The educational record of the province of Quebec, 1 avril 1920, Avril - Juin

[" The Educational «+ Record «= of the Province of Quebec April, May & June 1920.EDITORIAL NOTES: IMPERIAL UNION OF TEACHERS.IT] Second Conference of the Imperial Union of Teachers organized by the League of the Empire Hung Several years ago is to be held at Toronto in the Summer of 1921.In preparation of this Conference a meeting will be held in London, about the middle of July this year (1920).Teachers who may be visiting England are invited to attend.The Agenda and arrangements for the Conference in Toronto are to be considered and a series of visits of historical and educational interests in London and the neighborhood will be arranged during the latter part of July.The address of the League of the Empire is 48 Catherine St., Buckingham Gate, Westminster, London, S.W.I.NOTE TO TEACHERS\u2014To interest the senior pupils and provide them with profitable reading a few pages of interesting selections and original items will appear in each issue of the RECORD.Please call the pupils\u2019 attention to these pages and ask them to read such parts as they prefer.\u2014 Editors. 92 The Educational Record THE WINNIPEG CONFERENCE In another part of this number of the Educational Record we print the official report of the Resolutions which were adopted at the remarkable National Conference on Character Education held at Winnipeg last October.The gathering was called, not by the educational authorities of Canada, but by a group of business men in the different cities of the Dominion, and these business men met the whole expense incurred by it.Their contributions, indeed, exceeded the actual requirements of the Conference by some thousands of dollars, and this surplus is being devoted to the carrying on of some of the proposals which resulted from the discussions.There were about fifteen hundred delegates at Winnipeg, every province being represented.The attendance at the meetings was very large; at some of them as many as three and four thousand people.No better proof is needed of the fact that there is an earnest and general desire for the improvement of educational conditions throughout our whole country than the splendid response which was made to this invitation of the business men of the cities, and it is not less significant that in extending the invitation, and providing the means for the Conference, the business men acted wholly upon their own initiative.The Winnipeg Resolutions deserve careful study and consideration.They were the result of long and free discussion by men and women well qualified to speak of con: ditions existing in the several provinces, and a fine spirit of broad Canadianism undoubtedly pervaded the Conference.A good proof of this is afforded by the resolution regarding a Bureau of Education.At the outset of the discussion on this question practically the whole Conference was in favor of the idea of a Bureau to be established by, and to be under the control of, the Dominion Government, When, however, Dr.Parmelee explained the point of view long held in the Province of Quebec on this question, as involving The Winnipeg Conference 93 future possibilities of federal encroachment upon the complete responsibility of the provinces in the matter of education, the resolution was changed to its present form! namely :\u2014 \u201c\u201cT'hat for purposes of educational investigation and as \u201ca clearing house for educational data, a National Bureau \u201cbe established under the direction of the National Council \u201cof the Conference, and that such Bureau be maintained \u201cby voluntary support and such financial assistance as may \u201cbe given by Provincial and Dominion Governments with- \u201cout any restrictions as to policy.\u201d Our opinion is that a Bureau thus established by mutual co-operation is far more likely to gather and correlate the essential educational statistics of the different provinces in a suitable and instructive form than would a Bureau under federal control.Much has been said in recent years, by supporters of the idea of a Federal Bureau of Education, of the useful work done by the Washington Bureau of Education, and no one acquainted with the publications of that Bureau can question the fact that it has been a great instrument of educational progress in the United States.But after all, this usefulness is pretty well confined to its studies and reports upon educational matters in the United States, where its experts are wholly at home in the educational systems of the various states of the Union.The reports of the Bureau on other parts of the world are much less satisfactory.Even quite recently some of its reports upon different provinces of Canada have been manifestly inaccurate.We have found this to be due (at least so far as reports on this Province are concerned) to mis-interpretation of facts and figures arising from differences in systems and terminology.It is certain, indeed, that the systems of education in various states of the United States differ far less from one another, in machinery and terminology, than do, say, the Provinces of Eastern Canada from the Provinces of Western Canada.There are, as a matter of fact, striking dif- The Educational Record ferences in the Provinces of Eastern Canada aloné.Thus in Quebec a Model School is an intermediate school between an Elementary and a High School; in Ontario a Model School is a teacher-training institution.It is frequently the case that an Ontario writer interprets the Quebec statistics in regard to Model Schools as if they were the same as those of Ontario.In Nova Scotia a \u201cboard of commissioners\u201d is a board having supervision over a considerable number of local school boards.In Ontario every school board is a \u201cboard of trustees.\u201d In Quebec the board of commissioners represents the local religious majority, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant, and the board of trustées the local religious minority.In Ontario there is a board of trustees for each school in a township; in Quebec all the schools of a township are under one board, unless there 1s \u201cdissent,\u201d in which case there is, of course, a board of a commissioners and a board of trustees.In Quebec, pupils enter the Intermediate or Model Schools and the Academy or High Schools at the first grade; in the other provinces the High Schools are entered only after the pupil has completed the course in the public school, that 1s, after the eighth grade.These and other differences and distirctions which might be cited make it certain that the correlation of our Canadian statistics 1n any form that will be readily inter- pretable and of service throughout the Dominion can only be accomplished by some kind of organization from the several provinces, acting for the distinct purpose of classifying, tabulating and reporting the educational statistics, and we are of the opinion that this mutual action can be obtained best by means of an independent Bureau organized by the National Council.All the resolutions of the Conference are of high and practical importance, and should be studied by all who are interested in education.They are given among the \u201cSelections\u201d of this number of the Educational Record.The delegates clearly recognized the principle that progress in Notices of Motion the matter of Character Education\u2014the building up of moral ideals and principles\u2014must depend very largely, after all, upon the status of the teaching profession in general, and the recommendations of the Conference in this respect will undoubtedly carry great weight throughout the Dominion, NOTICES OF MOTION.Suggested changes: On behalf of the Committee on Salaries and Shortage of Teachers of the Protestant Association of Protestant Teachers of Quebec, I shall move at their next Annual Convention the following motions, to amend the Constitution and By-laws, seconded by Miss Hazel I.Murchison, B.A.CONSTITUTION.Section 3.Par.3.Membership.That this paragraph be deleted.It reads as follows: \u201cPersons not holding diplomas but desirous of becoming members of the Association may be registered as Associate Members upon the payment of the regular fee.\u201d Section 9.Committees for Special Purposes.It now reads \u201cCommittees for special purposes may be appointed at Convention on nomination of the President or otherwise.determined by Convention.The President shall be ex- officio a member of each Committee of Convention with the exception of the Nominating Committee.\u201d This to be deleted and to read as follows: Clause A.\u2014A special committee of fifteen members known as the Committee on Salaries and Status of Teachers shall be appointed by the retiring President at Convention in such a way that not fewer than one-half of its members shall be re-appointed to office, Clause B.\u2014A special committee of fifteen members known as the Committee on Text-Books and Course of Bs BE Ri RL \u2018or 3 BC ET gi k 96 The Educational Record Study shall be appointed by the retiring President at Convention in such a way that not fewer than one-half of its members shall be re-appointed to office.Clause C.\u2014Committees for other purposes may be appointed at Convention on nomination of the President or otherwise.The services of each Committee shall terminate with the acceptance of its report unless otherwise determined by Convention.Clause D.\u2014All committees of Convention shall report to Executive at each meeting as well as to Convention.Clause E.\u2014The President shall be ex-officio a member of each committee of Convention with the exception of the Nominating Committee.BY-LAWS, Section 1.Sub-Section 2.Registration and Membership.Clause A.\u2014It now reads \u201cAll the members of the Provincial Association shall register their names and addresses at each Convention in the manner provided by the Executive Committee, and associate members shall thereupon pay the annual fee\u201d.This to be revised to read as follows: \u201cAll ordinary members of the Provincial Association shall register their names and addresses in the manner provided by the Executive Committee and shall pay to the Treasurer the prescribed annual fee.\u201d Clause B.\u2014To delete words \u201cEach associate member shall receive a certificate of membership only.\u201d Clause C.\u2014To delete words \u201cand associates.\u201d Sub-Section 3.Clause A.\u2014To substitute for words \u201cEach ordinary member has to pay his fee at each Annual Convention\u201d These words \u201cFach ordinary member who is registered at Convention and whose fees are fully paid.\u201d Notices of Motion 97 Sub-Section 5.Meetings and Powers of Executive.Clause A.\u2014Insert after words \u201cwhen deemed desirable\u201d these words \u201cshall have power to summon a local conference in any particular part of the Province.\u201d Sub-Section 4.Travelling Expenses at Committec Meetings.Clause B.\u2014To insert after words \u201ceach year\u201d these words \u201cunless otherwise ordered by the Executive.\u201d This makes Clause B read as follows: \u201cMembers of the committees of Convention and members of the sub-com- mittees of the Executive when attending a meeting of their respective committees or sub-committees shall be entitled to the reimbursement of their necessary travelling expenses provided, however, that this By-law shall apply in the case of ong meeting only each year otherwise ordered by Executive and on a detailed statement being submitted by the Convener.For the Committee on Salaries and Shortage of Teachers.W.ALLEN WALSH, Convener.HAZEL I.MURCHISON, Secretary.N.B.\u2014Section 9.Section B.\u2014Where reference is made to Committee on Text-Books and Course of Study.moved by Mr.Chas.McBurney, Convener of this Committee, seconded by Mr.W.A.Walsh.20 LA 4 Bi 98 The Educational Record BOOK NOTICES Physics\u2014By- Tower, Smith, Turton and Cope.492 pages.With 7 plates and 448 other illustrations.Price $1.35 net.Philadelphia: P.Blakiston\u2019s Son & Co., 1012 Walnut St.The first three authors of this book are the heads of departments of physics at Englewood School, Chicago; Hyde Park High School, Chicago, and Bowen High School, Chicago respectively.The fourth is Assistant Professor of Physics at the University of Pennsylvania.The size of the book indicates that it is comprehensive, affording indeed a course as complete as could be undertaken in the best equipped city High School.But it is Physics proper throughout, dealing with molecular forces and motions, the mechanics of liquids and gases, force and motion, work and energy, heat, magnetism, electricity, sound and light, in due order with clearness and precision.The excellence of a text book like this emphasizes the principle urged by the Protestant Committee that science subjects like physics and chemistry should be undertaken only in such high schools as are fully equipped with the necessary apparatus and which have the trained teacher of the subject.This principle also makes it essential that the high schools not thus equipped should aim towards all the greater thoroughness in the science subject chosen, whether Botany or Physical Geography.The authors of this text book say in the Preface: \u201cThe recommendations and conclusions reached by the \u201cNew Movement in the Teaching of Physics\u201d have been incorporated into the book as a whole.These conclusions indicate that the most efficient teaching in physics involves a departure from the quantitative, mathematical methods of presentation that were in general use a dozen or more years ago, toward a method better adapted to the capabilities, interests, and requirements of the young people in our physics classes.\u201d coco mutant a ace are WAR A GE oo CR LAN Book Notices The Canadian Girl at Work.By Marjory MacMurchy.152 pages.Toronto: The King\u2019s Printer.This is a practical book with a practical aim, namely, \u201cto assist girls in finding satisfactory employment.\u201d It is a logical statement of the conditions surrounding the various occupations which young women enter today, and apparently based upon a scientific as well as sympathetic study of those conditions.The work of nursing, of journalism, of art, of designing, of house decorating and furnishing, of teaching, of domestic science, of music, of acting, of the librarian, of banking, law, medicine, dentistry, pharmacy, chemical industry, civil service, social work, dressmaking, telephoning\u2014such are some of the many occupations upon which practical information is given, and this partial list in itself indicates the wide range of occupations open to women today as compared with even a quarter of a century ago.Saleswomen, stenographers, typists are, of course, also included.The book concludes with some practical chapters on money and wages, spending, saving, investing, health, a girl\u2019s reading, civic duties and responsibilities, etc.Miss MacMurchy has covered the ground in an instructive and valuable way, and her book might well be added to the school library.General Methods of Teaching in Elementary Schools.By Samuel Chester Parker, Professor of Educational Methods in the University of Chicago.332 pages.Ginn & Co, Fifth Avenue, New York.Prepared for use in normal schools, kindergarten training schools, and teachers\u2019 reading circles, and adapted to the work in the kindergarten and grades I to VI of elementary school, this book is an interesting and suggestive summary of many fundamental problems of the elementary school.It is illustrated throughout.The titles of the chapters indicate the ground covered: I.Introduction to Artistic 100 The Educational Record Teaching, II.Broadening Purposes of Flementary School Teaching, III.Economy in Class Management, IV.Selecting Subject Matter (Social and Relative Values; Scientific Basis), V.Organizing Subject Matter, VI.How Children Learn: By Their Own Responses, VII.Building on Pupils\u2019 Past Experiences, VIII.Putting Pupils in a Favourable Frame of Mind, IX.Interests: The Basis of Economy in Learning, X.Drill and Practice, XI.Adapting Class Instruction to Differences in Capacity.The Book of School Games.By C.E.Hodges, M.A.With illustrations and diagrams.98 pages.Price 4s.6d.net.Evans Brothers Limited, Montague House, Russell Square, London, W.C.I.This is another of the Kingsway series of books for teachers.The school game is much more developed in England than with us.This is a book of directions for the principal games, and may be obtained through the Renouf Publishing Company, Montreal.John Bright.By Bertram Pickard.53 pages.A Plain Friend.By Annie Matheson.(With Foreword by Lady Betty Balfour).54 pages.These two books belong to a new series of simple biographies called the Rose and Dragon Books.\u201d The price \u2018of each is 2s.6d.net, and the publishers are British Peer- iodicals, Limited, 15 and 16 Gough Square, London, E.C.4.The Plain Friend, or Quaker, is Elizabeth Fry, and the adjective \u201cplain\u201d refers to the fact that she had joined the strict Friends or Quakers.The Rose and Dragon series is explained as follows: \u201cDragons stands for all forms of difficulty to be overcome.Killers of the Dragon may be Saints and Heroes, but also pioneers of Science, and Social Reformers\u2014break- ers down of ancient prejudice and custom which hamper Book Notices \u2019 101 the growth and development of wholesome, vital forces.Rose stands\u2014not for Destruction of Evil, but for the building up of things beautiful and fragrant, the inspiration which will cause the apparently deadest of rods to blossom.\u201d | The School Hymn Book Contains 150 hymns.Price stout paper cover 9d.net, limp cloth 1s.net, cloth boards Is.6d.net.London, England, Evans Brothers.The Education of a Nation.By E.P.Hughes, Member of the Glamorgan (Wales) Educational Committee.64 pages.Paper cover.Price 25 cents.Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada.Miss Hughes has had a wide and long experience in the study of Education\u2014fifty years of observation and study in all forms from the infant school to the university, not only in the British Isles but in other countries east and west.Her pamphlet is practically an eloquent statement of the lines along which that reconstruction called for by the conditions of the times should proceed.A few sentences on the eighth page are of special interest in view of the positive views on the language question often urged in Canada.Miss Hughes says: \u201cIt is all-important to try to discover what is the force which welds men into nations, so that a national education might still further develop and strengthen the national feeling.It is certainly not merely living in the same portion of the globe which makes a nation, although, unless there are disintegrating forces, this may tend in the long centuries to produce a kind of union.A common language does not necessarily make a nation.Belgium with its two 102 The Educational Record languages, and Switzerland with three, prove that one common language is not absolutely essential, although it certainly tends to be a strong unifying force.When a particular race has evolved a language of its own, that language must embody much of the history of thought of that race, and consequently has considerable educative and unifying power.We wish to emphasize the fact that it is possible to have two or more languages within a strongly developed nation, and also that something more fundamental than a common language is necessary to create a nation.\u201d We commend this clear and broad statement to those who imagine that the one solution of things Canadian is the adoption of \u201cnational schools\u201d\u2014wholly English- speaking.Infant Primer.32 pages.Infant Reader I.64 pages.Infant Reader II.90 pages.These belong to Bell\u2019s Imperial Readers, published in London by G.Bell & Sons.The series is, we think, well- known to the older teachers of the Province.Scouting Thrills.By Captain G.B.McKean, V.C, M.C., M.M., Toronto: Humphrey Milford.A capital Canadian war book.Should be in the school library for the boys.\u201cEurope After the Great War.\u201d This is a map, printed in five colors, together with six additional smaller maps of the new countries of Europe, to replace the maps in atlases on hand before the war.The price is 4d.net, or 4s.4d.per dozen.London: Evans Brothers. Book Notices 103 The War in a Nutshell, or The Shortest History of the Great War.By G.H.Hallam, formerly Fellow of St.John\u2019s College, Cambridge, and Assistant Master in Harrow School.12 pages (small print).Price 10 cents.Toronto: The Macmillan Company of Canada.Treasure Trove in Gaspe and the Baie des Chaleurs.By Mrs.Margaret Grant MacWhirter.3rd edition.Price $3.00.Mrs.MacWhirter is a retired Protestant teacher of the Gaspe Coast, who did excellent work in the schools in that progressive part of the Province.Bonaventure and Gaspe counties together form one of our best assets; not merely in its industrial possibilities and present development, but also in the fact that a noble population, English and French, inhabits that beautiful district.Chaleur Bay, which is the proper English translation of \u201cBaie de Chaleurs,\u201d has long been appreciated by many people in the western part of the Province, and it would undoubtedly be visited by many more if a good boat service from Montreal and Quebec, like that which we had before the War, could be re-established, although the summer service by train has been considerably improved of late.Visitors to the Coast will do well to provide themselves with Mrs.MacWhirter\u2019s book, in order to learn something of the history of the district and of the many points of interest to be found there.The author has gathered much material, and has the advantage of being long acquainted with the territory.It may be purchased at Chapman\u2019s Book Store, Peel Street, Montreal, or from Mrs.MacWhirter, Box 49, New Richmond Station, Que.| Xi NA La i 104 The Educational Record RESOLUTIONS: Adopted by NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHARACTER EDUCATION In Relation to CANADIAN CITIZENSHIP October 20, 21, 22, 1919 WINNIPEG PERSONNEL OF NATIONAL COUNCIL BRITISH COLUMBIA Principal W.H.Vance H.Charlesworth, Esq.W.H.Leckie, Esq.Mrs.R.C.Boyle John Sully, Esq.ALBERTA Mrs.L.C.McKinney, M.I.A.'W.G.Carpenter, Esq.H.W.Wood, Esq.J.T.J.Collisson, Esq.Alex.Ross, M.L.A.Dr.A.M.Scott SASKATCHEWAN Dr.J.A.Snell C.M.Hamilton, M.L.A.Jas.F.Bryant, Esq.Miss Jean Browne J.A.Maharg, Esq.Dr.J.T.M.Anderson MANITOBA W.J.Bulman, Esq.Dr.D.McIntyre Prof.W.F.Osborne Rev.E.Leslie Pidgeon Mrs.R.F.McWilliams William Iverach, Esq. oe tinder Cannabis Choris aa ant \" pi a mt desac Resolutions at Winnipeg Conference 105 ONTARIO Hon.Dr.Cody Sir Robert Falconer Sir John Eaton Prof.H.T.J.Coleman Tom Moore, Esq.Dr.Helen MacMurchy W.H.Sedgwick, Esq.QUEBEC Hon.Athanase David Hon.Cyrille Delage Howard Murray, Esq.Dr.G.W.Parmelee William Birks, Esq.Prof.Carrie M.Derick Sir George Garneau NOVA SCOTIA Dr.Soloan Mrs.Sexton Chas.J.Burchell, Esq.Rev.Dr.J.J.Tompkins John T.Joy, Esq.NEW BRUNSWICK Rt.Rev.Bishop Richardson Inspector Peacock Ex-Governor Josiah Wood Mrs.James F.Robertson PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND Dr.McLellan Dr.S.E.Robertson J.O.Hyndman, Esq.Miss Carrie Ellen Holman The National Conference on Character Education in Relation to Canadian Citizenship was held in Winnipeg, October 20th, 21st and 22nd, 1919.This gathering was the culmination of a campaign inaugurated by a group of citizens of Winnipeg some two and a half years ago, and participated in by interested groups in all parts of Canada.The extent of the interest aroused may be inferred from the fact that fifteen hundred and four accredited delegates attended the Conference and took part in the proceedings.The popular attendance at several of the sessions ran as high as five thousand and at no session were there fewer than two thousand persons present.The formal programme included at least thirty speak- 4 5 106 The Educational Record \u2018 ers.Among these were: One from Great Britain, Mr.Peter Wright; four from the United States: President Suz- zallo of Seattle, Dr.Soares of Chicago, Dr.Milton Fair- child of Washington, President Finley of Albany, New York.The remainder of the thirty speakers were Canad- ans, eminent in their respective fields of scholarship or other activity.Six of the nine provinces of Canada were represented by the chief administrative officers of their Departments of Education.The presiding officers of the various sessions included the Lieutenant-Governor of Manitoba, the Chief Justice of the Court of the King\u2019s Bench of Manitoba, the Primate of Canada and the Premier of Saskatchewan.As an outcome of the Conference a Council of fifty members, to carry on the work done by the Conference, was appointed.Copies of the various resolutions are given herein.The proceedings of the Conference will be printed and made available for the use of the delegates.A limited number of copies will also be available for purchase by others than delegates who may be interested.The funds for carrying on the campaign and holding the Conference were obtained by popular subscription mainly through the interest of the Rotary Clubs throughout the Dominion.NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL CONFERENCE © RESOLUTIONS Education Progress\u2014 THAT the whole question of the best methods of carrying out the purposes of the Conference be referred to the National Council for their fullest consideration and such action as they deem wise to take.Said action to be reported upon to the next meeting of the Conference.THAT for purposes of \u2018educational investigation and as a clearing house for educational data, a NATIONAL BUREAU be established under the direction of the Na- ns utitontan) Resolutions at Winnipeg Conference 107 tional Council of the Conference, and that such Bureau be maintained by voluntary support and such financial assistance as may be given by Provincial and Dominion Governments without any restrictions as to policy.Character Education\u2014T HAT this Conference puts itself on record as recognizing the necessity for the deepening and strengthening of the moral and spiritual factors in our National Education, alike in the School, the Church and the Home, and instructs the newly appointed National Council to make a consideration of the problem here involved a first charge upon its deliberations.THAT this Conference recognizing that development of child morality is largely achieved through the objective side of his nature, expresses its hearty approval of all those auxiliary agencies, such as the Boys\u2019 Brigade, The Boy Scouts, The Cadet Corps, the Canadian Standard Efficiency Training, and the Canadian Girls in Training, the Girl Guides and the Little Mothers\u2019 League, which aid in developing among children of school age physical fitness and the spirit of service and citizenship in the community.BELIEVING that the moral education of the youth of our country must depend on the development of sound physical bodies, the Conference desires to express its conviction that every possible means should be taken for safeguarding and promoting the health of the children in all parts of the country.To this end we believe that a complete system of medical and dental inspection uncer competent doctors and nurses should be organized in every Province for both rural and urban schools; also that provision should be made for the adequate and specific training of all teachers in the principles of hygiene, particularly applied to the conditions of school life.THAT inasmuch as the prevailing emphasis on competitive methods in industry and commerce has tended to a weakening of the sense of solidarity among the citizens ME CE 5528020 HI I, Sait le ls 108 The Educational Record of Canada, and the perversion of motive resulting from undue regard to the rewards of work as compared with interest in the service rendered, this Conference recominends that all our schools promote by every reasonable means the spirit and practice of co-operative effort both in team- games and in class work.THAT this Conference expresses its conviction that provision should be made for free and compulsory education up to the age of 16 years and part-time education for all the youth of Canada up to the age of eighteen.WHEREAS on account of the waste of the recent war and the demands of the present task of reconstruction the conservation of the youth of our country is of such vital importance; Resolved that this National Conference on Character Education expresses its conviction that provision for state aid should be made for parents who would otherwise be forced Jirough economic necessity to take their children away from school during the compulsory period; AND further, in the opinion of this Conference, there should be Factory Acts or other legal enactments rigidly enforced in every Province prohibiting the employment of children under the age of compulsory school attendance.THAT inasmuch as education cannot fulfil its proper function without the playgrounds and equipment suitable for the development of organized play, this Conference calls the attention of our Canadian School authorities to the fact that many of our school grounds are inadequate to this purpose.THAT this Conference having regard to the fact that Canada is largely an agricultural country, expresses its conviction that it is in the best interests of the whole country that a high type of rural schools be developed; AND THAT as a means to this end continuation work in rural schools be encouraged and every inducement be offered to Resolutions at Winnipeg Conference 109 rural pupils to attend these schools until such time as attendance to the age of 16 years be made compulsory.WHEREAS the effect of the Moving Picture on school children is incalculably powerful for good or evil, and whereas much of what is now offered as entertainment is based upon suggestions that tend to familiarize the minds of children with situations that are sensational and frequently immoral and vulgar ; THEREFORE be it resolved that this Conference direct attention to the vital necessity of developing an active public opinion, demonstrated by attendance at theatres, for the support of good pictures\u2014which can only be hoped for when it becomes good business to exhibit such pictures; and also for the strengthening of the hands of the various boards of censorship in their efforvs to raise the standard of the Moving Picture industry; and that every effort be made to secure films depicting Canadian and British life and sentiment.WHEREAS it has been conclusively shown that posters and advertisements of a suggestive and immoral nature are used to attract attendance to performances and moving pictures otherwise comparatively harmless; be it resolved that this Conference urge a strict censorship of posters and advertisements.The Teaching Profession.\u2014THIS Conference records its opinion that to obtain the highest educational results for our people the community must provide enlarged opportunity for the education and training of teachers, raise the standard of education for admission to the teaching profession, taking measures at the same time to attract men and women of special gifts for this high service by raising the social status of the teachers and providing a scale of remuneration so liberal as to free them from economic anxiety. 110 The Educational Record THAT having regard to the principal of fair and open discussion as a fundamental principle of democracy, the Conference urges upon all bodies in whom is vested the control of educational affairs the necessity of dealing in a frank and public manner with cases involving the reduction in rank or dismissal of teachers or instructors under their control.Canadianization.\u2014 THAT this Conference recommend to the Federal Government the adoption of a distinctive Canadian flag.THAT with a view to establishing a more general appreciation of the dignity and responsibilities of Canadian Citizenship the Conference recommends that under the auspices of the National Government an appropriate function be held in each community preferably on Dominion Day in each year for the Public reception into citizenship of those who have met all the conditions of naturalization.THAT to the end that both English and French speaking Canadians may not continue to lack interpreters of the good will of each to the other, the study of both English and French should be encouraged in all Canadian Universities.WHEREAS under the Canadian constitution the administration of Public education is assigned to the Provinces; AND WHEREAS in pursuance of policies approved by the Parliament of this Dominion and carried into effect by Federal Governments, great bodies of immigrants unfamiliar with Canadian and British institutions and ideals have been settled in various parts of Canada; AND WHEREAS the initiation of these new Canadians into efficient Canadian citizenship is a National problem of vital concern to all Canada; OO es nut A tat orn CoB \u2014 Sr naa St HEARS Ln Lt Youth at the Helm 111 AND WHEREAS the solution of the problem through the maintenance of the propaganda essential to the adequate support of this great National enterprise, through the provision of such special equipment as the work demands and through supplying teachers who are expert settlement workers willing to make their home in these immigrant settlements for prolonged periods calls for a financial support difficult if not impossible for Provincial revenues, unaided, adequately to support; THEREFORE be it resolved that it is the duty of the Federal Government to assume without avoidable delay its fair share in the financial burden incidental to the Canad- ianizing of an immigrant population by providing suitable special Dominion grants to be expended and administered by the Provincial Government concerned.YOUTH AT THE HELM.(By ROBERT J.FINCH, F.R.G.S.) Five hundred years ago the world consisted of the lands around the Mediterranean, and the hazy fringes of Europe, Asia, and Northern Africa that stretched beyond into the unknown.Today there are few spots on the globe that have not borne the footprint of the explorer, and only in the Antarctic vastness of solitary ice 1s there any considerable stretch of land that has not been more or less accurately mapped.What has wrought the change?What magic is it that in the short space of half a thousand years has added a new world to the old and left no corner of the earth whereon the map-maker of today can write the once-familiar legend, \u201cLerra Incognita\u201d?The Spirit of Youth.It is the unconquerable Spirit of Youth.Youth, with its splendid vision, its indomitable cour- 112 The Educational Record age, its high ideals, its questing eagerness, and its abiding faith in achievement, has been at the helm of every ship that has set forth on a voyage of discovery, and it is the Spirit of Youth that has animated every man who has ventured into the unknown, risking all to add yet another Terra Cognita to the map of the world.Here one may pause and say, \u201cBut surely some, if not most, of the great world-explorers were past their first youth when they made their greatest discoveries.Columbus was past middle age when he made his first great voyage to the Americas; so was da Gama when he made his memorable voyage to India.Cook was over forty when he discovered New Zealand, and so was Drake when he circumnavigated the globe.These surely are not the achievements of youth, but the success of ripe experience!\u201d It 1s true that in all these cases, and in many others, time had carried these world-discoveries past their years of youth.But time had not robbed them of their youthful spirit and courage, of their clear-eyed vision and their high ideals.They were still young, pursuing the dreams of their youth to realization.Such men never grow old.Age and experience breed caution; the Spirit of Youth is brave, even to rashness.Prudence makes no world-discovery.A man must risk all to gain all, and to youth the realization of its ideals is the one great thing in the world.Age has no hope but for rest from toil; to Youth, Hope beckons ever to new achievements.Age is satisfied with success; but to Youth success brings ever higher and greater ambitions.It is to the undying Spirit of Youth that we owe those great world-discoveries which have provided the most wonderful episodes in the epic of human endeavor.When the World Grew Young Again.The greatest world-discoveries in history were made in that wonderful age known to us now as the Renaissance.Diaz, da Gama, Columbus, Magellan, Cabral, the Cabots, Frobisher, Gilbert, Raleigh, Drake, and a score of other Youth at the Helm 113 famous world-venturers were the product of the Renaissance.\u201cRenaissance\u201d means \u2018\u201cre-birth.\u201d The age of the Renaissance was the time when the world sloughed off the slumbrous ease of contented Age and was renewed in the strenuous spirit of adventurous Youth.It was the time when the world grew young.The Renaissance, in its broadest sense, was a re-awakening of the mind of Europe to the clear vision and ideals of Youth; and it had the effect of revolutionising the whole scheme of life which had contented the greybeards of the Middle Ages.It shattered the ascetic ideals which kept man ever imprisoned within the cowl of the monk, blinding him to the joy of life and the beauty of the world.It taught him that the world was good to live in\u2014that there were great things to be done, and higher ideals to pursue.Columbus drank in the magic of the sea as a boy, when lie sat by the wharves of Genoa and watched the ships coming in from the great world over the skyline.As a young man he sought the company of the first navigators in Furope at Lisbon, and set up as his highest ideal the finding of a new way to the Far East by sailing Westwards.His ideal he kept ever before him, and though time relent- fessly loaded him with years, and opportunity ever disappointed him, he preserved the Spirit of Youth, which alone gave him the indomitable courage to achieve the fulfilment of his boyish visions.It mattered not that Columbus never lived to know the full significance of his great voyage, What did matter was that Columbus\u2019 dreams came true; and they became true because the Spirit of Youth guided the helm of his ship in that great venture across the Sea of Darkness.Raleigh.Raleigh\u2014discoverer and world-venturer, as well as gentleman, courtier, and scholar\u2014was another of thosz 114 The Educational Record great ones whose unquenchable fire of youth led them ever in pursuit of their 1ideals.Raleigh\u2019s destiny was plain when as a boy he sat listening, wide-eyed and entranced, to the stories of men of Devon who had sailed the Spanish Main\u2014of men who told of surf-beaten isles burning beneath tropical sunsets, of El Dorado and the City of Gold, of the great free life upon the windy seas, and of the staggering galleons of Spain, deep-loaded with gold and silver bars from the mines of Mexico and Peru.Raleigh and men of his type, such as lived in the Devon of his day; could not rest satisfied with life in the narrow bounds of the homeland, no matter what ease and advantage it promised them.They early felt the call of the sea, and never rested until they, too, were in full chase of their youthful ambitions.It was Raleigh, with Sir Richard Grenville and William Sanderson, who discovered and named Virginia, when he was not yet thirty years of age.It was his great ambition to plant a colony there, and nine years after he took out a little company to settle in the new land.The colony never prospered, in spite of repeated attempts to make it a success; but Raleigh\u2019s endeavours paved the way for the successful colonization of 1607, and the foundation of the mid-Atlantic States of America.Raleigh\u2019s quest of El Dorado in the later years of his life was his last and greatest attempt to realize an ambition which had been his ever since he sat by the waterside, with hands clasping his knees, and listening eagerly to the stories of mariners from the Spanish Main.Raleigh never found his El Dorado, but he bequeathed priceless legacies to the world as the results of his fruitless quest.All that Raleigh did would have been impossible to a man who had lost the enthusiasm and vision of his youth.Those of us who realize this can understand the longing and regret which Longfellow expresses in \u201cLost Youth\u201d :\u2014 Youth at the Helm \u201cI remember the black wharves and the slips And the sea tides tossing free; And the Spanish sailors with bearded lips, And the beauty and mystery of the ships, And the magic of the sea.And the voice of that wayward song Is singing and saying still: \u2018A boy\u2019s will is the wind\u2019s will, And the thoughts of youth are long long thoughts.'\u201d It is the sorrowful cry of a man who knows that he has become old.Vision and Courage.The enthusiasm and hope of youth gave inspiration to these of old time, who sailed bravely the paths that led beyond the sunset into wide oceans never ploughed before by keels.They are the inspiration of those who today brave peril and hunger and thirst in the fields of exploration, where now remain but few prizes for the winning.The Spirit of Youth impelled Cook to undertake long and difficult voyages in little-known seas; it supported Livingstone in his wanderings by unknown tracks across the Dark Continent\u2014ever confident in his ultimate success; it inspired every one of those heroes who sought the North-West Passage among the frozen seas of North America, or braved the perils of the ancient ice in their quest of the Poles.All these men dreamed dreams, and saw visions\u2014the dreams and visions of youth, which only the courage and faith of youth could ever bring to the fulfilment and realitv.They never grew old because they never lost sight of their ideals, never lost hope, never feared, and never doubted of their success.\u201cHope went before them, and the world was wide.\u201d \u2014London Teacher's World. yale 3 ; a i ig uv 5 Le I i y ' EE NR 116 The Educational Record THE GEOGRAPHICAL ASSOCIATION.Central Offices: 1 Marine Terrace, Aberystwyth, Wales.President, 1920: SIR CHARLES P.LUCAS, K.C.M.G., K.C.B.Chairman of Council: SIR H.J.MACKINDER, M.A.,, M.P.Hon.Treasurer: E.F.ELTON, Wellington College, Berks., England.Hon.Librarian: H.O, BECKIT, School of Geography, 40 Broad Street, Oxford.Hon.Secretary and Editor: H.J.FLEURE, University College of Wales, Aberystwyth.Associate Editor: P.M.ROXBY, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool.Clerk: MISS R.M.FLEMING, 1 Marine Terrace, Aberystwyth.The Geographical Association tries to help teachers and citizens to appreciate the life of peopies in all regions of the world, and to study the physical setting of that life in past and present.It hopes by these means to contribute to the strengthening of education, and to build a much needed bridge between the literary and historical and the natural science groups of studies.It welcomes the help of and suggestions from all persons interested in geography whatever their point of view, and it invites the support especially of directors of education, inspectors, members of Universities, public, and other secondary schools and elementary teachers.Especially does the Association wish to increase mutual knowledge among all the Members of the British Commonwealth and associated lands, for such knowledge cannot fail to promote closer co-operation among the varied lands and peoples associated with the Commonwealth.The Association owes its inception to a group of masters in English Public Schools and to the late Prof.Herb- ertson, who was its Honorary Secretary until his death.It now numbers nearly 3,000 members from all parts of the world in which the English language is used.The annual subscription is Five shillings, and is payable on the First of January in each year to the Clerk at the \u2014- _ me _\u2014 The Geographical Association above address.Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable to the Association, and should be crossed Lloyd\u2019s Bank, Aberystwyth.Members receive the \u201cGeographical Teacher\u201d three times per annum, and get notice of the Association\u2019s Meeting, and of any publications which it may issue from time to time.They also enjoy some other privileges, details of which will be obtained by subscribers.The Association has branches in all parts of Great Britain, and there is an affiliated Irish Geographical Association with a similar subscription.The Members of the Irish Association receive the \u201cGeographical Teacher\u201d free in the same way as our own members.We should be glad to help similarly affiliated associations in all parts of the world, Besides publishing the Magazine and other matter, the Association helps teachers and students by correspondence.consultations, meetings, exhibitions, summer courses, and organizes exchange systems as regards material and personnel between teachers of geography in various countries; and urges governments and other bodies to develop and encourage geographical education on the lines above indicated.C.P.LUCAS, President.Your kind consideration of the above is invited.Extra copies will be sent for distribution to teachers and others.Any reply, any suggestions for formation of affiliated or branch associations, or any correspondence with reference to the above should be addressed to the Clerk, Geographical Association, 1 Marine Terrace, Aberystwyth, Wales. The Educational Record IDLE PITY GIVING WAY TO PRACTICAL EFFORT ON BEHALF OF CANADA'S SIX THOUSAND BLIND.You have doubtless been interested in what you have read or heard regarding the progress of a national effort on behalf of the blind of Canada.Do you realize just what this effort means?Here are some of the things that are being done: Industrial training and employment is being provided for the blind in centres established in Halifax, Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancouver.Useful handicrafts and the reading and writing of embossed characters are taught in the homes of those blind people who for various reasons are unable to take training at one of the regular centres.The product of the home-workers is bought and sold.Personal contact is established with recently-blinded persons, and with cases which are sometimes so old that they become new in a very real sense.This work is done by an experienced Field Agent.Books, magazines, and music in embossed types are circulated free to the blind of Canada.The monthly average circulation of books, etc., 1s close to eight hundred.The Institute also arranges for the transcription of music for any of its members at cost-price.An active publicity propaganda dealing with various dangers to which the eye is subject 1s carried on, and this is followed up with personal work, looking to the larger co-operation of medical men and nurses, employers of labor, Boards of Education, etc., in the vital matter of preventing blindness.A residence and training-centre, \u201cPearson Hall,\u201d has been provided where blind soldiers may find congenial conditions while taking vocational instruction.In this connec- Items for the Teacher tion it may be interesting to know that the Institute has \u2019 entered into an agreement with the Department of Soldiers\u2019 Civil Re-Establishment, under which the Institute has established an after care department for Canadian Soldiers blinded in the war.There are other things, but they may all be summed up by saying that the Institute endeavors in every practical way to advance the interests of the blind and to ameliorate the conditions under which they live.Will you aid in supplying the most vital need of this work Then mail your cheque to the CANADIAN NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND, 36 King St.East, Toronto, Ont.ITEMS FOR THE TEACHER (By J.W.McOUAT) These are intended to be of value to the teacher in her class work and as an extra bit of information at any time.THE JORDAN QUARANTINED \u201cNo more baptisms in the River Jordan,\u201d say health authorities in Palestine.Bathing in the consecrated stream, famous in sacred history, has been forbidden as a result of the discovery by American physicians that its waters carry dangerous disease germs.One of the first steps taken by the American Red Cross in the relief work in that region was an analysis of the river water.It was found laden with the germs of skin diseases and other contagious maladies.Because of the sacred traditions connected with bathing in the Jordan, restrictions have never been placed on The Educational Record the practice.At certain seasons of the year, thousands of natives journey great distances to bathe in the river, believing that they will receive spiritual uplift and be made pure.\u2018The ban on unrestricted bathing probably will continue until the epidemic of typhus in eastern countries is checked.\u2014Classmate.THE CONDOR The largest bird of prey is the Condor.It is a native of the great mountain chain of the Andes and lives in a region of almost perpetual snow.There it may be seen soaring high in the air, its keen eyes intently scanning the ground beneath it.And the odd thing is that it may fly to and fro for hours, rising and falling and sweeping round in great circles, and yet never once flapping its wings.Condors live for the most part on Ilamas which have died a natural death, or which have been killed by pumas and only partly devoured.But two or three of them will unite together, when they are hungry, in order to kill sheep or cattle, and even a powerful bull has been known to fall a victim to their combined attack.These birds roost in trees on the lower ground during a part of the year, but retire in the breeding season to the most inaccessible parts of the mountains.They build no nests, but lay in November and December two large eggs on the naked rocks with nothing to protect them.The young remain several months in the breeding place and are attended by their mothers for at least a year.\u2014\u201cJunior Eagle,\u201d Brooklyn.TYPEWRITER FOR THE BLIND Blind persons write letters to each other on a simple little machine called a \u201ctypewriter,\u201d although it does not Items for the Teacher 121 write type.The blind man\u2019s alphabet is made up of raised dots which can be read with the tip of the finger.The different letters are distinguished by grouping the dots in various combinations, This machine has only six keys, each of which punches a dot in the paper, and the keys are pressed down in combinations of two or more.\u2014 American Boy.MIDDLE NAMES In England middle names were once illegal.English statutes of other days were most definite as to the naming of children, as will be seen from Coke, who states that *\u2018a man cannot have two names of baptism.\u201d \u201cIt is requisite,\u201d states the old English law, \u201cthat the person be named by the name of his baptism and his surname and that special Lieed be taken to the name of baptism.\u201d Persons of royal extraction in England have always been allowed to possess more than one given name, but, it 1s said, so late as the year 1600 there were but four persons in all the kingdoms who possessed two given names.Even one hundred and fifty years ago double names were very uncommon.\u2014Classmate.SHOW HIM YOUR HANDS bishop Woodcock, of Kentucky, tells a touching story about a little heroine whom he knew.She was left motherless at the age of eight.Her father was poor, and there were four children younger than she.She tried to care for them all and for the home.To do it all, she had to be up very early in the morning and to work very late at night.No wonder that at the age of thirteen her strength was all exhausted.As she lay dying a neighbor talked with her.The Hd nul LI The Educational Record little face was troubled.\u201cIt isn\u2019t that I\u2019m afraid to die,\u201d she said, \u201cfor I am not.But I\u2019m so ashamed.\u201d \u2018Ashamed of what?\u201d the neighbor asked in surprise.\u201cWhy, it\u2019s this way,\u201d she explained; \u201cyou know how it\u2019s been with us since mama died.I've been so busy, I've never done anything for Jesus, and when I get to heaven and meet him, I shall be so ashamed! Oh, what can I tell him?\u201d With difficulty the neighbor kept back her sobs.Taking the little calloused, work scarred hands in her own, she answered, \u201cI wouldn't tell him anything, dear.Just show him your hands.\u201d\u2014The Young Pilgrim.THE UNKNOWN WRITER A stranger who called at the office of the Century Magazine in the early days when Richard Watson Gilder was an assistant editor asked the clerk if any stories were wanted.He was roughlooking, Mr, William Webster Ellsworth says in the Bookman, and he had just come cfi an emigrant ship.When the boy told him that anything he cared to leave would be handed to the editors, he turned and went out.The Century had lost Robert Louis Stevenson.Years afterwards, when it had won him back, Stevenson told Gilder of his call, and, looking at him sharply from head to foot, said, \u201cI don\u2019t know but it was you I saw.Yes, 1 think it was, now that I look at you.\u201d Gilder was not the man, though he was properly frightened by Stevenson\u2019s well-feigned recognition.He proved an alibi, for he was in Furope at the time; but he said afterwards that he would have made the same answer to Stevenson that the clerk made.BIBLE STUDY IS ESSENTIAL If we want to live more than ordinary spiritual lives as spiritual lives as Christian men, it is necessary that we be Items for the Teacher 123 great feeders upon the Word of God, which is not only quick, but powerful.De Quincey divided all literature into the literature of knowledge and the literature of power; this is pre-eminently the literature of power.\u201cIf ye abide in Me, and My words ab\u2019le in you, ye shall ask what ye will, and it shall be done unto you.\u201d And still further, we might make this additional statement; that without spiritual Bible study other spiritual helps may often lead us into danger, and ultimately they may be abandoned.Take the matter of meditation; without the Bible, meditation may lead a man to morbid introspection.Secret prayer is not a dialogue.\u2014John R.Mott.SPIDER SILK From time to time the ingenuity of the scientists has been exercised with a view to devising a substitute for the silkworm\u2019s product, to find another insect that will produce something very similar, at a lower cost.It is an old idea that the spider might be employed in this way.The problem has ever been how to obtain a sufficient quantity of the spider thread and how to wind it without breaking or tangling.A Frenchman named Cachot harnessed a spider to a machine of his own invention.The machine contained tiny bobbins that revolved constantly.The thread was wound as the spider spun it, not after it had been made.The end of the web, which was attached to the body of the spider, was caught and fastened firmly to a bobbin.Then the machine was gently put in motion.The spider, finding that his web, reeled away, apparently of its own volition, naturally pulled in the opposite direction to get away.But, it is said, Cachot found to his great delight that the spider did not pull with sufficient force to break the thread, but actually seemed to enjoy the process, maintaining just en- GE HE didi at Jo 8 124 The Educational Record ough tension to keep the web in continual motion.Many spiders were tried in this way, and at last a sufficient quantity of their product, was obtained to be woven into a fabric.This, it is alleged, was superior to natural silk in tenuity, elasticity, and tenacity.But dresses of spider web are still beyond the reach of any save the very rich.A species of Madagascar spider is the only one that supplies the right sort of thread.Size for size, this spider\u2019s thread is tougher than bar iron.The Frenchman who conducted these interesting experiments states that another advantage of the spider as a producer of silk is that, having been emptied of its web, it can be fed and petted back to condition, when it will submit to another reeling without showing ill effects.\u2014 Queen\u2019s Gardens, A.\u2014The salt beds of South Western Ontario are the present source of supply.Northern Manitoba and the Mackenzie basin also have salt deposits and in 1916 a bed of rock salt was opened at Malagash, Nova Scotia.In 1917 imports valued at $1,088,205 slightly exceeded the home products.FOR THE OLDER BOYS Liquor men tell us that one man has as much right to drink a glass of whiskey as another has to drink a cup of tea.But you never heard of one man killing another while he was under the influence of tea.And this fact does have something to do with the question of what he has a right to drink.The fact is, there is no such thing as an absolute individual right to do anything, or to eat, or drink any particular thing, if, by so doing, you come into conflict with the rights of other people.You may exercise your \u201cpersonal liberty\u201d only in so Items for the Teacher 125 far as you do not place additional burdens upon your neighbors or upon the state.Some Illustrations.You are not permitted to spend your wages as you please if you have a family to support\u2014you must first provide for your family, otherwise the state would be compelled to care for them.You are not permitted to smoke in your own factory\u2014 in many states\u2014because by setting fire to your own plant, you may burn down your neighbor\u2019s plant.You are not permitted to keep your back yard or your kitchen or your cellar in a bad sanitary condition; because by so doing you endanger the life and health of your neighbors.You are not permitted to keep your children out of school, because these children also belong to the State, and it is the wish of the State to make them good citizens, so it has insisted upon compulsory education.You are not permitted to use habit-forming drugs, because, among other reasons, if you do so, you may make yourself a burden to the State\u2014you may compel your neighbors to support public institutions to care for you while you live, and probably bury you when you die.NOT TO BE ENVIED Idleness is one of the greatest enemies of character.As some one has said: \u201cThe Devil tempts other men, but irle men tempt the Devil.\u201d Do not envy the idle man, whoever you may envy.You may have too much to do and too many things to think about; still, do not envy the man who has not enough to think about and has to fall back upon himself.The passions of human nature break loose in idle men and wander over forbidden places seeking what they can devour.\u2014Dr.James Stalker. The Educational Record NARROW INTERESTS One of the ships engaged in Gallipoli was a huge Atlantic transport with first-class accommodation.A war correspondent was shown into a cabin fitted up with every luxury and comfort, The following morning, on his way to his saloon for breakfast, he saw an ancient steward busily engaged in carefully removing the dust from the carpets with a vacuum cleaner.Through the open portholes beside him could be seen the action going on ashore\u2014the bursting shells, the enemy replying, our own infantry advancing to the attack.One of the most momentous events in the history of the Empire at that time was taking place; but as for forty years that old steward had cleaned the gaudy carpets at the head of the stairs at that hour, so he continued doing so, without paying any regard to what was going on.\u201cThe war outside was no affair of this man; and, like all the other stewards on board, he took not the smallest interest in it.\u2019 Many people are like that steward, absorbed in their narrow interests, their selfish habits, their petty ambitions, while eternal issues are being fought out between the forces of good and evil.\u2014Selected.ee ig REC SEAS SL FRIENDSHIP The truest principle in the world is that \u201che who would have friends must show himself friendly.\u201d He does not need to ask for friendship.All he needs to do is to give it and it will come back to him.He may not have a gift for boisterous good fellowship.He may not drink or play cards or golf on Sunday, or do any one of a number of things which are often made the basis for intimacy and cordiality of human relationships.Surely a very noble and secure basis! But he is not therefore debarred from the strongest friendship.He will find his friendship relied upon in times of need when the friendships built on sand are forgotten\u2014\u201cS.S.Times.\u201d 4 i.IH Ré A id Items for the Teacher .127 BE GLAD Be glad, when the flowers have faded?Be glad, when the trees are bare?When the thick fog lies on the fields and moors And the frost is in the air?When all around is a desert And the clouds obscure the light, When there are no songs for the darkest day, No stars for the longest night?Ah, yes, for the truest gladness Is not in ease or mirth; It has its home in the heart of God, Not in the loves of the earth.God\u2019s love is the same foverer, If the skies are bright or dim, And the joy of morning lasts all day, When the heart is glad in Him.\u2014Ex.GOOD COUNSEL It seems to me that the shortest way to check the darker forms of deceit is to set watch more scrupulous against those which have mingled, unregarded and un- chastised, with the current of our life.Do not let us lie at all.Do not think of one falsity as harmless and another as slight and another as unintended.Cast them all aside; they may be light and accidental, but they are an ugly soot from the smoke of the pit, for all that; and it is better that our heart should be swept clean of them, without overcare as to which is largest or blackest.Speaking truth is like writing fair, and comes only by practice; it is less a matter Gf will than of habit, and I doubt if any occasion and forma- tior of such a habit \u2014Ruskin.pu rt il Sinan à L A ie ét te The Educational Record MY SYMPHONY To live content with small means, to seek elegance rather than luxury, and refinement rather than fashion to be worthy, not respectable, and wealthy, not rich; to study hard, think quietly, talk gently, act frankly; to listen to stars and birds, babes and sages, with open heart; to hear all cheerfully, do all bravely, await occasions, hurry never; in a word, to let the spiritual, unbidden and unconscious, grow up through the common.This is to be my symphony.\u2014Selected.| CULTIVATING SPRING WILD FLOWERS The flowers that bloom in the spring, though never lacking appreciation, have not hitherto been cultivated\u2014 the familiar wild flowers, that is to say.But it is beginning to be different, says the \u201cPublic Ledger.\u201d Double buttercups of several varieties are now being grown in greenhouses and are in much demand.Before long, doubtless, the dandelion will be cultivated.There is no reason why it might not be developed into a magnificent bloom, six inches in diameter, with curly, golden petals.The original wild chrysanthemum was hardly bigger than the dandelion of today.Indeed, dandelions are already cultivated in New England, though only as a spring vegetable.Improved field daisies are now grown on a large scale in hothouses, and in winter fetch a high price at the florists.The Governmental Plant Bureau has recently found out how to grow the trailing arbutus (most admired of all -spring flowers) under glass, and before long its cultivated blooms will be on the market in winter. Items for the Teacher SATISFACTION \u201cYou may as soon fill a bag with wisdom, a chest with virtue, or a circle with a triangle, as the heart of man with anything here below.A man may have enough of the world to sink him, but he can never have enough to satisfy him.\u201d\u2014The Way.THE POWER OF THE SPIRE.Years ago Captain Cook was cruising among the South Sea Islands.Anchoring near an island he permitted his men to go ashore.Suddenly the natives rushed down upon them, and before they could regain their boats one of the number had been captured.Being unarmed, the men were compelled to sit in their boats helpless, while those natives killed and ate their comrade before their eyes.Twenty years later Cook was again cruising in this same part of the sea when he was overtaken by a storm and his vessel wrecked.For days they drifted upon the waves untii they were driven upon this same shore.When Cook recognized the same island where his comrade had been eaten twenty years before, he urged his men to use all their strength to keep the boat out to sea, but in spite of all their efforts they were driven upon the rocks.Crouching for fear in the foliage and keeping a sharp watch for the savages, they sent one of the men up to the top of a little hill to spy out the land.Cautiously he went forward until he reached the top and looked over.Down there in the valley, amid a clump of trees, he saw the white finger of a spire.With great joy he turned and began waving his arms and shouting to his companions, \u201cCome on, come on, it\u2019s all right; there\u2019s a church over here.\u201d\u2014Young People. 2008 130 The Educational Record DECORATED FOR CHEERFULNESS According to a London paper, an unusual decoration has been awarded a young Frenchman whose merit lay not in any feat of arms or actual engagements, but in his extraordinary cheerfulness, whereby he has encouraged his fellow soldiers.The awful days in the trenches were illuminated by his perpetual smile.The good cheer he radiated was like a sunbeam shot through the darkness.He was, therefore, awarded the military decoration for cheerfulness.The person who can keep cheerful is doing a splendid work for humanity.\u2014The S.S.Advocate.LEATHER OUT OF THE SEA (By E.L, VINCENT) Most of us have been in the habit, when we speak or think of leather, of connecting it with some one of the farm animals we know as the cow, the sheep, or perhaps the horse.By no means all our leather comes from these animals, however.It may be surprising to many to know that the sea yields a great part of the material of which our leather goods are made.Fish of different kinds furnish some very good leather.Who would think of using the hide of the codfish and the cusk, for example, for shoes and gloves?And still very fine articles of foot and hand wear are made from these denizens of the sea.In Egypt the skins of fishes are made into the soles of shoes and wear very well.The women cf Russia and Siberia trim their dresses with the skins of the turbot, and many books are bound with this material in Europe.It does not surprise us so much to say that the skins of seals are made into fine leather, for we have long used pocketbooks, hand bags, and card cases made of this beau- paola cuca Items for the Teacher tiful leather; but to be told that the shark\u2019s skin is capable a É of being turned into a leather that takes the finest possible | polish, quite like stone, in fact, may not be so well understood.Many a man today is carrying around a sword the about in the sea on the back of a shark.When your watch or some other article of jewelry come back from the silversmith who has been charged with LR its repair.it may owe its shine to the scouring which he gave it with a piece of walrus skin.This leather has something about it which enables it to take out all the scratches | and dents on the finest metal surfaces.When you go to | get your next pair of leather shoestrings, perhaps you may think that the skin of some porpoise probably supplied you : with this fine article of footwear ; but do not get the notion that any great lengths of porpoise hide are to be found, for sharks seem to have a special antipathy to these rovers of the deep, so that many a skin has been spoiled by the sharp teeth of these pirates of the sea; but a piece of porpoise a foot square can be stretched till it is eighteen inches long, such i 1s its ductility.Other seagoing creatures to which man has laid tribute on account of the quality of their skins are the sturgeon, the beaver, the alligator, the garfish, and even the frog and the water snake.A.\u2014In 1900 about 65 per cent of the world\u2019s nickel came from New Caledonia (French) and about 35 per cent from Canada.The world\u2019s output has increased five-fold since that time and Ontario produces 80 per cent of the whole.THE USE OF THE SABBATH Keep your Sabbaths free for earnest reading.Burn up the Sunday newspaper.It is an indefensible, intolerable curse.It exists simply and solely to swell the income of a newspaper proprietor.A Christian ought to be ashamed to have it in his house. A The Educational Record Is not a man sufficiently secularized by six days\u2019 contact with the world, without dipping his mind on Sabbath morning once more in to the muddy stream in which he has dipped himself on the preceding six days?What can be expected of a Christian in public worship who comes to church with a newspaper stuffed into his mind?He is cold as a clod to the touch of the preachers, and lowers the spiritual temperature of the entire congregation.William E.Gladstone was an ideal worshipper in God\u2019s house.He concentrated all his great powers upon the sermon.He was interested because he was informed.He was informed because throughout life he had made diligent use of his Sabbaths.He declared in old age that he would not have lived so long had he not always kept his Sabbath quite apart from his political life.| It was pure refreshment to him to turn to holier things on that day.It enabled him to learn more of religious subjects than perhaps any other layman of our century.It gave him that firm and splendid ground which ennobled and hallowed all his actions.\u2014Chas.E,.Jefferson, D.D.MUSHROOM SEEDS We often wonder at the amazingly sudden upspring- ing of mushrooms and toadstools.Today the green of the lawn is unbroken.In the night a gentle rain falls, and we wake to see a crowded group of yellowish-white \u201cinky- caps\u201d spreading their parasols in the very shadow of our doorstep.Mr.Burton O.Longyear in the Outer\u2019s Book describes the marvellous reproductive powers of these fragile and short-lived plants.Each species of fungus produces upon or within some part of its fruiting body countless numbers of minute re- pont LU Items for the Teacher 133 productive bodies called spores.So small and light are they that they float in the air as an invisible dust.Many of them fall to the ground and are washed into the soil by rains.Others are wafted away on every breeze, carried possibly for days, to be brought down at length by rain many leagues from their starting point.In this way they are carried to the ends of the earth, dusted into every crack and cranny, lodged on every exposed surface of wood or soil and caught on every dew-moistened leaf or twig.The amazing number of spores produced by a single fungus can be realized only by knowing their relative size.Thus in the case of most puff-balls, at least three thousand of the globular spores, when laid side by side, would be required to form a line one inch long.A compact mass of \u2018such spores, the size of a parlor-match head, would contain the incomprehensible number of thirty millions of these microscopic bodies, enough to cover an acre of ground with four spores for every square inch of surface \u2014Youth\u2019s Companion.ALL AGE WONDERFUL And so, all the way to the grave, age to the individual is a terribly important matter\u2014a subject of intense personal interest.As a part of the self-preserving instinct, the individual feels a strong impulse to defend his own age, no matter what it is Therefore we have the young cruel in their judgments of the old, the old contemptuous of the abilities of the young, and the middle-aged skeptical of both! Herein lies a danger, the danger of imagining the in- \u201ccapacities of others because their age differs from yours.As a matter of fact, human beings of all ages are performing miracles all the time.We have wonderful young doctors and wonderful old doctors, remarkable young lawyers ocre a a EE EEE 134 The Educational Record and remarkable old lawyers, amazing young business men and amazing old business men.\u2019There is no confinement of talent to any special time of life.\u2014The American Magazine.\u201cTrue greatness is not indicated by infallibility, or by the presence of great abilities or great acquisitions.The ideal and measure of greatness as set before us by Christ Himself, consists in usefulness.He who does the greatest amount of good in this world is the greatest man.\u201d STORY TOLD BY THE PREMIER.In an address at the Baptist Chapel at Criccieth, on Sunday, July 13, Mr.Lloyd George told a story which he had heard in Paris.During the French Revolution some oi the revolutionists burst into a picture gallery which contained a picture of our Lord.One of the men was going to destroy the picture with the butt end of his rifle.He was stopped by a comrade who, placing his hand on his arm, said: \u201cStay; remember that it was He who proclaimed the brotherhood of man.\u201d CURIOUS CLOTH TESTING So old that it may be new to many is a scheme originally carried out by Franklin, and recently revived in England, for testing the heat absorptivity of different colors.Small squares of cloth of exactly the same material but varying in color were prepared.These were placed out on the snow in full sunlight.At the end of an hour the pieces were examined and some very interesting results secured.a ances Items for the Teacher 135 The black cloth had sunk right down into the snow until it was completely in the shade.The red piece was down to about half the distance.The light blue was only just below the surface while the white cloth was unaffected by the rays of the sun.The yellow portion sank down to about the same depth as the red.These tests show the degree of warmth of clothes according to their color \u2014Exchange.BULLET-PROOF GLASS There was recently conducted in New York City a most interesting experiment with what is said to be a bulletproof glass.A sheet of this glass was subjected to the fire of a .45 calibre automatic pistol at a distance of twelve feet, with the result that although the glass was shattered it stayed in place and resisted the penetrating force of the projectile, Great advances have been made in so-called unbreakable glass, the construction of which is in the form of a three-ply sheet of glass and celluloid, the latter being the middle member.Since it is cemented into a solid pane, the glass may shatter in the manner shown in our illustration but it cannot leave the non-shatterable celluloid to which it is firmly cemented.Glass of this kind is extensively employed for eye-protecting goggles, aeroplanes windows, windshields, and other similar uses requiring non-breakable glass.It is probable that the present bullet- resisting glass is another step in the development of such glass, as well as a possible extension of the uses to which it may ultimately be possible to turn this interesting and valuable material \u2014Scientific American.pouvions ut A anna ue: 136 The Educational Record TRUE HAPPINESS All mankind is, if only we could see and know each other, like a family that loves each other but quarrels ing cessantly over the breakfast-table, and talks always of its quarrels, not of its love.A family exists and lives together for the sake of that which we call domestic felicity, and in unhappy families, what secret repentings and yearnings there are! How often those who cannot meet without bitterness pity each other! All together they are missing a common happiness, willingly would they forgive each other for all bitter things said, but they cannot forbear saying them, And so it is with all mankind The Christian doctrine that we should love each other is not merely a command laid upon us by a God utterly and unintelligibly superior to us all; it 1s also the counsel of our own hearts, and that is why we know that it is divine.It is not a task imposed on us against our own natures, but the whisper and prophecy of our very selves that are not yet achieved, the promise of the happiness that we might win.If that were not so, Christianity would never have been even the ideal that it is; and those who insist that it is a revelation from without do it a poor service.It is also a revelation from within.\u2014The Atlantic Monthly.From the lowest depth there is a path to the loftiest height.Swimming in the Dead Sea is refreshing sport, but swimmers have to be careful not to get water into their eyes.In a ton of water from the Caspian Sea there are eleven pounds of salt, in a ton from the Atlantic Ocean there are thirty-one pounds, from the Mediterranean, eighty-five pounds; but in a ton from the Dead Sea there GUE CALL Items for the Teacher are one hundred and eighty-seven pounds.Contrary to a prevailing belief, there are plains on the shores of the Dead Sea that are so fertile and well watered that as soon as one crop is harvested another can be planted; but as a whole the basin is a dreary region.OPPORTUNITY \\ \u201cOpportunity\u201d is a word with a picture in it.Coming from a Latin root, it signifies the fact of being \u201cin front of port,\u201d The suggestion is of a ship which, having crossed the sea, at length faces the harbor sought.But it is not possible to enter port at all times.There are harbors, like that of Bude, in Cornwall, where the narrow, rock-bound entrance is so shallow that only at high tide can the ships come in, and vessels may often be seen tacking about in the open bay until the coastguardsman\u2019s signal announces \u201chigh tide.\u201d Then the helm is turned, the sails are set, and the ship bends swiftly towards the opening in the rock line.It is the moment of opportunity.The supreme opportunity which life presents is that of entering into right relations with God.But this supreme opportunity passes like every other.Youth is the best time for entering in.\u2014 Sunday at Home.WHERE ONE WORD CAME FROM.A fascinating study is one that which searches for the origin of words.Much of the history of the world, says an Exchange, is looked up in the words we use every day, utterly unconscious of their derivation.: When the Arabs came into Europe and learned from the nations they conquered the wisdom of all the ages then 138 The Educational Record past, they became deeply interested in the attempts that the old Greeks had made to turn other metals into gold.That it had been declared to be a secret and mysterious process made it all the more fascinating to them.And so they became alchemists, and called themselves Hermetic philosophers, because tradition declared Hermes Trismegistus about two thousand years before Christ had discovered how to convert the baser metals into gold.\\ To melt the mouth of a glass tube so as to close it was called securing it with \u201cHermes, his seal.\u201d We know little or nothing of Hermes, or when he lived, or whether he ever lived at all; but it is curious that even to this day when a bottle or jar is closed so that it is air-tight we call it hermetically sealed, after this same Hermes.PRAYER AND DEEDS No answer comes to those who pray, 8 Then 1dly stand And wait for stones to roll away Ek At God\u2019s command.He will not break the binding cords Upon us laid If we depend on pleading words, And do not aid.When hands are idle, words are vain 2 To move the stone; 1 An abiding angel would disdain To work alone; But he who prayeth and is strong In faith and deed, And toileth earnestly, ere long gE He will succeed.3 | \u2014Selected.TT AREER! Items for the Teacher.139 NUMERALS CAME FROM EUROPE That the system of numerals we use and know as \u201c Arabic\u201d had its birth in the ingenious mind of some ancient Hindu philosopher has been accepted as fact so long that to dispute it is to question a cherished tradition.Yet a profound student of Asia Minor and the intellectual characteristics of its various races makes the definite assertion that the Indo-Arabians obtained the symbols with which they are credited, only at third hand, and attributes their origin to the European continent.From this source the Persians adopted them, and later they were introduced by natural diffusion into India and Arabia.Nor did the numerals evolve from alphabetical characters, as supposed, but were designed for their purpose.The investigator's report at least opens the subject to new debate, if it does not wholly dispose of it.\u2014 \u201cPopular Mechanics.\u201d A LAKE OF ACID In the centre of Sulphur Island, off New Zealand, is a lake of sulphuric acid fifty acres in extent.The water contains vast quantities of hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acids, hissing and bubbling at a temperature of 110 degrees F., and great care has to be taken in approaching it to avoid suffocation.\u2014Selection.THE RELIGION THAT LASTS I do not think many people are frightened into being good.What we need is to listen to the love of God and let our own hearts answer.A soldier came home from the battlefield and said to 140 The Educational Record a friend of mine\u2014\u201cEvery time we were ordered into the tight, I used to pray.I thought I had got religion.So did many others.We just went down on our hands and knees and prayed.\u201cBut when it was all over we were just what we had been before.\u201cBut,\u201d he went on, \u201cthe love of God got hold of me, and now I am so happy, and it lasts.\u2014Ex.HOW LONGFELLOW WROTE Perhaps many of us, while reading poetry, have wondered how the poets write some of their songs.Longfellow has told us how he came to write the \u201cPsalm of Life,\u201d and it is a rather interesting little story : \u201c] was a young man then,\u201d said Longfellow.\u201cI well recall the time.It was a bright day, and the trees were blooming and I felt an impulse to write out my aim and progress in the world.I wrote the poem and put it into my pocket.I wrote it for myself.I did not intend it for pubication.Some months afterward I was asked for a poem for a popular magazine.I recalled my \u2018Psalm of Life.\u201d I copied it and sent it to the periodical.It saw the light, took wings, and flew over the world.\u201d\u2014Selected.HAD HIS WITS \u201cThose whom we are pleased to look down upon as \u2018underwitted\u2019,\u201d says Railway and Locomotive Engineering, \u201care frequently very much better equipped with native shrewdness than we realize.In a Scottish village lived Jamie Fleeman, who was known as the \u2018innocent,\u2019 or fool, of the neighborhood.People used to offer him a sixpence or a penny, and Jamie would always choose the big coin of small value.One day a stranger asked, \u2018Do you not know the difference in value that you always take the penny?\u2019 \u201c\u2018Aye, freen, I ken the difference,\u201d replied the fool, \u2018but if I took the sixpence they would never try me again.\u2019 \u201d Items for the Teacher 141 ONE WAY Chinese dentists of the old school used to tell their patients that tooth worms caused toothaches, and after pulling a tooth they would triumphantly exhibit a grub that they carried for the purpose.But the astonishing strength of their fingers, with which they did all their work, was no humbug.During their training they practised pulling pegs from a wooden board until they changed the shape of their hands and acquired a grip that had a lifting power of three or four hundred pounds.THE UNKNOWN RAY New uses of the X-ray are many.It now detects the presence of explosive in bombs and suspicious packages that are turned over to the police, and reveals the safest way to render them harmless.During the war radiographs of bales of cotton that were about to be exported disclosed quantities of rubber that was to have been smuggled into Germany.In Ceylon the X-ray reveals the pearls in oysters and so prevents needlessly killing great numbers that can be replanted.The Musk Ox of the North is destined, in the opinion of a celebrated arctic explorer, to attract greater attention as a useful animal.Its fleece is considered by experts to be of as good a quality as sheep\u2019s wool, and its flesh has long been known to be wholesome and palatable, , and the only meat worth mention that is available to the few human inhabitants of the frozen plains of Greenland and the great barren reaches of the northern latitudes where the musk ox dwells.Scientifically, the musk ox represents a distinct genus by itself.[Ener cendre rte SIRES RER NRA TS SAT a + 142 The Educational Record THE PRINCE\u2019S RANCH The Prince of Wales is going to send from England to his new ranch in Southern Alberta 30 Shorthorn cattle, 25 Shropshire sheep, eight thoroughbred racing mares and 20 Dartmoor ponies.More curiosity will be felt as to the ponies than in regard to the other items in this shipment.The Prince thinks that the little Dartmoor ponies will be adapted finely to the prairies.The ranch may be able to pay its own way by growing this kind of animals.\u2014 Buffalo Express.| CONCERNING SNOW In a handful of snow there might be 20,000 crystals, and no two of them would be alike, says London Answers.Sleet is snow which, in its passage to the earth, has passed through a layer of warmer air, and becomes partially melted.Snow is early or late, according to whether the summer was short and soon over or extended to the autumn.A short, early summer, means that the earth cools more quickly.! Ground which is covered with snow very rarely falls below freezing point, although the air may be fifteen to twenty degrees colder.This is because snow is a very bad conductor of heat\u2014it holds the heat in the ground and stops its radiation.The reference in the Psalms: \u201cHe giveth snow like wool,\u201d is not to the fact that snow and wool are alike in appearauce, but to the warmth of each.Snow is warm because air is held in its minute crystal interstices.No heat escapes from anything covered with snow.Snow is, literally, a valuable manure, and nourishes the earth with its carbonic acid, which penetrates slowly into the soil and it is thus fully absorbed. Items for the Teacher 148 Finally, snow is ruinous to shoe leather, because it warms the leather, opens it, and then penetrates.Note.\u2014One of the chief reasons, why snow is warm, 1s because of its colour\u2014White is the warmest colour because it reflects all the rays of light, that is the red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet, which compose the sun\u2019s white light\u2014Read the article herein, \u201cCurious Cloth Testing,\u201d which shows that white reflected all the rays, but all other colours obsorbed more or less, while black, which is not a colour at all, absorbed all the rays of colour or light and passed them on to the snow below and melted it.If the snow were black the sun would melt it during winter, but its white color reflects, both the sun\u2019s light and heat and the heat rays also, which are trying to escape from the earth and returns them back again to their home in the ground.Thus the colour of the snow saves itself from melting and the earth\u2019s heat from radiating away into space.In such a wise provision one can see the Creator's wonderful plan for the continuance of his creation and the happiness of his creatures therein.WORLD\u2019S BIGGEST BIBLE (By N.TOURNEUR) The world\u2019s biggest Bible, though of huge size, is no idle book.Weighing three-quarters of a ton or thereabouts (say, some 1,700 pounds), and carried in a specially constructed motor car that is equipped with an attractive pulpit and platform, it will be a striking feature of the world wide publicity campaign for making the Holy Scriptures popular, which is being conducted under the auspices of the Bible Crusade.After touring England, Scotland and Wales, the gigantic volume crosses the seas, and continues its good work in Canada and the United States, Australia and New Zealand, India, Africa and other parts of the world.When it has returned home to England, it will have travelled many thousands of miles, and have been in many climes.Lana ee 144 The Educational Record The book 1s remarkable in other respects than its size.Every one of the 12,000 texts from Genesis to Revelations is hand-written and signed by individual Christians as a testimonial of their faith.The idea was begun by the founder of the Blue Crusade, William Henry Fry, a grandson of the famous English Quaker philanthropist, Elizabeth Fry, and it is part of the plan to make the year of 1920 \u201cBible Year\u201d throughout the world, Standing on end, this immense volume of the Scriptures and Old Testament is more than five feet two inches high and is some three feet six inches wide.When opened flat, it measures seven feet ten inches across its leavs.Twelve large goat skins were required for the binding, that is in rich red levant morocco leather of the finest quality and most skilfully wrought.The front cover is surrounded by the coat of arms of the counties of England and Scotland, and these arms are inlaid in blue morocco and decorated with gold.In the centre of the front cover is a panel of royal blue morocco containing the Royal Arms of King George Fifth and Queen Mary, and they are inlaid with the proper heraldic colors.The book itself contains one hundred and seventy-five sheets of stout paper boards, and is not bound in the usual way.It is hand-sewn with twine in the good old-fashioned method like our great-grandparents\u2019 great folio Bibles, and round six stout hempen ropes, each rope consisting of seventy strands or threads of hemp, much thicker than the ordinary clothes-line.And four of these ropes are laced into millboards half an inch thick, and these ropes from the foundation for the leather covering.There is no fear of the covers of this Bible coming off.In order to hasten the handling of the book during the different processes of binding, a staging had to be erected, from the cross-beam of which hung down an iron chain and pulley block, without the use of which it would have required six men to handle the volume.And now it is to go out upon its travels. Items for the Teacher 145 WONDERFUL The publishing House of Thos.Nelson and Sons, with headquarters at Edinburgh, Scotland, is the largest in the world, They are prepared to receive a manuscript for a 500-page book at 8 o\u2019clock in the morning, and on the same day at 4 o'clock in the afternoon, ship an edition of 20,000 volumes.No other plant in the world has ever attained such an enormous production in book printing.ALPHABET OF HEALTH Abstain from intoxicating liquors.Breathe good air.Consume no more food than the body requires.Drink pure water.Exercise daily.Find congenial occupation.Give the body frequent baths.Have regular habits.Insure good digestion by proper mastication.Justify right living by living right, Keep your head cool and your feet warm.Late hours are a destroyer of beauty.Make definite hours of sleep.Never bolt your food.Over-exercise is as bad as under-exercise.Preserve an even temperament.Question the benefit of too much medicine.Remember, \u201cAn ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.\u201d Sacrifice money, not health.Temperance in all things.Under no condition allow the teeth to decay.Vanish superstition. 146 The Educational Record Worry not at all.Yield not to discouragement, Zealously labor in the cause of health and gain everlasting reward.\u2014\u201cAmerican Home Monthly.\u201d OLDEST CANAL The oldest canal in the world, dating back nearly twenty-five hundred years, and also the longest canal, measuring in the main section nearly one thousand miles, is that extending from Henchow, south of Shanghai, China, to Peking.Most of this canal has been filled with mud by overflows of the Yellow River, but the southern portion of it still constitutes a very busy waterway.The canal is now to be rebuilt and improved.The - project is too vast to be done at a single operation, and the funds are not at hand.At present, about $6,000,000 is available, and this sum will be used for the improvement of a section about a hundred miles in length, leaving to a later date, when funds can be accumulated, the reconstruction of other sections.The work is to be undertaken by American engineers.\u2014Scientific American.\u201cBLACK ROD\u201d (Christian Science Monitor) His full title is, of course, Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, and he is a very important person, one of the most important officials, indeed, connected with the British Parliament, while his office is a very honorable, and a very\u2018 ancient one.No doubt it is a survival; but then, England, like all old countries, is full of such survivals, and the Adour, Ttems for the Teacher 147 British Parliament is hedged about with all manner of honorable traditions.But it would be a mistake indeed for the new man from the new country to set them down as meaningless.To say of the Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod, as was said of him a short time ago, that he was no more than a grown-up messenger boy, and that a grown-up messenger boy would do his work just as well, is to display a sorry ignorance of the Mother of Parliaments and what it stands for.For the story and tradition of the British Parliament is strewn with memorials of great struggles, the fruits of which other legislatures have long enjoyed as a matter of course.Amongst these, perhaps the most precious and the most jealously guarded is the great fact of \u201cprivilege,\u201d not only for the assembly as a whole, but for each member of the assembly.The Gentleman Usher of the Black Rod is, in a way, the world\u2019s memorial of parliamentary privilege.Untold millions of people, every day, use the yard measure, but very few people remember the \u201cmemorial\u201d of this measure, the standard for all the world, the metal rod embedded in the masonry of the British Houses of Parliament and of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich.So it is with the Black Rod, the office to which that well-known soldier, Sir William Pulteney, has just succeeded.Hundreds of legislatures throughout the world will spring to their feet at any hint of breach of privilege, but few remember the little gentleman with the ebony stick, at Westminster, who is a standing and walking reminder of how the battle for privilege was fought and won, 300 years ago.True, Black Rod is only this reminder incidentally.He is an official of the House of Lords, appointed by the King, whose personal attendant he is in the Upper House.\"Thus he is, most distinctly, not a \u201cHouse of Commons man.\u201d But by far the most important function which Black Rod has to perform is connected with the House of Commons.On such days as the faithful Commons and their Speaker are to be summoned to the Upper House MAG EE REF IE 148 The Educational Record to hear a speech from the throne, or the royal assent given to bills, then does Black Rod become the centre of a ceremony strangely full of meaning.Taking his ebony stick, crowned with the golden lion, he makes his way along the corridors toward \u201cthe other place.\u201d But the moment the attendants of \u201cthe other place\u201d catch sight of him, they slam the doors incontently in his face, Black Rod is, therefore, compelled to knock for admission, and does so.\u201cWho is there ?\u201d\u201d asks one of the attendants.\u201cBlack Rod,\u201d replies the Gentleman Usher.The door is opened, and he is ad- \u2018mitted.Black Rod then advances to the Bar of the House, makes three obeisances to the Speaker, and delivers his .message.\u201cMr.Speaker,\u201d he says, \u201cthe King commands this honorable House to attend His Majesty immediately in the House of Lords.\u201d The honorable House, of course, is glad to obey the summons, but the King\u2019s emissary was obliged to ask before he could gain admittance.The little ceremony dates back to that tumultuous time, in 1642, when Charles I.measured swords with the House of Commons and lost.The House never forgot the outrage on its privilege committed by the King at that time, when he attempted to arrest five members.Charles failed, of course, in his attempt, and the little formality with Black Rod is a perpetual reminder of this failure, and of the great victory then won for \u201cfreedom of speech and uninterrupted debate.\u201d THE GREAT RIFT VALLEY The Great Rift Valley, described at the Royal Geographical Society by Professor J.W.Gregory last night, 1s one of the scars scored on the surface of the globe comments the London Times of January 6th.It extends over one-sixth of the circumference of the earth, and would be visible to the naked eye of an observer on the moon, who uatoco dope na aa cpèue Items for the Teacher 149 could also trace its main conflagration with field-glasses.It begins in Lebanon, follows the canyon of the Jordan and the Dead Sea, and crosses a high \u201cdivide\u201d to become the deep fiord of the Gulf of Akaba between the highlands of Edom and Sinai.The Red Sea, a great trough 11,000 feet deep, measured from the summit of its rocky wall to the sea-bottom, continues it between the high deserts of Nubia and Arabia to the narrow neck of Bab-el-Mandeb.It strikes across Abyssinia to Lake Rudolph, visible but irregular because of transverse folds, runs almost due south through British East Africa and traverses a range 7,000 feet high to Lake Natron, in what was German East Africa.Where it crosses the Uganda railway its walls are so steep that the trains used to be hauled up or lowered by cables.Tt is continued by the rift which holds Lake Nyasa, an inland ocean whose surface is 1,600 feet above the sea-level, with a depth 700 feet below sea-level.From Nyasa it runs down the Shire Valley, crosses the Zambesi, and ends in the Indian Ocean at the Sabi River, in Gazaland.A minor branch forms the Lower Nile, and a gigantic branch forms the upper end of Nyasa through Tanganyika, the second deepest lake in the world, its bottom 1,600 feet below sea- level, to the Upper Nile.We are accustomed to think of valleys as having been formed by erosion, but the Rift Valley, pursuing its course across watersheds, arms of the sea, and the valleys of rivers, is clearly the result of some more catastrophic agency.OUR SPINNING GLOBE, \u201cThe earth on which we live is a spinning globe.Vast though it seems to us, it is a mere speck of matter in the greater vastness of space,\u201d writes H.G.Wells.\u201cOne star is so near to us that it is like a great ball of flame.This one is the sun.Its mean distance from the UDR, 150 The Educational Record earth 1s ninety-three million miles.It is a mass of flaming matter, having a diameter of 866,000 miles.Its bulk is a million and a quarter times the bulk of our earth.\u201cIf the earth were a small ball, one inch in diameter the sun would be a globe of nine feet diameter; it would fill a small bedroom.\u201cIt is well to understand how empty space is.If, as we have said, the sun were a ball nine feet across, our earth would in proportion be the size of a one-inch ball, and at a distance of 330 yards from the sun.The moon would be a speck the size of a small pea, twenty inches from the earth.\u201cThe diameter of our world is a little under 8,000 miles.Its surface is rough, the more projecting parts of the roughness are mountains, and in the hollows of its surface there is a film of water, the oceans and seas.This film of water is about five miles thick at its deepest part\u2014 that is to say, the deepest oceans have a depth of five miles.This is very little in comparison with the bulk of the world.\u201d WHY WE MUST HAVE SUGAR From the earliest times sugar formed a large portion of man\u2019s food, says a U.S.exchange.Negroes and other inhabitants of tropical countries live largely on plantains, mangoes, dates, breadfruit, cocoanuts, and other fruits, which all contain a considerable percentage of sweetness.Sugar, as such, is not to be purchased in a Central African village, but the people do not need it, for they have fruit all the year round, and the children have sugar cane to suck or the sweet stalks of the maize plant to chew.Here, in the temperate zone, fruits are less plentiful, or, rather, they are plentiful during only three months out of the twelve, and we live on seeds rather than fruits. Items for the Noon Hour 151 Wheat, barley, oats, rice, maize and millets are the principal food stuffs of the human race in our latitudes.And our chief root food, the potato, is starchy, not sugary.Now, races that have to go without sugar, such as the Samoyedes or Eskimo, are almost invariably stunted.We ourselves and nearly all North Europeans were small people until supplies of sugar began to reach us.In the forty years between 1860 and 1900 Great Britain's consumption of sugar trebled, and those were just the years in which the height and weight of our people, as well as their general health, improved most wonderfully.OF COURSE (London Answers) An old gentleman was viewing some statues.Standing by one of the largest was a porter.Going up to him, the old gentleman said: \u201cThat\u2019s a massive statue, porter!\u201d Porter\u2014Yes, sir.The hand is just eleven inches across.Old Man\u2014Is that so?I wonder why they didn\u2019t make it twelve?; Porter\u2014Och! Sure, then it would have been a foot.ITEMS FOR NOON HOUR\u2019 (By J.W.McOUAT) Intended to supply reading matter interesting and helpful for the pupils at noon or in bad weather, when play is poor. 152 The Educational Record WORLD\u2019S LARGEST LOCOMOTIVE The largest locomotive in the world, so far as we know, has been put into service on the Erie Railroad.This, the \u201cCentipede\u201d locomotive, has twenty-four driving wheels of sixty-three-inch diameter.There are two distinct sets of driving wheels under the locomotive itself, and the weight of the tender is utilized for adhesion for a third driving gear of eight wheels.The operating mechanisms are all coupled so that the engine can be operated as readily and with as little labor as a single locomotive.The coal is fed to the fire box by a mechanical stoker; the fireman simply sits in the cab and operates the lever and the coal is automatically carried into the fire box.The locomotive consumes so much coal that it would be impossible for a single fireman to supply fuel without the aid of some such mechanical device.\u2018This giant locomotive is one hundred and five feet long, weighs 853,050 pounds, has a tank capacity of 10,000 gallons, and a coal capacity of sixteen tons.It is capable of hauling six hundred and forty cars, which would make a train four and three quarters miles long on level tangent.It is built to push and pull heavy loads up steep grades \u2014helping the ordinary weaker engine.The great freight train of a hundred or more cars that must go up a hill is divided in two, and this locomotive is put in the middle of the train.With one-half of its power it pushes the cars ahead of it, taking the load off the little engine in front; with the rest of its power it pulls the cars behind it, and so the load goes up the hill \u2014Exchange.À Japanese officer has designed a new type three- wheeled automobile, weighing only 120 pounds.A three- horsepower motor wheel is at the front., The chauffeur straddles the frame and behind him the passenger rides in a small tonneau set over the two rear wheels. Items for the Noon Hour 153 MORE WITS A company of people were waiting in a railroad station, and fell to relating at how early an age each had chosen his vocation.A farmer had been stimulated at twelve by a plot of ground given to him to cultivate.A preacher said that at the age of seven, in church, one day, he had resolved to enter the ministry.Thus several men spoke; but a sign- painter, present, antedated them all by remarking: \u201cI started in business before any of you.Why, before I could talk, I made signs.\u201d HOW ANIMALS BEAR PAIN One of the most pathetic things is the manner in which the annual kingdom endures suffering, says a writer in the St.Louis \u201cGlobe-Democrat.\u201d Take horses, for instance, in battle.After the first shock of a wound they make no sound.They bear the pain with a mute, wondering endurance, and if at night you hear a wild groan from the battlefield, it comes from their loneliness, their loss of that human companionship which seems absolutely indispensable to the comfort of domesticated animals.The dog will carry a broken leg for days wistfully, but uncomplainingly.The cat, stricken with stick or stone, or caught in some trap from which it gnaws its way to freedom, crawls to some secret place and bears in silence _pain which we could not endure.The dove, shot unto death, flies to some far-off bough, and as it dies the silence is unbroken save the patter on the leaves of its own life-blood.Sheep and cattle meet the thrust of the butcher\u2019s knife without a sound, and even common poultry endure intense agony without complaint.The wounded deer speeds to some thick brake, and in pitiful submission waits for death.ML te LEGS 154 The Educational Record The eagle, struck in midair, fights to the last against the fatal summons, There is no moan or sound of pain, and the defiant look never fades from its eyes until the lids close over them never to uncover again.\u2014Selected.EVERY BOY SHOULD LEARN To reverence womanhood.To be true to his word and work.To face all difficulties with courage and cheerfulness.To form no friendship that can bring him into degrading associations.To respect other people\u2019s convictions.To live a clean life in thought and word, as well as in deed.That the best things in life are not those that can be bought with money.That to command he must first learn to obey.That there can be no compromise between honesty and dishonesty.That the virtues of punctuality and politeness are excellent things to cultivate, That a gentleman is just what the word implies\u2014a man who is gentle in his dealings with the opinions, feelings, and weaknesses of other people.\u2014\u201cMother\u2019s Magazine.\u201d HUMOUR On a sign in front of a dyeing establishment in a certain city in the United States is found the following ingeniously expressed advertisement.\u201cWe dye to live.We live to dye.The longer we live The better we dye.The more we dye, The better we live.\u201d Items for the Noon Hour 155 MADE OF WOOD An elaborate exhibit of the unique uses of forest products was made at the State Fair at Syracuse and at a score of county fairs as part of the display ofthe New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse, in its campaign to educate the people of the State to the necessity of preventing waste of the forest areas of New York.Here are some of the strange uses made of wood and its by-products which will be seen in this exhibit : \u201cSilk\u201d socks, made from wood fibre, which look like silk, feel like si'k, but are far cheaper than the real thing.Sawdust sausage casings, in which wood, converted by chemical processes into viscose, is used instead of the old type of sausage casings produced from the by- -product of the slaughter house.Wood-flour phonograph records, compressed under enormous power, to help make music from sawdust.Tanbark shingles, made from the waste hemlock bark, after it has been through the tannery.Paper milk bottles to help fight the high cost of living, by saving the breakage of enormous quantities of glass bottles in the kitchen and by the dairyman.All of these unusual commercial articles are made from what was once waste of the sawmill, and their display is part of the campaign of the New York College of Forestry to show how close utilization of wood will help to cheapen articles of commerce, and at the same time end the enormous waste that has accompanied lumbering operations.NEVER GIVE UP (By ESTHER HOOEY) Some one has written an amusing little poem, about two frogs who fell into a bowl of cream.One became quite \u2018 AR TRE 156 The Educational Record pessimistic, saying that there was no use in their trying to get out as their case was hopeless, and they might as well give up at once, so he said good-by.The other determined that he would stay up just as long as he could in hopes that in some way help would come.Round and round the bowl he went, swimming and kicking with all his might.After some time his active movements churned the cream into butter and climbing on top of the butter, he was able to hop out of the bowl.While we laugh at the story, we may learn a good lesson from it.When in trouble, never give up.Keep on doing the very best you can, and before you are aware of it, a way out of your troubles may appear.THE FIRST CANDLESTICK One of the first candlesticks was a boy.He sat in the corner of a Scotch kitchen holding a piece of fir candle in his hands, from time to time cutting and trimming it to make it burn brightly.The fir candle was a length of wood cut from a kind of fir tree which is found embedded in the peat.This kind of candle is still used in some parts of Scotland.It usually fell to the lot of the \u201cherd laddies\u201d to act the part of candlestick; but should a beggar ask for a night\u2019s lodging he was expected to relieve the \u201cherd laddie\u201d of his duty.A candlestick is still called, in Aberdeen- shire, a \u201cpuir man.\u201d\u2014\u201cThe Girl's Friend.\u201d THE CROCODILE\u2019S COUSIN One variety of lizard which makes its home in the rivers of India and Africa sometimes attains a length of seven feet.This lizard is the monitor, a name given to it because of its habit of warning its fellows of the crocodile\u2019s approach. Items for the Noon Hour 157 The crocodile is the monitor\u2019s worst foe.But when you consider the conduct of the monitor toward his neighbor you can hardly blame the crocodile for making short work of any lizard he can capture.For not only does the mmonitor make crocodile eggs his chief article of food, but he eats the young crocodile.Natives fear the bite of the baby monitor, believing that its effect is deadly.This is not true \u2014Exchange.THE ANIMAL THAT EATS HIS BEDROOM The muskrat lives in the brown bog, hiding carefully in the daytime and coming out at night to seek food or to build his little house, In winter his house is cosy, for he builds it with a passage that enters beneath the ice of the pond on the border of which he lives.The bitter wind, therefore, cannot reach him.If he is hungry he can swim under the ice and find pond-lily roots and other sweet food.Maybe he does not need even to wet his fur, for he builds his house of these very roots and of rushes and grasses, so \"that all he needs to do when hungry is to turn and eat his bedroom door.Muskrats are sociable creatures.When they live together, one will warn another of approaching danger.They attract attention by flapping the water with their tails as they dive out of sight.Alligators like muskrat flesh and eat it when they can get it.The little animal has other enemies, the worst of them, perhaps, being the mink; for the mink can follow the muskrat into his home.Worst of all for all muskrats, however, is a severe winter following a dry fall, because then the ponds freeze solid, and the little fellows are either forced out to become the victim of enemies, or are shut out by the ice and die of starvation\u2014Our Dumb Animals.LORIE OC RES, OC AR ECO The Educational Record INFLUENCE OF A MOTHER \u201cYears ago Robert Moffat, who became the celebrated missionary, was walking as a lad on the highway of Scotland, and as his mother turned to say good-bye to him she said, \u2018Robert, you must promise me one thing\u2019 He was unwilling to do it until he knew for what the promise was to be made.At last his mother said: \u2018Robert, trust me and give me your word that you will do what I ask?\u2019 \u2018Very well, mother,\u2019 he said, \u2018I will\u2019 And she said: \u201cYou are going into a wicked world to live and you will be far away from your home and your mother.Promise me that you will begin every day with God, and close every day in the same way, and he said: \u2018Mother, I will promise.\u201d She kissed him, and he says that her kiss influenced him throughout his entire life.\u201cMothers must be saints if the homes where they live are to stand against the influence of the world, the snares of the devil, and the awful downward pull of life.\u201d A PENITENT CROW À correspondent sends a story of a tame crow named Richie, He was in the habit of receiving crackers and water from his mistress\u2019 window, but sometimes requited the kindness by seizing the tumbler in his bill, and hurling it to the ground! At other times he would enter the room unobserved, and commit such havoc as only crows are capable of\u2014 removing the corks from bottles and emptying the contents in perfect torrents over the floor, plucking the pins from the pincushions, and scattering writing materials, letters and bric-a-brac in every direction.One day he entered the window, seized an unused pencil, and, before the indignant servant could snatch it away from him, flew off with it to a neighboring tree. Items for the Noon Hour 159 His mistress, incensed by this theft, refused to recognize him in any way, and pushed him away from her window when he came for his food.He flew off, and within - five minutes appeared again, bearing in his bill the stolen - pencil, bereft of its rubber end-piece, but otherwise uninjured.He deposited it with all solemnity on the windowsill, and then bowed and cooed in his most captivating manner, evidently begging for a restoration to favor.\u2014 Youth\u2019s Companion.PRICE OF VANITY According to the Seattle representative of the Shipping Board, finger rings constitute a fruitful source of accidents to shipyard workers.\u201cIf you wish to avoid acci- cents,\u201d says this authority, \u201cleave them off when you go to work.Within thirty days two men have lost fingers as a result of accidents for which their rings were responsible, and more than twenty less serious mishaps have been reported which were due to the same cause.\u201d THE FROZEN PUZZLE Take a common water pail, about three feet of fine iron wire,\u2014the finer the better,\u2014and a lump of ice that weighs about two pounds.Stretch the wire across the top of the pail in two strands about two inches apart, to form a kind of bridge.Then lay the ice upon the wires, but take care that it does not touch the pail The ice will begin to melt, and the water will drop into the pail.Presently the ice wil seem to sink down, as if the wires were cutting it into three pieces.In about half an hour, if you try to lift the ice, you will find the wires securely frozen in.The lump of ice will PRR OS RE Pt 7 160 The Educational Record slip along the wires, but you cannot take it away from them.You can see the wires through the ice, but the point of the sharpest penknife cannot find where they entered.The ice will be one solid unbroken piece.At last, the wires will come out at the top and the lump of ice, although it has partly melted away, will drop into the pail as whole as ever.The explanation is as follows: The wires melt the ice where they touch it, and it settles down upon and around them by its own weight.The wires, since they are very slender, melt only narrow, shallow groove.The water, running down from the ice, gathers in these grooves, and since it is surrounded by the ice and protected from the air, freezes again.Refreezing like this occurs whenever two wet surfaces of ice come close together; it is called regelation.This property of regelation explains some of the of the strange movements of glaciers.Men used to think that the ice bent and twisted round the sharp corners as it slipped down crooked valleys.Now they know that ice never bends, but that the ice river breaks and freezes into new shapes.Lumps of ice swimming in hot water and touching one another will freeze together in this way.Break up some ice into small pieces, close the hand tightly over a number of them and plunge hand and all into warm water for a moment.Then take your hand out, and you will find the bits of ice frozen together in a single lump.\u2014Youth\u2019s Companion.INVESTIGATORS A man struck a match to see if his gasoline tank was empty.It wasn\u2019t.A man patted a strange bull dog to see if the critter was affectionate.It wasn\u2019t. Items for the Noon Hour 161 A man looked in the muzzle to see if the gun was loaded.It was.A man touched a wire to see if it was charged.It was.A man speeded up to see if he could beat the train to the crossing.He couldnt.A man put wood furniture in his fire-proof building to see if it would burn.It did.Don\u2019t be that kind of an investigator.THE KING AND THE BIBLE King George the Third was very fond of walking about in a quiet and simple way, unattended, and fre- auently during his walks he would step into cottages by the wayside and talk with the occupants, and many, taking him for a country gentleman or a farmer, would talk very ireely with him.On one of his walks he one day entered a cottage, but found nobody there.Looking about him, he saw signs of poverty, and noticing a Bible on a shelf that did not appear to be often used, he took it down and placed a five-pound note between its pages.Putting it again on the shelf, he left the cottage.Some time after, he was passing that way again, and entered the cottage, but this time saw the mother, who, in conversation with her visitor, complained of the hard lot and trying circumstances.The king, as was often his custom, spoke of the Bible as the source of all comfort, and that none ever sought its comfort and strength in vain.He offered to read a few verses, and taking down the dusty Bible, read some very precious verses.Then, turning over the leaves, he showed the astonished woman the five- pound note, which had lain there since he had put it in.He did not tell her who put it there, but showed her how rich she was while she complained of poverty, and that id i: Hen 162 The Educational Record riches were within her search.Alas! the Bible was the last place she thought of looking into for happiness and wealth.The king left her, thankful that at a trifling expense he had been able to speak about God to a burdened heart.Study the word of God, and while you may not find tive-pound notes there, you will find a treasure there which is \u201cmore to be desired than gold, yea, than much fine gold.\u201d \u2014Fxchange.A KITE THAT LOOPS THE LOOP Aîter all, kite flying does become monotonous sport in due course.When the kite once leaves the ground and spars aloft there 1s very little excitement to hold the interest of the kite flyer.With these facts in mind, a skilled mechanic in the employ of one of the leading British aircraft companies has worked out a kite which performs all kinds of aerial stunts.The kite loops the loop, nose dives, side and tail slides, and does all the other stunts usually performed by the most experienced airman.The long tail used in conjunction with the kite, as well as the peculiar shape of the kite proper, serves to make it perform in the manner outlined.Several attractive offers have already been made to the inventor for the use of his patents, but he insists that only disabled men be employed in the manufacture of these kites.\u2014Fxchange.SOLD BY THE YARD In the Island of Malta grows a vegetable that is literally sold by the yard in the native markets. Items for the Noon Hour 163 It 1s the vegetable marrow, a growth that looks like an immense cucumber and grows so fast that one can literally watch it move.It grows in plainly visible little jerks, the vegetable attaining an incredible length if left unchecked.In the markets one may purchase the length needed for a meal.Half a yard is a safe length, though the quantity purchased all depends upon the size of the family it 1s intended for.Marrow may be split up and cut into small pieces, then boiled and served much as summer squash is prepared in our country.\u2014 Exchange.CARE OF THE EYES \u201cFirst\u2014Take care of your sight; upon it depends much of your safety and success in life.à \u201cSecond\u2014Always hold your head up when you are reading.\u201cThird\u2014Hold your book fourteen inches from your face.\u201cFourth\u2014Your eyes are worth more to you than any book.\u201cFifth\u2014Never read with the sun shining directly on the book.\u201cSixth\u2014Never face the light when reading.\u201cSeventh\u2014Let the light come from behind you, or over your left shoulder.\u201cEighth\u2014Avoid books or papers printed indistinctly or in small type.| \u201cNinth\u2014Rest your eyes frequently by looking away from your book.\u201cTenth\u2014Cleanse our eyes night and morning with pure water.\u201cEleventh\u2014Never read in the twilight, or in a reclining position.\u201cTwelfth\u2014Never rub your eyes with you hand, or an unclean towel, handkerchief or cloth.\u201d\u2014Selected.To er i; i es or fs ge ; E > AE i: ù The Educational Record WHAT GOOD IS THE ROBIN?Now what good is the robin?Everybody knows the robin.A boy came along the road with a .22 rifle, saw a robin sitting there, and killed it.I went over and picked the robin up.Two cutworms were squirming on the ground; the robin had had them in his beak.I held the bird up, and two more fell out of his mouth.Remember, one cutworm will cut down five tomato plants in a night.The cutworm does his work and then hides under the soil; Mr.Robin comes hopping along, picks in here and there and pulls him out\u2014and turns him into a robin.If anyone tells you that a robin will destroy one hundred cutworms in a day, take it from him that it is true.\u2014Jack Miner at the National Conference on \u201cGame and Wild Life.\u201d STRATEGY \u201cWhen he saw the enemy coming he turned and ran.I call that cowardice.\u201d \u201cNot at all.He rememberedithat the earth is round, and he intended to run around and attack-the enemy from the rear.\u201d\u2014Selected.TO THE POINT It was five minutes before noon.The mayor and the state superintendent had spent an hour talking to the children in a certain school some years ago, and just before the stroke of the gong, the chairman of the local school committee was called upon to follow them.\u201cChildren,\u201d he said, pointing toward the window, \u201cas you go out from the school in about two minutes you will see a gang of men who are now shovelling cinders into a railway-train.They are earning thirty-five dollars a month. ROOT oran ra UT Leu mit Eins Items for the Noon Hour 165 \u201cBesides them is a timekeeper earning fifty-five dollars.\u201cAt the head of the train is an engineer getting one hundred dollars, and over him is a superintendent getting two hundred.\u201cWhat is the difference between those men?Education.Get all you can of it.\u201d\u2014The Youth's Companion.FINISH YOUR TASK It\u2019s easy enough to begin a task, But to finish it\u2014that\u2019s the thing: The completed work holds the honey sweet While the undone yields a sting.Oh, the feet will lag and the heart grow faint Ofttimes ere the stint is done; But what joy is yours, as you rest at last, With the hard-fought battle won! Then, here\u2019s to the lad who will see it through, ~ Whatever the task may be.For my heart goes out to the boy of pluck; But no half-done boy for me.\u2014Ex.SPIDERS AGAIN Spiders are responsible for quite a number of troubles on the telegraph lines in Argentine Republic and Brazil.The ground spider spins a heavy web which the wind wraps around the wires in great masses, and when these become damp, short circuits are formed.Trouble men are obliged to follow the wires across the country and remove the webs.Of course, the spiders that grow in South America are not the small and harmless insects to which we are accustomed. i The Educational Record HOW A HORSE SLEEPS All horses, when turned out in pasture, are more prone to take their rest lying down than when confined in stable stalls, but even when practically free from human restraint and observation, or any likelihood of danger, they seldom take more than an hour each night in the recumbent position, and that period is generally indulged in about midnight.A noted veterinarian says: \u201cThere are some curious facts regarding the disposition of horses in the matter of lying down.To a hard-working horse repose is almost as much of a necessity as good food and water, but tired as he may be, he is an animal very shy about lying down.I have known instances where stablemen declared that the horses in their charge had never been known to take rest in that manner, but always slept standing.In some of these instances the animals were constantly under human watchfulness night and day, and in other cases the conclusions were arrived at because no marks of the bedding were ever found upon their coats.I now recall an instance of a horse that stood in a stall near the entrance of a livery stable.No one ever saw that animal lying down within a period of fifteen years, and he finally died standing.\u201d It is a theory\u2014only a vague supposition\u2014that a horse sieeps standing because he fears that insects or mice may creep up his nostrils.It is also known that the elephant has the same horror of mice and that a small rodent can cause more consternation among a herd of those colossal animals than can a tiger or boa constrictor.A mouse in the hay at a circus will cause every elephant in the collection to hold his trunk aloft, plainly indicading that they fear the little creatures may take refuge in the proboscic orifice.But to return to horses: It has always been said that they \u201csleep with one eye open,\u201d and are constantly on guard.An Indian shod in cotton felt moccasins, practicing Items for the Noon Hour 167 all the sly arts of his people, could not, with the wind in his favor, approach a sleeping horse without being detected.No.matter how weary a horse may be, his ears are constantly turning and twisting so that their funnels may catch the slightest unusual noises.\u2014\u201cInland Farmer.\u201d THE BOYS OF TODAY (By E.P, H.KING) The boys of toray are the men of tomorrow, To carry the standard in light ci the sun; To fill up the ranks as the veterans falter, And add to the conquests their fathers have won.The boys of today have a golden tomorrow, If bravely their faces are turned to the light; Not heeding the voices that tempt them to wander And slacken their ardour for God and the right.The boys of today must be true to their colors, If men they would be of right excellent name; For unspotted life and a nobler endeavor Are grander achievements than riches or fame.The boys of today are the hope of tomorrow; Then lads let your purpose be single and true, That after the portals of manhood are entered The things that are lovely may triumph in you .JESUS A traveller in India was watching a crowd entering a Hindu temple.When all were in he said to the priest: \u201cHow long has this worship been going on\u201d?\u201cTwo thousand five hundred years.\u201d The Educational Record \u201cAnd I suppose,\u201d said the Englishman, \u201cit will go on another two thousand five hundred years.\u201d \u201cNo,\u201d said the priest.\u201cAnd why not?\u201d The priest raised his eyes, spread out his hands, and said one word\u2014*Jesus.\u201d Yes, Jesus, our Jesus.The greatest conqueror who ever entered India\u2014or any other land; Your Jesus; the One who was once a baby in Bethlehem, who spent His life doing good; to Him temples are rising all over this earth.The boys and girls of the world are bringing their hearts\u2019 love to Him who loved little children.And you\u2014our boys and girls of Canada, who pray and give for missions\u2014you are helping to bring this happy day, to make your Jesus King of all the earth.A NEW USE FOR HEDGEHOGS\u2019 QUILLS Some years ago the mole suddenly sprang into importance because its skin became fashionable for ladies\u2019 coats.Now, says a contributor to \u201cChambers\u2019 Journal,\u201d it is the turn of another lowly animal, the common hedge- hod, to come into prominence.Some one has discovered that hedgehogs\u2019 quills make excellent needles for phono- graphs\u2014in fact, that they bring out the sound more effectively than metal needles.The walls of a hedge hog quill are of a hard, horny substance, and the partly hollow interior contains a sort of pith.The hedgehog goes on the prowl at night, and runs about with more agility than you would imagine its short legs and dumpy body to be capable of.It has a stomach of strong digestive power\u2014the bark of trees, earthworms, -slugs, snails, frogs, dead birds, and eggs, including the shell, are all grist to the hedgehog\u2019s mill The female hedgehog makes a snug rainproof nest of moss and leaves and brings forth from three to seven or Items for the Noon Hour eight young ones at a birth, which, like puppies and kittens, start life blind.They are quaint little creatures, with whitish bodies and soft spines, and they make funny attempts to curl up if touched.Their spines, however, soon grow and harden, and as their muscles develop and quickly gain the ability to turn themselves into prickly balls and to erect their spines for selfprotection._ One certain way of making a hedgehog unroll intself is to put it into water, when self-preservation forces it to swim.When it touches land, however, it shuts up all the tighter for the fright, and, in the words of the showman, \u201cthe more you stir him up the more he won\u2019t uncoil.\u201d A QUEER BONFIRE About four miles north of Atchison, Kansas, is located Lake Doniphan.This lake is directly over fields of natural gas, which bubbles up through the water the entire year round in various places.These jets of gas, if we may call them such, vary greatly in size.Some of them are so large that they prevent the ice from forming over the spots : they bubble up, even though there may be a foot or more Over the rest of the lake.The smaller jets are not so powerful, and the gas from them gathers under the ice, and being warm enough to melt'the latter slightly, often form pockets which are from fifteen to twenty yards square.These gas pockets are very * handy indeed to any person crossing the lake on a very cold night, inasmuch as a natural bonfire can be lighted in an instant by simply cutting a small hole through the ice and touching a match to the gas as it escapes.Although the gas will burn but two or three minutes, its heat is enough to warm the child traveler and send him on his way rejoicing.One precaution, however, has to be taken; that is, to stand with back to the wind, because otherwise the roaring flame is apt to be blown right against the traveler, who is thus likely to get badly singed.\u2014St.Nicholas. 3 36 a i 8 Ho a AN fi IR 3 # #8 Hi J \u2018H i B H A 7 HE \"RN IR ra + +H n + RB: 3 i i: mn 170 The Educational Record THAT SISTER OF YOURS \u201cOh, well, she\u2019s only my sister!\u201d A boy\u2019s attitude toward his sister tells a good deal about the kind of fellow he really is.If he treats her contemptuously, ignores her in the family plans, does nothing much to help her, and strides along in his magnificent superiority with hardly a thought of her, he is showing a weakness of character that needs pretty prompt attention.It isn\u2019t enough that he should be polite and kind to some other fellow\u2019s sister; he needs to show no less degree of politeness and of kindness toward his own sister-\u2014Ex.A BOY I KNOW I know a boy who has a watch, But never thinks to wind it; And when he ought to be on time He\u2019s always just behind it.And when he has a task to do, He says, \u201cWait till tomorrow ;\u201d And when he can not find his things, He simply says, \u201cI'll borrow.\u201d That boy may make a business man\u2014 I know he wants to do it\u2014 But he must mend his careless ways Or he will live to rue it.That boy must do his work today, And plan work for tomorrow; Good habits, everybody knows, Are something boys can\u2019t borrow. Items for the Noon Hour LETTING MOTHER DO IT (By HELEN A.HAWLEY) Are you one of the girls who \u201clet mother do it\u201d?If you are, you belong to a large company\u2014much larger than it ought to be.They are the girls who leave to mother the small repairs the daily wear and tear requires\u2014the hook or button off here, the little rip there, the glove seam just started.One summer day a mother sat on a piazza, through the long, hot afternoon, darning her daughter\u2019s many pairs of hose.With a patient little sigh, she remarked, \u201cThe small economies of life are hard.\u201d Translated, the words meant she wished she could afford to toss the pile into the waste basket and buy new ones, and read a longed-for book.And the daughter?Oh, she lay in a hammock under the trees, in the delicious dreaminess a girl of 16 so thoroughly enjoys.Had you asked her, she would have said, \u201cWhy, mother loves to mend my stockings,\u201d and she would have spoken the truth.But that mother would have had a keener delight if her daughter had playfully taken the mending out of her hands, and had done it her own self.More than that, I think a girl 16 years old ought to have too much pride to leave such things to her mother.She owes something to her own self respect.The sparing of mother from unnecessary tasks becomes not only something that love owes her but that real honor demands.Watchfulness is needed here, because it is easy to shove off responsibility on to willing shoulders.It 1s a great deal better to take off weights than to add them.That fine young frame of yours will surely not find them too burdensome.And I should like to watch your mother\u2019s face when it dawns on her that the lovely daughter of whom she is so proud really is considering her comfort in these small ways.\u2014Selected. 172 The Educational Record THE SQUIRREL THAT LOVED MUSIC I have just read about a sportsman who one day in the woods sat very still, and began to whistle an air to a red squirrel on a tree.\u201cIn a twinkling,\u201d says he, \u201cthe little fellow sat up, leaned his head on one side, and listened.A moment after he had scrambled down the trunk, and, when within a few yards, he sat up and listened again.Pretty soon he jumped upon the pile of rails on which I was, came within four feet of me, sat up, made an umbrella of his bushy tail, and looked straight at me, his little eyes beaming with pleasure.Then I changed the tune; and, chut! away he skipped! But before long he came back to his seat on the rails, and, as I watched him, he actually seemed as if he were trying to pucker up his mouth to whistle, I changed the tune again.But this time he looked so funny, as he scampered off, that I burst out laughing; and he came back no more.1 certainly had much more enjoyment out of this squirrel than if I had shot him.\u201d\u2014St.Nicholas.THE WRONG KIND OF A MAN Two men were calling upon a trainmaster on a Western railroad to ask for employment for a man who had seen him the day before and had been refused.\u201cIs the man tall and dark\u201d?asked the trainmaster.\u201cThat\u2019s the man.\u201d : \u201cThen,\u201d asked the trainmaster, \u201cdid you not notice that man\u2019s left hand\u201d?\u201cNo,\u201d was the reply; and as a man with a crippled hand cannot-pass the physical examination, the two men thought at once that he had probably lost a finger.\u201cWell, you go back and look at the man\u2019s fingers.He\u2019s a cigarette fiend, and any man that takes the time to roll as many cigarettes as that man smokes hasn\u2019t time to work at anything alse, I didn\u2019t or don\u2019t care,\u201d he went on, \u201cwhat his past Items for the Noon Hour history has been, for we need men just now and need them badly, but when I see that color on a man\u2019s finger, I haven\u2019t any use for him.\u201d\u2014The Little Christian, WHERE HE HAILED FROM A sergeant was entering a new enlister into his book.\u201cAnd where do you hail from, Angus Macdonald\u2014Eng- land, Scotland or Ireland\u201d?he asked with a sarcastic smile at the six-foot brawny giant with a Scotch brogue a foot thick.\u201cNane o\u2019 them,\u201d was the answer.\u201cI came frae Aberdeen.\u201d HOW INDIANS KEPT WARM When the Indian was on the warpath for any length of time in cold weather, he had a very ingenious and simple process for keeping warm.He could not build a fire without giving his location away, says the Philadelphia \u201cLedger,\u201d so at night the party would dig a number of holes about three feet deep and in the bottom kindle a fire of burnt wood (charcoal).Then in spoke fashion they would lie on the ground around the hole with their legs hanging down over the fire and go to sleep.This kept their toes comfortably toasted without warning the enemy as to their whereabouts.NOT HER JOB Mollie, the Irish domestic in the service of a Wilmington household, according to Harper's Weekly, was one afternoon doing certain odd bits of work about the place when her mistress found occasion to rebuke her for one piece of carelessness.\u201cYou haven\u2019t wound the clock, Mollie,\u201d said she.\u201cI watched you closely, and you gave it only a wind or two.Why didn\u2019t you complete the job\u201d?\u201cSure, mum, ye haven\u2019t forgot that I'm leavin\u2019 tomorrow, have ye?\u201d asked Mollie.\u201cI ain\u2019t goin\u2019 to be doin\u2019 anny of the new girl\u2019s work\u201d! RES TRNAS TH 174 The Educational Record ANNUAL REPORT OF INSPECTOR I.N.KERR FOR SCHOOL YEAR 1918-19 Hatley, Que., Aug.22, 1919.To the Superintendent of Public Instruction, Quebec, Que.Sir, \u2014 I have the honor to submit the summary of statistics of my district of inspection for the scholastic year ending June 30th, 1919.SUMMARY STATISTICS.1.\u2014Number of School Municipalities: (a) Under Control of Commissioners .c.c.cv.(b) Under Control of Trustees es 8 se se ss ee es se eve soe.2.\u2014Number of Schools: (a) Elementary .0.2404415 0000 00 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 1 a 0 0 00000 (DB) Model iii it a a 0 0 0 0 0 8 4 4 0 6 4e 0 ee ee eu 00 3.\u2014Number of Teachers: (a) Male Teachers .244400 044804 000 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 00 6 (b) Female Teachers .02400 5084464 0e a 0 0 a 0 0 0 000 0 4,\u2014Average Salaries: (a) Male Teachers in Elementary Schools .(b) Female Teachers in Elen.entary Schools .5.\u2014Number of Children of School Age: (a) Boys, 5 to 7 years, 125; Girls, 5 to 7 years, (b) Boys, 7 to 14 years, 441; Girls, 7 to 14 years, (c) Boys, 14 to 16 years, 144; Girls, 14 to 16 years, (a) Boys, 16 to 18 years, 77; Girls, 16 to 18 years, 111.430.123.81.1917-18|1918-19 16 16 11 10 27 26 37 38 3 3 40 41 43 45 307.97| 324.51 550.00 600.00 RIRES 236 RE 871 ace 267 case» 158 1,452 1,632 ge $ cran tit + \u2014 \u2014 = = We Annual Report of Inspectors 6.\u2014Number of Pupils Inscribed : (a) In Elementary Schools (b) In Model Schools 7.\u2014Average Attendance: (in percentage): (a) In Elementary Schools (b) In Model Schools 8.\u2014Classification of Pupils: In First Year In Second Year In Third Year In Fourth Year In Fifth Year In Sixth Year In Seventh Year -) In Eighth Year In Ninth Year In Tenth Year All the schools of my inspectorate were visited twice ac- ; cording to instructions, and reports sent to teachers, boards and the Department.J One new school house has been built in district No.3 of x the municipality of Gaspe Bay South.It is a well finished building and a credit to the few people in the district who had it erected without much expense to the municipality.In October I held one general conference at Gaspe Village for all the teachers in my inspectorate.This was made feasible - through the kindness of the general manager of the À.Q.and W.R.R.in giving nominal rates to teachers.i The qualifications of the teachers in charge of the schools were as follows: McGill Normal School, Elementary Diplomas.À Macdonald College, Model Diplomas.51 Macdonald College, Elementary Diplomas 5 Rural Flementary Diplomas The Educational Record Teachers Without Diplomas: Grade XI Certificates cc X [13 cc 1X se VIII \u201c VII \u201c It is very evident from the above statement that there is urgent need for more qualified teachers.The majority of school boards are quite willing to pay higher salaries for good teachers.The teachers recommended for bonuses are: Municipalities Teacher Address Class of Diploma, Gaspé Village.|Miss Emma Bartlett.|Grand Greve Elm.Red Head \u201c Bessie Burton.{Black Capes.Elm.Fraserville Diss.Frances Gorham |Riv.-du-Loup.|Elm.Roseville, Diss.Maude Bartlett.(Grand Greve.|R.Elm.Haldimand - W.E.Chisholm |New-Carlisle Elm.Gaspé Bay North.Stella Robinson |Shigawake Elm.The following municipalities are recommended for prizes for progress: Municipalities Counties Secretary Amounts Gaspé Bay South.Fred Veit Gaspé Village Arthur Doyle .The following teachers have been most successful in teaching the physical exercises as required by the Strathcona Trust, and are recommended for the certificates and their schools for the prizes: Counties Municipalities District] Teacher Address Temiseouata.Cabano | Edith Gorham.|Riv.-du-Loup Bonaventure.|Paspébiac, Diss.| Marjorie Ross.|Hopetown (0 (Ce = Cs 3 ra Annual Report of Inspectors 177 The following is the classification of the municipalities according to Art.9 (m) of the Regulations of the Protestant Committee.Excellent.\u2014Cabano, Fraserville, Diss., Sayabec, Gaspe Village, Red Head.Good.\u2014Shigawake, St.Godfroi, Diss., Port Daniel West, Port Daniel Centre, Port Daniel Fast, Diss., Perce, Diss., York, St.Pierre de Malbaie, Gaspe South, Cap Desespoir, Diss., Roseville.Middling.\u2014Little Metis, Grand Metis, Seal Rock, Bara- chois, Diss., Edmonds, Douglastown, Diss., Haldimand, Fon- tenelle, Gaspe Bay North, Grand Greve, Paspebiac, Diss.I have the honor, etc, I.NEWTON KERR, School Inspector.ANNUAL REPORT OF INSPECTOR J.W.McOUAT FOR SCHOOL YEAR 1918-19 Lachute, Que., July 30th, 1919.Sir,\u2014 I have the honour to submit to you my annual report for the year 1918-19.1.\u2014Number of School Municipalities: (a) Under Control of Commissioners (b) Under Control of Trustees 2.\u2014Number of Schools: (a) Elementary 178 The Educational Record 3.\u2014Number of Teachers: (a) Male Teachers .0.00 0000000 00000000 cee 30 35 (b) Female Teachers .404000 0000000000 600006 665 854 Total.000000000 695 889 4 \u2014Average Salaries: (a) Male Teachers in Elementary Schools all in Cities.| 1,934.66 1,971.57 (b) Female Teachers in § Cities.810.61} Elementary Schools] Rural.350.00 § 673.42 771.23 5.\u2014Number of Children of School Age: (a) Boys, 5 to T yrs.2860; Girls, 5to 7 yrs.2812 5,269 5,672 (b) Boys, T to 14 yrs.12892; Girls, 7 to 14 yrs.14100 22,771 26,992 (c) Boys, 14 to 16 yrs.1089; Girls, 14 to 16 yrs.1199 2,127 2,288 (d) Boys, 16 to 18 yrs.3848; Girls, 16 to 18 yrs.282 67 630 \u2019 Total.v.un.© | 80,234] 35,582 6.\u2014Number of Pupils Enrolled: (a) In the Elementary Schools .ceva.26,406 30,768 Total.0.0000 je 000000 0 fe 1000000 7.\u2014Average Attendance: (in percentage): (a) In the Elementary Schools .82 % 79 % 8.\u2014Classification of Pupils: Years of Course: (Boys and Girls): In Grade 1.2.0 00400 aa 03e a a 0000 0 00 0 0 00000 6,032 7,507 In Grade 2.2220 0004400 44 40 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 01 0 0 00000 6 4,462 5,038 In Grade 3.22202 0001 0000 0 00 0 0 0 000 0 00 00000 4,492 4,919 In Grade 4.112200 0 2020 6 4 a 4 4 0 0 0 8 8 0 0 0 ee 000 0 3,978 4,465 In Grade 5.220500 000000 sea a ea 0 ee a 0 0 ee 000 0000 3,395 _ 8,974 In Grade 6.220 0440000 040 0 0 8 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 000000 2,443 2,808 In Grade T.2200 02 04442 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 1 60 0 sa 000 0 1,512 2,050 In Grade 8.c.ern Cette te ete eas 83 7 In Grade 9.00 4002 4000000 00 0000050 000000 0 Blevins Total.c.ccn.26,406 30,768 (1) As no census is taken in Montreal and even other municipalities, the figures given may be misleading, There has been no unusual feature in the year\u2019s work.The conferences were held and the visits made as per instructions, while the teachers did good work notwithstanding the loss of dl the wise Loew te es 1105 SD LD UWS da Da BABES nar edits i autuotsid Sc deco coupon eric dés Annual Report of Inspectors 179 time through the influenza epidemic.I have been surprized at the creditable results in school work secured by a majority of the teachers in the country schools.Strange to say, some of the very best were working on permits.These naturally adapted persons I have urged to go to school for teachers and enter the profession with diplomas.It is little wonder that there is a shortage of qualified teachers, since I find that there has been an increase in the staff of this inspectorate of 194 teachers during the year.Nearly all of these have been employed by the cities of Montreal, West- mount, Coteau St.Pierre and Lachine.This number is just - about twice the present annual output to our normal school in the model class of teachers.Then to this increase must be added the number of teachers who cease to teach on account of age or other good reason.As you will observe by my statistical table there are 4362 more pupils enrolled this year than last year, which would give about 23 pupils each to each extra teacher on the staff.But it cannot be worked out in that way, as both teachers and pupils are found everywhere.Last year there were 121 municipalities, but this year only 118 owing to the other being incorporated into Montreal.None have died though some are very small in the census roll.The average salaries for female teachers in the cities mentioned above is $810.61, in the rural schools the female teachers\u2019 (there are no males in rural schools) salary $350.When the average for city and country is taken, it amounts to $771.23.The increase for male teachers averages $36.91 and for the female $97.81.The handsome increases given to city teachers last May will show up much better next year.Out of a rural staff of 73 teachers only 18 taught without diplomas, but, as I said before, these did good work as a rule.One new school has been built in Grenville No.3, and another is being planned in Brownsburg for next year.The following school municipalities are recommended for progress bonuses: Re Bey EL Ji: a is 58 3 180 The Educational Record _ À Municipalities Counties Sec.-Treas.Addresses We 3 \u2014 3 Grenville, No 3.|Argenteuil.Leslie Bates.Pointe-au-Chéne.i Chatham, No.1.do .D.W.Owens.Grenville, R.R.1.1 Harrington, No.2.do .Alex.Bethune.|Lost River, 1 Rawdon.Montcalm.Dr.Smilley.Rawdon.Saint-Canut.Deux-Montagnes.Robert Doig, jr.Lachute, R.R.3.The following schools are recommended for the Strathcona Trust prize, namely: County Municipalities District Teachers Addresses Argenteuil.|S.Jérusalem .3 Mary L.Duncan.|Lachute, R.R.No.1.Argenteuil.8S.Jérusalem .1 Margaret McKimnie.Lachute.I presume the regular course of study took all the time last 5 year and less time was given to exercises, but these are the only 2 ones whom I recommend this year.I recommend the following teachers for bonuses on account of eminently successful work, some of it done under very difficult circumstances.Perc.Municipalities Names of Addresses Diplomas and Teachers Points # Montcalm.Helen M.Thomson [Arundel.mem.Rural.95% # S.Jérusalem.[Mary L.Duncan.|Lachute, R.R., No.1.Blem ace 93 B Chatham, No.1 [Miron Weir.Grenville, R.R., No.1 [Elem .92 # Arundel.Winnifred Cooke.|Arundel.Elem .; 91 4 Saint-Théreése.(Inez Giles.Lachute.Mod.| 91 A Mille-Isles.Bella Morrison.|Cambria.Elem.Rural.| 91 pr.Grenville, No.1.|Ethel S.Keys.Grenville.Elem.Rural.! 91 4 Chatham, No, 1 |Laura Cousins.Grenville.Elem.Rural.| 90 A Arundel.E.M.Morrison./Arundel.Elem .i 89 a Those teachers follow who had a bonus last year and are only entitled to a certificate this year. Annual Report of Inspectors \u2018 nel \u2018Municipalities Addresses Names of Diplomas Teachers Grenville, No.3.Avoca \u201c| Alma B.Ramier Elem.Rural.S.Jérusalem.|Lachute Margaret McKimmie.|Elem.Rural.Terrebonne Terrebonne, .| Edith S.Boddy Le I fear I have transgressed your instructions to be brief, but I should like to state in closing, that there are many topics of interest which should be reported upon if space would permit.I shall merely assure you that good results have been attained on the course of study throughout the schools of my inspectorate.In the cities better conditions and a longer year were obtained and the results are more uniform and satisfactory.When one observes that over 30,000 of the 41,000 Protestant elementary pupils of the province reside chiefly on the island of Montreal, he can conceive the immense congestion confronting the city boards, especially that of Montreal.With an expression of thanks to all officials and to your Department for many kindnesses during the year.I have the honour, etc, J.M.McOUAT, School Inspector.DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.Quebec, November 21st, 1919.On which day a regular meeting of the Protestant Committee of the Council of Public Instruction was held.Present:\u2014 The Rev.E.I.Rexford, D.D., LL.D, D.C.L., in the chair.A.W.Kneeland, Esq.,, M.A, B.C.L.; The Rev.A.T.Love, B.A., D.D.; Gavin J.Walker, Esq.; The Hon.Sidney A.Fisher, B.A.; W.M.Rowat, Esq, M.D.; Prof.J.A.Dale, M.A.; Howard Murray, Esq.; The Rt.Rev.Lennox Williams, D.D.; The Hon.W.G.Mitchell, 182 The Educational Record M.L.A., K.C.; W.L.Shurtleff, Esq., K.C.,, LL.D.; The Hon.Geo.Bryson, M.L.C.; Charles McBurney, Esq., B.A; Sinclair Laird, Esq., M.A., B.Phil.; Prof.Carrie Derick, M.A.; Miss Amy Norris.Apologies for enforced absence were submitted for the Rev.R.A.Parrock, M.A., D.C.L.; Robert Bickerdike, Esq., and H.M.Marler, Esq., N.P.The minutes of the last meeting were read and confirmed.The Secretary announced the election of Miss Amy Norris, of Montreal, as Teachers\u2019 Representative of the Protestant Teachers\u2019 Association for the current year.The Chairman welcomed her and Prof.Derick, both of whom were present for the first time, to the meeting.A letter from Mrs.James Walker, Secretary of the Montreal Council of Women, was read in appreciation of the appointment of Prof.Derick as Associate Member of the Committee.A letter from Mr.W.A.Walsh containing a resolution of the Teachers\u2019 Association recommending that the law be so amended as to make the consolidation of schools, whenever undertaken, extend over a period of five years.The Secretary read his reply to Mr.Walsh in which the opinion was expressed that such action as was proposed would place an obstacle in the way of consolidation in many cases and thus tend to defeat the object the teachers had in view when passing the resolution in question.After some discussion the Committee expressed concurrence in the Secretary\u2019s opinion.Resolutions of the Association of School Boards and of the St.Lambert School Board deprecating the action of the Protestant Teachers\u2019 Association in passing a vote of censure upon the latter Board for preventing the St.Lambert teachers from attending some meetings of the Convention were read.The charge contained in the censure was denied, and at the same time it was recommended that the Teachers\u2019 Convention should be held during the holi- ans auernnonoe san Department of Public Instruction 183 days in order that there should not be an interruption of school work yearly in October as at present.The resolutions were laid on the table.A resolution from the Protestant Teachers\u2019 Association was read in which there was a request that to accredited schools the privilege be given, if they desire it, of conducting their own examinations up to and including Grade nine, such accredited schools being those recommended as such in the report of the Inspector of Superior Schools.It was agreed that the desired action must be deferred until assistance can be given to the Inspector of Superior Schools so as to insure a more rigid examination than can now be provided.However, it was moved by Mr.McBurney, seconded by Prof.Dale, and resolved: That a sub-committee be appointed to consider and report on the advisability of recommending to the schools of the Province the inclusion of the marks taken in the sessional examinations with those taken in the June Examinations in determining the standing of the pupils for promotion, prizes, etc., and to prepare a definite scheme to carry this idea into effect.The Chairman appointed Mr.McBurney, Convener, Mr.Kneeland, Miss Norris, and Dean Laird.The following three resolutions were read from the District of Bedford Educational Board, having been passed at a meeting held in Granby on the first of November.1.\u2014That in view of the increased cost of the upkeep of schools and the increased salaries paid to teachers the Government of the Province of Quebec be respectfully requested to raise the grants paid to Superior Schools commensurate with the increased expenditure.On motion of Mr.Fisher and Dr.Love the Secretary was instructed to refer this resolution to the favorable consideration of the Government.2\u2014 That the present law should be amended so that School Commissioners and Trustees shall be compelled to provide educational facilities, either by consolidation or otherwise, for pupils who remain in a school district when nue Or crs ononnce atiatie,, 184 The Educational Record the Commissioners or Trustees decide to close any particular school owing to a decrease in the number of pupils residing in that district.After some discussion this was held over for further consideration.3\u2014 That the Government of the Province of Quebec be respectfully requested to enforce the law rigidly, for school purposes, which provides that real estate valuations shall be based upon the full value of the property.Inasmuch as the Municipal Assessments must be used by School Boards the Secretary was instructed to bring this resolution to the notice of the Minister of Municipal Affairs for his attention.The following report of the sub-committee on the Course of Study was submitted by Mr.Fisher and adopted aîter a motion of Prof, Kneeland and Dean Laird that the question of a book bureau be re-opened by a sub-committee and considered at a later meeting .The motion was carried.Your sub-committee has the honor to report on the following points :\u2014 1\u2014Supply of Text Books.\u2014At the opening of schools in September there was a considerable shortage of the authorized Text Books throughout the Province.From definite reports received by the Department it appears that the delay in supplying the books has been almost wholly due to labor troubles in the printing and binding trades.The difficulty has affected the other Provinces as well, and is equally if not more in evidence in Great Britain and the United States.Within the last three weeks, however, the conditions have improved, so far as our Text Books are concerned.The new Royal Crown Readers are now available, and most of the other books which were lacking at the beginning of the school term are now either on hand or expected in the course of a few days.2\u2014Quadrennial Revision \u2014In accordance with the recommendation of this Sub-committee, as approved by the Protestant Committee, it was the intention to have pro- Department of Public Instruction 185 ceeded during the present year to a general revision of the Text Books for authorization for the four years 1920-24.In our opinion, however, the present condition of the book publishing trade in general makes this step inadvisable.High costs of production are still reported and high prices are still maintained, with practically no hope held out for a reduction in costs and prices within any reasonable time.Under these circumstances we recommend that the quadrennial revision be deferred, and that the present authorized list of Text Books be re-authorized for the year 1920- 21, with the exception of such few changes as may be made necessary by further price increases, or for other valid reason.3.\u2014Application from Farnham School Board.\u2014The application from the School Board of Farnham, referred te your Sub-committee at the September meeting, asking to have certain commercial subjects recognized in the higher grades in place of certain subjects of the Course of Study, has been considered.While recognizing the importance of this and other similar demands for the inclusion of Courses of Study in Superior Schools more acceptable to scholars who do not contemplate entering a University we are of the opinion that any authorization of this character should be based upon principles of general application in all schools desiring to give such courses, and at the same time framed with due regard for the cultural standards which should be maintained in the course of study leading to the School Leaving Examination.Hence a special Committee of this Sub-committee has been appointed, with instructions to study the question, and a definite report may be expected at the February meeting.4.\u2014Westmount High School.\u2014An application was received from the Westmount High School asking that Physics might be accepted as a subject for entrance to the Model Class at Macdonald College in place of Physical Geography\u2014the main ground of the request being that the 186 The Educational Record school is fully equipped for the teaching of Physics and is not well situated for the necessary field-work in Physical Geography.The application was not approved.5.\u2014Course of Study.\u2014 The question of simplifying the Course of Study in the early grades, in order if possible to make the Elementary work more thorough in essential subjects, is under consideration.The Sub-committee recommends that the course of study authorized for the current year be continued for the year 1920-1921 with the exception of such few changes as may be necessary by changes in Text Books or for other valid reasons.The whole respectfully submitted, Chairman Course of Study Committee.Mr.Fisher reported that arrangements were under way for an educational campaign in about fifteen centres of the Province and that meetings had already been held in Gaspé and Bonaventure counties by Dean Laird and Mr.J.C.Sutherland, Inspector General.The plan included the principal cities as well as rural localities and was approved, the Sub-committee being instructed to complete and carry out all details that may be necessary.\u2018I'he Rev.Dr.Love submitted a written report on the distribution of the Superior Education Funds which after a brief discussion was referred again to the Sub-committee with instructions to bring up the question again at the next meeting.The Rev.Dr.Rexford gave an interesting report, viva voce, of his attendance as an accredited representative of the Committee at the \u201cNational Conference on Moral Education in the Schools in Relation to Canadian Citizenship\u201d, which was held in Winnipeg in October.At the invitation of the Committee he was followed by Prof.Dale, Prof.Derick, and the Secretary who had attended the same Ü.té Notices for The Quebec Official Gazette 187 Conference and who gave their impressions of the character and the expected results of this great Conference.The meeting then adjourned to reassemble in Quebec on Friday, the 27th day of February, 1920, unless called earlier by order of the Chairman.G.W.PARMELEE, Secretary.NOTICES FROM THE QUEBEC OFFICIAL GAZETTE.DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION.His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated the 31st December, 1919, to detach from the school municipality of the village of Compton, county of Compton, the lot No.21 of the 5th range of the township of Compton and annex it to that of the township of Compton, same county.His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated the 21st January, 1920, to appoint Napoleon Pigeon and Joseph B.Belanger school commissioners for the municipality of Lachine, parish, in the county of Jacques-Cartier.His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated the 26th January, 1920, to dissolve the corporation of the trustees of the dissentient schools of Saint-Paul-de-Chester, on account of the trustees of said dissentient schools having been one year without schools in their said municipality, and that the dissentients are now in too small number to maintain a school according to law.His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated 19th February, 1920, to detach 5 The Educational Hecord from the school municipality of Sainte-Anne-des- Monts, parish, county of Gaspe.1.In the township of Tourelle, the whole of range 1 composed of the lots A, B, C, D and the lots from and including number one to the number 37b, inclusive, together with their subdivisions; In range 2, the lots from and including the number 13a to the number 46, inclusive, and in the range 3, the lots from and including the number 13a to the number 49, inclusive, together with their subdivisions; In range 4, the lots from and including the number 13 to the number 51, inclusive; In range 5, the lots from and including the lot number 12 to the lot number 22, and those from and including the lot number 54, inclusive.2.In the township of Christie, the lots A-1, A-2 and No.1 of the first range, and to erect the whole of the above territory into a district school municipality, under the name of \u201cSaint-Joachim\u201d.His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated the 19th February, 1920, to dissolve the corporation of the Protestant School Trustees of Saint-Etienne-de-Beauharnois, county of Beauharnois, because the said Trustees have been for several years without school in their school municipality, that they do not carry out the law and take no measures to have schools pursuant to law.His Honor the Lieutenant-Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated the 19th February, 1920, to change the name of the school municipality of Lac-Noir, county of L\u2019Islet, to that of Saint-Clement-de-Tourville.~ His Honor the Lieutenant- Governor has been pleased, by Order-in-Council dated the 28th February, 1920, to appoint Messrs.Johnny Murphy and Thomas Murphy school Notices or The 'Quebét DifiégAr Gazette 89 fr NEN RE ee a a a WEST Yn Aer eee dommissioners of the municipality\u2019 of Saint