The educational record of the province of Quebec, 1 juin 1882, Juin

[" Say TA REALE igi of geet va Nae ar rend ne sy ls tn rl mid ad AGO fr ded do.Le ne Sse 0 he 45 Card; 6 sul snd de cure 6 RE TEE bei 371419 (court Lode ld oa) tioirgoss AD 2 nt ws ob gpg sew dard od EDUCATION AL, REÇORID ata + -0F res ot Ca \u2018 ad + ST PE FP QUI B + L\u2014 Bb rc ms FF JUNE, 1882 Cpe 2 1 TE es 1 \u2019 Je TEN phy mb Lo Conserve amt ey ti 45 M1} rr ng RY ques.FROM: A RELIGIOUS POINT OF: EE oboeseeod By thé Ruv TE: W.Pres, (OM.Dep.of ISciericé'and Art ;) Rettor of Nelsonpille and Principal of the Missisquoi.High Schools: vil) | Sr et Ahi (Conte from.8d\u2019! td Shae fn te \u201cLe CLOUS à dd oa ene a AEE: ROMANESQUE.Cena so«oûl caged aon CO SOI EE Out of.this grew \u2018the Lombard and the Norman.Tpe ! noblest structure remaining of the Byzantine or Romanesque.period bas unhappily.ceaged- to he a Christian place of worship.It, 18 the Mosque .of.St., Spphia at \u2018Constantinople.This stately building was completed by the Emperor J ustinian in the 6th Century.- ; Byzantine Art.is thoroughly symbolical.1t laid hold\u2019 of \u201cRoman ornament, and made, it, redolent of Christianity, .The unmeaning waverseroll and acanthus-legves were changed into eml bleme of Glory, Eternity, Purity and , Triumph, , Aure soles, Circles, piles, and, Writhing Serpents, (Runic-bnas) grow, out of.Spa llatons Roman, Art, and made them entir ely.suggestive, À have al Iuded \u2018early to.the.cress, with, ts nimbi: this dorm.was that, adopted, i in fay iy Byzantine architecture\u2014a crugiform Lu mine a con uch is is | St J dome, ang, smaller domes af the extromities at, Venice, +o, Wa afi ile rif, at comm es +7 \u201c 4 a (ut +L il} now ask Yop to, LHTYY 0 1; thoughts to the i island of G eat res, * A paper read before the Teachers Convention at St.Johhs, vi) Gr 26th, 188.\" \u201ciu unre DST ted age ean Dy en wot A 16 228 THE EDUCATIONAL RECORD.Britain.The first church in Britain is said to have been built at Glastonbury, by Joseph of Arimathea, who with forty companions, (so the story runs) emigrated in the troublous times of Palestine, to what was then the new colony of the Empire.pe erection of op and-daub,\u201d i.e., of interjaced josiers ta db InTsnfiyson\u2019s Hoky Gfail \u201d one of the characters Len et «From our.old books I know, That Joseph came of old to Glastonbury, And there the heathed Prince, Arviragua, : * \u2018 Gave him an isle of marsh whereon to build.And there he built with wattles from the marsh A little lonely church i in days of yore.\u201d The oldest remaining church of the British period is that of St.Pirens-in-the-Sand.Piren wag a famous missionary after whom a number of places in Cornwall are named, Piren Arworthal, Perranzabuloe, &e.The little church in whioh he is supposed to have ministered was discovered some years ago, and freed from the sands of the seashore; which had buried it for ages).Christianity in Britain seems to have made considerable progress.Representatives of the British Church attended the great councils of Arles, Nicea, and Sardica.But it suffered grievously from the irruptions of the Northmen, savage worshippers of Thor and Woden ; dhä at length Theon, Bishop of London, and Thadioc, Bishop of York, gathered their \u2018flocks together, and fled into the mountain fastnesses of Wales and Cornwall.Years elapsed dre thé Saxons, ander a combination of influences were Christianized\u201d Then churches, aroge again in the South-eastern parts of Britain?If you were sailing along the banks of the Humber, you might see, \u2018on \u2018the southern shore, the tower of a Saxon church which has weathered\u2019 the storms of eight centuries.It is that of Barton: upon-Humber, at the termination \u2018of the Rorhan Street, which extended from Lindum Colonia to the river.\u2018Its rude and feeblé imitations of Roman art at once\u2019 arrest the attention: In sôme Saxon structures the semi-circular heads of the small and narrow windows were cut out of a \u2018single stone.Sometiniës two such heads wére cut out in one stone; and betwéen them a support, in form of a pillar, was inserted, dividing the window into two lights.Stich, if T remember rightly, dre fle windows in the towet of Barton Church.+ À few fine churches were \u2019built in \u2018England evon in Saxoh, days, cata Are LEE PA Le SET Hair SOIL NEIL AA LA ASME on ART.TEACHING.: 229 by men who had visited Normandy, as for example, Waltham Abbey, built, by Harold Godwinson; but it was not till after the Conquest.thatjchurches of any great degree of splendor arose in that, Jang, French, gcclesiastics, intruded by.the Conqueror to the Anglo-Saxon sees and: benefices, marked their advent, by the erection.of, stataly ehuxreh.edifices in the Norman form.of the, Remanesque., I hayg, in my mind\u2019s eye, a very perfect specimen af Norman Art, the parish-chureh of Stowe (the ancient, Sidna- caster) i in Nottinghamshire., This church was the mother church, of, Lincoln, Minster.William :Rufus, in fear of.the maranding.Danes, ordered that the Bishops\u2019 Sees should be.set up in walled.cities, Accerdingly Remigjus moved his gee frog Stowe to: Lincoln.The.old cathedrakstill spands, solid aud beautiful, a building;in the, form.of a .Gregk 6x 088; having a magsiva,gentral tower,; The door: ways, axe.round;hgaded,, pecessed-rarch beyond aroh dimipishing- ornamented with the dog-togth, and other ornaments, «ii, .i The oldest portions, of many of the-English, Cathpdrals\u2014Canteyr- bury, Lincoln, Norwich, among the.rest\u2014are.of the Norman, period.\" y.d Loi mad es env 4 190015 9 dont s +, pe.Hon church, building is magked by\u2014 et 4 sa 61 Ouigiebeive arched; broad\u2019 dnd\u2018round; Ab cle cb (Mt à 0; 0 ak se altbrhts tbwbmirow, 1 7 442 Cou, ot (1, wie On ponderous coluins short.and low ; | 9: do (5) uit oi T odt Built gre dle agg was known re By pointed isle, and shafted stalk, Co à The axcades.cf.ag alleyed walk ., 4 Ta emujate.in ston@e-//.nr1.1i 11 lets The intersection of round! atches, j in, \"the later Norman gave rise to the pointed arch and brought i in Build og 2 iy foto db iw arent nerd alt sd ow TG Foye du =.cwnonord PER, GOPEIGE ngy od Ld A hig ald \u2018 hattitod thititod \u201cpétioës 5 The \"Harty Diglish, thé Gevthetrical; dnd the Pèrpéndicitar, With>{ansitiÿn\" styles, Dr \u2019Certainly there are peculiar féotings.that steal upon one in the.nobly fanes \u2018erected by our Christian forefathers.Theeaundbtrusive fitness; the mnworldly: grace, the eloquent.symbolism of plan and ornament in alt'around, direct in; a marvellous way the thoughts to \u2018God \u2018and heaven.» Some may: undervalue such prompters and guides of the emetions ?- But do mot the means of grace affect the emotions ?\u201cAnd: do'notthe emotions in turn influence the life?Andy were.it\u2019 otherwissyare not the emotions a part of the microcosm which in \u2018its integriy is' to be-offered \u201ca willing ¢ sacrifice acceptable unto God'?7:.sit, i: LO :Fmust not Awell on the peculiar excolléncios of the Minstors of England'>on .the: richness -of Bly, the grace of Salisbury, the massive strength of Durham, &c., nor pavtieularize the marvels of Gothie'Art that adorn them, suek as the Angel-Choir \u201d of Lincoln, the oak ¢atlopy work, atl.carved out of the carver\u2019s brain,\u201d of York, the: pendaiit bosses in the ceiling of Henrly.the Seventh\u2019s Chapel [&&.To ba appreciated such things must be seen; and once seën ch 41 never be forgotten.de Trad 19 4 qr pe LL ag ry te ne THE Dpoat oF.Ary EE or Thisy.after the Florid Gothie, >Was very! rapid.In Ttaly and Franca.the Renaissance, the -{inguecento, and the; ~Laus Quatorze styles: bame in succession ; and before they had znn their course, Axt wascompletely separated from Religion.Degorations became simply.æsthetit-ar chaos of fraits.and.flowers, and shells.and ribbons, wad birds and butterflies-display, and.gold, and glitter\u2014 trimping, and; coquillage, and bravura, and flutten.And so: the tninth' life of: Ornamkgital Arti came te an end with the bizarre Rococo, ithe last gasp of.the Louis Quatorze.5; +n.In England the declining {pulsationsishewed themselves i in the Elizabethan form of the Renaissance; \u2018in the monstrosities of the Ararecs, AE 0 4 238 THE EDUBATIONAL RECORD.1 \u201c Confectionary Style7of: thie: Jahdes the First petiodiithe most * barbarous of all ages in del edit ital Det hy?ann the absurdi- | ties of tho, most heh ibd dj Al agés it of Qugen Anne.iS Finally, the \u201c Churchwarden Gothic\u201d proclaimed \u201cearth to earth\u201d r over Art's consecrated, vesfingiplacey, vi.oe «tas 0 The present age is one of experiment, andisag yét without a style % of its own.Its best\u2018works are mérelyiitiitations ;-ahd everything Ek is imitated, from a Gresk\u2019 temipld\u2019 supported by Cäryatides to a E Gothic fane.We have, it Is true! What ah Améritaän writer calls il the % hippogriff of Art !is#sthe modern; place of worship \"=irequally i adaptedibo: tha fequireménts of a church and of Bwasiety theatio\u2014 be with: ornaments signifying everything in genétadyand nothing in gi: particular\u2014and, with a variety: of shamsehath wood, sham i marbles; sham; mouldings, sham everyshing.«Perhapsthec want 1 of stylé is suficiently, expressed: when.we say that such a building 0 is.stylishsoButjiisurely in this.19th Céntury,:amougst neñ:who il are \u2018\u201ctheihdirs of all the ages) «ahd to whom science has,s0 widely 3 opened the doors of hep tveasure-housssr\u2014wihen the.caffers of : the 4 rich are filled with the gold of Australia, and{the silven of Arigong, \u2018andwhenithousandsof skilled.werkmen are ready forem ployment 4 bh «men ought to.be doing more foit Art and: Religion, for-Huménitÿ 3 ; and: God, thah was æwertdone:beforé Las.isn 00 5 dro porte 57 wen i -t \u2018'Wécare not \u2018altogether withomt:signs.of ia devival, - The: most bepeful isthe apprebiation by.Christiane of all Benominations|of the fitness of Gothic: buildings for church negmivementsi- This is.clearly shown in the numberof Buch.buildings erected lof late years\u2014many of them handsome strugéures] such agit.Andress and St.Paul\u2019s in Montreal._ Even the esthetic craze\u201d of the present day, seems to \u2018show Wstifring oF'the dry bones of buried 'Avt; and it! is pogsible that sien aid womelt] endowed withthe organo Form \u2018ahd (Colour; may Five front.the puirstingibf imiti- tion\u2019 platters did satin\u2019 sereens} fron the aderning: off candlesticks and pitkle-jars, antk from attempes dois live pp to J obpolesetea-pots Lumaly rise) B:sayjoctofhediandlin their right mindjlinto an myppre- ciation of better things-\u2014intéthe:cifihsoionbiess of the pessibilities of'Art, toikim thät'Velioveth+magÿ Erinlois0fthe spänit oéAholiab and Bézaléol ti and earnestly-combinibg ic glorify the.one Godiand Father, may work out a twentieth eénsiry style of Art which shall bear HOLINESS TO» PHE LORD in itd wéry fotediiont; as \u2018the \u2018High Pritets mittre did wf oldis:zeisnati oil te niot andiodexiicf Nyro b u OUTLINES OF ENGLISH LITERATURE.£33 Bf \u2018such a results to.be effected it neast be largely owing te the teachings of those te owhromuis committed: the task, not only of storing the memories, amtoforming the.manners of the rising generation; but alse of maulding their tastes.In the full conecious- ness of this, I commend inyiSubject to yaur earnest consideration obosimg with the reflection whieh I wish to leaveinpon your minds: \u2014 The.sense of the need must precede the demand; which will bring forth -Handsbooks of Art; Schools of.: Design, and other moe advaneed agencies towards the end.im:view.: LST CY 13349 La à alte {1 ER Yo dere cl of; ro lai Co LÉ 4 Led TOR 000 Li 1 Li AE OUTLINES OF ENGLISH LITERATURE, No, XII.«> XL 1 - Dante, Petrarch Und Boccdceis.+ = 7 aN où dd 22 © ii \u20ac ,( #4 D ew ete! CT : Br Cuas, BE.Movgg, B.A.GA AS 5 NS \u2018Irauy.: \u2018Pé'dawn : rise of the\u201cfirst Italian litérary triumvirate, Dante, 'Petrdaréh and Boccaccio.The history of Italy is the history offfetid.When Dante was born (1265) each of the great cities in the horth of* Italy spoke a dialect which its neighbours despised ; \u2018each wagthe contre of a political activity essentially its own.Heart- stirihg conflict called forth the energie of the first Italian literary triumvirate\u2019 \u2018Florence, Dante\u2019s birth-place, was conspicuous in thd strife! Po inderstand clearly \u2018the position of affairs, the history of the'\u201cGuelf-Ghibelline factions should\u2019 be studied.Their sdrce Wal Gerrany; then imperialty one with Italy.The Italian Cities Were mainly Guelf, the nobles Ghibelfine.Dante fought on the Guelf side, (Campaldino) but when the Guelfs leagued with the Pope and endeavoured to introduce French rule into Italy, Dante changed sides, because Ghibelline meant national unity, and the removal of Italy\u2019s cancer, a thoroughly debased church, aiming at temporal power.During Dante\u2019s Boyhood Florencé was famous for commercial enterprise and for fine art\u2014Cimabue, Michael Angelo.When Dante bega literary work the troubadour element was strong\u2019; this element was blended with Neo-Platonism.Royalty and \u2018mobility all: over the south and west of Europe joined the band:of:the troubadours; Richard I of \u201cEngland among them .Ladies; imbued with troubadour spirit: instituted Coutts of \u2018Tuove, whichitried in Platonic fashion; every kindof love prob! lems -These.comrts drew: up long codes of.love.:TMroubadouy impulse expressed itself alsosin Floral Games; of Which those of ee 2 Rh 234 HAT REE EDUCATIONAL ORECORDL 1G Qlembntina Isaure; Cobntess of \u201cBoulouse;: are best knawa,i-Odes, sommets, \u2018canzont, were read ;:a-vidletiimfrought of.:gold was the prizes; a poet who gained.it thwee times:earnedi the title Docker.Similarly) ithe sdreation of: poets-lanreate was: revived.i Virgil, dlorace)Btatius, had been erowned with thé laurel; when\u2018Rome-was atlits: aenith jieqile Ithlints copied their ancestors, andi homouréd Petrarch in ilike! fashion: «1 Frederdckill of Siciljandshis* son Manfred #4 illustrious ik#loes,\u201d who -¢ folldwed after dlegdhce.and scorned what was mear*i-thus Dante Writes of them-+\u2014were:rés: ponsible for mugh of this.Lastly, it is to be expected that allegory, arising from Neo-Platonism, had obtained fair foothold in Italy orl Bho rd Tt + tJ Hehlx Wil Her AAT DANTE made a dialect, (Sicdiap) a literary language (Italian).His Italian works, for he wrote also in Latin, are allegorical.The Vita Nuova or New Tike, % podin consisting\u2019 of sonnets and other troubadour forms of yergificatign, expresses in a mystical way.his oye, for Beatrice; Bor tigariy | atri ice, having margied another, died: young.la \u201cessnage, hisr grief; Dante, \u201c tgolz to reading; the book, nat known to.many students, of, Beathins, wherewith, un happy 2 and.Ânsesile; he had somfor ted, himself)\u2019; [ante judges that philosophy Was, à thing sipr emg\u201d, and,\u201c imagined her.ip fashion Je a gentle lady.\u201d The jh was, that he wrote his Canujtg;or Banquet (Italian, prose) wherein: Beatrice symbolizes phidasophy.Than follows.the ; Diving Copypedia, or: Divine Comedy; called a comedy, hacanse, its; ending ishappy- At, consisia af thiop pats, the, Inferng, .the \u2018Purgatorio, ithe Baradige.i Jn, the Inferno, | Vixgi] guides: Dante, through, Fell, whose, lowestodepth.reaches to; earth\u2019s centre.The, choices of Virgil shows the, qmergence of the, classios, from, the Dark Ages.In the, Purgatorio, Dante agsends, the, mount, of, Rurgatory, situated in the earth exactly opposite Hel.Ini the Paradiso; Dante visita.the planets which were, made to yevolve jaround the: carthi, and finally reaches Heaven, whene Beatrice.dwells.Beatrice, per sonaln symbolic raps through alliDantels wiark from the Vita Nnowa to the end.of theRivine Comedy.The Divine.Conedy contains allegory of.a voy doops, ehanacter, philoso phy-oiGeek, Latin and Arabiakonlts ain, ds) asomach, political asafetigions ;'Ttaly, > distraetetl with factions, gud especially Florende, poor.Flerence, lata to.take warding fiom, the fhite of .conrupsiRopes, priestsy wdrriomoand-stitesmen.FraNgEsS00; PRTRARCH): horn, at A nezze, 1304, expressed in axwysti- OUMILINES OX ENGLISH | LITERATURE.235 cal waÿ/His lovel fon Laura, inl this) Sonnets) Laura, if person, might have been Laurgtte de Ngwes, whom Petrarch did not marry; but Laura in Petarch's eyes is largely symbolic.The fame of Petrarch's sonnets established, the sonnet in Europe.A Sopnet Codd de i epidemic\u2019 raged ; + the commonest people became.sonhéteers, and J tel Lt nl 3e por men become rich.by.Teciting \u2018and discussing Derdrdh Petrarch com\u2019 plained of! the, strained allegory to \u2018which h Nad DT la ! Ci Vie .Le.wa subjec ted.is favorite\u2019 authors were icero, irgi eneca, Lis 5 in, Gicero an\" \u2018Sen ech he.found all he wanted.Battareh could ob brea : away en Ÿ ef eters of Latin.He wrote a long su 1 06 epic, Africa, in Latin verse, \u2018commemorating\u2019 \u2018the \u2018deeds of \"Sei io CT Africanus, ; His gonnets have ,quickened literatur = down to.ar vos J \u201chis Africa is \u201cpractically unknown.e turned into SM Latin th th tale\u2019 of the Patient Griselda from the Decameron of his friend A cance born\u2019 1313, at.Florence\u2014a good, G reek scholar; he, wrote a commentary on part of.Dante: 5 Tnfexno, and was made public lectnrer.on Dantels.Divine Comedy.His writings arerin Latin:and Italian.\u2018Among the Italian stands his Decameron the firsh popular tale book inithé.Rnwlance languages, He: died in 1376p when Chaucer was thirty#ivie yearsield.v.11 15 1+.Loitnio: AEM sie pe ira a Sse die Groh host ait od Bin doe an ord, ir, Tivo hoe gil ; cad of | vtt codé », Mythology, of A fy On Feb.25, Mr, Watkiss Liloy d delivered à lecture at He oyal.RENT .London, upon the 3 Mytholog f Homer, \u2019He Boba by describiiig the development of Greek Mythology, by \u2018free and unrestrained use of the imagination; He thdn commented on the relation.of the Homeric mythology othe \u2018oveywhelming religious sentiment, which recognises a great.intgl- dents i ay Wi power, or powers, behind, all forces, of nature\u2014 ous feeling which underli ies all forms of \u2018worship,\u2019 an Which, ore especially in early\u2019 ages, ténded £5 the dss of \u2018pébtié bris of éxpresbion.The mytholo gy édopted and embellished by Homer, Mr.Lloyd said, had already forfeited this simple religions , Sharacter j 4nd qe cited the pious Herodotus, as.a witness tg.the conventional religion of his time, and of its slight c connection with Homer\u2019s gods and dddessds.In referético to Wélcker's theory that Hoiher was the first to'dävancé beyond the batBhrie ftrms\"éf religion, by eotbinirig\"the attributes:of humanityrwäth the elemens tak powers of nature; My.Lloyd demonstrated that ifn Hesiod ard emer, we havenot the first awakening germs of mythology, but t e extreme ripeness, which led Q a revulsion and a reaction, an à rétürn to thé ancient simple religion of Dionysius and Demeter, pecially hit Athens\u2019 hd np sis.\u201c Phisrévival was 'heïghténéd by the development of mysteries.\u2014Tllustrated \\RDondon' News: tii A \" J RARE RARE FREE SIREN 236 AST THR EDUCATIONAL RECORD.: GARDINER'S.INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH: HISTORY.Jorn Blo dog ds SNC Comtinnibd From p.\u201c196.3» mod oT yl a\\'Y Si fodepy oo 7 Cu \u2018re TUDOR\" sono.et bord SOT BM i dor Pies the middle Classes the protection o à #r E on goyernm ment.No armies could be levied except in \u2018his name; \u2018par- liamen 1 fs wi were mere inst} juthients | in his hands; juries were ready 0 convie \u201cthose whom he \u201cbrought, to trial.\u2018The forms, pévières, of the 0 \u2018égnstitution continued.\u201d In\u2019 one vy he made 8.chan ii 1h viz, by extendinig An ower of the court of Star r Chamber.i Became; a \u2018weapon in il hé Bards of the Tudors to stifice dojrn io op) )FORSOTS., we yO vg iy =i À he World fg wl id to the.end of the Middle Ag Aves.pen A he w Vu OH der Cela} he ideals \u2018of the past were gone ; the science of the TX ages a le, à luughing-stock.\u2018 \u2018\u2019The médieval saints were dll dead, énd \u2018Had Téttho duccesbors; Pie mediéval \u20ac éhlureh' had Décbimè \u2018either à sink of \u2018cortäption, br ht'the Best, \u2018ahouge ofddleness.#4 .\u2018Nof'wéré other ideals readily af:hand.The king sik no longer a pi lord dôr whom one would be ready to die, but-ainere guardntee against 108, like'a firesinsnrance \u2018office in modern times.it Aséciety withononidealsbut-\\self-preservation is\u2018doomed to dissolution, and a new ideal \"was rio presented by: the Renaissance the intellectual and artistic reversal of the asceticism of the Middle Ages.6 Men turned to, human life and beauty, to human art and science \u201d, Bt its.néver : among, the peoplë\" who! give birth to new, ideas.chat those ideas, attain to their healthiest \u2018development.Hence the &uperiority.of Colet and More to Pulci.and Machiavelli.Henry VII Ivras the incartation of his age.i He satisfied.\u201c his lust under: NS \u2018forms of (marrisgé 4nd his'wrath under the fori \u2018of legal | procedure.\u201d He broke ith Rome from a purely\u2019; personal motiy buf Justified his, acts hy \u2018reforming the church, though he did not purpose to go further than the purification.of the.redd Christianity: \u2018hy an admixture of iritelleéthäl critieism and moral Sard ties.By, placing Himself at\u2019 the head of this work he.became 1 more, despotie 1} than before.'* The spirit of the Renaissance Was pat: 4 spirit; of: liberty, the .prptest.of More and Figher was made in.the game of a system that wes dead, - What was, wanted to quickett thoispiritual ;powers!intg: \u2018new life and to be - the com- mbit bf! the mow Tesirh High Was the ideal of Protestahtidin.* Titik agditi was, 1 ju ntaginiapn with the medieval church, go] Man was b to be made righteous by faith\u2019; the clue to his life was to ha found within andsnotvébhont.csv.aise pu ques YT RA Ss Ha) TRIER GARDINER SINMODUGION TO MNGEISH HISTORY.28H elke Bf guokilureligion dad muéh:in'comimon with the new learsing;it was opposed;to:ihin many points.\u2019 dike the net learning, site airpngtx lay in(the gulfivation of the powers of many pot im their destraptions; Like Be new Jearaine it ChePghod, Pas dercionmept © intelligence and regsof, Hub ft not, like the new leagning, regard culture as an end in itself; still less did j look tipoh the world'ärôund äs thé \u2018instrumétit dt felt.indulgdics.| The Bl.testant-Hungered and thivsted aftét Yighteousness'that he might mak \u2018others Better thaki-thèÿ.wéfte before\u2019?! 113\u2018 uns a od adw Lise br Owifig téthl\"different ideas\u2019 éf the Renaissance \u2018and Protes- tantisti\u2019 à Bed Ullange passed over Bhgland iff the half éottary S000.Tn goed dane ns a) voa y a) de 5 BTR) that followed the battle of Bosworth.We have Bow à peo Je occupied with the highest objects of thought; at the same time wo rd edtprised by the ditetsity'nd whll us by thie ibébity of the effoit.(re IRE JU TR 0 ch Lo rd ald \u201cTr pgp S Gl Anitd 'v eu ges JEU | Le cite\u201d fe us « Thére was \u2018infinite life, fnfinite \u2018variety of ideul, \u2018of aim, anf 3t cHatté ey, Bit there wis nd breach of bontinuity.There! wéte partes ot every Kirld, bik thetewas'a stiong nafiondl dife animating them all.\u2026.1itl Theigweat politicdl/ided of 4he.age.was expiessad in its favourite polibiosk) herm-nihe commonweglfh.'©.- aint coord ae ohpe oad eo Tia leon A¥ thedeid of the Commonwestth was Hendy taking sidemeither Withextréme\u2018Cätholits;iriof Withlextemel Protestantauta strong POLIHON which the governmetit YkétôR\"{d' the \u2018Péigà\"oP His Hott.For the courtiers entered into an alliance With'the éxtréthé Pro tastanth\u2018and'while tHe'latter introdusedi changed 'thatshopied the nidjorithof thet nution; the former Oppressed the poor and atien- ated them by ' convdrting arabld fabid into pasture\u2019 » Bdward's dle wea! i welddme riddance to the ation fron: 4h handfhl of téligiousthéoriste; supported by ah uhprineipled band of robbers who chobe to style themselves a\u2019 government.\u2019 The! readtionu of Mhry\u2019s pdign disgusted the dation in turn with Catholicism: The Ohareli\u2019 wasiTdid at the feet of the pope and \u2018the Btatent the! feet of Spain.3 Chilis \u2018Was Tost andiithe Protestants néw becoms amob- jet ofipity owing to the! fidied perséeution itheyhad endurbdy it THE de two reigns had shown! the impossibility of governing \u2018Buglatid by means: of extremist and\u201d Blizabetktook :ap: the\"pobl- tion of Henry\" VITE; i This wad\u2019 no easy mattbr agithe.central pitty on\u2019 whith: Henry fiad vetidd was scarcely any lodgem iit eX- isteticel There Were tio!iftival systomi of Catholicism: and Osl- ifs Hostile: to one jakiother;.Elizabeth; \u2018therefore; without aiming at a #arrow and cobsistent orthodoxy; took the Churdh into her own \u2018hands''as afifeans ofrkeeping the elergytin onder.with RO RER 288 O1 ts WEEE BDUOATIONAL BECORD:, 410 12 the theory that nothing was te he rejected, whieh could.not \u201cbe prove dae by seriptore.| Her strength lay\"\u2018in herrcharactèr as eséntihk the Commiôntrealth and the secular party.\" Elizabeth had \"be on thé defensive, atid Tn \u2018hétfor eign relations \u2018played off France.and Spain against each other, Her difficultiès, were ag gravated when her Catholic vival, Mary, sought refuge in \u201cEngland, and when Protestantism was assailed by its new foe-\u2014the Jesuit: 444 In opposition to the self-contained religion of the.Fratestanis.appeared rom, 94 religion, whigh; treated» rthe individual gonscience | with contempt, he extravagance of discipline appeared as, fhe oppogent.of the\u2019 extravagan e of oh religion.\u201d : sit aor addi de 7 A enads ro rtjao Li edd fn red + OR the other.pide was (the.Puritan, who would | have, pubsti uted for the \u201ctyranny of an ecclesiastical monarchy\u201d the \u201c tyranny of an, ecclesiastical demoeragy.\u201d In her battle with the Pope the Buritan ppixit was.necessary, to Flizabeth,, yet to concede ; too mugh do Puritans was to offend: the.greater.part.of her people, Out of thdse different infliehces Tlizabeth moulded herchurch.The national spirit of the people was her best friend, so thig® suitor 94.Gsadoäliy, in oppbsition bo the.common enemy; the religions forme which, inthe beginning:of the.tpign, hag hardly any partisans at all, were adopter Wa the mmoderate, men of) Phpagties.though there pere, still left.m many w ho wished them to be, modif 5° 4 ila (aod ns oa ut 105 off tie % 1 The/apitit of the Renaissgnée war-at work; f blunting the edge of t'aligions-centroversy Protestant as in.Spencer, bug jmithe adain, 4s in Shakespeare; nebthar Catholic nor Protestant, partakin g \u2018neither of the asceticism of the monk, nor, of the religious: self- restraint.of the Puritan.- Under Elizaheth, England came to :be \u20181, morally: and, intellectually the centre of European civilization; yét had she/loriginated nothing of her own.The dominant idpa of the Reformers was; derived drom Germany ; of thg- Puritaus, from Geneva ;r0f- thaCatholics, from Rome and Spain; -of Literature, from Italy It.was.the blending of all these together that made England great, iémd.- her: gr eatness ioulminated in Shakespeare, Hooker'and Bacon.Fhe.cpmpletion.of this work of which Eliza beth.was.the leader; xesulted in the-new growth'of the power of Parliament.At.the beginning of ler weign she had been a mugh better representative of the nation than the House of, Commons, bat by the end.of it the, central national party had grown, strang and this parsy was best represented in the ommons: :.5; mi .# The cause of theft weakness in the divisions ofithe nation was atran end.PC su IERIE CTR RI TR RR TR oa ye dys I ay Ce tt EE GARDINER\u2019S TNTROPUOTION HO ENGLISH HISTORY.239 They were\u2019strong ir 1603 48 \u2018the éhbodiment of' national desire Wiick' as net even in existence in1658: { .\u2018\u201c.: In 44Bb54hey were Bit\u2019 Addown?trodden portion of the Englisls people looking out fora strong ruler ba defend their cause.In 1603 they were almost \u201csante, with the mation, tlh with aims and ideas of their pwn.\u201d - Ps del guet noe The success.of Queen Blizaboth\" 8 policy had, called this Dew, power into existence.\u2018 cooad Led boo etl \u201cTRE STRUGGLE BETWEEN KING AND PARLIAMENT.9 The House of Commons would now häve to take a larger pui in the direction of affairs than it had taken before.The supremacy of the State once admitted, liberty of speech and thought becomes a necessity, and such liberty \u201c creates an \u2018organization higher and nobler than that which it has destroyed,\u201d Such a change, however, could not, he effected, without a struggle.When James I came to the throne, he: brought with him.no practical knowledge of the English char acter, andisurrounded himself with courtiers who had little influence with the nation.While the Commons were disposed to favour the Puritans, he wished to tolerate the Catholics.Te took thé most unpopular step of his life when he planned a Spanish marriage for His son, to be accom: panied by concessions to the Catholics.The domestic govern: ment of James was so unsatisfactory that the parliament of! 1621 met with\u2019 a' settled distrust: of the whole system; at'home and abroad.They swept away the monopolies and prosecuted Lord Bacon.The failure of the foreign policy \u2018of James and Charles discredited the monarchy in the eyes: of the people, laid the authority which Elizabeth had possessed passed to the/ House of Commons when Charles wal forced to assent to the .Petitiom of Rights.The Commons at once begat to reform tlie Chufch.If Charles had his way, the wishes of thé\u2018hation \u2018Would'bè no longer a consulted in Church and State; if the Commons got\u2019 their way, toleration would be at an end and Calvinism dominant.Thus a quarrel between King and Commons was inevitable and in 1629 began a period of Government without Parliament.\u201cThe King Rad now the whole nation agaïnst hiÿ\\.\u201c)Datératère, in \u2018the persox: of Milton, \u2018passed:.to the.side of ths opposition Laud\u2019s eéblesiasticat governitônt Elhusod: thd barrier whith divided: the Elizabethan Puritan from the the merely.Protestant churehr man to be\u2019broken down, and the name of Puritän'bétaine: pee di«4iThe Sehoolmaster,\u201d onthe dress of scheol children.\u2014Mr.Mundella will perhapiisé Tis way to the embodiment of some sumptuary regulations in his New Code.It would be well to lay down what may be worn by the pupils and teachers of elementary schools in the way of âress and'ornaments.We should then have no such casës as thos which have recently occupied the attention of the Horskatn' \u2018School Bord and the magistrate at Hammersmith Policé-tôurt: In the former case the son of a local butcher was sent Hôliie becatjge he came to school\u2019 wearing à blue smock, and {ithe atte édse a girl was fefdsed hdmission to à school because she had Been sent with her hair in curl-papers, and the mistress thought if she' allowed op papers the children might atténd in finery.There 'seems\u2019 to\u2019 have been some 'reagon for the.master refusing\u2019 to take the boy \u2018fi the blab sock, since the garment in question was sild td \u201cbe so greasy SH it attracted the derisive Dini ot \u2018 a. RTE ARI 8 AR: BUS BL TE eat JU\" 386 \u201cYui BHGCANMONAY \u2018Eicon Cane te alvin Fr a Ta eh wf ee nôtice of tite Other sokiolhiré ut wé find nothifi of the sort stated of the curl-papers, arid are at \u2018a loss to, Understand thé Aétion of the: mistress in question.She has a right tô insist upon children being sent clean and tidy to school, and may use her moral suasion to induce them té atlopt 'what she\u2019 may tonsidet thé most becoming waytof dregsing theie hair.Bus, to abject.to, curl-paper.on the ground that ib.was her duty to disgonrageifinery,was taking far top.muchsipon herself.Teachers hawe no night to interfere with the way in which.parents may choose to dress their children, unless it can be shown that it involves a real hindrance to schoal work.lf theyjcthink the ehildren are dressed with bad taste, let them do theix best ta/improve their taste,:bnt to refuge admission to.sehoo] om any: sugh ground would probably lead.ta,@à-lass of grant.CCL ah Tod el Sabb taney on vob sti ey Intellectiial Progress as'tbsted by Bhcyclopédias\u2014Shfficient {8 now before the public to edition of this national work.If it would be unjust to compare Prof Baÿnes to Diderot, and his coadjutors to the Eheyclopedists of the most influential « Bricy¢lopéllie\u201d the world: has yet seen, it mist be granted that the new édition Shows as à great revoltition ir thought.The old analysis first syStethaticdlly expounded in thë \u2018 Encyclopédie\u2019 hiis' given way to the new historical school, whiéh\u2019 hds, conquered dll down the liné.It'is curiots'to refièct how féw are thé names to which can be traced back\u2019the influences which have \u2018made these volumes what they are: Mr.Darwin, Sir W.Thomson, Prof Stubbs, Sir H.S.Maine, Mr, Hutchinson Stirling, Mr.Spencer, Prof.M.Müller, ahd Mr.Matthew Arnold almost sum up the \u201c seminal \u201d influencès at work in England duriñg thé past quarter, of a century in science, history, law, philoso hy, philology, ee criticism.Éxcept in\u2019 physics, the whole movement A à t oui À + 11544 is | be summed up in one word\u2014developmpent \"We now seek to j i + know not so much what a thing is'as how it'éame tôbe.This tone of thought, is predominant inthe * Encyclopedia.and, at times leads to_a neglect of the.factsiin the search after their history.\u2014 The ; Athenieum: vad w i! fluor ep Veo \u20ac, ru en ischol* 1 \u2026 The Schoolmaster,\u2014Why are we.never \u2018quite at our ease in the presence of a, schoolmaster, 2\u2014because we are gonscious that he is not quite af ease; in ours, He is awkward, and out of place in the society, pf his equals., He comes, like, Gulliver from among his little people, and he cannof fit.the stature of his ppdorsten in 22 yonrs.He cannot meet yon on the square.e wants a point given him, like an indifferent whisf-player.Heis so used to teaching, that he wants to, be teaching you, One of these professors, upon my, epmplaining that, these little, sketches of mine were anything but methodical, and that, I was unable to make them otherwise, kindly offered to.instrnet me in the method hy which young gentlemen in Ais seminary were taught to compose English he As enablet to judge of thecharactér of the Hinth' sas 5 Ou: ce Ea SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.26% thetnes, He jesté'of\u2018arschoolmastet âre course où ja \u201cThey do\u2019 not, tell out of, school, He, is under the restraint of a formal of, didactive hypocrisy in.company, as a clergyman is under à moral one.\u2018 Ho can no more let his intellect loose in society than the other can hig inclinations.He is forlorn amohg his ¢devals; his jithiors éaringt be his friefids.\u2014 Charles Lamb.EE sh fre ; : Competitive Esamination.\u2014Thie: system of appeintment:by coms petitive examination is now so firmly established tht it \u2018would be idle to \u2018Seek to dldlish it, even if any one seridusly wished'td return\u2019 tai the old practice ; but it does not seem at.all impossible to modify and temper! its practical working, so as greatly to diminish the daigers which'its continuance inyolves.No bétter employment could be found for the reflections of à far-seeing statesman, and'to such we may recommend the emphatic uttérances of.Professor, Huxley, following on those of other weighty authorities.\u201cThe educational abomination of desolation of the -present day, is the stim'ülation of young people to work at high pressure by incessant competitive examinations.\u201d \u201c The vigor and freshness which should have been stored up for the purposes of the.hard struggle for existence in practical life, have been washed out of them py precocious mental .debaucheyy, by.book-gluttony and lesson- bibbing.\u201d\u2014 The: Spettator.3 1+ 115 4 mad ad Reform.at.Cambridge \u2014The (fambridge Board of Modern, and, Medieval Langnages have drawn up: a scheme for 8 new special examination for\u2019 the ordinary B.A.degree, of which English language and literature, with either French or German language snd literature, should bé the subjects.It is suggested that this is but a reasonable extension of the Iocal and other examinations held under university sanction, and.will be a step towards recognizing the increasing amount of study of modern language in public schools, Meanwhile an influential syndicate has been appointed to consider the ;whole question.of ordinary degree examinations, amd those preliminary to honours or to eommeneing residence in thé unfvérsity.This is but a pendant to the:thorough revision of the\u2019 Cambridge Tripos \u2018scheme which has recently been carried out, The Athenædm.\"1 NS OnE aed pet bo he no ; SI Pare rs gor \u201c SCIENTIFIC DEPARTMENT.: : \u2026.i Wistran - Langtace OF THE Moun BuiLDk 13 \u2014ASSINIBÔINE | AND j Bip Écrit | VATgas \u2014FORESTRY IN Amrica\u2014Tue Wars\u2019 Caitor-_Tyukor ; C4 i, .MILK TEST\u2014ACTION OF ELECTRIC Lieux oN VEGETATION N DAS DORE bons bi ; Ile previotd number of the Ricorp attention was called'to the fact that the Davenport' Academy of Science was in possession of the only ktiown re- tiaifls of thé writtén language of the Mound Builders.Knéwiiig the! great vhlue of Tihgualé hl determining thé affinities of a people! it was Noped \u2018thet if this Davenport thblet'could Be \u2018deciphered it would throw mich light on the ofigiti: \u2018of the early dwellett*in- dur Western land.The\u2019 ast\u2019 number \u2018of hz American Antightiian contains'a paper by Rev.Professor Campbell of the Pred ot AE AR SEEN 468 THE, EDJUATIONAL RECORD.RyterjamQo as 0e this city on \u201c Proposed Reading of the Davenpert Tablet,\u201d With the aid of very plain diagrams the Professor removes every doubt as to\u2019 the faldt' of a'clofe otetmblanceL in \u2018some instances dmounting to\u2019 identity\u2014 étisting'betiveéti the! th@iractets used: by thé ancient Hittites of Western Asia intitheir inscriptions and.those)employed \u2018by the \u2018Aztecs of Mexieo and the: « pdound; builders 7\" of, he northern and middle States, ., Another digcovery (of, no small significance is that of a marked resemblance hetween these ancient alphabets and that now in use among the natives of the Corean peninsula.\" These remarkable discoveries will undoubtedly, as the learned discoverer says, serve fo \u201clink the old world with the new, destroy many ethnological theorigs, and prove a stepping;stone to a truer science of the past in this continent,\u2019 Ih Auch bas.Beeri-writben \u2018concerning the water used for drinking purposes in thé North-West, and several analyses of the waters of the Assiniboine and Red: rivers have been pyhlished, but nope of the analyses are of recent date., The.writer has just completed an examination of samples of water from thesé two streams, With the following results, expressed in grains per imperial galton\u2019 0f'70,000 grains, * * / ot a FU, ati S2F \u20ac 0 stebone Stow 0 Assiniboine, \u2018Red River.i