has been much progress in two fundamental ways in regard to the Protestant rural schools of Quebec.The first is that the salaries have improved.They are still below the mark they should attain but they are about four times better than they were ten years ago in most municipalities.A number of boards which were then paying fifteen dollars a month are now paying sixty.This is a substantial fact which should always be borne in mind in discussions on the salary question, although it is also quite legitimate to point out that the rural teacher now frequently pays several times more for her board than she did ten years ago.The other fundamental is that there is decided change of heart as to the value of training for the teacher.Fifteen years ago an active campaign was conducted in certain quarters on behalf of the doctrine that the teacher was \u201cborn and not made\u201d, and that hence training was of but little use.This idea received much support, and had to be met by a very vigorous counter-campaign.Today the great majority of our rural school boards are-alive to the importance of the trained teacher; the one difficulty is\" to obtain them always.The small school of eight or ten pupils is not attractive enough, even when the salary is sixty dollars a month. The Educational Record This 1s where one sound argument for consolidation begins.We have many small rural schools.When three or four of them are united there is a good sized school for the trained teacher, the cost of conveyance is largely met by the reduced number of teachers required, and universal experience shows that better work can be done in the larger school.\"CANADIAN BOOKS FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES The Canadian Authors\u2019 Association came into existence during 1921, chiefly for the purpose of protesting against certain features of a discriminatory character in a new Federal Copyright Act.Fortunately, also, the Association took a broad view at once of what might be accomplished by such an organization in the way of developing Canadian literature and of informing the public in general that such a literature exists.The leading daily newspapers welcomed the purposes of the Association, and one practical result was the initiation of a Canadian Authors\u2019 Day (last November) at the bookstores.In this connection we have thought it worth while to draw the attention of teachers and school boards to the fact that a number of the Canadian books are suitable in a high degree for the school libraries and as prizes, although mostly for the older pupils.From a list supplied by the Authors\u2019 Association we select the following titles: \u2014 Author Title Publisher Allan, Luke The Lone Trail Allan, Marguerite The Rhyme Garden Ambrest, Duncan The Beechwoods Where the Fishers Go.Buchanan, Capt.A.Wild Life in Canada Blewett, Jean .The Cornflower Campbell, Wilfrid .'he Oxford Book of Gundy, cloth Canadian Verse .leather À \\ \\ ob Cod.Ë (howe.Carmez Currie Cali © Dean, ¥ alec Davies - Douglas Dean, E- Cra Hai tain Siew 2100 4200 1 15 1 tl Lid 29 3W Canadian Books For School Libraries Title Publisher Acanthus and Wild Grapes.McC.& Stewart.Jess of the Rebel Trail.\u201c Glen of the High North.The Touch of Abner The Unknown Wrestler.Under Sealed Orders.Rod of the Lone Patrol.If Any Man Sin Chief of the Ranges .The Sky Pilot in No Man\u2019s Land .The Major .Black Rock .The Sky Pilot .Corporal Cameron .The Doctor .The Foreigner .Glengarry School Days.++» The Man from Glengarry.The Patrol of the Sun .Dance Trail -The Prospector Chown, Alice A.The Stairway Carman, Bliss .Songs from Vagabondia.ce cé -Poems -More Songs from Vagabondia + Last Songs from Vagabondia Three Vilumes in One.\u2018The Story of Laura Secord and Can.Reminiscences.Cabot, Wm.Brooks.T,abrador Dean, Mary Morgan.The Lady with the Other Lamp: The Story of [1] ce \u201ce Blanche Read Johnston.McC.& Stewart .Dechausois, Fr.P., O.M.IThe Grey Nuns in the Far North Dugmore, A.R The Romance of the Beaver Drummond, Dr.Ww.H.The Habitant \u201c -Johnny Corteau -The Voyageur -The Great Fight Complete Poems Davies, Dr.Trevor Spiritual Voices in Modern Literature Douglas, James New England and New France Dean, Henry H Canadian Dairying .oH ero bo S6o60e0666600609 Ssocoesoso0060° HOE HH HH Coco oocooo cCooocoococoo The Educational Record ry =.8 Author Title Publisher Eayrs, Hugh S The Life of Sir Isaac Brock MacMillan .,.Foley, Pearl The Gift of the Gods.Thos.Allen .Fraser, W.A.Red Meekins McC.& Stewart .\u20186 6 Bulldog Carney .(6 Footner, Hulbert .New Rivers of the Norih.\u201c6 (6 .Gordon, Rev.A.R The Victorious Banner .McC.& Stewart .i\u201c The Enchanted Garden.\u201c \u201c Garvin, John W.Canadian Poets \u20ac Canadian Poems of the Great War Gibbon, John Murray.The Conquering Hero.és és 6 .Drums Afar Gordon, Alfred .Vimy Ridge Greely, A.W.A Handbook of Polar Discoveries Goodchild Grenfell, Dr.Wilf\u2019d T.Labrador Doctor Thos.Allen .\u201c6 \u201c6 .Labrador Days : \u201c \u201c \u201c .Tales of the Labrador.* \u201c \u201c .Adrift on an Icepan \u2018 NOTE\u2014 Other titles will be given in a future Record.cc © RO HO NO ouauausosoo- Sooo oa CONSOLIDATION OF SCHOOLS (Mr.Victor E.Morrill, editor and proprietor of the Sherbrooke Record, is a new member of the Protestant Committee who takes a deep and intelligent interest in consolidation.The following article appeared in a recent \u201cnumber of the Sherbrooke Record and contains much matter that is well worth careful study): For a number of years the question of Consolidation of Schools has been before the people of the Eastern Townships.The progress in this line of development of the educational facilities has not been great.Opposition of ratepayers unable to appreciate the advantages which would result have trigged the wheels in almost every case.Consolidation has failed to materialize in many cases owing to dispute regarding location.The opinion is probably more or less general that consolidation of schools in the Townships is bging urged as a solution of conditions peculiar to the Fastern Townships rai Consolidation of Schools rather than as a tried and proven method of improving rural educational facilities in any part of the country.Some one has sent the Record a marked copy of \u201cThe Country Gentleman,\u201d published in Philadelphia, marking an article dealing with school consolidation in\u2019 the thickly populated State of Indiana, Some extracts from this article wll be enlightening and interesting to Eastern Townships readers.The caption of the article is, \u201cThe Heritage of Every Child.\u201d \u201cA farmer was having his hair cut in a barber stop in Indianapolis when the barber asked him where he lived.\u201cI\u2019m from the best county in America,\u201d he answered.A man in the next chair lifted the corner of a hot towel from his face and said: \u201cWhoa there, stranger; you're taking in a lot of territory.\u201d \u201cI know if, but I\u2019m not taking back what I said,\u201d the farmer retorted.\u201cI live in Randolph County, Indiana, the oreatest conselidated school county in ali creation.Say, man, we've got seventeen big consolidated schools right out in the open country, with big gymnasiums and auditoriums.We've got only six one-room schools in the whole county, and we\u2019ll get rid of four of them this winter.All but just a few of our children in the country are carried to and from school in motor trucks, heated in cold weather.We have got nine school orchestras of farm boys and girls out in the country.Every boy and girl in the county that\u2019s big enough, and able, is in school, and ninety-six per cent.of them go through high school.The census lists less than one per cent.of all the people in our country as illiterate.That means that you've got to drag the county with a fine- tooth comb to find one that can\u2019t read and write.That's hard to beat, stranger.\u201d \u201cHave you lived there all your life?\u201d asked the man in the next chair.\u201cNot yet.I've lived there only sixty-one years; was born there, and I never want to live anywhere else.When I'm called to the other world I want to start from Randolph The Educational Record County, where every farm boy and girl gets as good a chance for an education as he or she could get in any city, and where we\u2019re so proud of our schools and roads that we step up and pay our taxes without grumbling about them, and never ask what they cost, just as long as we have the best in the state.\u201d That feeling of pride in its consolidated schools is found all through Randolph County.* * * Superintendent Greist said : \u201cWhen we began to build consolidated schools in this county we were pioneers in that line in the West, and we built too small.So we have had to build large additions to eight of our schools; two have had two separate additions built on, and four more must be added to right away.It is wrong to have to do that, because an addition gives a school a patched-up look; it is never so convenient and the light can never be so good as in a school built all at once and on modern lines.\u201cSo, after all these years of school consolidation in Randolph County, we say to those considering the building of a consolidated school-house: Build it big enough to take care of increasing population for fifty years, and put a big gymnasium in it.You cannot have a successful consolidated school these days without a gymnasium and basket ball and other athletics.Here you see a school spending $10,000 more than the original building cost, practically just to get a gymnasium in it.The pupils demand it, and the school won\u2019t function properly without it.\u201d We drove to Spartanburg, an old village of one hundred people, with a consolidated school built thirteen years ago at a cost of $35,000, without a gymnasium.The boys and girls of the school wanted a gymnasium, but the taxpayers thought it would cost too much.The Christian Church was going to put up a brick church, and it offered to sell its old frame building for $350.The boys and girls of the school popped corn and sold it; they made and sold candy, they served meals on Farmers\u2019 Institute day, they Consolidation of Schools gave entertainments and raised the $350.They bought the church.They had to move it a quarter of a mile to get it on the school grounds.The way was down a hill, across a swamp and up another hill.The church bogged down into the swamp.Boys and girls hauled slabs from a sawmill, built a solid road four feet high, and with rope and windlass and the school janitor\u2019s horse to wind it they pulled the old church out of the mire and up the hill.It cost $700 to move that old church onto the school grounds, and then they widened it out by building a shed to it.They paid for it all with their dinners, pop corn and candy.Now they have a good gymnasium and two basket-ball teams that challenge the country.\u201cThat was a big thing for a school to do,\u201d said Superintendent Greist.\u201cBut the four hundred pupils in this school did a bigger thing two years ago when a cyclone swept through the country three miles south of here and levelled some farm houses.The boys and girls went down there and helped clear away the debris and helped the farmers rebuild.Then they raised $2,500 and gave it to several farmers who had been hardest hit.There is a fine spirit in this school and it is fostered by the athletics.\u201cSo,\u201d continued Superintendent Greist, \u201cwe advise all new school consolidations to put in gymnasiums, \u2018make them large and have plenty of space for the folks to come in and sit and watch the games.We have seventeen schools with large gymnasiums and auditoriums that will seat from 250 to 600 persons.We use the majority of our gymnasiums for auditoriums, too, but after nearly twenty years of experience we advise that the gymnasium and auditorium be built separately, because then the seats in the auditorium can be put in permanently and fastened to the floor.Also, we advise that in building assembly rooms, auditoriums and gymnasiums a combined stage and classroom be built at one end, with a folding screen that can be kept closed when this space is used as a classroom, and The Educational Record opened when it 1s to be used as a stage.We have been building that way recently.\u201d Nine of the rural consolidated schools of Randolph County have orchestras.Mr.Greist told me that no one thing offered by the consolidated schools did so much for community life as those orchestras.\u201cNo school functions at its best unless it is the community center,\u201d he said, \u201cand neither is a community at its best unless all its interests center around the school.The orchestra helps along the community-center idea.The.folks come to the concerts, and through this influence the class of music in the homes has been raised.Interest in church music has been deepened, church orchestras organized and the whole community aroused to an appreciation of good music.The orchestra goes away to play in other schools, in towns and in other counties and comes back loaded with honors, and the whole community is proud of it.So we think every school should have an orchestra.\u201d .In the old days before consolidation, when there were 131 one-room schools in the county, the great majority of pupils dropped out of school when they finished the eighth grade.Only forty per cent.of all pupils entered the high school, and all of them had to leave home to do it.Now ninety-six per cent.of all pupils in the rural schools go through the high school, and need never be away from home a night.In 1915, out of 248 graduates from the eighth grade 231 entered high school.In 1916, out of 242 graduates, 232 entered high school.In 1917, out of 253 graduates, 243 entered high school, making a total of 706 out of 743 who entered high schol in those three years.\u2019 In the past five years 1215 pupils were graduated from the eighth grade in the rural schools of Randolph Ceunty, and 1179 of them entered high school.Just before consolidation only sixty-one students were in high school from all the 131 one-room schools of the county.This vear there are 921 pupils in the rural high schools. Consolidation of Schools 11 In Randolph County the seventh and eighth grades are seated with the high school.Graduates from the eighth grade go right on into high-school work.Francis G.Blair, \u2018state superintendent of schools in Illinois, who investigated the consolidated schools of Randolph County, said of this feature: \u201cThis is as it should be.It offers a richer course of study.\u201d Linnaeus N.Hines recently resigned as state superintendent of public instruction to accept the presidency of the state normal schools in Terre Haute and Muncie.\u201cIndiana has done a great work in rural-school consolidation,\u201d he said.\u201cThirty years ago we had 8853 one- room schools in the state.Now we have 4880, having abandoned 3990.We have 1000 consolidated schools.All but three counties in the state have some school consolidation.We have over 4,000 vehicles transporting 60,000 children to school.Indiana leads all states in school consolidation; Randolph County leads all counties in the United States.\u201cWe must keep on working until there is not a one- room school in Indiana; until every township has a modern consolidated school; until each of those schools is the centre of all the business, social and educational interests of the community.\u201cA sound education should be the heritage of every child.No child should be condemned to illiteracy just because he chanced to be born ona farm.\u201d The Educational Record FOR SCHOOL LIBRARIES.The attention of teachers is called to the fact that the Dominion Department of Agriculture will supply School Libraries with such of its publications as may be useful to teachers and pupils.Below is given a brief list of suitable bulletins and pamphlets.They may be procured on application being made by the Teacher to the Director of Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa, accompanied by the statement that they are desired for the Library.Request letters require no postage.The Potato in Canada, Its Cultivation and Varieties.Bush Fruits.! The Strawberry, Its Cultivation in Canada.Poultry Feeds and Feeding.Sheep Husbandry in Canada.The French-Canadian Horse.Farm Business in Quebec, Care of Cream for Buttermaking.Why and How to Use Milk.Common Garden Insects and Their Control.The Maple Sugar Industry.Seasonable Hints (Published three times a year).List of Publications Available for Distribution.The Progress of Cow Testing in Canada.\"The Use of Coarse Grains for Human Food. Book Notices BOOK NOTICES.An Illustrated History of French Literature.By Ch.M.Des Granges, Professeur de Première au Luycée Charlemagne, Docteurès Lettres.956 pages.Paris: Librairie Hatier, 8 Rue d\u2019Assas.Price $2.85.La Littérature Française au Brevet de Capacité.Notions d\u2019Histoire Littéraire, Morceaux Choisis \u2014Modèles de Lectures Expliquée, Questions d\u2019Examen.Par Ch.-M.Des Granges at Ch.Charrier.508 pages.Paris: Librairie Hatier.Price 80c.Les Grands Ecrivains Français Par Ch.-M.Des Granges.920 pages.Paris: Librairie Hatier.Price $1.00.La Bruyère.Avec Introduction, Notes, Grammaire, Lexique et Illustrations documentaires.Par René Radouant, Docteur ès lettres, Professeur au Lycée Henri IV, et à l'Ecole Normale Supérieure de Fontenay-aux- Roses.742 pages.Paris: Librairie Hatier.Price 65c.Les Classiques Pour Tous.Fach about 60 to 70 pages.La Fontaine: Fables Choisies.Boileau: Epitres.Voltaire: Jeannot et Colin, Contes.A.De Vigny: Chatterton.Balzac: Eugénie de Grandet.Part II.Balzas: Eugénie de Grandet.Part II.Boccace: Le Decameron.Paris: Librairie Hatier.Price, each, 10c.À Concise French Grammar for English-speaking Students.By G.Guibillon, Agrégé de l\u2019Université, Professeur d\u2019Anglais au Lycée de Bordeaux.Paris: Hatier.Price 16c, Dictionnaire Français.Par A.Zed.727 pages.Paris: Libairie Hatier.Price 48c.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais.Par Ch.Cestre.348 pages.Paris: Librairie Hatier.Price 40c.Librairie YR TN rT The Educational Record Dictionnaire Poucet.Par C.Guibillon.767 pages.Paris: Librairie Hatier.Price 18c.The foregoing books we have recently received from the well known publishing house of Hatier, Paris.The prices we have attached to each book are determined on the basis of the present rate of exchange for the franc.The work we have placed first on the list\u2014Des Granges\u2019 Illustrated History of French Literature\u2014is one of exceptional interest.It is published both in a French and an English edition.Some excellent histories of French Literature have been available for years to students of French on this side of the Atlantic\u2014particularly such a work as that of Petit de Julleville\u2014but nothing so complete and admirable as this Des Granges History.Two features of value may be mentioned.The first is that attention is paid throughout to the development of the French language.The oath signed by the sons of Charlemagne in the ninth century is, in fact, a \u201cliterary\u201d document, affording as it does an admirable specimen of the extent to which at that time the growing French language was still but little removed from the Latin spoken by Caesar\u2019s soldiers from the plains of Italy nine hundred years earlier.The other feature of note is that the literature of the different periods is directly related to the historical changes.The influence of social and political de- \u2018velopments, as reflected in contemporary literature, is well brought out.The illustrations are numerous, and are reproductions in many cases of ancient ones.There are also many portraits of modern writers.\u201cLa Littérature Française au Brevet de Capacité\u201d is a good example of a condensed history of literature of defined range for examination purposes.The \u201cBruyère\u201d is complete, and contains many grammatical and philological notes and references.The British Empire: The Model Geography.Eighth edition, revised.96 pages.Price, paper covers, 1\\- cloth, Book Notices 1-3.London : George Philip & Son, Ltd., Montreal: Renouf Publishing Company.Brief and compact geographical facts in regard to all parts of the British Empire.The Nations of the Modern World.By Sir H.J.Mackinder,-M.A.328 pages, illustrated.Price, cloth, 3-6.London : George Philip & Son, Limited.Montreal: Renouf Publishing Company.This is the fifth edition of this well known work, com- \u2018pletely revised.It contains 188 maps and illustrations.Sir Halford Mackinder was lately \u201cReader\u201d in Geography at the University of Oxford and now holds the same position at the University of London.Few men have done so much to make the relationship of Geography and History well understood.This was the chief note in the earlier editions, and in the present edition we regret but one thing and that is that the new countries created by the World War are not included.This is promised in the preface in a new volume.Those who are not acquainted with the book as it is, however, will find it well worth having as a record of modern changes up to the time of the war.The New Citizen.Modern Language Instruction.A New Method of Teaching English to Foreigners.By George Elmore Reaman, M.A.(Toronto), B.Paed (Queens), Ph.D.(Cornell).Y.M.C.A.Educational Director.TORONTO: The Macmillan Company of Canada.Price $1.00.61 pages, paper cover.\u2019 This small book is a discussion of method rather than a description of it.In a preface, Dr.J.T.M.Anderson, the well known educationist of Saskatchewan highly recommends the principles set forth by Mr.Reaman. The Educational Record A General History of Europe.From Origins of Civil- 1zation to the Present Time.By James Harvey Robnison and James Henry Breasted, with the collaboration of Emma Peters Smith.667 pages.With many coloured plates, coloured maps and half-tone illustrations.New York: Ginn and Company.: Another exquisite specimen of book making by this well-known firm.Binding, paper, plates, maps and illustrations are all more than admirable ; they are perfect.Those who have the two-volume History by Professors Robinson and Breasted will all the more appreciate this record of Furopean History from pre-historic times to the present, in a single volume.The authors say in the preface :\u2014 , \u201cThe presentation of a satisfactory review of general history in a single volume becomes increasingly difficult.The older manuals gave scanty attention to anything preceding the Greeks and were well-nigh through their task when they reached the year 1870 But the long narrative of the past has been lengthened out at both ends.Recent discoveries of archaeologists have altered fundamentally our conception of man\u2019s progress and made vivid and real the long, long ages during which civilization was slowly accumulating before it reached the high degree of refinement which we find among the ancient Egyptians.The so-called \u201cpre-historic\u201d period and the story of the ancient Orient are now full of absorbing interest and can no longer be dismissed in a few introductory pages.\u201d For that early period, or rather long series of periods, Professor Breasted is a high authority, having himself been one of the notable workers among the monuments and buried cities of Egypt and the East.The preface goes on to say: \u2014 \u201cOn the other hand our times have assumed a significance which they did not possess for us prior to the year 1914.The shock of finding the world at war and the multitude of perplexing problems which the war has revealed have led us to realize how ill-understood are the Book Notices conditions in modern Europe and in the Orient The story of the World War must therefore be told with some account of its causes and of the questions still awaiting adjustment.Furthermore, it is obviously no longer possible to leave out some accounts of the Far East in an outline of European history, for the war clearly showed how close has become the relationship between all peoples of the earth and how delicate is the problem of international adjustment.\u201d That the greater part of modern European history in the present volume (as in the second of the two volume History) is the work of Professor Robinson of Columbia may be taken for granted.Sound, sane and clear in his judgments on social and political movements and on national and constitutional questions, Professor Robinson is a safe guide.We heartily recommend this book to the general reader, and as one which might well appear in superior school libraries. RPS RABAT 18 The Educational Record FRENCH COURSES The attention of teachers in the Protestant Schools of the Province of \u2018Quebec is hereby directed to the two summer courses in French which will be given in Montreal during the month of July next; one by McGill University for the study of the French language, the other under the control of the Department of Public Instruction for the training of French Specialists.The University Course The McGill school will probably be so organized as to admit pupils who have only an elementary knowledge of French, as well as those who are more advanced.and will confine its efforts to the teaching of the French language.The residential accommodations will not permit of more than seventy or eighty pupils being admitted to this course, but the McGill authorities have been kind enough to say that, up to March 15th, the preference will be given to teachers of the Province of Quebec who may apply.The school will be open from July 3rd to July 31st, and the total cost to the pupil, including room, board and tuition, will be about $100.Women students will board and lodge in the Royal Victoria College ; men students will also live together, although the exact building has not yet been decided upon.To secure the preference indicated above, teachers should apply not later than March 15th, to Dr.J.A.Nicholson, Registrar, McGill University, Montreal, from whom all information may be obtained.The French Specialists\u2019 Course The primary object of this school is to train in methods of teaching the French language to English pupils, though naturally as much attention as time will permit will be FERRARI TTR A RT AR IE = Sr 1 4 aT aaa en ie - Items For The Noon Hour given to improving the pronunciation and fluency.This Course leads to the French Specialists\u2019 Certificate of the Province.Only professionally trained and experienced teachers who can pass a pretty severe test in oral French before entrance will be admitted.As the Department has not the facilities for providing board and lodging, it will give to each of the accepted teachers who takes the full course and who is not a resident of Montreal or its suburbs, a bonus of $35.00 towards paying expenses.No tuition fee will be charged to accepted teachers of this Province.Applications must be made not later than June 1st to the Director, Mr.R.E.Raguin, 53 Sherbrooke St., W., Montreal, with whom applicants must make arrangements as to the date, etc., of the oral examination in French that must be taken before entrance.I have the honour to be, Your obedient servant, .G.W.PARMELEE, | Secretary.ITEMS FOR THE NOON HOUR SELECTED BY INSPECTOR McOUAT Insects have done and are doing a great deal of injury to the forests of Canada.The forest services, federal and provincial, are carrying out protective measures, and the federal department of agriculture has a staff of entomologists who devote all their energies to this work.Many ingenious methods are being devised but the public will be most interested in one thing that stands out in these investigations, namely, that the preservation of bird life is one means of reducing the numbers of forest insects.There may be some birds which do not eat forest insects, but generally speaking it is true that the more birds, the ya 20 The Educational Record fewer insects.Canadian boys and young men in the past have been too prone to go into the woods with a gun and shoot at everything in sight without thinking of the injury they might cause.Canadian forests are fine places for healthful recreation, but let those who go into them pe careful not to burn them up and not to destroy unthinkingly the non-game birds which are forest policemen.Let the young people shoot as much as they like, but with a camera, not a gun.\u2014Exchange SIMPLE TOOLS MAY DO GREAT WORK.One day Opie, the famous painter, was asked how he produced his marvellous colors.\u201cI mix them with brains,\u201d was his answer.Ferguson with a penknife made a wooden clock which for years kept time admirably.A pan of water and two thermometers were all that aided Black in his researches on latent heart.A prism, a lens, and a sheet of paper enabled Newton to resolve sunlight into rays richly diverse in hues.Dr.Wollaston, who carried the investigations of Newton a long stride further, was once called upon by a foreign chemist of mark, who wished to see his laboratory.Wollaston pointed to an old tea tray on his table, \u201cencumbered with a few watch glasses, bits of test paper, a small balance, and a blowpipe.\u201cThat,\u201d said he, \u201cis all my apparatus.\u201d Stothard learned the art of combining colors by a close study of the wings of butterflies.With a burnt stick and a barn door Wilkie began his sketches as an artist.Bewick as a boy covered the walls of his father\u2019s cottage with the outlines of birds and beasts.This was his apprenticeship for work as an engraver, never excelled since his distant day.Benjamin West, a Quaker lad, was poor, but what of that?His cat could furnish from her tail all the brushes he required.Franklin first brought down i?tn Ti AIS mt fas al fa Items For The Noon Hour lightning from the sky to the earth, and how?With no more elaborate agency than a silk handkerchief tied to two cross-sticks from a common kite.À large steel magnet beside a swiftly turned copper disk was all that Faraday needed to build the first dynamo, and unloose electricity as a human resource as important as fire itself.Watt made his first model of a steam engine from an old syringe which had served an anatomist who had long used it to inject arteries before their dissection.Gifford, when a cobbler\u2019s apprentice, worked his first problems in mathematics upon scraps of leather hammered in smoothness for his purpose.Rittenhouse, the astronomer, first calculated eclipses on a plow handle.Ferguson laid himself down in the fields in a blanket at night, and made a map of the stars by means of a thread with beads on it, stretched between his eyes and the sky.The natives of the Congo region in Africa use salt of potassium instead of salt of sodium for seasoning their food.This salt they obtain from the ashes of certain plants and they regard the ordinary imported salt as insipid, buying it only because it is cheaper than the native product.A FEATHERED TYRANT Mr.W.H.Hudson is not only one of the best known living naturalists, but he is also a charming writer and any book by him is sure to be crowded with interest.In his \u201cAdventures Among Birds\u201d he has a vivid picture of the fear inspired in small birds by the sparrow-hawk.It is worth quoting in full.\u201cA still better spectacle is afforded by the fiery- hearted little bird-hunter when, after the harvest, he ranges over the fields, when the village sparrows, mixed with finches of several species are out in the stubble, often 22 The Educational Record in immense congregations covering half a large field from end to end.On such occasions they like to feed near at a distance of three or four seconds\u2019 flight from the thorny shelter.Suddenly the dreaded enemy appears, topping the hedges at its far end, and at the same instant the whole vast gathering, extending the entire length of the field is up in the air, their innumerable, swiftly-fluttering, translucent wings, which produce a loud humming sound, giving them the appearance of a dense silvery brown mist springing up from the earth.In another instant they are safe in the hedge and not a bird is visible.In some instances the hawk is too intent on his prey to hurry on to other fields hoping for better luck next time.No.there are thousands here; he will drive them out and have one! Then, heedless of your presence, he ranges up and down the hedge rising at intervals to a height of thirty or forty feet and pausing to hover a few moments.like a kestrel, he dashes down as if to descend into the hedge to wrest a sparrow from its perch, and when just touching the surface of the thorny tangle the flight is arrested and he skims on a few yards, to mount again and repeat his feint.And at every downward dash a simultaneous cry of terror is uttered by the small birds\u2014a strange sound, that cry of thousands extending the whole length of the hedge, yet like one cry! If you then walk by the hedge-side and peer into it, you will see the small birds crowded together on branchlets and twigs as near the middle of the hedge as they can get, each particular bird perched erect, stiff and motionless, like a little wooden dummy bird refusing to stir even when you stand within arm\u2019s reach of him, For though they fear and fly from the human form, the feeling is overmastered and almost vanishes in their extreme terror of the sharp-winged figure of the little feathered tyrant hovering above them.\u201d ! Items For Fhe Noon Hour AS SHE IS SPELT A stranger in our land was he, He tried to learn our spelling.He thought it would as easy be As buying or as selling.He tried to write but couldn\u2019t quite Learn when to spell it wright or right; He couldn't tell just where he stood When using cood or wood or shood.He had to stand a lot of chaffing When cruel people started laffing.Then other things confused him so; As doe and dough and roe and row, And mail and male and sail and sale And many more that turned him pail.Said he: \u201cI left my wife and daughter In other lands across the waughter.\u201cI wanted much to bring them here, But they will have to stay, I fere, And I must leave you.\u201d With a sigh He added.\u201cElse I'll surely digh.\u201d \u2014The School.HIS CHANCE A pessimist and an optimist were discussing life from their different viewpoints.\u201cI really believe,\u201d said the former, \u201cthat I could make a better world myself.\u201d - \u201cSure,\u201d returned the optimist; \u201cthat\u2019s what we are here for! Now let\u2019s get to work and do it.\u2014Exchange. 24 The Educational Record PUSSY AND THE RIGHT OF WAY We read in Our Dumb Animals recently the following incident which shows unusual kindness of heart which we can but admire.When traffic was at its height on one of New York\u2019s busiest thoroughfares recently, and a long line of trucks on either side, moving continuously, made crossing dan- .gerous for all foot-travelers, a cat emerged from a produce store with a kitten dangling from her mouth, and essayed to cross the street.Each time she started she had to turn back because of truck, and her efforts quickly attracted a crowd.Down from the corner came a policeman.He soon saw what was the matter, and, while there was nothing in the traffic regulations to cover the point, it took him only a moment to decide what to do.Going into the street he raised his hands in the way that truckmen have learned means \u201cStop.\u201d They stopped.The cat, seeing her opportunity, took a firmer hold on the nape of her progeny, and then, holding it high to keep even its curved tail out of the mud, she slowly and deliberately picked her way across.and disappeared in a cellar.BUSY BIRDS A naturalist has reckoned that a pair of tits will devour 2,000 insects in a day, with their young ones they probably account for 4,000,000 insects in a year.One can judge the probability of such a reckoning by the simple expedient of counting the number of times, in a busy feed- ing-hour, a pair of birds returns to a nest with food.The writer has timed many species.One pair of swifts once fed their young ones forty times in an hour, serving over six hundred meals in their day\u2019s work.A gold-crested wren made a good average with thirty-six meals an hour through Io Qu Items For The Noon Hour a sixteen-hour day; the mother bird alone fed her eight youngsters.Two white owls paid twelve visits to their next with mice in twenty minutes.A naturalist photographer found that a pair of wheatears served up moths, flies, bettles and caterpillars to their nestlings at a rate rising to the maximum of sixty times an hour.Such food is handed over alive.THE MAP IN THE FACE You have heard the expression \u201cthe map of Ireland\u201d \u2014or some other country \u201cis on his face.\u201d ~~ Do you realize that you are making a map of your inthost thoughts on your own face every day?Some day you will be surprised when you look in the glass, and you will not discover it until it has become known to your friends and enemies alike.You are careful not to sit on your hat, and not to crease that new overcoat or suit of clothes.Why?Because you want them to look new and fresh and presentable as long as possible But how about your face and the map which your thoughts are stamping upon it with lines that every man can read?CHACANAS Of course you have often heard that the very largest elephant will tremble and roar with fear at sight of the yery tiniest mouse.This is because a mouse very nearly resembles a tiny animal called the chacana.Chacanas like to eat the same kind of wild berries that the elephant feeds on in the wild state.The chacana burrows under ground to make its home, very much as the prairie-dog does.In the jungles elephants often trample over these burrows and the frightened little animals run up into the tubes of 4 26 The Educational Record the elephant\u2019s trunk for safety.There they cling to the flesh very tenaciously with their long sharp claws and cannot be ejected.The elephant invariably dies an agonizing death from the effects of such an attack.VALUABLE MUD The mud dredged from the bottom of San Francisco Bay by the state Harbor Commission is soft sticky, blue- black stuff, and is almost like a paint.It costs the Harbor Commission something like 15 cents per cubic yard to dig and dump this mud into the deep waters of the bay.In the oil industry some good material has been needed to seal oil wells, line oil reservoirs, etc., and it 1s found that this bay mud is suited to this purpose.The mud is taken from the ships and shipped to the oil fields, where it is sold for something like $130 a carload.The demand has exceeded the supply.SOME QUEER THINGS Cayenne pepper doesn\u2019t come from a pepper plant, nor Burgundy pitch from Burgundy.Jerusalem artichokes do not come from Jerugalem, nor turkeys from Turkey.Camel's hair brushes are made from the tail of a squirrel.German silver is not silver, and it was invented in China.Cork legs are not made of cork, neither do they come from Cork, Ireland.Prussian blue does not come from Prussia.Irish stew is not an Irish but an English dish.Cleopatra\u2019s Needle was set up a thousand years before that lady was born.Chamois leather is not the hide of a chamois, but the flesh side of sheepskins.\u2014 Exchange. Items For The Noon Hour.SMART EXCUSE Here is a story of how a juryman outwitted a judge.and that without telling an untruth.He came breathlessly into the court.\u201cOh, your honor, if you can excuse me, pray do.I don\u2019t know which will die first\u2014my wife or my daughter.\u201d \u201cDear me, that\u2019s sad,\u201d said the innocent judge.\u201cCertainly: you are excused.\u201d \u201cThe next day the juryman was met by a friend, who, in a sympathetic voice asked: \u201cHow's your wife?\u201d \u201cShe\u2019s all right, thank you.\u201d \u201cAnd your daughter?\u201d \u201cShe\u2018s all right, too.Why do you ask: P \u201cWhy, yesterday you said you did not know which would die first.\u201d \u201cNor do I.That\u2019s a problem which time alone can solve.\u201d TUNING CHIMES.Right up to modern times church bells were tuned with a hammer, chisel and file, and it proved a costly and tedious task.The magnificent tenor of the fine ring at Redenhall, in Norfolk, England, had had its diameter reduced three- quarters of an inch by such chipping.Today the great bell foundries can guarantee all their bells, irrespective of size, to be absolutely in tune by means of an ingenious machine, which perhaps represents the greatest innovation in the bell world.The device is due .to the discovery of Canon Simpson.The machine is fitted with a revolving cutter, which shaves the metal near the crown of the bell until the bell- tuner, aided by a tuning fork, has attained scientific accuracy.Thus bells are kept in tune today by shaving off the metal as needed. RIT AE 28 The Educational Record SIMPLE Take an orange, stick it all over with cloves, and put into a moderate oven to dry.The process will take about four days, and the cloves will fall into the orange as it dries.Thus the orange will be full of perfume and will keep flies, moths, and other insects at bay.We do not know.Try it to see, if it be true.THIS LADDIE WAS A TRUE MANA big parade was passing through the city streets.There was the usual crowd of spectators elbowing each other for the best places.The small boy of the bootblack and newsboy type was everywhere.He sat on top of hitching-posts, looked from the roofs of buildings, hung half-way up on telegraph poles, clung to the supports of bill-boards.A crowd of these happy little fellows had secured a good place on the shady side of the street.Some had their blacking-kits swung over their shoulders.Along the street came a weary-looking, poorly-dressed woman, pushing a little cripple girl in a wheel-chair.The brass bands were heard in the distance and the children along the line began to shout, \u201cThere it comes!\u201d The woman looked anxiously at the dense ranks of sight-seers, hoping for an opening through which she could push the little chair.No doubt she had walked a long way for the sake of bringing a glimpse of pleasure into the child\u2019s hard life.But the people who saw her trying to get through were selfishly intent on their own enjoyment, and, instead of making room, turned away from her and stood rigidly in their places.Just then one of the boys saw her.\u201cSay, .fellows, there is a little lame girl that can\u2019t get a place.Most likely RR A RE 707 PRIE Items For The Noon Hour + she don\u2019t get many chances to see a parade and we can see all that come to town.Let\u2019s give her our place and we can run farther up the street and get another.\u201d \u201cAll right,\u201d came from half a dozen of the boys.The boy who had spoken pushed through the crowd.\u201cSay, missus,\u201d he said, \u201cyou can have our place out here for the little girl.\u201d With the boys\u2019 help the chair was quickly guided to the place, and the boy with his companions ran away.He was only a ragged little street urchin, but he had the spark of true manhood in his soul.TOO CLEVER BY HALF A young man was walking up and down the platform of a country railway junction, looking for a carriage with a vacant seat.He couldn\u2019t find it, and so, assuming an official air, he walked up to the last carriage and announced in stentorian tones: \u201cAll out here; this car isn\u2019t going.\u201d There were exclamations of annoyance from the occupants of the car, but they all got out with their bags and made their way to cars ahead.The young man smiled as he took possession of a seat and filled another with his luggage.\u201cAh,\u201d he murmured, \u201cit\u2019s a grand thing to be born clever! Now I wish they'd start.\u201d By and by the station master put his head in the doorway.\u201cAre you the young man | who said this car wasn\u2019t going ?\u201d \u201cYes,\u201d said the clever one, smiling.\u201cWell,\u201d said the station master, \u201cit isn\u2019t.The guard heard what you said, and he uncoupled it.He thought you were a diréctor.\u201d\u2014Sel. The Educational Record TWO VISITS (By REBECCA D.MOORE) To visit Aunt Julia is just heaps of fun, We wear our old clothes and we race and we run.\u201cGo try the new swing\u201d, says Aunt Julia, \u201cmy dears, It\u2019s put up so firmly you need have no fears; Since you were here last there\u2019s a lot to be seen, Take a look at my garden, all starting up green.Don\u2019t forget the new chickens out back of the shed, And when you, get hungry there\u2019s fresh gingerbread!\u201d When we go to Aunt Esther\u2019s, we wear our best clothes.We hold up our heads and we turn out our toes; We look at the album with pictures so old, When father was only a baby, we\u2019re told.But when she says, \u201cChildren, here is your treat, For I know you like sweeties and nice things to eat.\u201d James brings in a tray, but\u2014the cakes are so small, We could each eat a tray full and not mind it at all! \u2014Selected.ALWAYS A WINNER The vicar and a parishioner played a round of golf together in which the vicar was very severely dealt with As the two returned to the club-house the vicar was very silent.\u2018 His parishioner clapped him on the shoulder.\u201cCheer up, vicar! You're dead out of form; that\u2019s all that\u2019s the matter with you.\u201d The parson shook his head.\u201cNo,\u201d he said, decisively and sadly, \u201cI shall never be able to beat you.\u201d The layman laughed.\u201cOh, well!\u201d he said, \u201cyou\u2019ll win at the finish, you know.You'll bury me some day.\u201d \u201cBut even then,\u201d said the vicar, refusing to be comforted, \u201cit will be your hole!\u201d Items For The Noon Hour NOT THE ANSWER SHE EXPECTED The teacher was giving a lesson in mental arithmetic and was asking the class all sorts of questions.Johnnie was bored and inattentive.He never did like arithmetic anyway! \u201cNow, Johnny,\u201d said the teacher sternly, \u201cif therc were seven flies on the table, and I killed two, how many would there be left?\u201d \u201cOnly the two you had killed,\u201d said Johnnie quickly.And, after all, he was quite right! BIBLE ALPHABET RIDDLE A was a traitor hung by the hair; B was a folly built high in the air; C was a mountain o\u2019erlooking the sea; D was a nurse, buried under a tree; EF was a first born bad from his youth; F was a ruler who trembled at truth; G was a messenger sent with good words; H was a mother, who loaned to the Lord; I was a name received of the Lord; J was a shepherd in Arabian land; K was a place near the desert of sand; I, was a place near the desert of sand; I, was a pauper begging his bread; M was an idol, an object of dread; N was an architect ages ago; O was a rampart to keep out the foe; P was an isle, whence a saint looked above; Q was a Christian sainted in love; R was obscure, yet a mother of kings; S was a Danite, who did wonderful things; T was a city that had strong hold; U was a country productive of gold; V was a queen whom a king set aside; Z was a place where a man wished to hide. 32 The Educational Record EASILY CLASSIFIED Two English boys, being friends of Darwin, thought one day they would play a joke on him.They caught a butterfly, a grasshopper, a beetle, and a centipede, and out of these creatures they made a strange composite insect.They took the centipede\u2019s body, the butterfly\u2019s wings, the grasshopper\u2019s legs and the beetle\u2019s head and glued them together carefully.Then, with their new bug in a box, they knocked at Darwin\u2019s door, \u201cWe caught this bug in a field,\u201d they said.\u201cCan you tell us what kind of a bug it is, sir?\u201d Darwin looked at the bug and then he lcoked at the boys.He smiled slightly.\u201cDid it hum when you caught it?\u201d he asked.\u201cYes,\u201d they answered, nudging one another.\u201cThen,\u201d said Darwin with a twinkle, \u201cit is a hum- 3> bug.YOUNG MAN\u2019S RECREATION CREED (By A.FOOTBALL STAR) \u201cI will never patronize an entertainment that brutalizes a man or shames a woman.| \"I will always do some part of playing in the open air I will not be merely a lazy spectator of sport; I will taste for myself its zest and thrill.l will avoid over-amusement, as I pray that I may be saved from over-work, I will choose the amusements that my wife can share.I will not spend Sunday in caring for my bodily pleasure so much that I forget my soul and its relation to God\u2019s kingdom.I will not spend on pleasure money that belongs to other aspects of my life.I will remember to enjoy a boy\u2019s sports again when my boy needs me as a chum.\u201d\u2014Young Men.à PRO J RE TE AN A Re LL DOTE RE 0 0 RENONCE back fir aster di tre Items For The Noon Hour WHY CHINESE NOSES ARE FLAT Among the many millions of China there is a practice which seems to have a curious result.The mother carries her infant in a kind of bag or pannier on her back, and not, as in other countries where the dorsal carriage is affected, with the face turned outwards, but, as probably we ought to expect in China, where everything seems to go and come by rule of contraries, with the face turned inwards.The results of that is that the baby\u2019s nose is of necessity pressed against its mother\u2019s back, whence, no doubt, has been evolved in the course of ages the peculiarly flattened of blunted nose characteristic of the Chinaman.DID YOU KNOW A RABBIT COULD FIGHT?A full grown rabbit will give any cat more battle than she bargains for, says Harry B.Bradford in Boys\u2019 Life.In attacking other animals, a carnivorous animal al- : ways goes for the throat\u2014a vital spot, but the.herbivorous rabbit chooses no special spot to strike at a cat, just so it is He drives into and bites it anywhere he strikes.and uses his hind legs and sharp claws to kick all the fur oif his victim in the shortest possible space of time.I have even seen one of my rabbits turn and jump back at a small dog which had been chasing him and inflict a sharp bite on the dog\u2019s nose as he jumped into the astonished animal\u2019s face.cat THE MISPLACED COMMA Caesar entered on his head, his helmet on his feet, sandals in his hands, his trusty sword in his eye, an angry glare. 34 The Educational Record HARD JOBS Boys like.hard jobs, jobs that take time and work.Easy \u201csnaps\u201d are not worth doing.It is not easy.amt To apologize; To face sneer, To begin over, To take advice, To admit error, À To be unselfish, a To be charitable, To be considerate, To avoid mistakes, To endure success, To keep out of the rut, To profit by mistakes, i To forgive and forget, i To think and then act, .1 To make the best of little, i To subdue an unruly temper, id To recognize the silver lining\u2014 i To maintain a high standard, i To shoulder a deserved blame, : : But 1t always pays.i \u2014Witness.i \u201cDON'TS\u201d FOR CHURCH ON SABBATH Don\u2019t stay away because company comes, bring them.Don\u2019t let the Sabbath paper keep you; we have something better.Don\u2019t stay away because it rains.That would not keep you from business.Don\u2019t stay away because you won't be missed in the crowd.God misses you.Don\u2019t stay away because it isn\u2019t your denomination: the same excuse would keep you, out of heaven.SP -an Items For The Noon Hour Don\u2019t stay away because you have no influence; the ~ church-goer preaches a sermon as long as the way thither.Don\u2019t stay away because you know more than the preacher; God may have something to say to you worth hearing.Don\u2019t stay away because the church does not need you; never did the church need more and better men and women.Don\u2019t stay away because the church is imperfect; should you find and join the perfect church, its perfection would cease.Don\u2019t stay away because you do not need the church; \u2019tisn\u2019t so.If you must look at the earth six days, take one to examine the clouds.\u2014Ex.MOTHER'S HELPERS Mother had a headache and had gone upstairs to lie down.The children were in the sitting room talking it over.\u201cI am so sorry for mother,\u2019 \u201cSo am I,\u201d said Teddy.\u201cHow sorry are you?\u2019 asked David.\u201cI am so sorry for her that I am going to fill the wood \u2019 sighed Marjory.\\ box as full as it will hold, and get a lot of kindling, and start the fire for supper.I think that will make her feel better.\u201d \u201cOh,\u201d said Marjorie, \u201cnow I see what you mean.| am so sorry that I am going to ask her to let me get supper.I can make toast and tea, and scrambled eggs.\u201d \u201cI'll help set the table and wipe the dishes,\u201d said Teddy.\u201cI don\u2019t think that folks are really sorry for one\u201d, said David, \u201cunless they are willing to help.\u201d\u2014Young People\u2019s Guide.| The Educational Record FLYING FISH (By C.A.DAVID) Does it not seem funny that a little fish that had lived all its life in the water should ever take it into its head to leave the water and sail through the air like a bird?Well, funny as it seems, there is a little fish that does that very thing.He never grows longer than about eight inches, and he looks very much like the shiner that lives in the little country streams, only he has two long fins that spring out of his body just back of the gills.In the water these fins are of no use, and the fish wears them folded like a shut up fan.It is not thought that these fish fly just for the fun of the thing, but that they leave the water only to escape from bigger fish that are trying to catch them.The tail is very long and strong and furnishes the swimming power; but the instant they spring out of water it quits moving, and the two long fins spread out and begin quivering like the wings of a humming bird, forcing the fish through the air at a great rate.After flying a hundred yards or so the fins seem to get weak, and the flight becomes slower and slower, until the tail drops down and touches the water, when it gives a powerful flip, and up in the air goes the fish again, its flying fins flashing in the sunlight like so many diamonds.By repeating this it can keep up its flight for a long distance before it is obliged to return to the water.Anything that frightens it suddenly is apt to send it sailing through the air.Sometimes a \u2018ship plowing through a school of these little fish causes them to fly up in front and scatter in all directions, like grasshoppers in a wheat field.They live in the open sea, generally some distance from land, and are never met with singly, but always in large numbers and swimming close together.\u2014Christian Observer.= F3 CE ; I Items For The Noon Hour Patient Parent: \u201cWell, child, what on earth\u2019s the matter now.\u201d Young Hopeful (who has been bathing with his bigger brother): \u201cWillie dropped the towel in the water and he\u2019s dried me wetter than I was before.\u201d A SQUARE, HONEST, MANLY BOY.\u201cMother, I've never asked Billy Dobson out here to spend a Saturday.\u201cWhat sort of a boy is he?\u201d \u201cWell, he seems to be a good-hearted chap, but he looks neglected and I know he wants to come the worst 35 way.\u201cCertainly dear; bring him out if his mother is willing.\u201d \u201cHis mother is dead,\u201d said John soberly, as he thought what that would mean to him.Saturday morning the boys were raking the leaves in the yard when they broke the rake, and John\u2019s mother said they could go to the store and get another.John phoned to the store, and was told that the rake would cost thirty-five cents.His mother didn\u2019t have the change, so she gave him a dollar.When they got to the store the man found that he had made a mistake and the price of the rake was twenty-five cents instead of thirty-five cents.\u201cWhat are you going to do with that other ten cents\u201d?asked Billy.\u201cTake it home.What did you think\u201d?\u201cI wouldn't; you bet I wouldn't.Your mother thinks the rake cost thirty-five cents, and she wouldn\u2019t care, and besides, she won't ask anything about it.\u201d John laughed in order to keep from saying anything rude to Billy and then turned to go home.\u201cAw come on, kid; I want some candy.\u201d The Educational Record John kept on his way.Then Billy tried a new game.He went up to the storekeeper and said : \u201cGive me ten cents worth of stick candy.\u201d The storekeeper gave it to him, and when Billy got the bag he stuck a piece of the candy into his mouth at once and said: John\u2019s got the money to pay for it.\u201d John looked up and heard what Billy had said and saw what he had done.He knew that if he asked his mother for ten cents she would gladly give it to him, and he alse knew that she would not ask about it anyway.Then he remembered that, no matter how kind his mother might be about the matter, the money he carried was not his own, so he said to the merchant: | \u201cI am sorry Billy ordered the candy, for I have no money of my own with me; but if you will charge it to me, I will pay you out of my next week's allowance.\u201d Billy was listening and thinking, and when they were safely outside of the store, he said: \u201cJohn, I'm ashamed of myself, and T\u2019ll bring you that money to school on Monday.\u201d Billy wanted to be as trustworthy as John was, and that is one way that a friend can help a friend.\u2014Boys and Girls.» HOW LONG DO BIRDS LIVE?Just how long our common birds live is one of the things that is not yet definitely known.It is one of the interesting things our girls and boys may some day be able to tell us if they watch carefully and live long.W.C.Henderson, Acting Chief of Biological Bureau in the United States-is able to give the ages to which some birds have lived.While this, in many cases is probably greater Reports of Inspectors 39 than the normal life of the species, it is extremely interesting.The following are the figures given: Thrush, 15 to 25 years; swallow, 9; canary, 20; cardinal, 21; raven, 69; magpie, 21; large owls, 68; golden cagle, 46; white pelican, 41; cormorant, 23; large blue heron, 60; swan, 102; mallard, 29; other, ducks, 11 to 23; oyster-catcher, 30; herring gull, 44; and wandering albatross, 46 years.\u2014 Witness.REPORT OF INSPECTOR GILMAN Cowansville, 30th July, 1921.Sir,\u2014 I have the honor to submit my annual report comprising: 1st The statistical summary of the whole district, 2nd General remarks on the progress of the schools; 3rd The classification of the municipalities under control; 4th Report of the Indian Schools under my inspection.: SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 1920-21 1.\u2014Number of School Municipalities: (a) Under Control of Commissioners (b) Under Control of Trustees 2\u2014Number of Schools: .(a) Elementary (e) Non-subsidized Ind.Institutions Indian Schools.® 3.\u2014Number of Teachers: (a) Male Teachers (b) Female Teachers IR The Educational Record 4.\u2014Average Salaries: Pa (a) Male Teachers in Elementary Schools (b) Female Teachers in Elementary Schools 5.\u2014Number of Children of School Age: (a) Boys, 5 to years, 211; Girls, 5 to 7 years 205 (b) Boys, 7 to 14 years, 944; Girls, 7 to 14 years, 915 (c) Boys, 14 to 16 years, 49; Girls, 14 to 16 years, 29] (d) Boys, 16 to 18 years, 9; Girls, 16 to 18 years 1 6.\u2014Number of Pupils enrolled: (a) In the Elementary Schools (b) In Non-subsidized Ind.Institutions Indian Schools 7.\u2014Average Attendance: (in percentage) (a) In the Elementary Schools (e) In Non-subsidized Ind.Institutions Indian Schools 8.\u2014 Classification of Pupils: Years of Course.i Grade Grade Grade Grade N Grade 3 LC Grade : In Grade ; To Grade +r A Ji I hi ) a) 0e aie hy Le Hel is due Ra \"58 ci RU {hi hs i 8 = eal Attendance.\u2014The enrollment during the year has been n about the same as on the previous year except in the municipalities of Montreal South, St.Hubert and Springfi¢ld Park, Pine- hurst, etc., where the attendance is nearly doubled., The Staff.\u2014Very little difficulty has been experienced in securing qualified teachers at a salary of fram $500.co 35.0, per annum, where the salary offered was less, few applicati \u201cns werc received.Quite a number of unqualified persons offered their services for less.nm Reports of Inspectors \u201c The 115 teachers engaged during the year, were qualified 2s follows, viz: : 52 E.Macdonald College; 3 M.Macdonald Collegé ; 1 M.Scottish Ed.Board & C.B.: 3 FE.McGill, N.S.; 4 M.McGill, N.S.; 8 E.Port C.Board; 1 B.A.& Mod.Phil.College; 2 Acad.Valleyfield, R.C.,, N.S.; 6 Mod.Valleyfield, R.C., N.S.; 4 E.Valleyfield, R.C., N.S.; 10 Rev.Sisters with certificates of different degrees; 21 Were unqualified, I am sorry to say.Classification.\u2014According to regulation, I have made the following classification of the municipalities: Excellent \u2014Howick, St.Malachie d\u2019Ormstown, Beau- harnois, Godmanchester, Hinchinbrooke, Elgin, Laprairie, Greentield Park, and Caughnawaga village schools.Good.\u2014Montreal South, Dundee, Hemmingford, St.Jean Chrysostome, Chambly Canton, St.Regis Village, St.Hubert, Pinehurst and East Greenfield, Chateauguay Basin and Delson.Medium.\u2014Lacolle, Havelock, Franklin, St.Thomas, St.George, Ste.Justine, St.Telesphore, St.Luke, St.Margaret de Blairfindie, St.Louis.Unsatisfactory.\u2014The remaining municipalities for different Teasons.Bonuses.\u2014Bonuses for successful teaching are recommended for the following teachers: i 42 The Educational Record - NAME | Senet | Municipality Miss Jessie Potton .No.4 Elgin \u201c Evelyn Willlams .\u201c1 Elgin \u201c Margaret Smyth .\u201c1 Dundee.\u201c Lillie Dunn .ui iin nnn.\u201c2 St.-Chrysostome \u201c Sara Cullen .cca.\u201c1 Saint-Louis \u201c Janet Gavin .\u201c 10 Godmanchester \u201c Pearl Anderson 1411244122 \u201c3 Howick \u201c Christina Lang .ceven.\u201c 2 Howick \u201c Daisy McGlatchie .\u201c8 Hinchinbrooke \u201c Lillie Ida Creig .cv.\u201c5 Saint-Malachie Mrs.Mary McKay .20004 0022 a aa a ee \u201c4 Hemmingford Miss Leila Wislett .204201 01404402 \u201c2 Howick és Olive Graham .0 ou.\u201c8 Saint-Malachie \u201c Ruperta Hall .0un.[EEE Junction Delson \u201c Charlotte Goodfellow .\u201c1 Godmanchester \u201c EB.C.Wokinshow .\u201c4 Dundee Physical Culture \u2014Strathcona Physical Culture Prizes were recommended for the following teachers: NAME | Ward Municipality Miss Janet Gavin .cin, No.10 Godmanchester.\u201c Evelyn Williams .40000 000000 \u201c 1 Elgin.\u201c Mary Pringle .cian.\u201c6 5 Godmanchester.\u2018 Pearl Anderson .4.00000000 \u201c 8 Hinchinbrooke.Municipality Bonuses are recommended for Delson Jct., St.Margaret de Blairfindie, t.Malachie, Dundee, St.Bernard.Summary.\u2014Of the 115 teachers employed, 86 were Normal School graduates.8 were otherwise qualified, viz by Lachute School of Pedagogy, or by experience in the rural schools, and the remaining 21 were unqualified.Progress.\u2014The teachers have done very good work during the year and progress in all the .branches is being made French is being taught in all the schools except those not under aT a St St L Th Img; fist Ver, ml die nd u- R I H der Reports of Inspectors control, viz.: the Indian Schools in which only English is taught.One continuation school is being conducted at Caugh- nawaga, stenography and typewriting are taught by the Sisters.Salaries.\u2014The salaries have increased during the year from $450.to $500.on the average for qualified teachers.Some teachers received from $650.to $750.and one elementary teacher received $1,000.for ten months.Consolidation is not making much progress in my district of inspection.One new school was opened at St.Bernard during the year.Conferences were held as usual, in the month of September, practically all of the teachers attended one or more of the meetings.Educational Campaign meetings were held under the direction of the Protestant Committee at Huntingdon and Howick.~ Both meetings were poorly attended by men.This report, together with the summary of Statistics, bul- ~ letins and special reports previously forwarded to your department, is respectfully submitted.I have the honor, etc., A.LUTHER GILMAN, Inspector.REPORT OF INSPECTOR HONEYMAN.Ottawa, July 27th, 1921.Sir, \u2014 I have the honor to submit my annual report comprising: I.The statistical summary of my inspection district; IT.General remarks on the working of the Educational Act in the same district; III.The classification of municipalities by order of merit. The Educational Record SUMMARY OF STATISTICS 1920\u201421 1.\u2014Number of School Municipalities: (a) Under Control of Commissioners (b) Under Control of Trustees 2.\u2014Number of Schools: (a) Elementary 3.~Number of Teachers: (a) Male Teachers (b) Female Teachers 4,\u2014Average Salaries: (a) Male Teachers in Elementary Schools (b) Female Teachers in Elementary Schools 5.\u2014Number of Children of School Age: (a) Boys, 5 to 7 yr.s, 268; Girls, 5 to 7 yrs., 285 (b) Boys, 7 to 14 yrs., 1105; Girls, 7 to 14 yrs., 1001 (c) Boys, 14 to 16 yrs., 275; Girls, 14 to 16 yrs., 214 (d) Boys, 16 to 18 yrs., 158; Girls, 16 to 18 yrs., 155 6.\u2014Number of Pupils enrolled: (a) In the Elementary Schools 7.\u2014Average Attendance: (in percentage) (a) In the Elementary Schools 8.\u2014Classification of Pupils: In Grade 1 In Grade 2 In Grade 3 In Grade 4 In Grade 5 In Grade 6 In Grade 7 In Grade 8 ye Reports of Inspectors GENERAL REMARKS, Attendance.\u2014Altogether there were one hundred and fifteen schools in operation in this district during the year.A few ol these were in session only a few weeks due to the fact that the School Boards were not able to secure teachers.No.1, Robinson & Pope (Mont Laurier), was open a very short time last autumn, and No.2 of that municipality was open only about three weeks this spring.The teachers could not remain longer.Your inspector was not able to visit these schools.No.1 of St.Valerie de Ponsonby was not open.The Board had great trouble in getting a teacher, then sickness broke out in the municipality and so much time was lost that the Board did not deem it wise to open the school for the small number of pupils who could attend.The independent school at Fassett was again open, and .Mr.Gabriel Breeze, the teacher, had a larger number of pupils than usual.The average daily attendance shows an improvement.There is\u2019 still room for improvement.The average attendance is altogether too low in our country schools.Parents cannot realize the great loss that their children suffer through irregular attendance.At the time of my second visit the attendance was as follows: Number of Protestant Boys Number of Roman Catholic Boys Number of Protestant Girls The average daily attendance was nearly 66 per cent.The average for the boys was higher than it was for the girls.There were in these schools 200 French pupils studying English and 328 English pupils studying French. The Educational Record Staff.\u2014There were 115 schools in operation, taught by 116 teachers whose qualifications are indicated as follows: Model Diplomas Elementary Diplomas Rural Elementary Diplomas Clergyman No Diplomas / I believe that this district, comprising the three large counties of Labelle, Hull and Pontiac, supplied three students in the Teachers Training Course at Macdonald College this year.This is about what happens every year.How absurd it is then to expect to get.qualified teachers.Put an advertisement in the papers for teachers and expect Heaven to shower them upon this district.The scheme is not working.Heaven helps those who help themselves, so if this district wants qualified teachers it must furnish the material for them.: For pupils, it means passing at least Grade IX, then a short course of four months at Macdonald College.Salaries.\u2014The school boards are making strong efforts to increase the salaries.A teacher with a diploma will have no trouble in getting a salary of $600.a year, and this is equivalent to, perhaps, $900.in Montreal.There are municipalities which are not able to pay this amount.Nearly all boards have increased their rate I regret very much that the government grants have rather decreased than increased.The annual salaries, to the nearest twenty-five doliars, paid in this district were as follows: | lo Bs s sw [ss |s|s [ss] Salaries 0|550|525/500|450|425 400 8801825 200 275|250|225/200|1 | | Number of ! Schools 7 1 |15/15; 3) 9 |11/ 7 7 1/17 | | fit que of th fall a Reports of Inspectors 47 Length of term.This varies from a few weeks to the usual term of ten months.Seventy-six schools were open for the full ten months.Wherever the term was very short, it was due to trouble in getting or retaining teachers.Several schools in this district are very difficult to reach, and it is always a serious problem to get girls to teach in them.Rate of Taxation.\u2014Most municipalities have raised their rate.Many are paying twice as much as they did formerly.At one time the valuation bore little resemblance to the real value of the property but that practice is changing, so that the assessed value does now give us a fair estimate of local effort in most cases.- We find the valuation ranging from $3.50 on the $100 down to .35 cents.People realize that they must pay more in order to keep their schools running.If competent qualified teachers could be secured, the people would not complain.Bonuses for Teachers.\u2014The teachers whose names follow are recommended for bonuses for successful teaching during the year: Teachers.Municipality District Alice Fulford