The vindicator and Canada advertiser, 1 juillet 1831, vendredi 1 juillet 1831

[" a + U VOL.III ~1 MONTREAL, FRIDAY EVENING JULY 1, 1831.re ttre gn a ay mf NO 104 Botand, \u2018From the: American Quarterly Review, Continued from our lust, On the accession of Stanislaus, it was haped that a more moderate and equitable spirit would prevail.Stanislaus himself (avoured the cause of religious freedom.The dissidents made a very moderato request fur the establishment of frees dom of worship, without claiming the restitution of all their franchises.The zealots, strengthened by the opponents of the king, would concede absolutely nothing; and, as in politics, religious parties have always exhibited the most dead! hostility, so in this case Poland was more distracted than ever.The Russian ambassador immediately seized the npportu- nity of making Russian influence predominant under the mask of protecting liberty of conscience.The empress de- § - manded for the dissidents a perfect equality with the Catho- +lies ; and, amidst scenes of tumultuous discussion ang legislative frenzy, the - demand was rejected.The highest religious zeal became combined with\u2019 a detestation of Russian interference, and unbridied passion accomplishiud its utmost.The dissidents, unsuccessful in their application to the diet, confederated under Russian protection; and as the proceedings of the king had excited a vague apprehension of some encroachments on the privileges of the nobles, the confederates were joined by the opponents of the king also.In this way a general confederation was formed agreeubly to the established usage in Poland ; but the whole was under the guidance and controul of Repain, the Russian Ambassador.When the.general-diet was convened in 1767, so large a Russian army was already \u2018encämped in Polund, that Repnin ; was able to dictate the petitions and the complaints.which ; were to be presented for consideration.No foreign power interfered.France and Austria were exhausted ; and Frederic was careful to preserve 2 good understanding with his great Northern Ally.But with all this, some refractory spirits appeared in the diet.No:terrors could subdue the inflexible and impassioned spirit of Soltyk, \u2018Zaluski, and -the two Rzewuskis.And what was done by an\"ambassador of the foreign power in the capital of a free and mighty state ?Repnin ordered the resolute patriots to be seized by night and transported to Sibe- and Prussia bad expired in 1780, nor had the Empress been willing to renew it.On the contrary the alliance of Austria was preferred, and the new associates combined to engage in a war with the Porte.The purpose of dismembering the Turkish state was avowed, and the Poles foresaw full well, that their own territory would next be coveted.They therefore determined to shake off the intolerable yoke of fo- (reign inte: ference, and, observing that their constitution was absolutely in ruins, they ventured to attempt a reconstruction of their state.The condition of the public mind in France, had îts share ofinfluence.The Polish nobitity had Jong been partial to the language and manners of France.Nor were the two countries in situations wholly unlike.Both states were dis- orgunized ; ene was suffering from anarchy, the other tending to it; and both needed a renewal of their youth.On the Seine and an the Vistula, a new order of things was demanded.The United States had been the first in the world to introduce a written Constitution ; Poland was now the first country in Europe to imitate the example, | It was in October, 1788, that the revolutionary diet assembled at Warsaw.lt assembled tranquilly : for Austria and Russia were at war with the Porte, and Sweden had also threatened St.Petersburg from the north.Its first decree abolished the liberum veto.Henceforward, the will of the majority was to be the law.But even yet the spirit of faction was unsubdued.A 1 Russian party, \u2014a minority, it is true, yet, under the circumstances, a formidable one, introduced divisions into the diet.The Ling himself had not lofty independence enough to join heartily with the patriots, hut still continued to hope for the political safety of his country, from the clemency of Catha- rine.: A treaty of alliance with + Russia against the Porte, was proposed to the diet and rejected, in part, through the influ- eace of Prussia.It was next votedksto raise the Polish army, from 18,000 to 60,000 ; and, if possible, to 100,000 men.To effect this object, the nobility dnd clergy voluntarily submitted to taxation.The controul of the army whs entrusted not to the king, but to a special commission.Some foreign support was next desired ; and the political position of Prussia, gorged though she had been with the spoils of Poland, seemed yet under the reign of its wew king to offer a safe and resolute protector.The court of Berlin ria, Horror chilled the nation at the outrage, and the rage of dgspair filled all but the partisans of Russia.The ambas- \u201csaor of Catharine was now able to dictate to the diet all the decrees relating to the dissidents, aud all the other laws \u201cwhich were enacted at the sesgion.- It was plain, that he did ents ; .but-he took care to render fot-understand the dissid 4he continuänce of .Russian intesference necessary, for their \u2018lecurity., CL.; | 114 2 It was the misfortune of thie Polish patriots, thd the defence of their nationality became identified with the most furious form of religiqus bigotry.The diet had not terminated its session before a new confederhtion convened at Bar, and contending against -the Russians on the one hand, attempted to depose the king on the other.Dut the confederation was casily dissolved by the Russian army, and the leaders were obliged to fly for refuge beyond the fronticr.Thus the cause of the Poles seemed to be abandoned by all the world.The cflorts of the king were insignificant ;\u2014 the nobles many of them were in the pay of Itussia, the rest of them were divided by civil, religious, and family factions ; and England and France were idle spectators of the approaching dissolution of the Polish state.published to the world its determination to guarantee the in- {dependence of Poland, and to avoid all interference in its in- {ternal concerns.Stanislaus wavered, and evi side.The decision of \u201cparty of the patriots the Russian army jtution, and in soliciting.the concurrence .of other nations in repressing the unmeasured aggrandizement of Russia._ [These proceedings were not without effect ;\u2014in June of the following year, the ambassador of Catharine announced that her army had left Poland, and would not again cross its boundarivs, The dict now advanced to the work of framing a consti- [tution ; while the representatives of the third estate were, in ithe meanwhile, admitted to a seat in the assembly.i The alliance with Prussia was, however, delayed, partly by .means of Russian intriguo, but still more because Frederic , William demanded the cession of Dantzig.On this point, divisions ensued, which were never reconciled.But, in March, 1760, a treaty of prace and alliance between Poland evidently leaned to the Russign the diet at length won him over to the and Prussia was signed, containing a guarantee of cach! » .i\u2014and he agreed 10 ASsIst In'expeltimgçunesccessiully.3 June site the from the, Patish spil, in forming.a Be te | dered a general levy of the population.On the 4th af.July, Stormer of cities, commanded the ussault, It ensued on the -Yet one power there was, whose'ancient maxim would not others possessions, and a mutual pledge of assistance, in! allow a Russian army in Poland.While ull the Christian case of an attack from abroad.Should any foreign nation monarchs neglected or joined to pillage the unhappy land, attempt interference in the internal concerns of Poland, the the Porte declared war against the aggresssor.The issue of court of Berlin pledged itself to render every assistance by that contest is well known ; and the power of Russia was but Means of negociations, and, if they failed, to make use of its est - LE could accept a law, or postpone its consideration.The de- cient limits.Kosciusko , vas called from his retirement at cision was according to a majority of voices, The liberum Leipzig, to be the generalissimo of the Patriot army.\u201d A au velo was abolished ; confederations were prohibited as incon- {preme council was established, with plenary authority, il sistent with the genius of the constitution; and it was pro- the national independence should be recovered ; and then : vided, that after every quarter of a century, the constitution representative constitution was to be formed by n genera should be revised and amended.The executive, composed convention.| The movement was national : the Poles were of the king and his cabinet was bound to carry the laws into invited to vise in the defence of their country; and those effect; but it could neither number nor interpret them, nor between cighteen and twenty-seven years of age were to impose taxes, nor borrow money, nor declare Na nor rerve in the armies: tha elder men to constitute the mi- make peace, nor conclude treaties definitively.The crown litia.; ; censed to be elective, and was declared to be hereditary in Success beamed upon the ; first effort in the field ; and the family of the elector of Saxony.The judiciary shared the victory of Raclawice, April 4th 1794, breathed ingpiru- in the general improvement.:tion into every heart.The Prussian armies continued t eir The majority of the nation loudly applauded the results of, encroachments ; the Austrians offered no hope of succour : the diet, and the western cabinets of Europe were satisfied.und the king had declared in favor of the Russians But The British Parliament was eloquent in the praises of the the victory of Kosciusko inspired such hopes, that, just o new order of things, and Austria and Prussia united in ne-,Igelstrom was preparing to exile twenty-six men, w toh e gotiating with Russia for the recognition of the constitution, could not bend, and to disarm the Po ish karrison, the peo- and the indivisibility of Poland.,ble of Warsaw rose in arms.The Russians were de ea e : Catharine 11.preserved an ominous silence, till the peace More that 2000 fell ; an equal number were wade prison.of Jassy was concluded, and her armies were ready for ac- ers; Igelstrom, with the remainder fled from W arsgw,\u2014 tion.She then rejected the interference of the two powers, Thus was Good Friday celebrated in Poland, in 1794.at who had attempted to check her carecr,\u2014and, listening to.Ir was ominous, however, for the eventual! success o tha the requests of a few factious and misguided members of the patriots, that, though they were joined by Lithuania, the ancient Polish oligarchy, she proceeded to denounce the dismembered provinces made no moverments Lover s an an spirit of revolutions.The Polish diet rejoined with dignity surrection.In the Prussian, a strong wilitary police ra - \u2018and moderation, expressed its intentions of peace with res.tained wilitary quiet; in the Russian, there as sti | es pect to the rest of Europe, and published its determined re-|room for hope, since the peasantry new nt ling ; out solution to maintain the independence of its country, and its politics, and the nobility having in the exchange 0 o new form of government.It then applied to the neighbour.giance remained contented.Secret cabuls were atio active ing powers for assistance ;\u2014but Lucchesini, the Prussian in gaining partizans for the foreign powers ; some tendenci x envoy, gave evasive answers to all questions respecting an to the licentious influence o the Doe of the y factio.impendirg war, and especially avoided all written communi- Were observed with apprehension ; an ! 1e foie ° see cations; and the elector of Saxony, after some wavering, had not learnt to yield to the sentiment of general patrio- ine i i + his fa-| lism.ned the intended honour of the Polish crown fo his fa The supreme national council, now established in War.Meanwhile the war of Austria and Prussia against Irance saw, had neither money nor credit.Cracau surrendered to had begun, and now the way was open to Russia to invade the Prussians; Lithuania was given up after a hy Sa Poland.Lucchesini, the Prussian envoy, déclared, May (and though the Poles could have coped voor ons y wnt te à 4th, 1792, that his king had not participated in framing the, Prussians, yet the advance of Suwin row scemed to barter néw constitution and was not bound to its defence; while,'a fatal issue.On the 10th of October, the last parte in on the 18th of the same month, Cathafine censured the new which Kosciusko commanded, was bravely contestec i win government \u201c\u201cas adverse to Polish liberties,\u201d and declared cons2qaence of the faithlessness of one of his Bed - a- that she made war \u2018\u2018to rescue Poland from its oppressors,\u201d ninski, the Polish cavalry yielded.Loseiwoko ra a mad à While a confederation of factious refugees was made at Tar- Was thrown from, bis horse os sounded, Bo made gowitz, according to the ancient usage of the anarchy, the prisoner by the L088acks.nis l'uivniæ, Russians precipitated themselves upon the distracted king- e .dom in op greut masses.The Polos, under Joseph Paula.The contest now centered round Poor, vien vase towski and Kosciusko, fought with andaunted valour, but fended by a hundred cannon, and the flower Si thle On the 30th Ta ol.de nee of influite wisdom.It has yufluence sufficis vouriug me may depend où the samy punetual attens remitling to us the xmount, as they are aware that Boat WN, WALLACE on or about the them at their office at Prescott.artintown, r.Enwann Rocur, ont to enfarce very Renerul obedience.ft fs in.[tion a3 on persaal application.| afer to some of the expeese attending a weekly paper is enormous.20 or 2lst inst.8 GOLD AK Als witha TOPAZ (Signed) JOHN McPHERSON, Cornwall, Mr.Trosun Mansuaite ve god -witl More authority as a guardian of she {the first houses, \u2014smaog the rest to tbe Managers, o paper shall be forwarded to the country\u2019 in fu-| STONE, a little broken off on nne ide, with the ALEX.MeMILLAN Osuabruck, Ouanues C.Fannan Esq, ace than the highest magistracy.It acts os ai Mesirs Yatesand Mcintyre À Lottery is drawal \u20ac.£0 wi iout.the receipt of a quarter's subscription, arms of the McDONELL'S and à Motto, engraved SAMUEL CRANE.Hallowell, ~ Wiiian Ronxx Esq.pes tus) and universal restraint.The, system is hvory Thursday.Those who remit funds will he| ceandollar*) in advance: IVe will Jeel greatful on ity whoevar willcaturn itor give information where Prescott, 12th January, 1831 Belville, Mr.Huon Macxunis, pera perfection whew the Iabourers receive their supplied in the rst geod scheme and the letter with] ficle.y paperthat may copy the preceding ar {itis tobe found te Ma, MeCLCER IVaich Maker, * ' Colburne n McManan.| pay Upôn the performance of their task.Hod they | ta mailed seme days ore it is den At the nut Old Market or lo the Subscibers on buard shall be { Fem Te ==\" Coburg, J.G.Brruvz Eg, ok fu 3 olonged i same time the *\u201c eporter nterfeit Detector, = rewarded.: w ike ak \"he dance oF usa of ii be veut gui etai sre Soe, += = =| ent, GOBERRY I.11 McDONBLL, TO WHOLESALE AND RETAIL GROCERS Por Hope, D.Shane Eng tbe , aud.turn.aside, oftener, than they doy ings and full scheines.besides other usefu! informa WHIP FACTORY, Mentreal, 81: May, 1831 \u2018 b re M re re ITIGERALD.to walam ful est for present wraimtion, vention oi further state that | attend 28 ugua| to the I Me SUBSCRIBER be i leave.to}