Witness, 14 juillet 1937, mercredi 14 juillet 1937

[" WITNESS Working with those who are united in good will Established 1868.Vol XCIL, No.= Pn ake (ama a à land 6 bu.=I R Dag WITNESS EDITORS: Joun DoucaLt, Founder, 1845\u20141870 Joux REDPATE DOUGALL, 1870\u2014134 Farancx E.Dovauz, 1934\u2014 \u2018Tbe present Editer 16 the sole preprister.\u2018Address all business matters to the Firm Miltors and commentaioss are free te feproduce Whoew editorial, to the enon The Mitor of the Witness would be glad to receive à marked copy or page mataining say such quotation.i JOHN DOUGALL & SON, Publishers, P.0.Bez M0 Meniresl, Canada, Cable Address: WITNESS Montreal Mniered Second-cines matter July 15, 1986, at 100 Post Office #% Bt.Albans, Vermont, under the Ast of March 3, 1570 (Bec.$20, P, L.sod R.).The Week's Outlook SPANISH GOVERNMENT STILL HAS CHANCE ESPITE the rebel successes, particularly their victories at Malaga, Toledo and Bilbao, as the end of the first year of the Spanish Civil War approaches, the prospects of an ultimate Government win are brighter than at any time since the beginning of the revoit in July, 1036.The Loyalist forces which at the onset of the struggle consisted of raw, undisciplined levies, are now rapidly attaining equality in efficiency with Fran- to's Spanish divisions, even 1f they still fall short of that of his foreign auxillaries.The Loyalists, moreover, have the inspiration of fighting in defence of their country.A large proportion of their enemies consists of men who are simply hired mercenaries, of Moors who are as likely as not to turn against their leaders when they learn how they are being tricked by false promises and by payment in worthless currency.Then there are the Italians on the Franco side who sailed from their homeland under the impression they were about to colonize Ethiopia.How ineffective this conglomeration is when confronted by patriots who are adequately armed is being shown dally in the remarkably successful drives of the defenders of* Madrid against the armies that have siriven in vain for nine months to capture it.The reorganization of the Spanish army under the new Premier Negrin is fully justifying itself, It is also evident that the era of invertebrate policy of Britain and France in the face of the reckless and dishonorable scheming of Italy and Germany in Spain bas passed.Both Hitler and Mussolini have been politely Informed by Great Britain that Spanish territorial integrity will have to be respected.The ever-growing fccretions to British armaments pro-~ vide almost the only argument to which Messrs.Mussolini and Hitler are ready to pay attention.France, sick of the whole farce of a non- lntërvention that has but served the Purposes of the two dictators, has decided to undertake the supervision of her frontiers by her own forces.If free Passage of arms and munitions could be assured to the defenders of Spain, the rebellion would be as good as lost, for the ravagers, even with thelr tremendous foreign aid, are hopelessly outnumbered by a populace thatis so ly in favor of the Government -though differing in opinion and method \u2014 toward a better world .- JAPAN MARCHES AGAIN IN CHINA UE to her studied policy for years, Japan has again taken advantage of European preoccupation to extend her sway in the mainland of Asia.Troops are pouring into China in an endeavour to overawe the Central Chinese Government at Nanking into complying with Japenese Army chiefs\u2019 \u2018demands following a clash last week in the nelghbourhood of Peiping.The clash was precipitated by midnight manoeuvres of the Japanese army fully twelve miles within the Great Wall which delimits the frontier of China proper in that region.Pressure is being exerted upon the local government, the Hopei-Chahar Poli- - tlcal Council, by the Japanese leaders to accede to their demands, which include complete withdrawal of all Chinese troops from the troubled area, \u2014 which is all Chinese territory\u2014total suppression of all anti-Japanese movements and co-operation with Japan against Communism.This strategy of dealing with a subordinate government and persuading it to sign agree ments on matters over which it has no real jurisdiction is a favorite one of the Japanese generals, who are no mean diplomats.When the Central government repudiates an agreement, which it alone of all authoritative bodies in China is competent to conclude, Japan has thus a plausible ground for further aggression against China for fallure to live up to her \u201cagreement.\u201d It is as if Saskatchewan or Alberta agreed to cede their southern regions to the United States, without consulting in the least the Dominion Government at Ottawa.The Japanese military caste 1s conscious that its time of dominance may be short.Privation among the workers and peasants of the country threatens the huge annual military appropriations, radical movements are growing and some outside adventures are essential in the minds of the military leaders if the internal agitation is to be headed off successfully.Russia's military executions have disclosed _ that all 13 not well in the higher ranks- of the Soviet's military and political leaders.The Russian retreat from the disputed islands of the Amur in the face of Japanese activity, may have given Tokio hopes to believe that Moscow will not intervene against & further carving by Japanese knives of more chunks of China's helpless carcass.But Nanking has flatly announced that further Japanese advance will be opposed.That means a war in China, which, however it would likely be signalized at the beginning by striking Japanese victories, might easily culminate in the exhaustion of Japan or the complete overthrow of her present ruling clique.HITLER'S REACTION TO BINGHAM OR years the world has heard from the rulers of Germany and Italy about their readiness \u201cto face the world in defence of their honor\u201d about their \u201cinvincible determination to hurl back the imaginary enemy about their borders.\u201d These and other high sounding boasts are meant for home consumption in lieu of the things of sustenance which their respective peoples are already having to do without in order that their rulers may buy the guns that are \u201cbetter than butter.\u201d But it is quite a different matter if some other nation or any of its accredited representatives talks in aimi- lar strain.The reserved, dignified and carefully weighed remarks of Mr.v Robert W.Bingham, United States Ambassador to Great Britain, in his London speech on Independence Day were very far from being full of the rattle of sabres and the roar of guns.Indeed, they were wholly inspired by his nation\u2019s desire for a peaceful world.Mr.Bingham aimply referred to the necessity of arming forced upon his country and Great Britain by thre militaristic dictatorships.He also pointedly remarked that if dictatorships are better at preparing for war, the democracies are better at finishing them.It was meant to advise and calm those belligerent spirits which are breathing frightfulneas upon a world that does not want war.And the assertion of Mr.Bingham was amply confirmed by the story of the Great War.Yet it stirred up a hornet's nest in Germany, or rather among the little clique who are oppressing, betraying and shaming Germany before the eyes of the world.The regimented German press distributed all over the country an attack upon Mr.Bingham and took lssue with his statement.Germany and Italy, this propagandist editorial explained, had armament thrust upon them.No doubt ex-Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia is responsible for Italy's armaments, and possibly Czechoslovakia or Switzerland may be blamed for Germany's new and powerful navy.Instead of fuming at Mr, Bingham, the two dictators would do well to ponder on his statement and to take it to heart while there is yet time.Even Napoleon eventually came to grief at the hands of a democracy.Neither of the dictators has the genlus of the Corsican, however much one of them may seek to emulate him.The greatest enemy of the dictator is that spirit of the right of liberty that is said to be even in the worm that turns upon its enemy.The spirit of Democracy may erupt under the very throne of the dictator.If only the peoples of Germany and Italy could have a free press, platform, school and pulpit they would take care of their own dictators.And sooner or later they will revolt against being blindfolded and having their ears stuffed lest they become informed of the facts.THE IRISH ELECTIONS NDER Proportional Representation it took almost a week to arrive at the exact results of the Irish elections but an almost exact refiec- tion of political opinion in the country was produced.Mr.de Valera has a following of 69, Mr.Cosgrave 48, Labor 13, Independents 7, Independent Labor one.Thus \u201cFianna Fall\u201d is still the Government and Mr.de Valera President, but he holds his position by the skin of his teeth, his party being exactly equalled by the other parties combined.As he will supply the Speaker, he will be in a minority of one.It is like the old puzsle put up to the Post Office, whether a letter weighing exactly an ounce without the stamp, but a shade over with it, is liable to\u2019 excess postage.Labor will be in a position to hold the balance of power, much as the Irish Parlla- mentary Party held It more than once in the British Commons.One of Mr, Cosgrave's strong men, General Mulcahy, former Commander-in- Chief of the Free State army and a member of the Dall since its inception, was defeated in north-east Dublin by Jim Larkin, (Independent Labor).Larkin led the big strikes which tied up the Irish capital in 1911 and 1913.He was a close asso- MONTREAL, JULY 16, 1997.clate of James Connolly and raised the Citizen Army which forced the armed rising of 1916.Larkin at the time was in the United States, where he afterwards got Into trouble for \u201ccriminal anarchy.\u201d Among other successful candidates were the Alfred Byrnes, father and son, Independents.\u201cAlfie\u201d, senior, is in his eighth term as Lord Mayor of Dublin.He isevery- body's friend, having probably shaken hands with more people than any other man in Europe.Two women were elected, members of Mr.Cos- grave\u2019s party.One is Mrs.Bridget Redmond, daughter-in-law of the late John Redmond and widow of the beloved Captain \u201cWillie\u201d Redmond, who was killed serving with the British in the Great War.Une and Downs MR.COSGRAVE was elected in Cork by 1,000 votes more than the nearest Government candidate.Mr.de Valera in his Clare seat polled 4,573 votes below his record in 1937 when his constituency was smaller.His rather queer Constitution was given a majority, but not an enthusiastic one, many thousands marking their ballots both \u201cyes\u201d and \u201cno.\u201d \u2018Dublin Opinion\u2019 a month ago had a cartoon with the title \u201cA Dream of Fair Women.\u201d It depicts the President sleeping.Above him tower the shades of Maeve and Grania, two ancient Irish heroines, who threaten him with sword and spear, while they.ask, \u201cSay, big boy, about those Articles in the New Constitution .?\" The women\u2019s vote probably told against both the Government and the Constitution.There was also the general feeling that the President sought autocratic powers.The de Valera Government has falled to materially reduce unemployment.The retention of the land annuities has not put any money into the pockets of the man- in-the-street or the man-on-the- farm.New factories have been open- ea under protective duties or direct, subsidies, but the product in some instances is not up to the imported standard, and prices are high, increasing the cost of living.De Valera intends to carry on.He has declared that the Government, is Satisfied that its policy was justified and that it \u201cwill not be diverted from it either to the right or to the left by any form of political pressure.\u201d He may be defeated on a parliamentary vote at any time.Irish polities are in a very uncertain condition.MONTREAL CAUGHT NAPPING ANADIAN satisfaction at the successful trips of the two trans- Atlantic flying boats and at the arrival on this side of one of them, the Imperial Airways ship, Caledonia, must be tempered by the reflection that Canada was caught unprepared, a weak Instead of a strong factor in the new service.This country will shortly have its own transcontinental air service, part of a chain of all- British air routes round the world.But Montreal, a natural link not only in the route from Europe to this continent, but also on the most northerly Bast to West transcontinental route, had to receive the British plane last week at a hastily improvised air port opposite a village fourteen miles down the river.And Montreal is fortunate to have a suitable sheet of water so near to it.But surely a place could have been found that would have enabled the seaplane to alight near the > ation of the purpose of Britain contained the reservation \u201cit being clesr- ly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non- Jewish communities in Palestine.\u201d But that has not prevented respan- sible Jews from seriously suggesting that the Arab population of Palestine be transported to Trans-Jordania.This proposal has been opposed by equally influential Jews not, in some cases, out of concern for the Arabs, bat for fear that a future problem would be created when, the Jewish population of Palestine expanding, it would be necessary to anmex Trans- Jordania\u2014in the best approved imperialistic fashion\u2014and to push the Arab still farther out into the wilderness, In attempting to push out the Arabs without reason or sympathy, the Jew is in danger of vindicating the tactics of Hitler and other He- Montreal side of the river, saving the long journey via the Harbor Bridge.The Canadian metropolis has had easily ten years of warning to prepare to take its place as à terminus of the alr route from Europe for Canada and as a stopping place on the trip to the United States.Six years ago, when the R-100 crossed the cE ide by the St.Hubert airport on the other side of the St.Lawrence from metropolis as the only airport equipped with facilities for land- Ë stretches of suitable territory, such as that occupied by a private air company, which could have been made into a splendid airport convenient to the city.Instead of locking to à future that was almost upon them, Montreal's rulers have been occupled with ward politics and petty feuds.Of the millions of dollars squandered in recent years, or the crushing burden of debt piled up by patronage- dispensing councils, nothing was fore the æpent in making provision for a need that becomes greater with every advance in aviation in the world.g i fick! Ë EE $ i ÉFai any would be less human if not resent being cramped and pushed around in his own country by a better equipped, shrewder and more resourceful race.F PARTITIONING PALESTINE PPOSITION of both Jews and Arabs to the report of the Palestine Commission was foreseen.That the partition plan proposed for the Holy Land provokes equal condemnation from Arabs and Jews may prove its practicability because of its impartiality.For the complaint of Jew and Arab alike is that the plan concedes too much to the other.And both parties oppose retention of the area containing holy cities.Yet Jew and Arad alike would hotly resent the allocation of these cities to the other.That consideration no doubt was present in the minds of the Commissioners when they suggested division of Palestine into three parts like ancient Gaul, and like Palestine in the time of our Lord, which was divided into three sections, Judes, Sa- maria and Galilee.The three parts Britain under a convenion signed by now proposed are to eonsist of a Jew- the two nations in 1924 is bound to ish independent state, an Arad state, consult the United States in any and a portion under a permanent drastic political change contemplated British mandate.Members of the.for Palestine.The new constitution Commission envisage the emergence for the country must also receive the of the first Jewish independent state approval of the League of Nationa since the days of Titus.As a matter It will not therefore be something of sober fact one had to go back much hammered out by the British in de- further, to the days of King Zedekiah, fiance of woeld opinion, but will be the last monarch of Judah, to find a applied only if world opinion aceepts really independent Jewish state.The the plan.The American Zionist pronation which Titus uprooted and de- test comments that there were only stroyed in the capture of Jerusalem a \u201cfew hundred thousand Arabs in in AD.70 was far from being inde- Palestine\u201d when Britain took over the pendent.What Titus achieved was mandate and it complains that re- the suppression of a rebellion in a colony that had long been part of the Roman Empire.The diffcuity in Palestine bas hinged on the contradiction of essentially similar pieûges made to Jews and Arabe alike during the frantic bidding for allies in the Enst, aimost from the beginning of the Great War, The story of the resentment of Colonel T.E.Lawrence at the fallure to implement promises of independence which he made, with full authority, to the Arabs is one with which all the reading public is today familiar.Lord Jewish population Balfour's pledge was one of the creation of a National Homeland for the Jews in Palestine.But it .did not imply that the Arab in possession was te be turned owt bag and baggage.Enthusiastic Jews who so Interpreted it have been corrected on that point time and again.The Balfour Deciar- extravagant Arab demands have also to be earefully scrutinised.The Arad Higher Committee's assertion that \u201cPalestine does not belong to the Palestinian Arabs alone but to thé is one that the non-Moslem world.Whatever is to be the future of Palestine, the Christian nations of the world will never admit its exclusive possession by any non-Christian people.A group of distinguished Jews and Christians has signed a memorial to President Roosevelt asking him to intercede with the British Government in what it declares to be-a vis- lation of the conditions attached to the mandate.As a matter of fact WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, JULY 14, 1987.mandatory power stand with arms folded and let Jew and Arab fight it out?It is acknowledged the world over that the Jewish communities in Palestine have been maintained in the country only by British bayonets against the desire of the Arab to rise and sweep the Interlopers out in the ruthless extermination drives, which he learned from his Turkish master and co-religionist.Common gratitude and understanding of the tremendous difficulties confronting the mandatory power ought to have stilled captious criticism from Jewish leaders the world over.Instead of that, every now and then we have had scme Jewish leader here or in Europe getting a Arab from each other's throat.Commisdoners find that the Mandate itself is the source of mast of the trouble.Jewish and Arab aspirations are simply irreconcilable when the two races are cooped up in one state.The only alternative is to create special states in which one race will be on top and at liberty to travel its own path.Admittedly a makeshift, the plan has this to commend ît, that there is no practicable alternative in sight.Opposition members of the Arab Higher Committee have halfheartedly called for the creation of HE report of the Palestine Commission followed the lines forecast in the Witness some weeks ago.Gaillee and the fertile sea-coast plain is to be allotted to the Jews.The hill country of Samaria and Judea is to be linked up with Transjerdania as an Arab State.Britain, under a and the western side of the Sea of Galilee are shown by the maps as in Jewish territory, but the Commission would have these districts, so dear to an undivided country with the prohibition of further Jewish immigration and a free hand to deal with the Jows already in the country.The Jews, on the other hand, would like an undi- tacks.no matter what the provocation.It should be understood that though the non-Jewish population are classed as \u201cArabs\u201d a considerable proportion of them are of the old Canaanite stock.Joshua did mot make à complete job when he tried to exierminaie them.under all the changes of three thousand years.There is also a proportion of Christian \u201cArabs.\u201d Many of these are descendants of the Crusaders who settled in Palestine.H.V.Morton remarks on the European characteristics, the fair hair and blue eyes, prevalent among the Christian Arabs of Bethlehem.The Commissioners have showed wisdom in retaining these Christians under the mandate, also the Holy Places which, under the irony of history, have s0 often been a source of friction and bloodshed between Moslem and Jew, Moslem and Christian\u2014 and Christian and Christian.The ait.uation in Palestine is not unlike that in Ireland at the erection of the Free State.Two sections of a small population were bitterly opposed to each other largely on religious grounds.When the two women could not agree @s to which the baby belonged, Solo- man's advice was that it should be divided between them.Two of Jacob's sons were of an especially fierce disposition.His sentence was, \u201cI will divide them in Jacob and acatter them in Israel\u201d The ten tribes cut themselves loose trom Judah in the time of Rehoboam.The cry was \u201cTo your tents, O Israel: now see to thine own bouse, David.\u201d It seems that when people can\u2019t unite they have to be \u201cpartitioned.\u201d PUBLICITY DEPARTMENT F you are a newspaper proprietor and want to increase your circulation, become a dictator.Amaldo Cortesi, correspondent in Rome of the New York Times and Montreal Gazette, tells how Achille Starace, secre.tory-general of the Italian Pascist party has decreed that every member of the party must subacribe to Mr.Mussolini's personal paper, \u201cPopola dTtalia\"\u2014The Italian People.\u201d The implication will be that those who do not subscribe to his paper are opposed to him, a rather serious irolication, This will bring the circulation to about 2,000,000, diverting support from other papers and an immense revenue into I1 Duce\u2019s capacious pockets.Perhaps more important in his eyes, it will enable him with still more effect to declare the greatness of the Fas- system and its leader.Not long ago, Mr.Mussolini prokibited the en- growing old and ugly commanded Mussolini is running true te form with some of his admired Roman Emperors.Starting off sometimes as men of ability, they became intoxicated their own greatness.Then lest they should hear anyone question this, they surrounded themselves with \u201cyes-men\u201d and proclaimed themselves as infallible and even as divine.In contrast, the greatest and best of the Emperons sé: : \u201cA spider is proud whem it hes caught and another when be has caught and another when he has taken a little fish in a net, and another whet he has taken wild boars, and an- olher when be has taken Sacmatians Are not these rebbers, if thow examinist their opinions?.Never value anything 8 to thy self which shall com- to break A tra, Mr.Mussolini says, ob- g serve me.Note what I am doing.Follow ME.BEER WANTS SOMETHING FOR NOTHING TREMENDOUS publicily campaign, using all the tricks of modern propaganda, open and occult, has been initiated by the brewing industry of the United States.Two years ago, three New Yorkers, one of whom, Col.Jacob Ruppert, is nationally known through his association with professional baseball, founded the United Brewers\u2019 Industrial Foundation, The purpose of the Foundation is to lift beer out of the category of a more or less harmful indulgence and give it the dignified status of a food, à tonic and germicide.Naturally the desire of this organization of.beer merchants is to step up the consumption of beer to the highest possible heights\u2014to get for the cash registers of the brewers as large a share as possible of the income of the average citisen.Old drinkers who die off must be replaced.The most hopeful source of recruits for beer-gussling 1s, of course, the rising generation, particularly that part of it that has been totally unused to intoxicating stimulants.Hence a spate of publicity declares that \u201cthe caloric (heat) value of beer is almost as high as milk,\u201d that beer \u201caids digestion by creating a feeling of well-being,\u201d that \u201cit replaces body salts\u201d \u201cacts as a toxic antidote to cholera and typhus\u201d, and, strangest of all, \u201cis non-fattening.\u201d There are always at hand men with some pretence of standing ready to sell thelr names in support of such preposterous claims that have been refuted time and time again by disinterested experts.It is in such ways that the wolf camouflages in sheep's wool.\u2018This campaign has sloughed over Into some Canadian papers.But the press as a whole has not taken kindly to the activities of the United Brewers\u2019 Industrial Foundation.A caustic criticism of its aims and procedure ls contained in a recent issue of \u201cEditor and Publisher\u201d, the trade journal of the United States press.Is it not rather strange to find the newspapers which played such a prominent part in the return of boose to legalized standing thus llogleally refusing to co-operate in spreading its virtues?Not very strange, when one learns that while the brewing industry is still spending money lavishly\u2014some four million dollars a year\u2014on advertising, the new beer organization is concentrating on using \u201cother than pald channels\u201d for putting tts case before the public.The usual advertisements of Individual brewers continue to be paid for.But the publishers who want a &hare of the paid advertising are ex- pested to give free publicity to the \u201csclentific\u201d and \u201csocial\u201d articles sent them by the new organization.That big four-million appropriation is a convenient club to be held over any publisher who feels that by having to accord free publicity to the representative organization of an immensely rich industry he is being deprived of his full share of the cut from the Proceeds of debauching the public.The reptile prass does not like to serve even the devil for nothing.Nor does it like to find that after selling itself, it has dealt with a power that like Ananias and Sapphira, \u201ckept back part of the price.\u201d There are publishers who, whils not averse to pub- matter extolling beer if the matter is paid for and frankly sponsored by the brewers, are yet unwilling to publish similar matter on what appears to be thelr own authority and in the name of service to the public.One would think that advertisers of better wares would determinedly select the papers which did not sell themselves to entice the people to waste their earnings on alcoholic beverages.But the advertising agen- cles get such profit out of beverage advertising that they positively hate the papers that are opposed to the traffic.And being the advertising WITNESS and Canadian Hemestead, JULY 14, 1937, engineers, the agencies can switch even Ford car advertising away from papers which commend Ford for his famous declaration that there is not room for gas and alcohol on the high- ways\u2014unless they be both restricted to engine fuel.It is the combination of gas in the engine and alcohol at the controls that causes nine-tenths of the serious motor accidents.France and Europe From The Statist (London Financial Weekly).T I8 becoming Increasingly clear that the fall of M.Blum\u2019s ministry was due not only to financial but to political causes; and that M.Chau.tempts\u2019 problems may start in the financial sphere, but will continue in the political.The plenary powers which were refused to the Popular Front under Socialist leadership have now been granted to the Popular Front led by a Radical.M.Blum, in defiance of the advice of financial authority, in the shape of MM.Rist and Baudoin, wished to protect the franc and fell; M.Bonnet deserts the traditional financial policy, announces that the franc will be allowed \u201cto find is own level\u201d and, to facilitate that operation, closes the exchanges, and is recelved as a savior.But behind these apparent paradoxes of French politics, where everything changes in order to remain the same, there endures a steady appreciation of political realities which preserves continuity in the political life of the nation.- \u2018The financial measures proposed by M.Bonnet are not those which were framed by M.Blum, but it should be remembered that crises mold opinions, and that what ls acceptable \u2018in ex- tremis\u2019 is not necessarily the same as that which is approved when there is yet time for debate.The most important part of M.Bonnet's proposals are there for the unpegging of the franc from gold, and the avowed pol- iey of aliowing it to find its own place in terms of other currencies, a step which was prefaced by rapid negotiations with the other signatories of the tripartite agreement, which has thus, technically, not been broken, though de facto it has been.This agreement has, however, secured the support of the British and American monetary authorities for action to be taken in France, if necessary, against speculators.The mere unpegging of the franc would, however, be a dangerous incentive to inflation if it were not backed by other measures.In the short run, resources adequate to tide the Treasury over its immediate difficulties and to replenish the Exchange Fund to an extent which will enable it to guide and restrain the subsequent movements of the franc have been secured by a credit from the Bank of France.As a long-run policy, M.Bonnet has announced that it is essential that the country\u2019s finances should be entirely reorganized and the recurrenet deficits terminated within the next two years.It is here that the Achilles heel of M.Bonnet's program may be detected.For the suggestions that deficits should be terminated were received with enthus- jasm in the Chamber; the insistence on the necessity for increased approval with resigned approval; and the announcement that expenditure must be cut down, and as it could be cut in the defence estimates, with ill-con- cealed consternation.Yet it is clearly recognized that unless it becomes quite plain thet France is ready to accept financial measures which will restore confidence and encourage the revival of business enterprise, the conditions which make for a return of financial and economic stability\u2014 in particular the repatriatiation of £600 million of French capital fugitive abroad\u2014will never be attained, but without which credits and devaluations are palllatives which leave the patient weaker than before, and, indeed, put him in peril of complete collapse.One of the difficulties of the situation In France is that too often a change of Ministry in itself is regarded as a temporary (but legitimate) solution of the problem; and o it was partly by reason of this deeply ingrained but pernicious habit of the French political system that M.Blum had to go.M.Bonhet's future intentions with regard to the franc are, of course, shrouded in a proper retitence.But it may be assumed that he is ready to see it decline to 125 or even 150 to the pound sterling if he regards such a level as \u201chealthy\u201d; but there can be little doubt that the most important objecive of his currency measures is not to obtain a devalued but a managed currency.He has announced plainly that he intends to proceed vigorously against the speculator, and it may therefore be assumed that he intends to endow the Exchange Equalization Fund with the power to bring about a rapid appreciation of the franc in terms of sterling if it becomes at all apparent that the devaluation is due to speculative selling, and that he may count on active assistance In London and New York for any sudden \u201csqueezings\u201d he may decide upon.Moreover, to some extent a temporary devaluation of the franc is in the nature of a bribe to expatriated capital to return on favorable terms, and by its return to rectify the currency situation and the trade balance.If this bribe is sufficient, then M.Bonnet's policy, if coupled with a redemption of his promises to reform the national finances, may prove a brilliant success; but if the capital refuses ,to return, the maintenance of a managed currency ai a reasonable value, on the adverse balance of trade which exists in France, will throw an even greater strain on the French economy than before.It may, moreover, end in the desertion by the United States of a fixed gold parity for the dollar, in despair of ridding herself in any other way of a plethora of \u201chot money\"\u2014 and beyond these two most serious financial contingencies it would be fatuous to prophesy as to the turn of events.Such an analysis of the situation, however, throws light on the for M.Blum's fall, In the eyes of extreme wing of the Popular M Bonnet's measure will res.d as à surrender to the forces of reae- tion intent on rendering the social reform unworkable, and it will seem ironic\u2014to put it mildly\u2014that a policy designed avowedly to counter the speculator in fact actually aliows him to escape with his gains.The speculator overthrows the Government and replaces it by another which confirms his windfall profits, incidentally assuming the dictatorial powers refused to the noxious Blum for that purposet It is not surprising that such a series of measures could not have been advanced by M.Vincent Auriol, and that MM, Rist and Baudouin resigned.But M.Blum\u2019s fall was not entirely a matter of the,speculator and the Senate; there were other reasons for a change of government.While France is passing through a financial crisis she is also, in close co-operation with Grea Britain, endeavoring to formulate a new foreign policy which will take the place of the wrecked nonintervention policy in Spain follwing the Leipzig incident.\u2019 For some time past it has become increasingly clear that, despite offi- clal denials, partisan interest by Germany and Italy in the outcome of the Spanish struggle has been intensified, and attention was calied by a British Minister officially to the breaches of the non-intervention agreement.The reasons for the renewed German Intervention in Spain have been indicated In certain very frank speeches from official sources to the effect that German policy is partly guided by the question of access to raw materials which Nationalist domination of Spain is most likely to secure her; speeches which have gone far to falsify the hopes of a few months ago that Germany was wearying of the Spanish entanglement and the expenditure of lives and munitions for no object closer to German interests than an improvement of the strategic posi- fon of Italy in the western Mediterranean.It seems at least likely that this renewed German interest in sources of raw materials in Southern Europe, Spain and her colonies, is not unconnected with the rising prices of raw materials and the monopolization of other sources of supply, of which the recent \u201ctying up\u201d of Swedish production of iron ore by British consumers for the next five years may be cited as a salient example.if: Pioneers! O Pioneers! The vanguard of mankind is not truly its present leaders, but an army of immortal names from all recorded history.CHARDIN MODEST propagandist for the À tae o is poopie was ena Baptiste-Simeon Chardin, who was born on a humble street in the capital of France 238 years ago.His father was a highly ekilled craftsman, & fumiture maker who had sold billiard tables bo the King, but who could never make more money than enough to keep his large family in decent circumstances.After & very little achool- ing, the boy was intended to learn his father's trade; but he showed such skill in painting the pictured panels of the cabinets that he was encouraged bo specialize his talents in that line, The only teachers thai could be afforded were of 4 poor sori, so that for the most part he was seH-taught.Such was the astonishing progress that he made in painiing \u201cstill-life\u201d {that when he was about thirty his friends urged him to try for entrance into the Royal Academy.The judges, on seeing his work, at once accepted him as a member; for his pictures were remarkable in that they were the first to raise the painting of \u201cstill-life\u201d indo the highest rank of art.Chardin pro- duoed original effects in.color and ta harmony, being the discoverer of what is called reflected tones.His aim then was 10 reveal the beauty that may lie in common household objects.A few years later he began to paint domestic scenes, taking his subjects usually from his own home.It was a time when the artists of Frante were catering to the follies, vanities, even the vices, of the fashionable Court circles; when Boucher was degrading his genius, and Greuse could only be foolishly sentimental or sly.Chardin was simply true to himse and his class.He painted his wie coming home from market or sending their son off to school, and in painting them tie was recording the household of the average Parisian family, with its thrift, its honesty, its patience, îts frugal de- oency.He announced, in fact, the virtues of the class which was so soon to overthrow the frivolities of the kingdom.The pictures won an enormous popularity.But for all his Industry, Chardta never became rich.For many years he held responsible positions in the Aca~ demy because he was the sort to be trusted with dull routine.At last they gave him a small pension.He died of the age of eighty.G.McL. Letters A WOMAN'S VIEW (To the Editor of the Witness) Sir:\u2014I see universal laws that are soulless and senseless, merely existing and working, and I see vegetable, animal and human life depending on those laws.1 see that only human life has the ability to sympathize and to reason, the power to will and to do.From this I conclude that the statement in Genesis, \u201cSo God created man in His own image\u201d is a statement of truth.Believing this and having a democratic sense of justice 1 Xnow God, my Creator, to be democratic, favoring none but without partiality purposing the good of all.I se evil as that which would frustrate the purpose of good to all, holding back the progress ef the human race and 30 opposing itself do God, the Creator.To see that universal laws merely exist and automatically work one needs only to study them.Consider, for instance, the law of combustion\u2014that un-~ der certain conditions certain gases unite and emit heet, consuming certain substances in the process.Let him be saint or sinner, white or colored, king or peasant, philosopher or fool he who follows the law of combustion is served by fire, whether he follows the Jaw consciously or unconsciously; he who transgresses or defies the law of combustion suffers the consequences.So it is with all universal laws.Whether they serve or injure, bless or curse depends only on whether they are kept or broken.Because of laws broken and being broken the world is where it is today\u2014 suffering poverty and super-abundance, riven with strife, soaked in nationalism, smoldering with race-hatred, ridden by militarism, weltering in blood.The mme laws that, being broken, have brought it where it is when they are kept will create mew conditions and bring into being a sow human race.Science, the knowledge of universal laws, is lighting the way to this and showing that good comes of laws being kept.Christ taught that God, the creator, is Jove and spoke of Him as \u201cThe Father.\u201d Would any earthly father, loving his children impartially, allow some of his children to profit by the labor of his esther children?No! The first expression of love is justice, and the first act of Justice is to end exploitation.So with God, the universal Father.Justice is His expression of love for man, and by means of acientific democracy the first act of His justice would end the exploitation of man by man.The world struggle going on today is between God and evil, It will decide whether justice between man and man shall prevail or whether the exploitation of man by man shall continue.In this struggle there is no neutrality for individual, organization or institution.The test, \u201cWhat are you doing to end the exploitation of man by man?\u201d places you en one side or the other, and it is a damning indictment against you when exploitation finds you harmless.Not by means of dictatorship does world salvation come, whether the dictatorship of the strong man, of bureau, party, state or church.World salvation comes by means of democracy\u2014nations ehoosing justice until exploitation be undone, until all the earth enjoys the blessings come of keeping universal laws.Socialism offers democracy a way of doing this and doing it without force or violence.That is why I think of socialism as \u201cNational Christianity.\u201d Nations living under socialism would be consciously or unconsciously keeping the universal law of love, that love of which Jesus taught and which Christians practise.Believing with you in the humanity of Christ and the divinity of man, I am, (Mrs) M.E.Rogers INTERNATIONAL CONSTABULARY (To the Editor of the Witness) Sir-\u2014An \u201cInternational Constabulary acting under world law and warrant\u2014be- ing definitely a force for peace, and to prevent or apprehend lawbreakers\u2014 would be a truly noble factor in promoting a well-ordered world.This side of the Millennium we see no other way to eliminate armies and war.\u201d Obadiah 7, 1s.8:12, should furnish the proper corrective to those who are trusting in the League of Nations; as to an \u201cinternetional constabulary under world law,\u201d no concept for any such organization has ever yet emanated from any reasonable body of men, nor can there be found scriptural sanction for any such impossible idea.In II Cor.4:4, Satan, we are told, \u201cwho is the God of this world, hath blinded them who believe pot\u201d \u201cThis side of the millennium, we see no other way to eliminate national armies and war\u201d So you say.whet provision has God made to elimin- war befere the millen- and of the millennium, while God's y advancing, we bave the Scriptures In.order the coming of the Lord.WITNESS and Canadian Hemectead, JULY 14, 1987.H Thess.2:3 (read the whole chapter), teaches us a necessary lemson.Christ ssid: \u201cI came not to send peace on earth, but a sword.\u201d \u201cWhy should it be thought a thing incredible that God should raise the dead?\" There are doubtless many who would be unable to accept it as a fact that Great Britain is at war\u2014has been so, in fact, since Mussolini unloosed his attack of repine, revenge and slaughter upon Ethiopia.That crafty agent knew bis aim and objective, which he still pursues in Africa and in the Mediterranean.Who Ethiopia.That crafty agent knew his stirred up the Arabs to oppose Britain's mediation in Palestine?While the heathen raged, and her enemiés prepared themselves for battle, their almost perfect system of espionage laid bare her weaknesses and plotted her destruction.Her king's abdication was the event they hoped should open their way to her conquest: but she lay like an infant in the lap of God, a giant renewing her mighty strength.She awoke in time; the deceiver fled; the faise Absalom followed; the Ted rebels who would have rejoiced in her overthrow, like smoking flax were trampled underfoot, their treason quenched with punishment to follow: and now, God having led us through the valley of the shadow of death, is preparing for us this day a table in the presence of our enemies; and soon, though it hap not this year nor the next, shall God set up his throne in the heavens, with the earth his footstool, his kingdom ruling over all Thus is it written in the prophtecies of old, which some today despise and utterly reject, teaching for doctrine the vain philosophies and deceit of men, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; but God shall bold them in derision.\u201cHe that sitteth in the circle of the heavens shall hold them in derision, he shall laugh when their fear cometh.\u201d And s0, adieu, Mr.Editor, till tomorrow, or the day after.J.A.Murphy.FROM MR.JOHN EVANS, FORMER M.P.(To the Editor of the Witness) Sir:\u2014Commenting on your editorial in your issue of June 30th, I wish to say that the \u201cevasiveness of Canadians\u201d regarding Empire responsibility is not to be wondered at when we look at the administration of home affairs by the few who are placed in that responsible position.The question is what have the working people of Canada to defend?Let us take the present Liberal government and analyse the trend of their doings, and Liberalism as manifested by its champions and it is plain to see that as working people we are divorced entirely from all share in the benefits that should be ours as Canadian citizens.When our government took office in 1935 ét did at once increase the cost of living by a 334% increase in the sales tax.It did this and left the larger incomes free of any increase in taxation which was a robbery of the working man\u2019s wages.The government no doubt angered the Canadian Manufacturers by its advocacy of \u201clower tariffs and wider markets\u201d which bad some cffect on the usual flow of campaign funds from that source.Wheat was the one thing a market was sought for; as a surplus had been accumulated under the Tory regime 1930- 35 when all manufactured goods were prohibited during those years.Although a wheat board was in existence the government of McKenzie King changed its nature and personality, and later, by order-in-council rendered the wheat board inoperative\u2014turning the whole agricultural population of the west over to the gambling element of the Grain Exchange in Winnipeg to be robbed of a remunerative price for the crops of 1988 end 1838 It would be interesting to know how much the wheat gamblers paid to the party managers for that privilege.Liberal and Conservative parties have long ruled Canada in the interest of those who pay for the privilege of robbing the worker of his wages and the primary producer of a price that pays for the raising of all farm products Both these partiees form a state within the state, and as far as fascism or Nazism go the brand handed out by the Canadian banker\u2014manufacturer\u2014specu.later ring through its professional political hencemen cannot be said to be much worse than that of its forgign namesake.If anyone thinks I am saying anything without foundation let him explain the following incident:\u2014 A Liberal candidate lately speaking in Pernle, BC., said:\u2014\"Conditions in Fer- nie were a disgrace to a civilized country\u201d Quite true, I am sure, but he would see that all young unemployed men in Fernie, could start work next morning in the government forest service, that a government grant of $80,000 would be theirs if he was elected, and if he wasn't, they wouldn't get it and that be was sure to be the next atiorney- general of BC.We used to think things were pretty rotten wherf politicians whispered these things in the back alleys but now they platform, and in his E man money he would be a crook and a convict.When he does it in the name of the party what shall we say?Some ardent Liberal may tell us?In the meantime, let us look around\u2014 will the so-called Libera! government at Ottawa subsidize the projected steamship line between Canada, New Zealand and Australia, for the Can.Pac.Ry.Co, and divert all the Pacific trade to the privately owned railway, which is one of the means taken to rob the country of its government-owned line; by doing everything to increase the yearly deficit.This government abolished Section 98, it is true, but only after the great employers of labor in Eastern Canada were sure they had through the years of depression got the workers ,where they wanted them and could by hunger and dependence prevent union organization and collective bargaining.Who is a patriot?Many more instances may be cited to show that the Canadian people cannot be expected to be patriots in any sense of the word, but I should not pass over the reasons given ir the Witness for the discharge and practically the deportation of Professor Morgan from McGill University; all going to show that even free speech and free assembly is banned under this Liberal regime by much more direct means than arrest and law application.John Evans, Not in the Headlines\u2014of the Popular Press From the Nofrontier News Service.TOURIST NOTES Geneva.\u2014 Martines Barrio, President of the Spanish Cortes, came to Paris recently along with other Spanish Deputies.Barrio was using a car with a German licence plate.The mystery was explained when the interviewers were told that Barrio's car was one of the many German automobiles captured near Madrid.The bigger hotels in Paris show their sympathy for Franco by keeping in their reading rooms only those dailies which support the Spanish rebels.Recently some Oxford students wanted to know why the more liberal and radical dailies were not stocked in the Hotel Plazza-Athenée.Reply to the enquiry came in the form of suppression -of four English papers which had been in the reading room up to that time.Tourists visiting Santa Margherita and other watering resorts in Italy will be able to read huge inseriptions on the walls glorifying the cult of fascism, Among the more interesting are such as these: The war which we have initiated in Africa is one for the cult of liberty; it is a war of the people, of the Italian nation; a war of the poor, of the disinherited, and of the proletariat No people has the same courage as the Italians in risking its very existence.It is a great privilege for us all to live in an epoch as tumultuous as ihe present one an epoch so full of manifest destiny.In Switzerland the newspapers of Spanish Government territory have hitherto been barred, while but by making it very difficult for any vendor to handle the Republican dailies.Of late that situation has changed and Swiss people can read \u201cE1 Sol\u201d and other papers at will.The advertisements of theatres, cinemas, music halls, dancing places and other evidencas of normal life in Madrid have surprised many Swiss.In certain parts of France the labels of oranges exported from Spain are printed in German.The oranges came from Cadiz.A French satiric weekly wonders whether \u201cFranco's Spain has already become à German colony.\u201d PHILIPPINE OPPOSITION TO MILITARISM Manila.\u2014 More than 30,000 young men have been arrested throughout the Philippine Islands and charged before the courts for their refusal to register for military training under the so-calied National Defence Act, drafted by General Douglas MacArthur, military adviser to President Manuel L.Quezon.The provincial jails are crowded with these prisoners and other places had to be fitted to accommodate them.The problem of feeding them has become 80 perplexing to the local governments, that Secretary of the Interior, Elpidio Quirino, had to Instruct the town authorities to request the families of the detained young men to bring food for them.Orders were also issued to stop the wholesale arrests and prosecutions.Under the National Defence Act, an army of 400,000 men is to be organised in ten years and for this purpose compulsory military training has been introduced, But the young people, from the very outset, showed themselves very reluctant to under- there, have revolted and taken up arms against the Government in opposition to compulsory military train- g.Desertions en masse from the training camps have also taken place recently.More than 900 trainees left three camps\u2014which gives some idea of the strength of the movement.All these arrests ana desertions show the stubborn opposition which the Quezon-MacArthur militarization program is meeting.Meanwhile unrest and discontent engendered by these and other policies are growing rapidly and spreading among the masses.The new American High Commissioner, Paul V.McNutt, has as yet given no indication that he understands and sympathizes with the Fili- in their valiant fight.The Orient With more than 15,000 troops on the spot prepared fur an emergency, the British Government was ready on July 6 to announce the greatest change of policy toward Palestine since the establishment of the mandate, as the report of the Royal Commission recommending partitica of the country will be published.d.The Labor party polled more per cent of the Zionist vote in the ess elections, evidence of its sway the Jewish population.The Arab er Committee also took a stand op- to the plan except for the dissent- Nasha Shibi group which is support- by the Emir Abdullah of neighboring ansjordan.fi fie ejel qe The Arab Higher Committee announced on July 8 after a two-hour session it was unable to accept the British plan for dividing Palestine into three parts.It attacked the plan as proposing to give the Jews a state in \u2018which the most fertile sections of the Holy Land lie, leaving for the Arabs only the rocky and hilly paris The Palestine Arab higher Commit\u2018ee cabled to four Arab kings, Emir ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia.the Iman of Yemen, Emir Abdullah of Transjordan, and King Ghazi of Iraq, on July 9 a plea \u201cin the and religion\u201d to inter to partition Pales- and 20 persons were and wounded in the Upper Jezireh district of Palestine on July 9 in a clash between troops and demonstrators demanding & separate mandate and dissociation from the Syrian Republic.The reports received from us, said troops attempted to break up demonstra.11 severely condemning the recommends.tions of the British Royal Commission for splitting Palestine into separate Arab and Jewish states.Premier Hikmhet Suleiman, of Iraq, on tine proposed by Greet Britain.One hundred and 50 ulema\u2014religious lesders\u2014on July 13 issued a decree threstening excommunication for any Moslem who supported the proposal of division of Palestine.Two Arab newspapers were suspended by administration of Palestine of July 13.Alliwa, a newspaper belonging the Mufti of Jerusalem, was banned six weeks for reprinting a men.Fighting continued on July 11 at the Yuagting River, ten miles west of Pei.tesimo Chiang Kai-Shek's troops in north.WITNESS and Canadian Hemeastead, JULY 14, 1987, \u2018 Chinese hostilities west of Peiping.All was quiet again shortly after 7.30 am.(7:30 pm, EDT), but both sides continued moving Teinforcements into the zone confliet.anking, the Foreign Office told the Japanese embassy there could be no valid settlement of the troubles \u201cwithout the sanction of the Central Government.\u201d - Japan on July 13 made four drastic de- mitied to the Nanking Government from Peiping, are: First, complete withdrawal of Chinese troops from the western banks of the Yungting River and evacuation of the Town of Lukouchiao, Second, severe punishment of all officers adjudged guilty of causing the clashes.\u2018Third, absolute suppression of all anti-Japanese movements.Fourth, co-operation against Communism.Nanking found these conditions utterly unienable.Can Japan Stay the Course?By Guenther Stein, ia the Spectator (London).APAN, today.is confessediy harnes- ed more than ever by her economic limitations, as well as by the unfavorable effects which these last - years of strain are gradually showing in her none-too-strong economic and social structure.Economics have become the main preoccupation of her military and civilian leaders.Social issues, although still neglected as far as action is concerned, are forcing themselves on their attention.And the pressure of all these problems\u2014 against which the \u201cenforcement of the true Japanese spirit in all the fields of national life\u201d proves no sufficient cure\u2014seems destined to gain in intensity as time goes on and the international sTmament race grows apace.Industrial capacity is the most prominent of the many vexatious problems facing she Japanese authorities.Por the fifty per cent growth in the volume of output of Japan's manufacturing industries, which was brought about from 1931 to 1936, and the accompanying fifty per cent increase in the industrial machinery «nstalled in the country, are no longer viewed as achievements which can assure Japan of the economic and military prominence to which she aspires.Even mow the total output of all the factories in Japan equals but a fraction of that of each leading Western country, including the newly industrialized Soviet Union.Per head of her population Japan produces hardly one-twelfth as much in manufactured toods as Britain or the United States.JAPAN-MANCHUKUO\u2019S output of steel, in spite of all the vigorous State assistance by which it was fostered in recent years, 1s but 6.7 per cent of that of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union combined; on which countries, moreover, Japan bas to rely for almost half of the ferrous materials used in her domestic production of steel.At present the shortage of steel, pig fron, ore and acrap is such in Japan that not only the civilian branches of the government but even the Anny had recently to declare that they would remounce the use of about one-third of the total of their steel consumption program for the current year.And the dearth of steel may prove even more embarrassing to the Navy, which is an even greater consumer of it.Japan's engineering industries, too, much though they have advanced recently both in the volume and quality of their production, are still lagging far behind the desires of her economic «nd military leaders, They can hardly be expected to increase the comparatively small total of machinery install- od in al branches of industry by much More than about ten per cent annual- 17, even if no attention be paid to the Teplacement of obsolete equipment., if only part of today's large-scale projects for industrial expansion were to be carried out, Japan would have to increase very considerably its costly imports of foreign machinery, which never ceased to be needed in large quantities side by side with home-produced equipment; just as the country\u2019s hurried industrial progress in general, and that of its armaments in particular, depends to such a large extent on the acquisition from Western countries of costly patent rights and licenses for newly- developed processes of manufacturing.JT is not only for these reasons that Japan's insufficient foreign currency income is the object of the second great anxiety of her leaders.The deficiency of raw materials which entailed imports worth Yen 770 million in 1931, rose to Yen 2,040 million in 1936, and it keeps on growing.Before the occupation of Manchuria and the new armament effort.29.4 per cent of all the industrial raw material requirements of the country had to be secured from abroad.But after five years of strenuous efforts to become ane of the \u201chave\u2019s,\u201d 335 per cent of its raw material needs had to be imported.(Japan is stil able, however, to feed her quickly growing population without incurring any deficit in her foreign trade in foodstuffs.) The increasing quantities of foreign raw materials needed for the manufacture of larger volumes of export goods which account for part of this deterioration do not constitute any real financial problem, for such exports automatically pay for the raw material imports involved.The quickly rising raw material imports for armament and equipment purposes are alone responsible for the mounting deficit in the country\u2019s foreign trade, which during the first five months of the present year reached the record total of almost Yen 600 million.This heavy burden is becoming the more onerous as the rising tide of world prices set in at a moment when Japan had almost exhausted mast of her reserves of foreign currency.The comparatively small gold supplies of the country are now being tapped once more.Still severer measures of State control over imports are to restriet purchases abroad to such goods as are most urgently required on grounds of national policy; but there are hardly any others left already now.And a new drive for another acceleration in the continuous growth of Japanese exports is to be launched.The danger of inflation is another cause of apprehension which cannot easily be allewated.Every attempt, however, to avert it, by checking the rapid growth of the Btate\u2019s armament expenditures, by leaving many of the projects for further industrial expan- son on paper, and by ignoring the well-justified wage demands of all sorts of workers and officials, would slow down the pace of Japan's military preparations, would still further increase the dissatisfaction of the forward elements, and thus augment political tension at least between the latter and the more conservative groups among the Fighting Forces.bureaueracy, and big business.Besides, even the s0-call- ed moderate elements who for years tried to prevent inflation from growing out of its present \u201cbeneficial\u201d into its much-dreaded malignant form, have gradually given in so much to categorical demands in favor of expansion that they would hardly see & practical way out even if they were to come into undisputed power, For they realize well enough that, with the great changes in the country\u2019s economic structure that were brought about during the last five years, its dependence on ever-growing orders for armaments and for new industrial equipment has become sufficiently decisive to make any fundamental change in policy as much of a threat to stability of Japanese economy as the maintenance of the present course doubtless would be.In 1931, only 14 per cent of Japan's total factory output went into armaments and goods for capital investment; but by 1936 they took up almost 31 per cent of the much larger total ¢hat was produced by an entirely changed industrial mechanism in which \u201cheavy\u201d engineering, and other new industries had come to prominence.THE last, but by no means the least, anxiety of the leaders of Japan is the wave of demands for higher wages, of strikes in almost unprecedented number, and of with an insufficient livelihood that has menon not only among the workers income of nine-ienths of the popula~ tion.The average wages per hour of industrial workers even fell by something like 10 per cent during that.time and it was only a corresponding increase in working time (to more than 10 hours per day) which made up for this Joes.Salaries also were under continuous pressure, and those of government officials had just been cut considerably before the rising trend of the cost of living set in after the coincidence of the \u201cManchurian Incident\u201d and the depreciation of the Yen in 1931.It would be wrong to deny that ta the social as in other fields Japan has still a fair measure of reserve strength with which to overcome the numerous difficulties of the near future and even to make further advances with regard to her military power, ber industrial development, and the further expan- ion of her exporte.But it is not diffi- eult to understand why the leaders of Japan who are such profound acepties with regard to the potentialities of International understanding in more than a superficial sense of the word, should worry about the ability of thelr country to keep pace, or even to gain new advantages, if the international armament race should keep on gaining momentum.Youth Open Forum News and Views of the Canadian Youth Congress.If youth in the organizations connected with the Youth Congress, or its various Ceuncils, or eutside of it, is sufficiently interested to contribute short, vital letters presenting the viewpoint of youth en any ef the important internal or external concerns, the Witness will be glad to give space te them in its columns, YOUTH PREPARE UR MODEL CONGR4SS Endorsement of thie Model Congress of the United States by eleven U.S.Senators and thirty-four members of the House of Representatives as a \u201cproject which would give American youth an opportunity to democrati- eally discuss vital issues concerning them,\u201d was announced by William Hinckley, chairman of the American Youth Congress.A call, asking young people throughout the country to elect \u201cSenators\u201d and \u201cRepresentatives\u201d to the Congress, which will take place in Mil- waukeee from July 2 to 5, was issued by seventy-four prominent youth leaders, adult leaders and agencies serving youth throughout the country.Hinckley said that about two thousand representatives of youth groups of every type were expected to attend the Milwaukee Congress, which will be modeled after the United States Congress and which will include a \u201cSenate\u201d, \u201cHouse of Representatives,\u201d Joint Committees and organizational caucuses.He stated that the gathering was called \u201cto give the nation's youth an opportunity to consider its mutual problems, seek its own solutions and strengthen co-operative efforts among organizations of youth and organizations serving youth.\u201d The Congress will resolve itself, he declared, into six large joint committees which will hold hearings on the major problems faced by American youth.These will be committees on agriculture, democratic liberties, edu- sation, labor, peace and recreation and lelsure time.According to Hinckley, the \u201cSen- agencies serving te entitled to four \u201cSenators.\u201d \u201cHouse of Representatives\u201d will be composed of delegates from local youth groups of all types, he said.The \u201cSenate\u201d will meet separately on the last day of the congress to discuss the possibilities of co-operation among various national youth organizations, while the \u201cHouse\u201d will meet to listen to a forum of experts on youth in crime and juvenile delinquency.The House will participate in discussions from the floor.\u201cBills\u201d and \u201cResolutions\u201d have already been sent in by local youth groups throughout the country, Hinckley said, \u201cyoung people are being encouraged fo discuss problems of their generation, as well as of their country as a whole, and to prepare the legislation which their representatives will present in Milwaukee.\u201cIn this way young Americans will receive an excellent training in democracy and practical citizenship.Throughout the world democracy is on trial.This project is an effort to make democracy a living, breathing thing for this generation of youth,\u201d he added.\u201cThis Model Congress, I am certain, will demonstrate to the youth of the country that democracy really can and does work.\u201d STATEMENTS IN THE TORONTO PRESS Rev.Murdoch MacKinnon of Ranny- mede Unted Church, declared in a speech in his church about the recent Youth Congress, \u201cDivine discontent is bands of convention that ved its usefulness.\u201d the title, \u201cWhere is Youth 7\u201d Rev.J.D.Parks made an an- the recent Youth Congress in a sermon in Carlton St.United Church.of the most encouraging things that has happened in Canada is the fact that it was possible for such a number of young people of s0 many \u201c« ax WITNESS and Canadian Hemeotead, JULY 14, 1037.Premier Mackenzie King will brosdeast which it was stated his influence with Suly 19 from 10 to 10:30 PR), ered expulsion trom Germany of tre CANADIAN N WwW WwW WORLD :30 p.m., de exp the AFFAIRS HE EVENTS was announced on July 13 the Cans correspondents of two British newspapers, E S OF T EEK adian Broadcasting ee paratiz.° that he opposed Joachim von Ribbentrop, Immediately after spitlemant Hanfs.Canada Canadian and United States air service officials conferring at Whitehorse, Yukon, on July 6 after a 1,200-mile trail-blazing flight from Edmonton, planned an air service which, eventually, would link the United States with Shanghai, China, via Canada.A.W.Stephenson, Salt Lake City, vice-president of the National Parks Air Service, said the Edmonton-White- horse route is the only possible one, with & reasonable degree of safety, for regular service.He was one of six passengers on the inaugural airmail and passenger flight piloted by President G.W.C.McConachie of United Air Transport, Edmonton.Major W.E.Gladstone Murray, general manager of the Canadian Brosdcast- ing Corportion, replied on July 6 to the Board of Control that \u201cinadequate stu- do facilities\u201d hamped network produc ons.Because of the common law cule that a wife is not a compellable witness against her husband prosecution of Dr.8.W.Fox, Social Credit leader in the Manitoba Legislature, on a charge of performing an illegal operation of Miss Alice Bosnell, was dropped in provincial police court et Winnipeg on July 6.Magistrate Thomas Little, of Dauphin, Man., held that Miss Bosnell, now Mrs.Fox, could not be called as a witness against her husband.Had the gasoline tanks of the Laurier Garage in Montreal beén buried underground as required by city bylaw the explosion which wrecked the building and took the lives of three Montreal firemen would not have occurred, James Molsaac, Chief Inspeotor of the city's fire prevention service, on July 7 told Fire Commissioner Emile Massicotte, investigating the explosion and fire which shattered the Laurier avenue building last June 25.Mr.Mclsaac said that in his opinion the cause of the fire was the ignition of a mixture of gasoline vapors which had gathered in the chamber where the two 1,000-gallon tanks were situated, He was unable to say, however, what ignited the vapors.A new link of Empire was forged on July 8 when the giant Imperial Airways flying boat Caledonia landed on the waters of the St.Lawrence midway between the two south shore villages of Boucherville and Varennes below Mont- Lord Tweedsmuir on July 8 drove through the drought-parched farmland of a once-flourishing district on the Sas- katchewan-Alberta and paid tribute later in a brief address to the courage of the prairie farmer.Finance Minister Walter Nash of New Zealand enroute home alter representing his Labor government at the Imperial Conference in London, arrived in Quebec on July 8 and proceeded to Ottawa.A big transport plane took off from Vancouver's airport on July 8 for the first complete survey of the projected Trans- Canada Airline, The Department of Agriculture announced on July 8 it was carrying on trapping operations at several points in Ontario near the international boundary to find out whether the destructive Japanese beetle has entered Canada.A gathering of 200 people, including Government officials and party supporters, including some 40 Ontario Liberal M.P's greeted Premier Mackenzie King end his colleagues on their arrival at Ottawa on July 9 after an absence of nearly three months in Britin.The British Columbia Appeal Court on July 9 gave its opinion that the Provincial Marketing Act and amendments were wholly within the competence of the Provincial Legislature.The opinion, handed down by Mr.Justice M.A.Macdonald sod concurred in by the two other members of the tribunal, said the act was \u201cto its full extent, intra vires of the Legisalture.\u201d The question of validity of the act was submitted to the Appeal Court after Mr.Justice A -M.Manson of the British Columbia Supreme Court Meld the act and its amendments were outside the \u201cLegislative power of the enacting Legislature\u201d because.among other things, the Legislature \u201cdelegated its legislative powers to the Lieutenant- Frowernor-in-Council.\u201d : The Tariff Board, is was announced on July 9 tas dismissed the appeals brought by the Canadian Importers and Traders\u2019 Association.Incorporated, Toronto, (dealing with furs) and Phileo Products Limited, Toronto, from rulings of the Department of National Revenue.In the matter of the Philco Coinpany appeal the board was asked to determine if radio cabinets were integral parts of radio equipment or merely household furniture.S.I.Cappel, Canadian-General manager for the company, contended that a radio receiving set without a cabinet was incomplete.If it were adjudged part of the machine, the cabinet could be imported at a Jess rate of duty than at present.Striking employes on July 12 tied up one plant of the Consolidated Paper Corporation, in Quebec province, but operations continued at two other St.Maurice River Valley mills where strikes had been declared.The strike held up production only at the corporation's Wa- yagamack division plant at Three Rivers, which employs about 650 men.Negotiations ending in preparation of draft forms of à new trade agreement with New Zealand featured week-end activities of the Government, but details will not be known until some definite action is taken by the Governments of the two countries.New Zealand's Finance Minister, Hon.Walter Nash completed conversations on July 11 and left for Montreal and Washington.If a requested increase in relief aid is not forthcoming from Ottawa, the responsibility for looking aftex relief recipients in Winnipeg will rest with the city, Premier Ha Bracken of Manitoba said on July 1 Striking treaty Indians of the Great Slave area at Fort Resolution on July 11 had accepted treaty money on condition their complaints be made known to the Department of Indian Affairs at Ottawa.The payment was handled by Sergeant G.J.Makinson of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, who was sent from Fort Smith to investigate complaints of the natives and to pay the treaty money which they had refused for the past two weeks while Dr.J.E.Amyot, district agent, remained in the treaty tent.The chiefs of the Yellowknife, Hay River, Roche River and Snowdrift tnibes said that they would refuse further treaty money until a new agent was appointed.The Indians also asked for an investigation into disposm]l of treaty supplies, and for an extension of approximately 30 miles of the boundaries of Wood Buffalo Park so that their hunting and trapping grounds may be increased.Sir Frederick Banting, co-discoverer of insulin and head of the Banting Institute, Toronto, was among those named on July 11 as members of the National Research Council for three-year terms.Others, according to announcement in the Canada Gazette are: Prof.E.F.Burton, head of the Department of Physics, University of Toronto; W.R.Campbell, Windsor, general manager of the Ford Motor Company of Canada; Prof.R.H.Clark, head of the Department of Cheïm- istry, University of British Columbia, and Prof.E P.Featherstonhaugh, Dear of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, University of Manitoba.It was also announced R.J.Tallon, Ottawa, secre- tary-treasurer of the Trades and Labor Congress of Canada, had been named a member for a two-year term.Major W.E Gladstone Murray, general manager of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, on July 11 issued the following statement: \u201cIn view of current misunderstanding and misrepresentation the Camadian Broadcasting Corporation announces that the acceptance of programs sponsored for the sale of spirits, wine or.beer is not contemplated for any of the stations of the corporation or any of its networks.As, however, the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation is responsible for the control of all broudcasting in Canada, consideration is being given to revised regulations.In this connection special attention is being paid to the problem of the sponsorship of wine and beer programs in the Province of Quebec by private stations where such programs are allowed by the laws of Quebec and by the regulations of the old Radio Commission, and have been broadcast by some private Quebec stations for a number of years.Alexander Allison, colored second mate on the schooner Gypsum Queen, gave inaccurate testimony before a Reparations Commissioner in Boston because Senator Hance J.Logan wanted MK that way.he told Magistrade Glenn Strike in police court at Ottawa, on July 12, when called, as a Crown witness against Captain Freeman Hatfield, owner and mster of the vessel which sank oft the coast of Ireland in July, 1918.Captain A.8.Wilcockson brought his Imperial Airways\u2019 Caledonia, back to Montfeal on July 12 on the return flight from New York to Foynes, Ireland, and was scheduled to take off next morning for Botwood, Nd, on the next leg.Great Britain King George paid tribute to his Scottish consort on July 6 by holding the first Royal Court Scotland has seen since 1903 i the oak-panelled Throne Room of Holyrood House.Prime Minister Chamberlain htas ace cepted an invitation to become honorary president of the League of Nations Union, & became known on July 6, but coupled his acceptance with a strong warning that the Union must be strictly non-party in character.: Plans for a long-range economic re construction program for Newfoundland will be revealed in the Budget at St.John\u2019s, Malcolm MacDonald, Dominions Secretary, told the House of Commons, on July & .Sir Walford Selby, British Minister to Vienna has been named Ambassador to Portugal, it was announced on July 8.Admitting that Arab and Zionist aspirations are \u201cirreconcilable,\u201d and that the present mandate has been unworkable, the British Government on July 7 proposed a threefold partition of Palestine, including the creation of the first independent Jewish atate since the days of Emperor Titus.The partition was recommended in a 404-page report by the Royal Commission under Earl Peel, which last November began a searching inquiry into the causes of Arab-Jewish bloodshed.The report was published to gether with a statement by the Cabinet accepting the proposals in their entirety and pledging immediate action to bring them into effect.The new plan will require a speedy ending by the League of Nations of the present mandate and the complete metamorphosis of Palestine as it has existed since the end of the Great War.In place of a single state under British control, with Jews and Arabs trying to live side by side, there will be two t nations\u2014a Jewish state, mostly in the plains along the seacoast, \u2018and an Arab state in the hills, to include the whole of Trans-Jordan, with a port at Jaffa.In addition, Britain hopes to receive a permanent mandate for the holy cities of Jerusalem and Bethlehem and a corridor to the sea, while th towns of Tiberias and Acre, and the vital maval base at Haifa in the Jewish area, will be kept \u201ctemporerily\u201d under British control Prime Minister Chamberlain in the House of Commons on July 7 announced appointment of a royal commission to investigate the causes influencing the present distribution of Great Britain's industrial population.It will also look into the probable direction of any future change in distribution and consider the disadvantages arising from concentration of Industries in the big cities Sir Montague Barlowe is chairman of the commission which has 12 other members including two women.Sir Montague was chairman of a royal commission on the Alberta coal industry in 1935 and is a former Minister of Labor and Government representative at interna tional labor conferences in Geneva.Neither Great Britain nor France could ever consent to \u201calienation\u201d ot Spanish territory in any form, Winston Churchill, Conservative veteran told his constituents on July 7 in a speech devoted to British policy on Spain.A.P.Herbert's marriage bill eoncluded stormy progress in the Upper House on July 7 and was returned to the House of Commons for consideration of the Peers\u2019 amendment.The bill, introduced as a private member's bill passed third reading in the House of Commons.A majority of the members present abstained from voting.Havas News Agency, in a copyright story on July 7 says it is reported General Francisco Franco has communicated to Great Britain, through the medium of Portugal, à note expressing uneasiness over the political cheracter of Italy's intervention in behalf of his Spanish ineur- gent administration.The Spanish insurgent Generalissimo affirmed his desiee to meintain his country's independence and integrity, Havas says it learned, and to detach himself from any foreign attempt to upset the present equilibrium in the Mediterranean.Franco further expresssd a wish to reach an understanding with Great Britain with a view to obtaining economic and financial support in London toward Spain's reconstruction after the civil war, according to Havas Ernst \u201cPutzy\u201d Hanfstaengl, one time Intimate of Chancellor Adolf Hiiler, but recently resident in London, on July 7 won a settlement of £280 ($1,340) and costs in a libel action avainst Cavalcade, weekly news magazine.The action which was seftled in court before testimony, was based on comments about him in taengl, issued a statement in which he seid the court victory for himself\u2014a German National Socialiet\u2014refuted recent statements in a book by Ludendorft alleging Britain is decaying.\u201cIn view of the gravity of the hour,\u201d Hanfstaengl said, \u201cI must consider such statements as not only signally wrong but lementably harmful to what we all hope and must hope for in the inierest of civilisation: Rearmament in Great Britain and the United States, Prime Minister Chamber.Imin said on July 6 \u201cwill in time convince the world of the wisdom of settling its differences by pesceful discussion instead of by arbitrament of force.\u201d Speak.: ing at a Conservative Party rally the Prime Minister declared: \u201cAs I don\u2019t believe anybody wants to start a European conflagration, I don't see why, with a little ingenuity and goodwill, we shouldn't find a solution for our difficulties\u2014dif- to settle her own future for herselt\u201d Premier Benito Mussolini of Italy, on July 8 announced he had forbidden any further anti-British broadcasts in Arabic, personal message from the Duce to For- Minister Anthony Eden, the result a still more unusual procedure on the of Mr.Eden, who several days ago the Italian Government, through ino Grandi, Italian Ambessador, not to 9 great attention and without animosity.\u201d The crucial meeting of the Non-Inter- effort by private negotiations to end the deadlock that has blocked its continuance, The Netherlands Minister, R.de Marees van Swinderen, made a motion for this and everybody concurred, Lord Plymouth, after consulting Foreign Secretary Anthony Eden, accepted.The National Union, of Bathwayme en rejected by a vole of to a unit July 8 in a conference The Transport and General Workers\u2019 Union conference at Tofquay on July 9 rejected the proposal for a united front by an overwhelming majority, and approved an amendment stating thet work- ing-class unity could best be obtained by seeking closer co-ordination among trade unions, the Labor party and the cooperative movement.The House of Lords or July 12 passed the Physical Training Bill on third reading.Passed by both Houses, the bill now needs only royal assent to become law.The Early of Wemyss, one of Scotland's Jargest landowners, died on July 12 at Dis seat, Gosford House, near Haddington, East Lothian.He was 79-years old.The Archbishop of Canterbury, ade dressing the Universal Christian Council for Life and Works, deplored on July 12 the non-participation of the Roman Ca- tholie Church in what he said were the council's efforts to form a united front for world Christianity.\u201cSo long as the Church of Rome stands apart,\u201d said the Archibshop, \u201cthere can be no full concentration of the forces of Christianity on the needs and problems of the present world.We can only hope and pray the day may come when common dangers and a true sense of the real facts of Obristendom-may lead authorities of the Roman Church to senction active co-op- eration with their fellow Christiane.\u201d The council, meeting at Oxford University, included 850 representatives of 85 Christian religious groups in the western and eastern world.The Bishop of Chichester, Rt.Rev.G.K.A.Bell, told the parley he had received letters from German Evangelical churchmen declaring their delegates had been deprived of passports and therefore were unale to attend.Sister Dominions Racial feeling aroused by the Italo- Ethloplan war was cited by Governor Sir Murcheson Fletcher in a statement issued on July 9 as one of the causes of widespread strikes which paralysed Trinidad last month and resulted in 14 deaths from violence.The Governor, in n complete review of the strikes which began in ollfields and spread into other industries throughout the colony before they were brought to an end, urged high- other groups.Actually, de Valera left with only 88 scats because one members must return to the Speakers chair.The final was: Flanna Fall (Government) 69.Fine Gael (Oppo- tion) 48, Labor 13, Independents 7, In- lependent Labor 1, total 138.How faithfully the electors\u2019 opinion was represented by proportional representation was indicated by the distribution of seats in proportion to the total vote obtained by each party.The Fimnna Fail polled 599,638 votes; the Fine Gael 461,176; Labor 132,686 and Independents 131,194.The Constitution plebiscite vote was 686,042 in favor and 3528208 against.Whether by accident or design, more than 110,000 spoiled their ballots in the constitutional plebiscite.President Eamonn de Valera welcomed the crew of the Clipper II in Gaelic at Foynes, Irish Free State, on July &, telling the fore-runners of North Atlantic air passenger service it was \u201cthe equivalent of a hundred thousand welcomes.President Eamonn de Valera, who failed ing the 13 Labor members to oppose him, on July 7, declared in a statement: \u201cThe Fianna Fail (the Government party) is that the i and will not bg diverted from it to right or to the left by any of political pressure.\u201d Minister J.B.M.Hertzog on t Bloemfontein, South Africa, ac- the United Kingdom Government apathy in dealing with the question native protectorates continguous to th Africa.\u201cIt is inconceivable for me accept that there can be much fur- er delay in the transfor of these terri- or that the Union Government compelled to have recourse to Africa Act, and request the means of a decision of Parlia- accede to the transfer.\u201d Viscount Craigavon, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland, took the occasion of the M4Tth anniversary of the Battle of the Boyne on July 12 to warn the Irisb Free State to \u201ccease interfering\u201d with the Protestant six counties of the north.i i grgzeras {i i: United States Lord Baden-Powell, Chief Scout of the world and founder of the Boy Scouts, Jamboree at Washington, D.C., on and develop friendship among themselves,\u201d so that they might help to bring about an era of \u201cpeace and goodwill among men.\u201d In a few years\u2019 time, he told the boys, they would be \u201cgrown up men of your country,\u201d leaders in poli- and directors of commerce.\u201cUp to now, the different countries have been carrying on their aims as total strangers, without any close knowledge or friendship for each other, and therefore in competition and rivalry with one another,\u201d be continued.\u201cEsch country has worked for its own benefit without any sympathy for its neighbor.In that way have arisen jealousies, ill-feelings, quarrels and wars.This does no good to any one, but harm to all.What we want in the world is peace, happiness and pros.ity for all, and we can get & if all men friends instead of rivals.Get to see the other fellow\u2019s point of view as well as your own.Work in co-operation rather than in rivalry.By doing this you will not only be opening up better commerce, better trade, better political relationships with your fellowmen of other countries, but alsp you will be bringing about that feeling of goodwill among men which is the true foundation for peace in the world.\u201d \u2014_\u2014 The saving of $400,000,000 In federal expenditures during the current fiscal year was forecast by President Rooee- velt on July 6 as he returned to tbe White after spending the week-end at Hyde Park.The expected economy would result, he explained, from voluntary abstention from spending on the part of Cabinet officers and heads of independent agencies.s The International Seamen's Union, affiliate of the American Federation of Labor, on July § rejected an invitation to sign a peace agreement with other maritime unions to remain effective until the National Labor Relations Board has completed an election among the crews of 08 Atlantic and Gulf ship lines.its policy was justified in- WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, JULY 14, 1937.A contract for 210 monoplane pursuit airplanes and spare parts was awarded by the War Department on July 6 to the Curtiss airplane division of the Curtiss Wright Corporation of Buffalo, N.Y.at a total cost of $4,133,550.The planes will be capable of more than 300 miles an hour and will out-perform any of their type now in service, the War Department The National Labor Relations Board on July 6 opened its major case against an eutomobile manufacturer when witnesses began laying the groundwork for the charge that the Ford Motor Company had Violated the National Labor Relations Act.Hardly had the first witnesses appeared when jt was announced by Ralph W.Liddy, Common Fieas judge, that 13 felony warrants had been issued\u2014I4 for Ford employees\u2014in connection with the beating of two officials of the United Automobile Workers at the Ford River Rouge plant on May 26.Henson Klick, one of more than a score of men injured on July 7 in an encounter between police and strikers at the Alcoa plant of the Aluminum Company of America, died in a hospital.Seventeen strikers and four policemen were carried to the hispital with bullet wounds following a gun and club battle near the gates of the fabricating plant, which reopened after being closed seven weeks, Five Ford Motor Company employees were identified on July 7 by witnesses before a National Labor Relations Board hearing as participants in the beating of organizers and officials of the United Automobile Workers of America when they sought to supervise the distribution of handhills at the River Rouge plant on May 28.At-the same time eight Ford employees and a ninth man were arraigned on charges of felomious assault which grew out of the one man Grand Jury investigation conducted by Common Pless Judge Ralph W.Liddy.The anti-trust division of the Department of Justice has decided to recommend to Attorney-General Homer Cummings that the Western Union and Postal Telegraph Companies be prosecuted for alleged violation of the anti-trust laws by practices tending to lessen competition between the companies.The decision to propose court action to the At- torney-General resulted, it was learned on July 7 from a preliminary but intensive investigation of the two companies which disclosed to the satisfaction of the anti-trust division that both had negotiated exclusive contracts with property owners in New York and elsewhere to the mutual detriment of both agencies, fram the public point of view.Plans for the modernization and expansion of the nation\u2019s airways safeguards to cost $7,000,000 over the next two years, were announced on July 7 by Secretary of Commerce Roper.Work already is going forward in more than 60 localities on the airlines and before the bad flying weather sets in this fall thousands of miles of airways will be better equipped than ever before.The program includes the spending of $882,000 this summer, including installations that have been made in the past three months.Franklin D.Roosevelt, honorary Scout Legder, toured the Boy Scout encampment on July 7 stopping four times to receive the salutes and cheers of bun- dreds of the youths including more than 100 Canadian Scouts.A mile-high collision between two Navy airplanes brought death to the pilots at Pensacola, on July 7 as the flaming ships crashed to earth in a wooded sector several miles from the naval station.Plans for a transatlantic air line which will compete with the joint project of Pan American Airways and Imperial Airways have been quietly developed in the last few weeks by the American Export Line, it was revealed.Surveys have been made and the steamship company, which operates a fleet of cargo and passenger vessels between New York and Mediterranean ports, has applied to several Mediterranean Governments through the Commerce and State Departments for licences to conduct survey flights.An official of the company disclosed on July 8 that among the ports to which survey flights will be made were Marseilles, Naples, Jaffa, Alexandria, Haifa and Bierut.From this country the planes would fly by way of Bermuda and the Azores, with stops in Portugal or Spain.A congressional inquiry committee gave Representative Fish (R., N.Y.), permission on July 8 to explain charges that members of the Roosevelt family have used revenue law loopholes to avoid tax payments.It stipulated, however, that Fish must not mention the President.The Ford Motor Company's servicemen who beat and attacked officers of the United Automobile Workers\u2019 Union May 26 when they tried to supervise the distribution of union leaflets on an overpass leading into the plant were \u201ctypical hood- Tums\u201d according to the testimony of witnesses on Juiy 8 before Telal Examiner John T.Londsay, assigned by the National Labor Relations Board to conduct à hearing into charges that the company had violated the Wagner Act and had discriminated against union members.The testimony was offered by reporters for Detroit newspapers and news photographers for the newspapers and for press services who were at the Ford plant, in the line of their duties when the fracas occurred.Some of the photographers testified that they were chased from the vicinity of the plant by the servicemen, some had plates confiscated by them and one was roughly handled by a pursuer.A mbve to arbitrate differences between strikers and management of the Alcoa plant of the Aluminum Company of America, where two men were killed and 28 wounded in rioting the previous day, apparently collapsed on July 8.Governor Gordon Browning, in response to a request from Fred Wetmore, president of the Aluminum Workers\u2019 Union at Alcoa, an American Federation of Labor affiliate, telephoned A.D.Huddleston, regional manager of the company.Huddleston said that since the company\u2019s wage scale \"is higher in relation to Tennessee living conditions than that paid workers at the Pittsburg plant,\u201d he did \u201cnot believe the company has anything to aribtrate.\u201d The ætrikers are asking an increase from 45 to 60 cents an hour, or approximate wage parity with the company\u2019s workers in northern plants.Treasury Secretary Morgenthau announced on July 8 the United States Treasury will increase its borrowing next week to keep more than $1,000,000,000 in the Federal pocketbook, Government employees have no right to strike, and their right to collective bargaining is severely restricted by the fact that Congress establishes their wages, President Roosevelt said on July 9 at his press conference.A restrike call by the Steel Workers\u2019 Organizing Committee for employees of Republic Steel plants at Youngstown, O,, apparently failed on July 9.Republic Steel officials said \u201cNot a man left the plant.\u201d The most protracted heat wave of 1937 spread rapidly on July 9 to envelop most of the United States east of the Rockies.The total of deaths attributed to the sweltering spell rose to 92.The United States and China will embark immediately upon an expanded program of bartering gold and silver with beneficial results for both nations and a stabilizing effect upon world currencies generally, US.Treasury-Secretary Henry Morgenthau and H.H.Kung, Chinese Finance Minister, announced in a joint statement on July 9.A charge by Representative Fish (R.- N.Y.) that Mrs.Franklin D.Roosevelt had used a revenue law \u201cloophole\u201d drew reports from members of a congressional inquiry committee on July 9 that he had a \u201cbrainstorm\u201d and was offering \u201cunadulterated hearsay\u201d evidence.The Senate- House Committee on Tax Evasion and Avoidance listened to Fish say that Mrs.Roosevelt had signed a radio contract in 1935 under which she was to receive $1 each for 10 broadcasts and the sponsors were to turn over $3,000 after each program to the America Friends Service Committee, a charitable organization in Philadelphia.Public health experts, medical specialists and members of Congress testified on July 8 before a Joint Committee of Congress in support of legislation.which, the nation\u2019s leading cancer experts assert, will mark the longest step forward ever taken in the battle to control cancer, Two bills are before the committee, one ap- proprieting $1,000000 annually, and the other providing for an appropriation of $2.400,000 and after that $1,000,000 annually, both bills vesting in the Public Health Service the administration of the fu Governor M.Clifford Townsend of Indiana announced on July 11 the Committee for Industrial Organization and the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company had signed separate agreements with him, permitting approximately 7.- 000 employees at the Indiana Harbor, Ind, and the South Chicago plants to return to work.The State Depariment announced of July 11 that 16-inch guns will be mounted on the two new United States battleships on which construction already has begun.Edward Eugene Loomis, 72, chairman ot the board of the Lehigh Valley Rail- rosd Company, died on July 11 at Summit, NJ.George Gershwin, 38, noted composer of modern music, died at Cedars of Lebanon Hospital, Hollywood, on July 11 after an operation for a brain tumor.Reporéing a warming that \u201cbloodshed would ensue\u201d unless she left town per- \u201c manently, Ia Sledge, 38-year-old Mem- phis society woman and union organizer, left Tupelo, Miss, on July 10 with the declaration that she would return.She had declared her intention to remain, pending further orders from union officials, despite ber ejection for the second time in three weeks.She is an organizer for the International Ladies Garment Workers\u2019 Union, Committee for Industrial Organization affiliate.- A battle between two powerful labor groups for control of eastern seaboard waterfront workers appeared possible on July 12 after a conference of Committee for Industrial Organization and American Federation of Labor representatives collapsed in deadlock at New York.A subcommittee of the C.1.0., headed by Harry Bridges, West Coast waterfront labor leader, and a similar body representing the International Longshoreman\u2019s Association, debated behind closed doors Bridges's proposal that the LL.A.affiliate with the C10.The LL.A.committee refused flatly to accept any of the proposals advanced by the C.LO., and immediately following the conference, Joseph P.Ryan, president af tbe IL A, said it might be necessary to \u201cretaliate\u201d against \u201cinterfering organizations.\u201d Police and National Guardsmen closed Committee for Industrial Organization headquarters at Massillon, O., on July 12 and prohibited the formation of picket lines in the wake of a clash between police and strikers which kilkkd two men and injured 15 including three patrolman.Government counsel introduced testimony at the National Labor Relations Board hearing against the Ford Motor Company on July 12 intended to show that beatings administered to union organizers and members at the company plant gates last May 26 were premeditated.Joseph Barnick who said he quit as a member of the company\u2019s service department about a fortnight after the riot, testified instructions were given to \u201cbeat up\u201d any one attempting to distribute handbills at the plant entrances.Barnick said a man he could identify only as \u201cRichter\u201d gave him these instructions.Secretary of State Cordell Hull conveyed on July 12 to the diplomatic representatives of the Japanese and Chinese Governments here the hope of the United States Government that no war would break out in North China.President Roosevelt asked the United States Congress on July 12 to pass a new bill at this session combining-Agricultural Secretary Wallace» \u201cever-normal granary\u201d and certain features of the outlawed Agricultural Adjustment Act.WITNESS Week's Outlook scans the world of men and affairs and attempts that most difficult and costly thing in journalism, to co-ordinate man\u2019s relations with his fellows\u2014social, economic, political and international\u2014 looking towards à new Christian social order.With this as its standard \u2018it seeks faithfully and disinterestedly, though fallibly, to interpret the news of the week.(This edition does not include Oxford Group news) REGULAR SUBSCRIPTION RATES Weekly Be.$1.59 Yearly.(6 shillings) 1 Remewal $150 Beth 1 New Sub.150 for $1.68 Werth .$3.00 (Gs.$d.) 1 Renews] $150 an 3 NEW Sube, 200 for $2.28 Worth .$4.50 9s.) Other NEW subs\u2019ns 75 eis.each (3s.)._ Addl Renewal Subs'ns $1 each (4s).The New Witness, channel of Oxford Group and inspiretion may be had in combination with WITNESS\u2014OuU .These rates are good in Nerth America® and Br, Empire® countries\u2014*except that in the case of reduced rate subscriptions 50 cts, (25) must be added for postage for addresses in Greater Montreal, or in Australia.U.8.8 and Br.Sterling accepted at par Semples PRES on request.So as not to compromise friends the WITNESS-Outlook is not available in censored cnuntres.Joka Dougall & Bon, pubtishoss, Mentreni, Canada, WITNMESS anû Canadian Hamestead, FULY LA, 1987, specially SEED SOWER'S COUPON co-aperale in the publication of the Witness by extending its circulation of being exchanted for something loss worth while?stood that these subscriptions expire at the end of eight months unless & Son, Publishers, , Montreal.b ie clearly under 1 y E Hi upon sn je us 7 j= and af Ins 3 3%, ie il ë L 3 28 1 he | ih Gadel 2g \u201c= |sêf a I fhe Bh in 3 \u20ac én SS EE] afi siti hihi à i ky HH Hu 2 î B|} == FR} Bini abit | 1 He fli flan! if e 3 |} uu 3 heli rile nlf ih slay! S fr EEE: NE D 308 pam JM seal GE Jit Sg 188 EH: |b a it) 5) 5 581 a tt il aii = 2211 21 o 4 + FEgitgr=al: 3 Blessé .22 8 4 20 à iris agile ith je i il Z ES fé 8 17 apt E iE: ul 58 31 i jd 3 hii dE x Biadags § 184} + EET as à ui fes, Hi i i ei J kt ° & BH EE > = a E: £2 3 a fr ¢ o 3 > i] Ji gt i fll 2 27} 5 + Hila iil pal Fi lilo 353 > © = \"| * 2 ie Ie ä cr) > i iE iia ili il: sali! il pli \u201c LE aang i 1 lis 0 BE 1 ay 5 1 alibi ter hell ff of Mita El fis ji i if gd hh RE jit i Linie iki oth fhe Jl i 2 3 : Foil igés LEE sl 3 Ti 6 ht im Mik ait ini HH SOW Seeds of good NOW J P.O.Box the appreciation of the nation-wide * family of Witness readers we express To all \u201c Co-operators Dear Sirs,\u2014I am glad te friends.renewed.Lt adfivem in the name of Canada Editors and Staff.we thank them Indeed for they do it for Canada. u WITNESS and Canadian Homestead, JULY 14, 1987.The Week\u2019s Cross Word Puzzle 1: BA 0 qe 0 r 0 1?20 es [2 2 er 28 29 oN pu 36 98 0 42 % jo 5 52 HORIZONTAL 41\u2014Part of \u201cto be\u201d 13 \u2014Entrances 2\u2014Apart +3 \u2014Assistance 18-\u2014To revoit &\u2014Warbles 43 \u2014Gecond note of scale 16\u2014Aineral 11\u2014Pladged as security 44.\u2014To free 2\u2014To long \u2014System of ceremon- 46\u2014Lecs 28\u2014Pledge of engage Jos 48\u2014A constellation ment MA number 49.Hardens MN.\u2014Part of flower 18\u2014Suitor 81 \u2014éfore comfortable 28 \u2014Drain 17\u2014To equal in score ss.27\u2014To mature 18\u2014Egyptian sun god 54\u2014Girl's nickname 20.\u2014Large tub 19\u2014Globe 33.\u2014Grest dearth of 29\u20148ymbol for tellur~ VERTICAL food som 33.\u2014Floats in air £1\u2014To attempt 1.\u2014FNeutical: to the 34\u2014Pence of bushes 28.\u2014Woody plants left 36.\u2014Reddish-brown 26 \u2014Buropean capital 38\u2014To contend 40.\u2014Tired 28\u2014Prying device +46 \u2014Dark brown 30\u2014In the past 6\u2014ot many 46.\u2014 River of Wales 83.\u2014Beast's foot 6\u2014Address of respect 47.\u2014To weaken 22 \u2014Worries T\u2014Pronoun - 48\u2014To be Hl 94 \u2014Detests 8\u2014Pruit of certain 5o\u2014Rupees (abbe.) - \u2014Shallow élan trees s2\u2014Thus #7\u2014Fut 0 \u2014Gpat (Copyright 10+ by the t.\u2014Quarrel 10\u2014Hail and rain Bell Byndicate, Inc.) 0H jc [mW log Jog [ivy Lei A5 Load Lai club [rw [0 [= LF?\u2019 ep ê Ë : Ex ÊEs bgt FEEL BE i ; i : E $ Ë gi RE OS Role Uk Tr oE3E § 3 ë § 1 gE Bi; É FE Ë ~ But it was only a mad moment, and it passed.\u2018Through the long hours of her husband's absence the unhappy Gunla suffered tortures inspeakable.She had prepared herself for any terror when she saw Sital returning home.He carried in his hand a packet rolled in a leaf and to Gunla\u2019s surprise he apoke normally to her, a thing he had not done for days.He told her that he had seen and consulted a very important priest and had obtained from him a medicine to be given to Gunga Rum.\u201cFor one week daily the child must drink of this \u201cobat\u201d which I shall make from fresh water and what the priest has given me,\u201d 8ital said his \u201cAt the end Ë devastating throbs.A life wounded bird.Sital did not look at her.gazing down at the huddied form of Gunga Ram.Gunga Ram lay in the mud outside the door.He was not Farmer in the Making u His firet calf, paid for with the money he saved HIMSELF.Some day be will be a farmer like his Dada successful farmer because of that first young calf, and the money he saved to make it his.Encourage your children to start their own savings account.It is s0 often the first step to a successful future.™: ROYAL BANK OF CANADA QVER T00 BRANCHES IN CANADA AND 30 OTHER COUNTRIES peacefully and even Gunla began to take some faint hope into her heart.8ital, needing money, went out to seek employment.8ital would spend most of the night sitting beside the boy looking at him, scanning his face for signs of a change.Gunla watched the child in the daytime and to Gunla the truth came first.Gunga Ram was not recovering.The sedative which the drug contained eased his pain but it could not restore him; as the effects of the drug wore off the boy reverted to his condition.Gunla was at the end of her hope and her patience.She knew that the fate of her baby girl was sealed .unless she could do something about it.But what .Oh! deaf and dumb gods of India .what was she to do?Now only two days of the week remained Badsurat, cutting late teeth, was fretful and poor Gunla lived in horror lest her cries should reach Sital.Gunga Ram had thrown off all the effects of the drug and had developed the new and disconcerting habit of staggering out of doors and running towards the road always falling In a heap and lying until his father or his mother\u2014it Sital was ab- sent\u2014 lifted him.On the very evening of the last day inspiration came to Gunla, an inspiration so vague that she had to sit still for quite a time before she could unravel the threads of it.At last she succeeded.Rising with a lightness she had never known before, Gunla set her plans in order.On this evening Sital was paid for his week's work.Gunla knew that, according to custom, when he returned he would give her some money and bid her hurry to the ba- zaer and buy à supply of food.The bazaar was not far away and Ganla meant to take a longer journey.Gunla set about cooking the evening meal for her husband and the sick child.She boiled the rice and prepared a simple curry, then she went to the place where was the decoction prepared for Gunga Ram .the very last two doses which must work a miracle or else.Seasoning her curry well Gunla carefully poured the decoction nto it.She longed to taste the mess, but did not dare, but she knew that her husband was certain to call at one of the drinking shops at the bazaar and slightly blunt his sense of taste by a drink of pungent, native-brewed spirit.Gunla's next action was to fil up the vessel which had held the \u201cobat\u201d with water.Cleverly she dropped a handful of mud into this water giving it much the dark appearance which was that of the potion, Gunga Ram, poor child, was not likely to make any observations on the taste.Gumla\u2019s next action was to feed her infant daughter to repletion.A satisfied Badsurat would not cry.There was just enough milk for mother and daughter and tBe baby had it all.If she had not come to the conclusion that her prayers were worthless, Gunla might have called upon her gods.She did not.She went to the door and saw with pleasure that Sital was coming home.|, (To be continued) * .This picture of Indian life is drawn by one who knows India thoroughly.The story makes ideal summer reading.Why not introduce your friends to it, at home or at summer resort?\u201cThat Which Was Lost\u201d is a story of a type which you will not often meet, The Christian Statesman and the Fight.for Spiritual Liberty Dr.Adolf Keller, Delegate to The Pan Presbyterian Conference Touches the World's Crisis.There is a tendency among statesmen to \u201cshut the Church up in a sacristy or In à ghetto or an unreal spiritualism\u201d but the church cannot allow this.\u201cA Christian statesman who has the courage of faith in the cabinet and parliament is a greater preacher than the greatest Christin minister.Evangeliza- tion of the world in this quarter is one of the most uri for creating an at- of mutual responsibility and solidarity.\u201d \u2018When the president of the Swiss Government, Motta, dared to quote in the Assembly at Geneva the words of the Sermon on the Mount, \u201cBlessed are the peacemakers,\u201d ¢his stirring sentence, \u201cflew around the heads of the Assembly like Noah's dove above the flood.\u201d Another way for the church was \u201cpreparedness for suffering for one\u2019s faith and love of peace.\u201d Also the way of education which aims at the building up of a new community whose boundaries are not geographical but moral and religious and by the method of building up a strong and united Christian public opin- fon in all nations.The Fight Por Spiritual Freedom The reformed churches of the world are a family, be sid, but they also form an army compelled to fight for a holy cause; the church militant fighting the fight of faith.The necessity for such a struggle was not so obvious in Canad, a country where starvation was impos sible and foreign aggression unlikely.But in Europe u battle was being waged not only for political security and eco nomic existence, but also for liberty and In democratic countries it is usually recognized, said Prof.Keller, that the human soul belongs to God.On the continent of Europe, however, certain secu- ler powers are endeavoring to impose on this truth by emphasizing a state creed, and by organizing individual cone science by claiming to be the only body capable of differentiating between right and wrong.Thousands of people in Germany, Italy, and Russia sre being persecuted and made to suffer for no other reason than their faith in God and His word.\u201cI ask you all to come to the front line in the battle for the power to overcome the dangers to faith\u201d said Prof.Keller.A courageous fight is being made by millions of Protestants and Catholics with no arms and no help except from God.The worst of present temptations is not those of the flesh, but the temptation to say \u201cpeace,\u201d and to accept the situation without a struggle.Other parts of Dr.Keller's addresses im the conference and from the pulpit of St.Andrew and & Paul are referred te editoftally. EEE ym = mn je em = WITNESS and Canadian EN] Requiring Too Much By Agnes Coggins.6 OOK, Tom.one plece should L go in that hole and then lean this one over here.\u201d No answer.\u201cSee, Tom?\u201d \u201cYes, Daddy,\u201d in a volee very low for a five-year-old.In the midst of scattered toys, Mr.Brandon and little Tom sat on the living-room floor.Mrs, Brandon was sewing in the armchair nearby and as the clock in the hall struck seven she rose saying, \u201cThat's bedtime, Tom.Come on, dear, off you go.\u201d Sue \u2018Brandon returned she found her young husband, Roger, staring into the fire.\u201cYou know, Sue,\u201d he began slowly, \u201cI'm troubled about Tom.\u201d \u201cTroubled?\u201d Sue was surprised.\u201cYes,\u201d Roger continued.\u201cSomething's wrong.Haven't you noticed how quiet he is lately?\u201d \u201cWell, I believe he has seemed un- nsumlly so these last few weeks.But I'm sure he isn't ill.You know just last Monday at the office Dr.Stafford Sold me how strong and healthy Tom \u201cI wonder.He should be more interested in his toys at night, but K have to tell him again and again how to use that new erector set.If things aren't easy he can't do them.He seems actually slow and reluctant to work.\u201d \u201cBut, Roger, I think he will get over that when school starts.\u201d \u201cPerhaps you're right.I hope 20.\u2018We'll keep him busy at home anyhow; then we'll be doing our part, I guess.\u201d A FBW weeks later the kindergarten teacher sent a request that on the following afternoon Tom's mother come to achool to speak with her.After a fgiendly greeting Miss Martin began, \u201cI shall be very frank with you, Mrs.Brandon, because I know that something must be done for Tom.\u201d \u201cWhy, what do you mean?\u201d \u201cLet me explain.Tom is naturally one of the most intelligent of all my puplls, but surprisingly, one of the slowest and poorest at his work.\u201d \u201cI don\u2019t understand.\u201d \u201cShortly after the opening of school I noticed that Tom was a particularly quiet child.At first I thought it was simply bashfulness, but as the days went by and he continued to approach his work with hesitation, I realized that the trouble was much deeper than that.I believe the truth is that he is afraid\u2014afraid to do anything because it may be wrong.\u201d \u201cBut we have tried to be so careful with him.He should be as sure of himself as any child.Every evening his father plays with him and insists that Tom learn how to use his toys.\u201d \u201cInsists?\u201d Miss Martin was sllent a few seconds, then she said softly, \u201cMrs.Brandon, may I suggest that perhaps the difficulty lies in that very thing?You know, older people sometimes expect too much of a lktle child.\u201d \u201cOh.Perhaps we have done that.I know his toys are advanced for his I CARE GRENVELL LABRADOR MEDICAL MISSION NORTHERN MESSENGES LAUNCH MB One ees age; we thought that difficult things were best for him.\u201d \u201cDifficult things are all right as long as difficult means not easy; but when it refers to something really beyond the child\u2019s development it Is bound to affect his self-confidence if forced upon him, even though it is done by the most conscientious of parents.\u201d \u201cSo it is our fault.I understand that now.You will show us a way to help Tom, won't you?\u201d \u201cOf course.And because he is so young it should require only sincere sympathy and understanding to rebuild the confidence he has lost.\u201d toys, easy encouragement devoid of dictatorial tones,\u2019 continued association with others of his own age, and particularly a growing com- penionship with his father\u2014a' new joy in playing with him, a give and take, with Tom doing his share\u2014 these things soon wrought a change in the sensitive boy, and it was not many weeks before he was playing about the kindergarten as carefree as the other children.Miss Martin now found ample justification for her belief in Tom's native intelligence \u2014Is- sued by the .National Kindergarten Association, 8 West 40th Street, New York City.Making Snapshots Interesting \u201cy HAT must T do to take good pictures?\u201d First of all, you must keep your camera steady when making exposures.Practise without any film in the camera the art of squeezing the shutter lever down without jerking.Then when you have film in the camera you will be able to do it without producing that blurred effect which is all very well when you are faking a hurricane scene, but no good if you want clear-cut pictures, writes Stephen Black in the Weekly Scoteman.One of the secrets of sharp outlines is a sieady camera.You muat not get too close to your subject.Enormous feet and long legs are nearly always due to this particular fault.You must judge your exposure cor- rectly\u2014and if in doubt always err on i g 2 Hemestead, JULY 16, 1987.by an enormous out-of-focus thumb protruding from above, When photographing buildings you must keep your camera level and not tilt it upwards\u2014unless you intend to produce à \u201cnew angle shot.\u201d A tllted camera will give the effect that the building is falling backwards.You must always have sufficlent film with you, and learn to load your camera yourself.But you must read the instructions carefully.If you get light on the film every picture will be spoilt before you begin.Insert the spool into the camera without unrolling it.It should be put into the end opposite the winding key.If you have just removed a used film move the empty spool from wi this was unwound and change it over to the other end.Now unwind the new spool a little way until you are able to thread the pointed end the paper into the empty spool.spool, but do not tighten it too much, This causes \u201ccinch\u201d marks which ap- wind it until it tightens up.the-spool and stick it down according to the printed directions.The red paper should be folded back on the dotted line.Make What Your Hands Tell By Bernard Behrend, of the School of Public Health, University of Pennsylvania.HO has not observed the sign.\u201cFortunes Told by Palmistry\u201d?In these prophecies information is disclosed not only about secular matters, but frequently counsel is imparted concerning the state of health as discerned by lines of the hand.This may be an interesting method but it is not always infallible.Science reveals a more authentic and reliable story.Science has found that there are a few health rules that every one should observe because they lead to better living.Cleanliness i5 one of the finest health habits and should be cultivated, The most commonly disve- garded practice of cleanliness is that of washing the hands, especially prior to eating.One washes his hands as a matter of course when they are covered with grease, paint or other foreign matter.But who has not taken a fleeting glance at his hands and because they looked clean neglecbed to wash them before eating a meal?This is not an example to follow, for many persons expose themselves dally to disease just because they fail to take the time to cleanse their hands.T may be on the unwashed hands and beneath dirty nalls to endanger a person's health or the heath of individuals about him?The answer is bacteria, micro-organisms, The skin is an excellent site for their growth.There is organic matter present which suppkies the necessary nourishment, oll from the sebaceous glands, moisture and a suitable temperature.AI these factors are essential to bacterial Mfe, and the hands can therefore be spoken of as living culture plates.Various skin, respiratory and intestinal organisms may be found on the hands.While certain bacteria may be accidentally living there or lying dormant, these bacteria cannot help but be transferred to the mouth and pass into the system, especially when a per- aon eats with unwashed hands.Not only when food is eaten do the hands reach the mouth, but when finger nals are bitten and fingers are sucked.Disease-producing organisms may not affect a healthy person, but if for \"THERE is an extremely large increase in the counts of bacterial o- ganisms found on the hands in the winter as compared to the sunimer.This is explained by the excessive contamination of the hand» with organ- tems from the nose and mouth due to sneezing, coughing and coryzai conditions.It is possible that the prevalence of respiratory diseases during winter months can be accounted for by the increased discharge of nasal and oral mucous secretions.Careless ness in the use of the hands when sneezing and coughing may affect a near the original carrier of the germs, Consideration must also be given to articles handled dally, such as door knobs, pencils, telephones and trolley CAT gtraps, whereon organisms may be \"WILSON'S FLY PADS = Druggists, Grecers, WHY PAY MORE?CHEB WILSON FLY PAD CO, Hamilton, Cut, MOUNT ALLISON UNIVERSITY Guosüs J.TeURMAN, M.A., PD.Prosident Situated in Sackville, New Brunswick.A Residential Coliege with a wide range Courses excellent opportun for study.Lectures begin September Mth \u2018Write for endar.Ty THE WORLD OVER NATIONAL EXPRESS Money Orders Foreign Remittances Travellers\u2019 Cheques Your money can\u2019t be stolen i Re carry travellers\u2019 cheques.\u2018or safety, sconomy, convenience ia making remittances always use express money order.to buy at any Canadian Nati Railways station, express office or write Canadian Natlenal Express Money Gedur Dast.300 MGM Strest = MONTREAL up as the things or respiratory diseases are essentially hand to mouth infections.The hand ABITS that lead to health should be taught to children.Ii is the duty of parents to train their children placed on the proper washing hands, for surely this is a hyglenic exercise.Modern industrial and commercial dryers for the hands.* Tt is not of much value just to wash the hands for a moment under a cold rinsing is the most effective way.Under no circumstances should a public towel ar common cake of soap be used.I is far better to eat with dirty hands than to use the same soap and towel i to have syphilis.We hope the time will soon come when stringent laws will everywhere forbid the use of the public: towel.hands play a double role In causing decomposition may be transferred to the product by dirty hands of the employees, thus causing a loss te the company.The significance of clean hands is emphasized by the fact that à large eastern chain baking concern requires its saleagirks to handle all pastry and bread with waxed paper.WITNESS and Canadian Mementond, JULY 14, 1987, - Recognizing Poisonous Plants (Caexa and picnicking bring persons in contact with the poisonous plants of the woods and in some instances fear of poisoning discourages outdoor excursions.Polson ivy may always be recognised by the cluster of three leaves.Tt creeps along the ground and has a yellowish white berry in late summer, Polson oak is a small shrub with broad leaves like those on an oak tree.The poison sumac, a shrub, grows in swampy places and has long narrow leaves distributed along the stem.The department of public health of the state of Oklahoma gives this advice in a recent bulletin: It 1s the resinous sap that causes tre trouble if any part of these poisonous plants is crushed or broken.\u2018While cases of ivy or oak poisoning can usually be traced to direct contact with the plant itself, it is possible to be affected indirectly, for the sap can be carried on the furs of animals, on farm hnplements, golf sticks or balls, on clothing and shoes.HM you come In contact with poison 1yy and recognize the fact before the eruption breaks out, wash the body thoroughly with soap and water.A good lather of soap is necessary since the poisonous sap is not soluble in water and cannot be removed by water alone.When the first symptoms of redness and itching of the skin appear, one to several days after the exposure, & physician should be consulted.He will treat the condition with a neutralizing agent to dissolve the poison.\u2018The attack of ivy poisoning may subside in four or five days, depending on the amount of irritant and the sensitiveness of the skin.Individual susceptibility plays an important part.Some persons are extremely susceptible and others are resistant.HOME COOKIN CHERRIES RIPE By Madam Cherry Muffins: a muffin mixture with your favorite recipe or as foi- lows: Four tablespoons butter, six tablespoons sugar, one egg, two cups flour, half a teaspoon sait, four teaspoons baking powder, and three quarters of a cup of milk or water.When mixed add a cup of well-drained stoned cherries and bake in muffin tins.Cherry and Bread Pudding:\u2014Soak the bread in cold water till soft; then drain as dry as possible, and mash it smoothly.Stalk about half a pound (perhaps more) of ripe cherries, and stew them with a little sugar; when tender take out the stones and bruise the fruit.Now put a layer of the bread into a greased pie- dish; then a layer of cherry pulp; more bread, and so On.Adding sugar to each layer of bread.When the dish is almost full, pour over an egg beaten in a little mille and sweetened, and bake in a moderate oven.Cherry Toast:\u2014To tempt the appetite on a hot morning try this with a cup of delicate cocoa instead of coffee.The cocoa may be served cold, too, if you have no fancy for a hot drink: Toast thin, rather dry slices of bread a nice even brown, and while hot butter them lightly.Stew a quart of cherries, pitted or not, as you fancy, adding half a cupful of water.Pour over the toast in alternate layers of the fruit and toast.Set away and serve cold.While the cherries are still warm, sugar to suit the taste.Baked Cherry Dumplings:\u2014Mix and sit two cups flour, one half-teaspoon salt, four teaspoons baking powder.Add one tablespoon butter, rubbing it in with the tips of the fingers.Add gradually three-quarters cup rich milk or cream, putting it in with a silver knife.Toss on a lightly floused board, knead slightly and divide into eight equal parts.Roll out each part and place on each about one-half cup seeded cherries, two tablespoons sugar and a bit of butter.Pinch the edges together and arrange in deep baking dish.Cover generously with sugar and bits of butter, and pour on boiling water.Bake in a moderaie oven until brown.Cherry Junket:\u2014Stew cherries, sweeten them, then cool them, drain off the juice, reserving it for use as a drink or to make gelatine jelly, and place a large tablespoon of the fruit in the bottom of each glass dish.Pour on plain junket, leave in warm place until set.When serving top with another tablespoonful of cher- vies and whipped cream if desired.Grandmether\u2019s Cherry Pressrve:\u2014When preserving Morella cherries allow to every pound of fruit 1% I.of sugar and one gill of water.Select only ripe ches- ries, and those free from blemishes.Now ELEVEN THEY'RE ALL ¢¢J] HOPE we don't have another summer like last year,\u201d said a To- Tonto man to me the other day.\u201cWhy?What was the matter with it?\u201d 1 asked him.\u201cWhat! Don't you remember how hot it was,\u201d he exclaimed and then he went on to tell how he ruffered\u2014nearly fainted a couple of times, uncomfortable day and night.That was the burden of his story.Then I opened up on him\u2014and this is the gist of what I said.\u201cThere is no more necessity for a man to suffer from the heat than from the cold.I don\u2019t\u2014I enjoy both equally because my blood is in such condition that it keeps my body on its toes in any kind of weather, summer or winte:.\u201d To be up and coming at alt times is only a matter of a sufficient mineral reserve in the blood.But most people try to get along on mineral-deficient foods\u2014 demineralized by foolish methods of preparing or processing.Thus they violate the great basic law of life, health and youthfulness: \u201cA normal mineral reserve in the blood is nature's first defense against physical degeneration, old age, fatigue, disease and premature death.\u201d On the other hand, I live almost exclusively upon mineral-rich foods\u2014raw fruits and vegetables, milk and, most important, Roman Meal, Bekus-Puddy and Lishus, and drink at least six cups of Kofy-Sub daily.And, by the way, iced Koty-Sub is the most delicious summer drink I've ever tasted\u2014slightly bitter, slightly sweet\u2014icy cold\u2014amber colored\u2014 a hot day treat, and the richest thing in ALIKE TO ME minerals, and especially iron, known te me.It is better sweetened with honey or brown sugar.Roman Meal, Bekus-Puddy and Lishus can be served also cold.Cook for two minutes, let cool.Place in refrigerator over night.Serve for breakfast with cream or milk and homey, or fruit jelly or preserve and cream.Nothing can be more delicious.These Dr.Jackson products win the day for me and will win the doy for you.Why, I walked 14 miles daily throughout the hot days last summer.1 walked my seven miles this morning and enjoyed it\u2014will walk back again tonight And I'm thrilled every moment with the very joy of living and accomplishment\u2014thanks to Roman Meal, Bekus-Puddy, Lishus and Kofy-Sub, more than any and al} other things that influence my life.Write for proof from a great university that the Dr.Jackson products are by far the most important foods known for rebuilding and maintaining a normal mineral reserve in the blood, your first defense against old age, disease, fatigue and premature death, furnished free.Address: Robt.G.Jackson, M.D, 357 Vine Ave., Toronto, Juan té boil the sugar and water together for five minutes, then add the cherries to the syrup and boil together for ten minutes, removing the scum as it rises.The whole must now be turned into an earthenware pan and put aside until next day, when boil it again for another ten minutes, skimming i necessary.Put the cherries into small pots and pour over the syrup, Canned Cherries: \u2014Fill sterilized glass jars with stoned cherries, using ripe, fuil-flavored fruit.Fill up the.jars with heavy syrup (use four cups of granulated sugar to one cup of water, and boil five minutes), partially seal process for forty minutes, seal and store in cool, dry place, PEOPLE'S MART ADVERTISING RATES.\u2014Under this hesd- ing advertisements will be Inserted without display at a cash-with-order rate of three cents per word per insertion (minimum charge 45e per inesrtich).ÆIX consecutive insertions will be given for the price of POUR (minimum rate for six insertions $1.50.) A numbe or single letter is counted az ome word.When replies are to be addressed in care of the \u201cWit- Dess* Office, an additional charge of twenty-five oents is made.Copy for insertion in these columos should be in the \u201cWitases Ofice not lister than Priday morning to secure proper classification 10 following Weekly Edition.AGENTS WANTED AGENTS \u2014Buy Cheaper Whelesale.Smaliwares, notions, noveities, razor-blades, shoe-laces, aeedie- books, big profit items at lowest prices.All listed in our new Catalog.Write for free copy today.PHILLIP SALES, 56 Craig West, Mentreai.(Dept.18.ARTISTS SUPPLIES Compleis Range Of Brushes, Colers, Paper, Canvas Pastels for general Artiste\u2019 use fer Catalogue.ART EMPORIUM LTD, MH® McGill College Ave, Montreal CHESTERFIELD BARGAIN Piece Chasterfiold A Large 3 brown i i Ruptared?\u2014For ¥slief And Comfont Write SMITH MPG.COMPANY Dept 71.Preston.Out.BOOKS _\u2014 MEINE \u201cMAKE CANADA A LAND TO LOVE\".À Cilletz- BOOKING ORDERS ies i, PD 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.B.Commernoratives 83 79.1000 Different te Tan pres.in HUMAN 7 oo.123 Poe, Be Louis, Ma, U, 8 A 0.\u2014 \u201415\u2014approval Sheots 1.09, United Staten, Canada, world stamps 8c down ~~! a thn \" payment, \u201450 different #ape { - B Used Stamps AB Different 1, P.O.Box MW, _ Europe ts in a new offensive cap- tu the town of Brunete on July 6.Fighting was still go on when the capture was announced.In the north, Franco forces continued to advance upon Santander.x Following up the recent German and Italian demands that belligerent rights be given to the insurgen General Francisco Franco on July had addressed a note to foreign governments, reiterating his recent warnings in the Salamanca press that nations favoring the Valencia Government \u201cshould not be surprised if our international and economic policy closed our doors to thase who showed their enmity to us In our need.\u201d Government battalions swept into Villaneuva de la Canada, tegic west of Madrid, the Government announced on July 1, fapturing quantities of arms, ammunition an more than 100 prisoners.Eight thousand Italian and German troops and 700 Moors landed at in- nt-held Cadiz léss than two 0 and have been incorporated in Generalissimo Francisco Franco's Insurgent army, Spanish Government authorities charged on July 7.They based their charges on reports from a deserter of the 33rd insurgent Infantry regiment who fread from he Ln ns o e June 24 from Ceuta, ins nt stronghold in Spanish Morocco, deserter claimed.General Franco informed corre- #pondents on July 8 that he regarded withdrawal of foreign volunteers from Spain as impossible of realization.roblem, he declared, admitted of nelther formulation nor solution because the \u201cso-called Government\u201d at Valencia was not a Government, since it lacked the control necessary to carry out its pledges.The General said he wanted hear nothing more about conferences with Red rulers with or without Intervention of the powers, because the insurgents had only one aim\u2014total and absolute vie- tory in the war with the object of taining and perfecting the regime of the National State.Juan March, Spanish millionaire, gecompanied by four other insurgent sym] rs, embarked aboard the Conte di Savoia for Italy on July 8 on what is understood In Gibraltar to be à secret mission.Loyalist Spain\u2019s troops defending Madrid, transformed into an offensive force last four days, on July 8 captured Quijorna 18 miles west of the capital.On July 11 Spanish Government troops occupled Villanueva del Par- dillo, faking 800 more prisoners, thus widening their salient and carrying one step further this greatest offen- sjye of the Spanish civil war.Insurgent fleld commanders report- \u201c ed on July 11 that the Government offensive against the Madrid siege was smashed.The Republic\u2019s army, they said, \u201csuffered a great disaster.\u201d The French freighter Tregastel, forced to put into Bilbao on July 3 by the Insurgent cruiser Almirante Cer- vera, was released on July 11.The vessel was enroute to Santander to evacuate refugees when it was seized.The Spanish Government, ushing its offensive west of Madrid By lan and air, announced on July 12 its fliers had shot down 13 insurgent planes while its troops inflicted heavy casualties on enemy ground forces.- Insurgent aviators brought down eight pursult planes and five bombing plares on the Madrid front during the day, a communique issued on July 12 claimed.The communique asserted that around the central Madrid front ts continue to repulse Spanish divisions attacking Brunete and Villanueva del Pardillo.Arrival of 2.000 Moorish volunteers on the Spanish malnland to reinforce the insurgenis fighting against the Spanish Government offensive west of Madrid was reported on July 12 by usually rellable sources.A merclless purge of \u201cenemies\u201d behind the battle lines was demanded on July 12 by the Insurgent radio station at Bilbao.\u201cLet us not be too good or too pious.Let us not display too much compassion and pity for those who were cruel and sh themselves to be heartless,\u201d the broadcast sald.Premler Camille Chautemns\u2019 Goy- ernment drafted decrees on July 6 to renlenish France\u2019s depleted treasury \u2018with 10.000 000,000 francs (about $386.- 500,000).\u2018The step was taken after @ WITNESS and Canadian Hemestead, JULY 14, 1987.the relaxed the Bank of.France's ount rate, dropping it from six to five per cent.It was ac- led by reductions of interest on loans on securities from seven to aix per cent and Interest on 30-day loans from six to five per cent.France on July ¢ demanded reestablishment of the non-intervention trol around war-torn Spain on the reat of ceasing to guard her own southern frontier.À brief \u201coccupation\u201d of French territory by Span insurgent soldiers ended on July 6 when a com of French and Spanish officers agreed that original markers of the border near Bayonne were correct.Insurgent militiament had raised their red old flag over La Rhune Hill, mo the frontier markers.Charles Maurras, militant French Royalist leader, was released from of waiÂng supporters after serving an of supporters r se an eight-month sentence for aéticlos fine citing the public to violence and provocation political murder.\u201d The French Council of Ministers -decreed a series of new taxes calculated to balance the 1937 regular bud- t at a single stroke.It was signed By President Lebrun after it was presented to him by Finance ter Georges Bonnet.The Finance Minister declared the Government, fighting speculation and trying to protect the franc, decided to seize the profits of Speculators who bought foreign ex- \u20ac ge and gold between June 10 and June 30, when the franc was in dan- r.An increase of 20 per cent in come taxes on revenue above 20,000 francs ($772) à year, measures to increase the amount of taxes paid by the rich, action against tax evasions and increases in indirect taxes on stamps, telephones, tobacco and other articles An unidientified man flung a heavy glass bowl at Vice-Premier Blum, French Soclalist leader, as Blum stepped out of an automobile on a Paris street on July 9.The object failed to hit Blum.The bowl was wrapped in a sheet of paper on which was written \u201cVive la Rocque!\u201d - \u2018The Union of Hotel, Cafe and Res- taurant Workers on Ji 10 called a general strike in Paris.strike order was issued announcing that a general strike was decided upon employers in the hotel ind \u201crefusing to apply a 40-hour week five eight-hour days.Houses having applied the law,\u201d the order sald, \u201cwill remain open.\u201d The French Government will suspend international supervision of her 8 border at noon on July 13.Foreign Office announced on July 12 that since Portugal had made no move to re-establish international control of her Spanish frontier, France would remove facilities for the foreign observers stationed on- her boundary.Observers were posted France and Portugal by the 27-nation Neutrality Committee in an effort to keep men and arms from going to 8 .Portugal, friendly to the insurgents, recently refused to permit the Joreign agents to continue their u Premier Paul Van Zeeland of Bel- flum on July 12-accented the resigna- ion of Justice Minister r de Lavelaye.The resignation helped clear a bitter political\u2019 atmosphere caused by de Lavelaye\u2019s sponsorship of a recent bill granting amnesty to those Belgians deprived of certain civil rights for pro-German activity during the Great War.Nazi secret police on July 6 arrested Prof.Pankwing, assistant of Rev.Martin Nlemoeller at the Protestant Evangellcal Chürch of Jesus Christ in the Berlin suburb of Dahlem.Germany's official news agency distributed throughout the nation on July 6 a German newspaper's editorial assalling Robert W.Bingham, United States ambassador fo London, for a speech on despot.The editorial, printed in the Deutsche Allegemeine tung, charged that Mr.Bingham'\u2019s speech at an American Independence Day observance in London \u201cIncited the so-called democracies against the so-called dictatorships in almost unbelievable fashion.\u201d (Mr, Bingham told his London audience the day before that \u201cdespots have forced Amer- fica and Britain to undertake rearmament and, having undertaken it, we must necessarily win the rearmament race.If dictatorships are better to prepare for wars\u201d the ambassador sald, ndemocracles are better to finish Vars.\" .The reception given in Paris to Cardinal Pacelll \u2014 first Papal Secretary of State to visit the French capi: tal since 180 directed against Germany, the Voelkischer Beobachter, - ta - ing à miracle d +» « consult the manager of who will be glad to discuss your home improvement plans with yous organ of Chancellor Hitler, charged on July 9.The newspaper National.Soclalistiche Monatscheft expressed a suspicion that the Vatican had as sumed the role of mediator between Paris and Rome, and London and Rome, to destroy the Rome-Berlin (Sumner Welles, Us.Undersecretary © , achieved overnight popular- la tn Germany on July 9 through his rlottesville, Va., address.The Berlin press asserts that he had \u201cplaced himself wholly on the side Germany.\u201d What pleased the Germans most was Mr.Welles's declaration that the Versailes Treaty is responsible for the world\u2019s post-war difficulties.The -address of the Undersecretary of State also was universally accepted as reflecting President Roosevelt's views, A diplomatic protest will be made to Italy concerning the expulsion of an Austrian soccer team from that country.The incident is a sequel to the free-for-all fight in the Vienna Stadium between the Austrian Admira team and the Genoa Sleven, which were competing for the Cen! European Cup.Four Itallans were severely hurt.The match, which ended a tie, was to have been replayed in Genoa, but it was learned t the Itallan soccer authorities refused to allow the match to take place.The Admira players returned Vienna on July 11 announcing that they had been expelled from aly by order of Premier to Musso An Austra-German commission of experts has reached agreement to control the press in both countries \u201cin the Interest of the German race\u201d and en requent newspaper tacks on each other, it was announced officially on Julv 12, Police of Lisbon, Portugal, announe- ed on July 6 they Tad detained seve! rsons s 0 conn with the attempt to born Premier Antonio de Oliviera Salazar, Bruno Mussolini, son of the Premier of Italy and Lt.-Colone! Attillo Biseo, the Premiers fl: aide, on July 8 claimed a new world alrplane record for 1,000 kilometres.zoomed around a closed course at 264.34 miles per hour, The previous record of .564 miles per hour was hung up in Sentember, 1935, by Biseo and G.CastellanL George Lansbury, noted British Labor ve who recently expounded is Ideas on world peace Chancellor Hitler, on July 9 gave & similar ex- osition to Premier Mussolinl The mler received Lansbury, former Labor leader in the House of Commons, with cordiality and Lansb said Mussolini displayed keen in in his ideas.Count Galeazzo Ciano, Italian Foreign Minister, also was present.Premier Mussolini on July 1% told George, Lansbury, Labor member of the tish House of Commons, that he was wholeheartedly In favor of & world conference on peace, economic disarmament and limitations of armaments, but that the Initiative for such a gathering must come from some one other than himself.After this second interview with Mussolini, Lansbury told newspapermen Musso- Uni was not quité sure the present was the proper time for such a conference.The Holy Office at Vatican City on July 10 convicted Raffaele Codipietro, pa riest of Paganico Sabine, diocese of Rletl, of \u201csacrilege\u201d and excommunicated him on charges of fak- 8 Communion uly 20, 1036.service In his chuch A Boviet Gove t comm: on July 6 aid both sides Toffees heavy casualties in a clash between Soviet and Japanese-Manchukuoan soldiers the day previous.The newspaper Uralski Rabotchik (Ural Worker) published at Sverd- lovak, declared om July 7 that Jacob \u201cenemy of the * and dismissed from office.rame source sald other officials of the agency had been dismissed on charges of Trotskylsm and sabotage.Sixty-four additional alleged wreckers of Russian railways were Toported on July 8 to have been execu in the Soviet far.east.Soviet Russia pro ted to Japan on July 8 against a violation of an agreement to withdraw armed forces from disputed islands in the Amur River, scene of fighting last week.Boviet Foreign Commissar Litvinoft made the protest to Japanese Ambassador Mamoru Shigemitsu.A meeting of the Central Executive Committee on July 9 unanimously adopted the Soviet Union's new election law.The law secret voting by all Soviet citizens 18 years of age or over, without distinction for social or re us reasons.The first election of members of the Supreme Court under the new law probably will be held next fall.Advices received on July 11 by the Japanese Pmbassy at Moscow said that 24 additional alleged Wreckers of Soviet Russian rallways were execu Saturday at Khabarovsk, in Siberia.The announcement was made in an Lasue of the Khabarovsk Pacific Ocean Mikhall Gromoff, noted Soviet aviator, took oft shortly r 3 am.on July 13 from Chelkovo near Moscow, on a flight across Pole to San Francisco.He was accompanied by a radio operator and a navigator.New Messenger Serial ! A BENEVOLENT CONSPIRACY HERE had been bad blood for fifteen years between the members of Eagle Point Athletic Union and their rivals, the Panthers, in the little Eastern Quebec town, long before Bob Macey, who had returned from the West with his parents, had ever heard of either organization.Ned Carter was also a new fellow in town.His folks moved in from Ontario just a few weeks ahead of Bob.Ned joined the Panthers and found them a decent crowd.Bob had thrown in his lot with EPAU.The two boys, free from local and inherited prejudices, \u2018saw instantly through the folly of this long-continued bitterness.They pledged themselves to bring about peace between the two organizations.How they fared, and the many obstacles that interposed to impede thelr efforts are related in the Messenger\u2019s new serial, \u201cTrouble at Tempest Lake\u201d, by that old favorite, Gordon Phillp England.\u201cTrouble at Tempest Lake\u201d opens in the current issus of the Northern Messenger.Address P.O.Box 3070, Montreal."]