Montreal witness and Canadian homestead the people's paper, 27 juin 1923, mercredi 27 juin 1923

[" MONTREAL WITNESS sonn DOUBALL à SON, Publishers + Mac Te Batts EXT Sunday will be the fitty-sixth birthday of our Domialon.The natal day of \u201cOur Lady of the Snows\u201d falls in à time of year when it is difficult to believe that there is such à thing às snow.Our glorious summer is on us in all its splendor.The sun has attained a power almost tropical the foliage is thick and luxuriant, the flowers are reaching toward mature bloom, the promise of the harvest is al resdy apparent and there are yet long months of summer weather before we.To some, Dominion Day means the beginning of a lovely holiday among the mountains or by the seashore.To others, it means only a week-end in summer when they can got away from the noise and grime of city lite and renew their souls in feilowship with Mother Nature.It is strange, per haps, that this most patriotic dsy in our Year Is marked by little self-conscious patriotism.Three days later, our cousins to the South wil be celebrating \u201ca safe and same Fourth,\u201d ia which, at its safest and sanest, bonfires wiil blaze rockets will boom, the starspangled banner will wave, and the bird-of-freedom scream most lustily.For Dominion Day there will be references from the pulpit, newspapers will voice the correct platitudes, and some flags will be flown.The comparative ad sence of noise and demonstration in connection with Dominion Day does not signify any real lack of patriotism.It fs a wituess to our British blood.The typical Briton, like Stalky in Kipliag\u2019s story, would consider the flag desecrated by *flag-flapping.\u201d In a new mation whose character is in the making\u2014a nation, moreover, being built up of maay diverse materialsa\u2014a furnishing of symbolism Is more necessary.Canada's heroic period Is as rich as any and in recent years we have had herées as brave, as devoted, as ever there were in the records of older nations, It is the fashion in some quarters just now to seek forgetfulness of tho war and of all relating to it It is weil that its hatreds should be forgotten, but we would be ungrateful, and un-Christian, indeed, did we ever forget the weariness aud pain and the sacrifices of life by which our present security was purchased.Truly, we should hold our Canadian, and our British citizenship a sacred thing, see- fag it was preserved to us at such fin.estimable cost.Patriotism is truly \u201cmot enough,\u201d hut ît ie à question it a noble lite cam be developed without it.As the man who loves his own kin will serve his kind the better, so one can hardly learn to love other nations except he first love his own.Therefore, even if the expres sions be crude, we are giad, at school closings and the like, when patriotic themes are chosen for the display of ju- veaile oratory.We are pleased to see Canada hymned in verse, even though so often the divine afflates fs comspicuons - by its absence.A Land Te Love.* N common with the rest of the worid, Canada, since the war, has experienced its period of depression.We have, however, kept our courage and our confidence, and men of clear visian tell us that they See light at the end of the tunnel.And Canada is winning a name for herself in other than the material fleld.In am age not moted for its artistic appreciation, our literary output is considerable and of a worthy order.In the union of the Churches also we have made an altogether notable experiment, which is bound to have its effect tar outside our national borders.We have a country to be proud of, noble in extent, fair to the eye, rich fn natural re sourees, but, better still, a country inherit.Ing glorious ancestral traditions, a cous- try wkose people are brave, temperate, vigorous, law-abiding, Godfesring.Xt 13 7 VOL.LXXVIH, 28.for us to develop these great qualities.To rest on past achievement means stagnation and decay; to press onward toward the horison of greater things means that this horizon shall ever grow wider, amd that ever ahead there shall be more worlds to conquer.But let un all, each in our own sphere and way, set ourselves consciously to make Canada a land to love.The Ontario Debacle, 8 we go to press returns from Om- tario show an overwhelming Conserve.tive victory.Mer.Ferguson will bave a majority over the combined opposition of more than forty.Details of the voting are not yet to hand so that an anaiysis of the results is not yet possible.Of the one hundred and eleven constituencies, sixty- six were contested by more than two candidates.When the figures are available it will be interesting to guesa what the results might have been if the single transferable vote had been used.The most obvious lesson is that division amongst those of progressive inclinations has givem advantage to the conservative element.Unable to compose the comparatively small differences between them- seives, they hand over government to those whose principles and policies are almost wholly at variance with those of every degrees of liberalism.There was disseu- sion within the ranks of the United Farmers of Ontario asd antagonism between the Farmer Group and Liberals.Mr.Morrison had left Mr.Drury open to the charge that his goverament policy would be sub Ject to the domination of the farmers\u2019 cooperative organisation.That alone was enough te outlaw the Farmers\u2019 Party.The election of 1919 cut across party lines and the Farmers\u2019 party drew its strengtk from both the old parties.A reversal bas taken place and the mew provincial government will be almost identical in composition with the Conservative government which preceded the Drury administration.Obviously the electors have gone back to their old loves, and many- reasons will be given therefor.The Wet Vote.OW far did the wet vote contribute to the overthrow of the Farmers\u2019 party?Some time ago Mr.Ferguson told the people that he had devised a liquor policy that would please everybody.What that policy was he refused to tell, but the mere mention of such a possibility raised the hopes of the thirsty ones.Later, out of deference to prohibition sentiment within his own party, Mr.Ferguson hedged on the question and finally came out with a declaration that the O.T.A.would be enforced until the people, by plebiscite, demanded its removal.We look for that plebiscite soon after the Ontario House convenes.The wets knew they could leak for no sympathy from either Liberals er Farmers and, remembering Mr.Forgunasa's animosity to the Ontario Temperatoe Act, pinned thelr (hith and hopes oa him, ia spite of his meaningless eleventh-hour avowal.It meant nothing more than \u201csince the O.T.A.is the law of this prov- face I will enforce it until | can do away with it.\u201d The Manitoba decision will have given the liquor people everywhers confidence and hope.Those who wish to have the Ontario Temperance Act continue had better gird thelr loins for the battle\u2014and do It betimes.We shall be sorry it Ontario is deprived of the services of iwo so capable and honest leaders as Mr.Wellington Hay and the Hon.Mr.Drury.Manitoba's Liquor Vete.8 all the world knows by this time, the Manitoba referendum resulted in CANADIAN HOMESTEAD The People's MONTREAL, JUNE 27, 1928, \u201c Make Canada a Land to Love\u201d the defeat\u2019 of Prohibition by an over.whelmning majority.There is nothing to be gained ia concealing the fact trom ourselves or from others that this is a serious blow to the prohibition cause.The people bad ample warning: the referendum was mot sprung on them suddenly as it was im Quebec four years ago.The case for prohibition was plainly stated by hundreds of zeslous workers.One of the most regrettable features of the affair is that the result marks a retrograde and reactionary movement in the popular mind.Prohibltionisis and other reformers are accustomed to knocks when the reforms they advocate are new and untried.To lose ground which had been gained after decades of education and of struggle, and which had been held for seven years is indeed a bitter experience.Many reasons wlll be -\u2018vanced for this reversal of Man.oba's traditional temper ance policy.Thore bas beem In some localities considerable change In the ma- tional and racial complexion.In many Instances prohibitionists, over confident, relying on the record of past victories, were not as slert mor as active as they should have been.And again, there was the fact that a general underground campaign had been carried on to bring the law into contempt.Theres were violations: in some localities the enforcement was not what it should have been: and this, by some queer logic, was blamed on the law and not on the violators.The law had accomplished much good.During the first year of its operation there was a reduction of eighty percent of drunkenness.and of fifty percent of all crimes.Sir James Aikens testified that \u201cthe re suit Is beneficial Beyond expectation\u201d The years succeeding the war have, however, all over the world, been marked by mental and physical unrest, desire for change and excitement, and hatred of anything savoring of restriction.At the psychological moment came the \u201cModeration League,\u201d with its wonderful promises of a system which would eliminate lawbreaking, foster liberty, encourage temperance, and bring large financial gains to the community.When Mr.F.W.Rus sell, president of the Moderation League, heard the result of the referendum, he said that great benefits would come to the province from the day's work.The bootiegger would be eliminated, the rev- enues- would be augmented, and social and moral progress sided.Men and women had risen against the demon probi- dition.The dream of government control eliminating the bootlegger and aiding social and moral progress will sound grimly satirical to anyone acquainted with conditions in Quebec or British Columbia.The Lesson.HE vote in Manitoba is valuable as an Index of public opluion.Truth, however unpalatable, cannot, in the long run, burt anyone.We heard a Salvation Army preacher commenting on the parable of the Prodigal Son: \u2018And when he came to himself \u2014well, he came to a pretty bad lot.didn\u2019t he?\" We do not imply that Manitoba is a \u201c bad lot,\u201d but it is better at amy cost that prohibitionists should know the prevailing temper of the province than that they should sail serenely on, satisfied that with a prohibition law on the statute books, whether with public opinion behind It or not, all was weil.They must start and build again from the foundation that public faith in prohibition which bas been destroyed.For prohibl- tion has mot been defeated fn any real sense.Public opinion may shift and change, but a principle founded on truth and justice cam never die Mr.W.A.FIVE CENTS, 10.00 A YEAR Montreal and Suburba.12,40 Wood, leader of the prohibition forces, put this very succintly: \u201cThe results .are extremely disappeinting, but in mo way affect our confidence in the value and validity in the principle of prohibition .The trade has had its temporary return.The temperance people, if | know them at all, will have learned the lesson by tonight that only sleepiess and eternal vigilance can save us from the invasion of the liquor power\u201d The immediate duty of prohibitionists is to rally for a determined stand against \u201cbeer and wine\u201d at the referendum of July the sixth, This will be hard work with forces naturally dispirited after the recept reverse.But a strong resistance to \u201cBeer and Wine\u201d would let the liquor people know that they have not got it all their own way.And, above everything, temperance people, both in Manitoba and throughout the Dominion, must immediately enter on a great, persistent campaign of education.We cannot expect grapes of thorns or figs ot thistles, and without a people taught in the truths of temperance and of prohibition we cannot hope for a permanency in prohibition law.We are in possession of great masses ot scientific data in support of total ab- stineuce.and prohibition, of which former generations knew nothing.There has been some little effort fn the city of Montreal to bring this to the public eye by means of posters, but such work must be taken up on a scale commensurate with its importance.Need Of Education.NE hears a good deal about edw cating the masses, and we do net hear enough of it.But we hear almost nothing at all about educating the leaders of men, and.of all people, they most need education.When will the leaders learn?There have been object lessons enough that victory as the result of a = is very probable, and If achieved, is short lived.Emotions are like toy bab looms; one small pin prick and they cod lapse.We venture to say that the struggle for continued prohibition in Manitoba was lost because of the gullibility of toe many probibitionists rather than because of the strength of the liquor interests.Undoubtedly the latter put up their utmost effort, and were abundantly aided from outside, but their chief line of attack was in the guise of temperance and such a measure of prohibition as they declared would be more practicable of enforcement because so much more reasouable.They professed almost to abhor the evils of drink as much as any.They did not attack as liquor advocates, but as Moders- tionists, as enemies of the bootleggers, as the champions of honor, of liberty, and of economy, too, for the revenues would maintain the measures for enforcement besides yielding surpluses for better roads, hospitals and the like.In & word, they were the champions of common sense in contradistinction to those pharisaic enthusiasts who entirely lack balance, and most of whom are in the fight for a fight's sake, or to pose as reformers at the expense of others.Such talk, well timed to the eleventh hour, easily pricked the bubble of incipient enthusiasm.made eleventh.hour converts of some, and left others without enough zeal to go to the polls.Why?Was it not largely because too much dependence was put on the campaign and too little on regular year in year out instruction on the part of Church, Sunday-school, press and platform.of the evils, not only of intemperance but of drinking alcoholic beverages.evlis economic, physical, moral, spiritual\u2014evils more needing discussion when, under a measure of prohibition, they are so much less obvious that they are apt to be overlooked or underestimated by tbe rising generation and the newcomer?The liquor {uterests are shrewder.Thele propaganda is coutlauous, sometimes covert and ls sidious, sometimes blatant, according to time and glace.The news and editorial rwo columns of many papers seem to be at thelr service, even some of those whe just sow dare not carry advertising of alcohelic beverages.There are doubtless other ways ot rewarding such, as well as penal ising publishers who dare oppose their in tereata.Prose Propagande.T HE fact of the matter is that white the liquor people are floeding the country with statemests that prokibitien does not probibit, and the like, the pre Aibitionists, mot baving the same financiet interest, are using the press too little.It they supplied it with answers to the statements made by the liquor interests, and the publishers refused to give equal pub- lelty te such, the people would soem ses who controlled their papers.And if any | publisher holds that his space is more suitable to the one vilain who breaks the law than to the ninety and mime whe live hoserably, that, too, will give you his measure.Or, if hig city editions are wet with liquor advertising amd propaganda and his rural paper as dry as a bone, you will kmow (hat the latter is dry because it dare mot be wet\u2014as yet.But how long wili it remain dry if it can see its way te derive profit as does the city editions, published by the same publisher, from advocacy of alcobolic heverages® ! Yet thousaads of prohiditienists\u2014and we | might add, professional prohibitioniste\u2014 are directly coatributing to lhe larger im- fluence of a man whoee city daily saeers at prohibitionists and at Progressives.And they take it lying down.The lesson from the Manitoba defeat is that referemdum campaigning can only be successful if the people are already so well established im their convictions that they camsot be swayed by such specious professions as the moderationists proclaimed.How often can they win by the same trick?Though perhaps in different guiee, it will probably be the same trick mext time.Surely am other lesson is that as the press is the chief agency of the liquor interests 't should alse be one of the chief agencies of the prohibitiomists.Fumilies brought up on the Witaess have a way of voting right.Dees that mot suggest something?If papers wholeheartedly devoted to prohibition do not have as large circulations as those friendly to the liquor interests, or that are om the femce.then the work of | stemming the retrogression movement must be chiefly done by individuals amd organizations less equipped for this warfare than are the liquor interests.But, fudeed, there must be more team play between all the forces of rightecusmess before they will gain a decisive victory.Well Meaning De Nethings.F the program ie prohibition through education, sue hears from all sides that faculcation is tee slow.that conversion and prohibition by legislation will do the trick.When asked to take part in a referendum or election campaign these eleventh hour methods are no use unless the peopie are prepared for reform, in which case they will not need urging.And it the vole goes agaimst the reform\u2014Oh.well, of course it wa a foregone conlu- sion.The people were swept off their feet by bogyman or siren for jack of knowledge of ememy tactics and of established conviction! These people aiways know the Tight (hiag to say and say it freely, though seme ef them did nothing, did not even take the trouble to vote.We need to hear more of the sacred privilege and respous!- bility of the franchise.And the man or woman who allows persons] cenvenlence to- intervene in the face of such duty knows nothing of the dignity of citiseaship, and should be held in public contempt.We hope the well-intentioned parasites who stayed at home when the battle was on in Manitohs and im Ontario will so revoit at their own callousmess that they will here and mow determine fn their hearts to be among the first at the polling booth ever afterwards.Unneighberiinese.F Canada wents to be bated snd de spised.and then {ll-used by ber neigb- Bor, she has only te keep up her unfriend- MONTREAL WITNESS AND CAN ADIAN HOMESTEAD, JUNE 27, 1008, altogether any more 1ban the United States fs.But she is certainly able to wash her hands of it, to refuse to be a party to it, us she is by giving cargoes of liquor clear.unces for United States ports.By so do ing she is somewhat in the position of the British government in forcing opium oa Chima im apite of the Chinese in response to certain trade interests.16 Canada cau- not forbid this thing it cam only be be cause her goverament or parlisment le in the clutches otf the liquer trade.Washing: tom is already attributing Canada's refusst to co-operate with her effort to abolish drink.even to the extent of forbidding shipments thither, to vindictiveness at Washington's three-mile limit oa liquor- bearing ships.This is probably \"a weak invention of the enemy.\u201d It has no probability om its side, but it shows the opora- tion of the beginnings of misunderstand: ing amd strife, which, like water through a dyke or a fire ia the bush has a great wey of emlarging itself.This fellowship of Cassada with liquor might rather be called reaction, as the liquor interests within Cansds sre aided and encouraged and ubetted by the liquor interests ia the Uni tod States, and the object of those interests is not to iajure Canada but to injure prohibition in the United States.But that we suspect Americans themselves to have a hand in it does not make it one whit less indefeasible on Canada\u2019s part.It is vaio to say that there is mo law that would warrant the refusal of liquor clearances for the United States.Parlameat is in session, and no ome is forbidding Canada te make the law as she wants it.The trouble is that as represemted by goverz- ment and parliament she seems to have the law as the liquor miem want it.The Lesion Evening Rtandard calls upem the British government to make it per fectly plain to the United States that the people ef Britain \u2018have no interest or com- ceru in the experiment of prohibitien, and it is met our business to give or deny a fair chance for the dry law.\u201d lt is the reasoning of the Levite in the parable of the maa fallen among thieves.Reading this, the republic may remember ber own declarations of nentrality when, in the first yearn of the war Britain was fighting the world's enemies, as the United States to day is fighting them.though at far less odds or cest.1?the people of Britain bave not the wisdom or the courage to lead in this great moral reform, it is a sign of retrogresaicn.But she ought at least to be thamkful to see the experiment of prohibition tried by another mation ou so vast and conclusive a scale, and be willing to help to make the test a thoreagh ane.Meantime the United States would be vindicated in dealing out the severest kind of penalty to such as are caught in the attempt to debauch ler people\u2014surely the meanest kind of high treason.The Nation's Stepfathers.E would not say that the House of Commons ie a more virtuous bedy than he Senate.Jadeed, ft was largely because the traditional ways by which elections have been carried im the past excluded many of the best of men from politics that the Senate was devised as a placid upper heaven, above the storms of political strife, in which the elders of the nation, who could not be induced to seek election, could be called into the service of the nation.The experiment has prove a failure.To a considerable extent the Benate has been made up of politiclans rua to seed-\u2014persons whom parties in power wished to dispose of.The most noted function of the Senate would appear to be to balk the better aspirations of the people.The House of Commons may be made of mo better stuff, but it lives in a less stuffy atmosphere.It is on deck amid every breese that blows.It has a whole: some respect for the people; mostly, of course, for the active election forces, but even for those good people who are nowhere im an election comtest.Indeed, a party.haa arisem which represents a poll- tically mobilized people, whose represents.tives are in the closest touch with their constituents at whose didding they are held by some to cast their votes.It fs exasperating for those urging = messure ty herrage of érink, and sey she cannot expressing the.conscience of the peeple, help it.She may not be able to stop it! who have swocesded with it in the Conf mous, to have it sauffeé out by the Set ate, over which they bave no coatrol, and for whose action the country bas Bo re spect, looking upon it as, in contentious matters, the mere mouthpiece of the pariy | which predominates tu it, and, as in med.party matters, swayed by capitalistic in terests.When these interests rum coun ter to the people the member of the Com- mong can satisfy the appeal of his electors with an understanding with the ememy forces that it will be sauffed out ia the Senate.A Nuleance Sustained.E hailed the Gouin amendment Ww the betting law and its passage through the House of Commens for two reasons.One was that Bir Lomer Gouin said it was what Mr.Raney, tbe Attorney Gemeral of Outario, wanted, and we knew that Mr.Ramey, a capable lawyer, was & whole-hearted ememy of the vice it deait with.The other was that it seemed to deal drastically with the newspapers which devote themselves te the prometion of that vice, a feature of the matter which multiplies by many times the mischief of\u2019 it te the community.It was held by Ses- ator Pardee, the chairman of the Benste Committee on the subject.that the amend ment was ro advance on the existing law.a view that was taken by an official adviser.Se the chairman gave mo casting vote; the well-balanced committee was a tio, and the report was that the bill be dropped for lack of a majority in the cem- wittee.The measure was thus mioely slain.And the mewspapers which regard betting mews as their meet paying dope will go on as hitherto.The argument that the bill meant nothing could only be accepted on the theory that two very eminent lawyers had between them concocted a nugatory measure, whether through incompetence or intention.Another argument urged by the opponents of the measure seems to contradict the theory that they comdemned the law be cause it was without effect.It was that it was unfalr to put Canadian papers at & disadvantage as compared with American ones, which would just come im and take their place.If one Was looking for a mo tive for dropping the bill, here it is.The law would mot be nugatory, but would spoil the gambling business of the news papers.Here would be a fine chance to match the United States coast-wise liquor law.It would be a simple thing to make the measure applicable to all papers com- tag into Camada.If the United States should claim that such action comtra- vened our posta] agreement with them, we could answer that that agreement did pot cover immoral literature, amd that our law had as good a right to declare betting propaganda to be contrary to the public well-being as they had to declare drink a pubiic nuisance, and the better element in both countries would realize the force of that.We could add that it was American legislation with regard to race-track gambling that had driven the pest to Canada.Indeed, we canmot under the circumstances, imagine that there would be the beginning of a remonstrance from Washington if we treated United States papers exactly as we did our own.Anether Obetruction.HE Senate also did its worst to ob struct the law giving the provinces power to forbid the private importation of liquor, by forbidding them to act through their own governments on the matter, The superior wisdom of this dig- nifled house was illustrated by Sesator Taylor, who sald that to permit this was a violation of the constitutional privileges of the people.The attorney generals of the provinces had, he said, joined in this request for personal liberty without knowing the effect of it.That in, they did not understand it as well as Senator Taylor.fo the Senate im its obstructive wisdom put a spoke in the law, the biggest they dared, by forbidding the provinces to act through their governments and requiring the ponderous intervention of a fresh ple biscite in every case.Of course the provinces were free to go that round-about way if they thought well.It is very faiher- A LS : .eng ly ot the Sonate to prescribe that method to the dear children who do Bot know their own minds.Senator Tayler bas found a lot of ways in which the bill wi incommode tbe liquor imterest ia British Columbia, some of them mot obviously germane to this question of private importation.Semator Demdarand, speaking for the govermment, thought Mr.Taylor was not very well posted evea as to the popular mind of his own province of Brit ish Columbia, whick, in a recent plebiscite had already distinctly pronounced against the right of private Importation.The government, he said, was not seeking to legislate for.thh wealthy one percent that Semator Taylor knew about, but for the ninety-nine percent who wanted this mousure.The fatherly Benate, however, showed its Comservative amd capitalistic blay by deciding in favor ef Semator Taylor and the wealthy ome percent and the liquor interests.The Attorney Gemeral of British Columbia is sorry the Semate bas put the province te am expense ef seventy.five thousand dollars as it will coat thet to hold a plebincite.That is, he counts that it will cost the government that.But what of the voters?What will it cost them to vote?Amd wimt will be spent on eme side and the other om getting them te the polis?How the voters will bless the Benate, aad in particular their own Hemater Taylor.Mr.Masses makes no bomes about what he regards as the real ground of the flenater\u2019s action.He says he always felt that the bootlegging interests were powerful, and now he mows it.The Peer Man's Bread Spread.HY dees Mr.Motherwell wast to permit (he importation and manu facture of renevated butter?Je he satis fied that oles has beem banished forever?Mr.Forke wi] not have it 50, and reminded the Minister of Agriculture tbat the cleo question now stands om its merits and that a decisiem will have te be made for or against it nome day.On a clear cut issue we book for a different result than that of a few weeks ago when the question suffered from its association with a detestéd war-time Order-in-Council.Mr.Motherwell put forward bis resolution asking for permissive legisiation, to become operative by Order-in-CoumcH only when a demari for remevated butter should be made, and, im any case, not for ous year.Although he very vigarousty defended his cheap spread against hostile criticism he said lie was sot wedded to his own proposal and as far as he was concermed it could be post posed for a week or a menth or forever.He was ready bimself to move an amendment te forbid the importation of removes ted butter.He had pledged himself to wd-¢ vosate renovated Lutter if olec was bag ned, and be was fuifiiling his pledge.A Petitie Policy.AD the government an eye to the future?It woul be very comvemfent to be able to tell the electors who wanted oleo that the governmeat bad arranged that they coulé have real butter for very little more than they paid for olep.Expert evidence will be required to show the rels- tive worth of this substitute.Mr.Mother- well says it coasists of the butter made by our frostier farmers who produce it under _ _ primitive.conditions and, owing to their distance from the wholesalers cannot de- Mver it in good condition.This bad botter is melted and deodorised, and the rancid taste washed out.A complicated pre- cess fimally produces am article which looks and tastes like butter, but will not keep amd which, its opposents claim, in the process, has lost the vitamines for lack of which olec was condemned.These are matters which must be left to experts, but it seems clear that oleo can be manufactured from pure and wholesome materials, while removated butter is originally unfit for bumas consumption.What the people want to know is, is renovated butter a pure aad wholesome article of food?Can its manufacture be so super- rised as to ensure that no delsterieus substances are pui into it, Can its sale be regulated so that it will be sold omly for what lt is?If these questions can be amawered in the affirmative, then it is om \u2014l axactiy the same footing as oleo, and it should be made available to the people.Otber qiestiona which must be considered are the effect on our butter standards and on our export trade.The right and wrong ot the matter is not far to seek.If the article is tit for food we should have it as we should have olec.To allow renovated butter and prohibit oleo is the rankest form of protection for the dairy interests.Lowering The Standard?HERE is also the danger that if the market for rancid butter is stimu.tated there will be even loss care in the frontier farm dairy.People too easily settle down on the minimum requirement of law and custom.While no good food should be wasted, it is possible that thers may be more waste rather tham less by legailsing the renovation of bad butter.The prodycers of bad butter are mot all careless.Bome are lacking ia knowledge as to the care and processes essential to the production of good butter.If we plant untrained farmers on our lands we owe them training in the A.B.C.of farming.The Department of Agriculture issues splendid pamphlets on such subjects, but how many of these reach the people who most need them or are handy to them when most needed.Inspection and \u2018education should go hand in hand as an agri- cultaral mission to the farmers who are not trying to approach worthy aad worthwhile standards.The Wheat Board.OW far may the element of compulsion enter into co-operation?Ethic ally, co-operation should be voluntary, but in practice, pure principles are not always possible of full and immediate application.The limitations of humsn nature have to be admitted and allowed for.Practically every volunteer association has rules and by-laws which must be agreed to for the general purpose and well being of the association.The least constraint upon its members with which a co-operative concern can successfully function is an agree ment to fuifil the conditions of member ship for à given period.Granting the justice and necessity of such constraint, it does not foliow that the greater degree of compulsion meditated in the proposed wheat board was either just or necessary.That was a complete denial of the funda- mentais of cooperation.The proposal was to revive the compulsory wartime board.That institution, im common with all other war-time interferences with trade, was better dropped with the passing of the special circumstance which gave it birth.Manitoba would have mome of the compulsory board.Her crop matures earlier than do the crops of Saskatchewan and Alberta, she has a shorter rail haul and can put her crop on the market earlier and at legs cost than can the other prairie provinces, and she is not disposed to throw these advantages lato the pool.With Mant- toba out of it the other two are not prepared to go ahead with the compulsory board, and this year's crop will bs maf- keted through the private companies.If this disappointment is the means of urging the wheat growers to devise & permanent and stable marketing organisation it will have been a blessing in disguise.We believe a purely voluntary marketing or- Ganisation can be successfully worked and with suceess, it would gain strength and ensured permanence.The aim of such am organization would be to uitimate.iy have the handling of practically the whole crop.This will, no doubt, bring down on the growers the taunt that they seek monopoly.but we cannot see that it would operate to the hurt of the consumer so long as the price of the product is determined in the world's markets.The functions of the marketing agency would be marketing rather than price fixing.Marketing includes such impor tant factors as shipping routes, storage, insurance, and financing the growers and decisions as to whers and whea to sell to best advantage.What is Normaloy?ROM Armistice Day on we were all looking to a speedy.return to what President Hardisg calls normalcy.ome MONTREAL WITNESS AND CAN ADIAN HOMESTEAD, JUNE 27, 1923.© of us liked the word, but we thought we knew in a general way what it meant.Vaguely it was the state of things before the war.That, at ail events, has not ma- terlalised, nor is it-ltkely to.We are getting gradusily to feel that normalcy is the state of things that is, because it has to be.One definite step towards it that has yet to be taken is the return to the gold standard\u2014the payment of gold on demand for paper money that promises it.That.it is to be feared, is about all wo can hope to do.The rest must be left to nature.We have to open our eyes to the fact that the value of the actual gold dollar has made a great tumble.Labor's demands are based on the high cost of living.Much has to be allowed for the higher standard of living now demanded.That is perhaps not all to the good.There is some injurious luzury and indulgence.There is sbroad a curious doctrine that it is wrong to save money, therefore right to squander it.But it is fair to say that most of it is gain to society in the shape of more comfortable and refined homes, and fn a great reduction of social inequality in ali that belongs to the real well-belng of life.It is true that higher wages means higher cost of living, and that higher cost of living demands higher wages: but we cannot add, \u201cso on ad infinitum.\u201d There are great ocean currents, but the comquering rule is that all things tend to equilibrium, and by making such general comparisons as we have here been doing we see that the gold dollar fails to balance what it did of the good things of life.It has gome, somewbat precipitately down hili\u2014all the king\u2019s borses and all the king's mea cannot put it up again.Gold will get cheaper rather than dearer.The gold mines are not going to peter out.We are forever hearing of the discovery of new ones, whose product will be all to the bad.Nor is gold going to be carried again in peo ple's pocket books in the same way as it was in some countries before the war banished it.Commerce needs it less in proportion to its transactions.It uses it more and more as a measuring rod and tess and less as aa actual medium of exchange.One Body.AUL set great store by the figure that the Church was the body of Christ; a figure made vivid through much of the Saviour's own teaching.It was more than a figure to him\u2014so much so that when thers began to appear divisions in the Church, he exclaimed in consternation: \u201cIs Christ divided?Are you going to commit so horrible a crime against Him as to sever His very body?We may hold what theories we may about essential spiritual unity ia outward diversity.It remains that the body is the expression of the spirit, and if there is unity of spirit the body will irresistibly conform thereto.it had to be, however, that people would have but broken lights of the full-orbed Sum of Righteousness, whose ineffable being and mission they so very dimly comprehended.Useless to ask people who think at all to think alike, or great teachers to teach alike.Paul, the man of visions, to whose consciousness direc\u2019 revelation from heaven was supreme real ity, on whom the mystery of Christ's God.like-ness kept coming with ever new ecstasy, could not present that great dis covery in the same way as Apollos, who was \u201cmighty ia the Scriptures\u201d aad reasoned entirely from them, or as Peter, whose ingenuous loyalty took form in years of affectionate and very human fellowship beside his own mountain lake of Galilee.Stil] more, as time went on, the Greek, trying to give intellectual defini tion to undefinable facts, would get far apart from the Jew, who cared nothing tor abstractions, but dug deep into his own oracles to tind there a rock foundation for his taith To one class of minds, ceremonial, faintly understood, but appealing to the senses, would become more snd more sacred through long and reverent usage.With another class, philosophic pussies, auch, for instance, as that between divine fore-ordination and man's responsibility, would fill the whole heaven.One class of mind would absolutely abjure \u201cdoing\u201d as n basis of salvation.Another must bulld his house on doing as on the rock foundation, and looks to being judged according to the deeds done ia the body.Buch contrary aspects of rounded truths have loomed so large as to obscure the larger fact of the fellowship of believers\u2014 the fact that Christ's body can only be one\u2014have indeed caused internecine wars between\u2014sdail we scripturally say\u2014the saints, each group regarding the other as the enemies of Christ.Nothing but mergence from half lights Into larger vision could reveal to the army that in the dark it had been fighting against Ît- self.That light will shine more and more till the perfect day.The Old And New Ideals.LL Christians regard Christian unity, frank and complete, as am ideal to pray and strive for, and to be welcomed as one would welcome the coming of the Lord.There were many who believed themselves to be waiting for \u201cthe consolation of Israel\u201d who were offended at what came.In ltke manner, there are always some who shrink when a move is made towards unity, and feel as though the very foundations were giving way.Paul, in bis youthful ardor for the faith of his fathers, was exceeding mad against those who cherished.a new vision.The pious of Nazareth were demented\u2019 with rage when told of divine favor outside of Israel, The Saviour found Himself is the presence of much honest reverence for the devout views and practices of the past.He re spected that plety, but found He could make little impression on ît.He said of such good souls that no one having acquired a taste for old wine is in a hurry to ask for new.He says the old is good enough for Him.The old bottles resent the new wine.When he called those two eager lade, James umd Joan, to follow Him, He left old Zebedee {in (he boat.John the Baptist was the greatest cf those who foresaw and waited loagingily for the Kingdom.He did not recoguiz: it when it came.As a consequence ihe smallest in the kingdom was greater then hn There are always thoes good people who will fatl to cross the border lina into Lhe larger life.They belong to (be old and cacnot fit into the new.So it 14 that people who are praying for Christina unity combined have \u201cro.duced excellzn: growth and the crop o1- look is decidediy ' ight, according to Lbe crop report fssued on Monday by the agricultural department, Canadian Pacific Railway.Six deaths and 40 prostrations were reported in New York on Thursday as a re- suit of the intense heat wave.Although the maximum temperature was two degrees lower than the previous day's high mark of 93, it was the hottest June 21 on record in the city weather bureau.Williams Pink Pills to build up the blood.They help to earich and purify the blood from first to last dose, and in this way bring new health and strength to weak, run-down people.Mrs.John Timmons, Elmvale, Ont.tells of the benefit Dr.Wil- llams Pink Pllis were to her, as follows: \u2014 \u201cI became very weak and was hardly able to walk and had to te helped upstairs.I had no appetite and slept poorly at night.I finally weat to a doctor who told me the trouble was lack of blood and that my condition was serious.He gave me medicine, which I took faithfully, but did not improve.I was advised to try Dr.Williams Pink Pills and did so, and after 7 bad taken two or three boxes felt that they were helping me.I cbuld eat better, and I slept better.! continucd using the pills for some time longer and quite recovered my old-time strength and feel that 1 have to thank Dr.Williams Pink Pills that ! am not an invalid today.\u201d You can get these pills through any dealer in medicine, er by mail, postpaid, at 5 cents a\u2018box, from Tue Dr.Williams Medicine Co, Brockville, Ont.ee od 2307 1118 40 TWENTY TWO.ELEVATED TRAM WALLS INTO BROOKLYN STREET Seven Persons Killed and 83 Injured Seven persons were Milled and 83 injured on Monday when two weoden cars plunged from a Brooklyn elevated struc ture Into the borough's busiest traffic intersection.The two-car train, well filled with an early afternoon crowd of women.children and a few mer jumped the rails, ripped through rotten guard beams, tottered on the edge of the structure, while hundreds of passers-by stood spellbound in terror, and fell to the payement a mass of splintered debris.Cartying with It a mess of etectric trolley wires, the train hurtled to the pavement amid spurts of blue flame and crackling wire.As screams of the passengers, many of thet transfixed by jagged sections of broken wood, ross above the crash, flames shot from underneath the cars and drove back pedestrians who ran to the scene.Within « few minutes.a dozen pieces of fire apparatus and police patrols had broken their way through a cordon of several hundred bystanders.A score of ambulances arrived as the firemen fought to choke off the flames snd policemen, am- buiance men, and employees of the railway.wielding axes feverishly.extricated one after another of the victims.Two hours of continuous hacking at tip wreckage were required to extricats the Lodies of living and dead.- s Edward Parcell.motorman of the train, who escaped without a\u2019 scratéh, was ar Tested, charged with homicide, after he had been questionsd for more than an hour by the police inspectors.ETNA'S LAVA CONTINUES TO FLOW Danger still menaces this, the town of Linguaglossa, says a correspondent of the ¢ New York Times in a cable from Catania on Thursday.Etna's hunger for destrdc- tion is not yet appeased.The devil's cauldron high up the mountain siope is still boiling over, 4 Untold tous of molten rock and lava have closed in on Linguagiossa from each side.The town is now a thin promontory of solid earth surrounded by a seething sea advancing threateningly.To enter the town is like entering the mouth of a furnace.The heat is scorching.Ashes pour down upot one's head, blinding one's eyes, choking one\u2019s breath, There are «ar-aplitting noiser, and the earth dances under one's feet.The: correspondent watched the lava overwhetm a house just below Castiglione station.The house was a modern, solid- 1y-built ohe.The lava advanced like a black tidal wave, washing before fit ail kinds of debris.When # reached the house it pressed rolidiy against its outer wall.but the wall resisted.Almost imperceptibly the top surface of the lava formed into the shape of a wedge and began creeping up the wall, It smashed through the windows and doors and began filling the house.But the wedge- shaped lava continued Its upward progress till the roof was reached.Suddenly the roof gave way and collapsed under the tremendous weight.: The lava streamed down into the house till the space beiween the four walls was completely filled, and then it began flowing down the walls on the far side.A few minutes and the house looked like a tower of solid black stone.Half an hour later, there was only a faint protuberance showing on the surface of the lava.immense Crop Damage The damage to crops, fields and vineyards runs into scores of millions of lire.The whole slope of Etna is intensively cultivated, owing to the great fertility which the heat of the volcano gives to the land, All this is pow destroyed.The lava at the edge of the beds is now #0 solidified that it no longer flows fast.It advances with & slow, rolling action, and can proceed uphill just as easlly as downhill.The stream leisurely, almost majestically, approaches any obstruction, creeps up its side, slides over it, and submerges it.The heat of the lava is incredible.For miles around everything green has died.Even at a distance of many yards the trees dry up and crack, and afterwards burst into flames.They are never completely consumed, because the lava reaches them before that happens.Premier Mussolini visited the scene of the disaster on Thursday.The unfortunate population seemed to expect some supernatural help from him.He inspected the places of greatest danger.encouraged the workers who are removing every- a MONTREAL WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMEBTEAD, JUNE 27.1923.thing of value from the threatened villages, and promised help to all who had suf- tered loss.Wherever he went he received ovations.Though Etna does not appear willing to abandon its destructive activity, the situation on Friday marked a distinct improvement.There are signs that Etna Is | going to sleep again, 1hough occasional ; vicious roars and spurts of flame are reminders that though Etna may be sleepy it is able to wake up any moment.Some idea of the intense heat of the river of fire which is blanketing the slopes of Mount Etna may be gleaned from , a test that was made by scientists.After plunging a Bristol electric thermometer in the lava of a clear red color it was found to register 1734 degrees Fahrenbeit.FALL OF POLISH MARK Finance Minister Reslgas The Polish Minister of Finance and Trade has resigned because of the new collapse of the Polish mark.according to an agency despatch received in Berlin trom Warsaw.The despatch adds thay all the.banks ia Poland have been ordered to surrender their foreign currency holdings to the Government and that meanwhile all the exchange markets im the country are to UNITY OF THE SPIRIT BHOULD RE MAINTAINED Anti-Unionist Minister Gives Wise Goun- sel to His Flock Addressing the congregation of Knox } Crescent Presbyterian Church, Montreal, Rev.R.W.Dickie, D.D.said the debate on Church Union had been conducted in the Asgembly w'th fine temper and was generally on & high level.There was mo bitterness and 4 sober and rextrainsl spin It was manitast.The vote against tuion was 23.2 percent of the Assembly, the largest that had been placed in opposition Ih ten years.One of the surprises of the vote was the small opposition from the Maritime caovinces; another was the strength of the opposition in tha West, where the need of Union was supposed to be greatest.Two of their church\u2019s super: intendents of missions in the West re fused to vote for Union, and several Presbyterian ministers of Union Churches in the West voted against Union.He was of opinion that it congregations were asked to decide today whether or not they woald go into Union the Presbyterian Church that would remain out would be at least one-third of the whole.It wasalso certain that the remaining Presbyterian Church would not be a case of the \u201cWee Frees\u201d be closed.in Scotland, narrow and reactionary.It FOR LEISURE MOMENTS \u201cThis law is a queer business.\u201d \u201cHow 50?\" \u201cThey awear a man to teil the truth.\u201d \u201cWhat then?\u201cAnd every time she shows signs of doing so some lawyer objects.\u201d pew se NES.2 PS Resourceful Reggie: \u201cOh Mamma, I just ladder.\u201d \u2014The Jumorist.Pompous and verbose darky eaters doctor's office.Doctor\u2014 well, what caa I go for you.Sambo?Sambo\u2014 well, doctor, as you is de most suspicious party concermed on dis conspicuous occasion I come to tell you my brother have died.A sad-looking man Went into a drug store.\u201cCan you give me,\u201d he asked, \u201csomething that will drive from my mind the thought of sorrow and bitter reflection?\u201d And the druggist nodded, and put him up a little dose of quinine, and wormwood, and Epsom salts, and a dash of castor oil, and gave it to him; and for six months the man could not think of anything in the world except new schemes for getting the taste out of his mouth, An American drove an English friend up and down Broadway for over an hour, calling his attention to the multitude and intensity of the advertising signs.No detail was allowed to escape the hungry guest.\u201cThat costs two million dollars à year; that, one million,\u201d and so on.The Englishman preserved silence.Flo- ally, very desperate, the American demanded: \u201cWell, bow do you like them?\u201d Said the Bagiishman: \u201cA bit consplow A nervous barrister began his case for the defence with several referemces to bis \u201cunfortunate ciient.\u201d \u201cGo om, sir,\u201d said the judge encouragingly; \u201cso far the Court is with you.\u201d came up to ask yom it I could climb this | There was once an old squire who had à favorite story he loved to recount, in which the joke hung on the report of a gun.He related this story so many times that ell his acquaintances and friends, heartily sick of it, immediately turned the conversation when they saw signs that the old gentieman was being remind- od of his dear jest.Balked on all sides the old gentleman one night at dinner, when bis table was }ined with his friends, stamped his foot violentiy on the floor.\u201cWhy, what was that,\u201d he exclaimed \u201cA gun?Why, that reminds me\u2014\" and off he launched into the story to his own delight and the dismay of his friends.Some sailors once went ashore, and as & change thought they would like to go for a ride on horseback.They west to the nedrest livery stable, and the spokes mas asked for the ostler.Spokesman: \u201cWe wants an \u2018orse.\u201d Ostler: \u201cWot kind ot an \u2018orse G'yer want?\u201d , Spokesman: \u201cWe waats a fourlegged ores.\u201d Ostler (sanoyed)! \u201cYes! I kmow that but dyer want à quiet \u2018orse or a apirity \u2018orse Spokesman: \u201cOh! ft don't matter about that, mate.Give us a pretty long \u2018oree\u2014 ous, don't you think?\" there\" t of.we\u2019 \u2019 s eight of.me, and.we're ail coins Dr CHASE'S OINTMENT would be conservative, and neither nar row nor reactionary.So far as he had been able to learn, there was at présent no disposition on the part of the anti-Us- ionists to fall in with the majority.They conscientiously believed that they could better serve the interests of true religion by remaining Presbyterians, Their attitude was not to resist the will of the majority; they objected to being forced into a church in which they did not be- Merve, even for six months.They objected to having the Presbyterian Church im Canada put an end to by law, scrappisg its constitutien and organization.Dr.Dickie hoped the congregation would maintain their unity.Some belier- ed in Union and some did not; and it was a question upon which every good member should become well informed.There was no use trying to prevent discussion, though it might weil be.avoided at regular meetings of any organisation in the church.He hoped that as far ae possible prejudice would be avoided, and there was no reason why any should fait out because of difference of opinion.They should keep the unity of the Spirit in the bonds of peace.it was important also that they should continue to support the missionary work of the church not with less but with more vigor.It was not cred, itable to the Canadian Preshylerisa Church that there were home mission tields on the froatier.and schools and hes- pitals in the foreign field, closed for want of funds to support them.He proposed that the congregation take measures te have two missionaries abroad instead of one, and double their contributions to home missions and social service.Germany Seeks Parley Developments of great importance are impending in FrancoGermaa relations, says an article priated in the Daily Tele~ graph.The writer asserts that the German Government has taken practical steps to determine a method which, without prejudicing the position of Great Britais, would lead to direct conversations between Paris and Berlin, The neutral countries of Central Kurope, be adds, are being used as bases from which feelers to this end are going out.The writer represents the German Gov- erament as especially anxious because ft sees that its policy tn the Rubr is gradually slipping from its control.The probe lem of passive resistance, he continues, may be boiled down practically to a ques tion of reinstating the expelled German pf ficiale.Berlin insisting on such & step and Paris as firmly refusing.At the present stage, the conversations threaion to break down on this point, says the are ticle, =\u2014 i \u201cMake Canada a Land to Love.\u201d : CN by 1 DIF) AN LIE AN SN Trading opened om Monday in Montreal with & Mood demand for quality butcher cat- tie and the top prices were 58c- or nore ubove the previous high for year.The major potrion of the increame was d to tbe high quality of the load ringing) the op price, Extremely hot weather canned a mack- ening in consumption of ment and buyers were not anxious to purchase heavily after Monday.\" \u2018The tep price for the week was $4.35 por hundred, paid for a Wed of 23 good steers and heifers shipped from Victoria County, Ontsrie: they averaged 1310 pounds.Another load of geed Ontario steers brought 39.25 and three goof quality baby beeves sold at $5.00.Medium quality steers moved from $7.00 to $7.75 and commen steers (rom 65.50 to 36.7% with the bulk around $6.00 and $6.25.Twa er three loads of heavy oxen were on mils and Dreught prices ranging frem $4.00 16 15.08.Choice Lelfers ware weighed up with top quality steers.Medium beifers brought from 36.60 to $7.00 and comwmon light heifers, $4.00 aad up.Four choice cows sold at $7.00 and good ones from 35.50 to 36.25.Medium cows made $4.50 to $5.08 and common $3.76 to $4.35.Canmers sel at $2.25 and cutters 32.50 te 33.50.Bulls were slow sellers: twe young bulls reached 26.00 but most of the mood moved from $4.50 to 15.20 and bommon from $3.30 and up.There was à fair demand for calves and the ihe ferepart of the week.Ou Wednesday males were harder to effect but under the light offeringa prices held about steady.More than half the calves were drinkers of varying qualities and they sold from 34.00 to $4.50 and the medium quality milk-frd calves moved from $6.00 and $6.50.Good vesls sold in lot of two and three at $7.58, $0.60 and in ene case at 30.00.The hog market remained nteady with dealers operating cautiously on nceount of the unvertain feeling as to the immediate future, Sales of good quality local hogs were made from $10.25 te $19.50 and poorer quality lets containing an odd heavy and reugh hog at $10.00.Western hogn sold At $10.00.Howr made 96.80 te $7.00.One of the local packers, the Wn.Davies (Company.bought hogs en Government grading and paid 11.00 for select bacon hogs.Market closed with a weaker feeling for next week.Sheep œuid wister at n top of 36.60 and the mixed lots of commen and fair ones around $5.00.Hpring lamba held steady and males were generally active, Nales ranged from 13 vents to 16 cents par lb.for the general run with the bulk going at 15 cents.Two amal lots of choice larabs 17 cents and 17 1-2 vente, respectively.Packers\u2019 buyers showed more interest in the Toronto market during the forepart of the week with the result that butcher cate the prices advanced Ze.Grass cattle were scarce but the quailty of the stable-cattle was not as good as formerly, thin belong especially poticeabie In some heavy steers intended for the expart trade.(lead to choice handyweight butcher steers meved from $7.- 50 to 88.25 with some mules as Ligh as $5.75.\u2018ows were strong from $550 to 96.25 for «mod, with a few light buils making $8.25 and the butk of good heavien from 85.60 to $6.00.Export steer prices were up 5c en M but easier at the close.One let ave 1370 Ida, brought the top of $3.25 with the buik going from $5.35 1 $8.05.Feeders were in demand from bulk going from $8.- M to $0.55.Feedern were in demand from 15.08 to $5.75.A few loads of fair store cattle sold to local-farmers from 45.75 to $4.50 and several more loads could have been disposed of in thin way had they bean available.Milker and springer trade Iz stil dull with prices lower this week at $6.00 to $30.00 for the best Holsteins.Last weqk's decline in the oaif market was recovered on Monday with light offer., but trading was very weak at the close with choice from $9.00 to $30.68 per hundred and connmon te Medium from $4.00 to 35.00, Ton reached a new Www level on Wednesday when the packers effected a cut of 250 per hundred bringing prices Jowu to $8.25 fed and witered.The outside buyers took a few lotw at 10 te 15 cents higher but they were not operad very freely towards the week-end und the majority of the arrivais went to the mckern.With suppites increasing.lamb brives took a drop te $15.66 and 31640 per hundred for choice with cells going (rom $10.00 to £12.00.Tearlings nold from 32.60 to $10.00, Sheep trade wax better than last week with some choice light kinds from 1:08 ce 36.00 per hundred.tn Winnipeg the supply of the good quality vatite wan very limited, the run being largely of undesirable kinds.A few dry-fed dutchers wold briskly to 2i: above lst week.The bet- 1r Kinds of wteckers and feeders were in fair request amd slightly Armer.In-between ling cattle and plain horned stockers and ferders were slow and weak.The best but.ciers steers made $7.40 to $0.70 and a few 38.00.Medium to good rod from $5.75 to 06- 23 and the lower grades from 34.50 te $3.08.Top butcher cows were strong frem 45.25 to 8.56.The balance went at $3.50 for the OTTONAN DEBT PROBLEX Former Premier Venizelos of Greece haw added to the troubles of the Near East conference over the settlement of the Ottoman debt problem by declaring at a meeting of the finance commission on Monday that Greece certainly expected to be treated 88 well as Turkey im any Allied concession Tegarding the payment ef the debt interest The Turks contend they should be permitted t0 pay in depreciated money instead of in pounds sterling.Towards the end of the session which lasted well luto the aight, the Turks announced that they cowld not discuss the problem of concessions at Lausanne until the question of the evacuation of foreign t from Turkey and the Question of the Ottoman debt were satisfactorily disposed of.An agreement was reached om one im- Portant point, namely, that Great Britain and Turkey mutusliy engage to wettle the Monui comtroversy between themselves withia nine months after the signature of peace, failing which Great Bri bring the controversy to the league of Nations for settlemtuy arbitratiop Ir it ; dend' and 26 seriousiy tmfured.MONI REAL WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMESTEAD, JUNE 27.tems.at LIVE STOCK PRICES .COMMENTS FOR WEEK ENOING JUNE 23RD plainer kinds up to $5.00 for those of décent order.One lond of yearitng nieera and helf- seu made 38.00.Csnners and cuitern were dul and weak from $1.00 (0 $2.00.Bulls were slow fron 1.76 to 12.76.The calf run wan largely of undesirabte quality which sold from $2.08 1e $4.00.The better mtock_ made from 36.06 to §7.50.(ood feeder ateerw wore weighed cut from $4.23 and common te medium from 33.00 to $4.08.A few recent stocker steers made up 16 $4.75 whilst vem.mon te fair stock heifers were weak from $2.25 10 $3.06.The how market opened with thick-smootha at $5.35 and held steady (ill Thursday closing whem sales were made at $2.10.lights and feeder declined from 39.00 te 18.10.The sheep and amb market wan dull the run being largely of poor quality and finish.The best spring lambs sold from 312.00 to $12.33 and common from $0.08 to 310.00.Moat of the sheep moved from 35.00 te 37.00.Tha caitie market in Moose Jaw waa fairly active with good killing steers steady and in- between kinds weaker in undertome.Offerings were mostly of medium and poor quality, There was a good demand for ciolce handy- weights but none were offered.The few xeod to choice steers on hand sold frem $6.- Se to 87.00.Most of the sterrs showing good kill made from $5.25 to $6.00 and common from $3.00 to $4.50.A few cholo butcher helfers sol from $35.50 to $4.25 under m fuir demand.Choice butcher cows topped at $5.#8 and medium were stow from $2.50 to.33.25.The feeder cows made from $1.73 to $2.50.Medium feeder steers were weighed out from 83.26 to 83.75 and medium steckers from $2.26 to $2.75.A few choice veal calves sold from 37.08 to $7.00.Hoge were sisady up to the closing day when there was a 25c reduction.Mont of the aales were made at $4.19, re lambs weld at $12.00 and weathers Cattle receipts In Calgary were light and generally poor in quality.In Thursday's receipts there were not ten head of sufficient finish for butcher purposes, Grain-finished cattle supplies are practieally exhausted.There wus a moderate demand for stockers, feeders, amd good quality stock was about steady.Choice heavy and - handywelght rteers made 96.00 to $6.36 and a few tops $7.50.Medium to good steers sokl from $08 to $6.50 amd commun 132.00 to $1.85.Chetce heifers made $5.08 to 35.06 amd good $4.00 to $4.75.Choice cows mold from $5.00 to $5.50, medium to good 32.20 to 34.75 and common $2.50 te 33.35.(\u2018anners and cutters moved genesally from $1.68 to $2.00.Bull re- celpts were very light and males were around $2.60.Choice calves made 17.00 to 35.08, good 96.00 to $7.00 and common $3.04 Lo $4.00, Qoed storkers changed hands from 32.40 Lo 24.99, good feeders from 13.50 10 34.50 and coni- mon around $2.W.ood stocker heifers and cows made 33,50 to $3.30.Hog receipts were Hght and the market steady throughout the week.Thick smosths suid at $8.60.and select bacon at $5.36, fed and watered basis.A handful of Inmbe sold (rom $11.00 to $12.08 per hundred.The Fdnfonton butcher cattle market was slow and decidedly weaker, especially on females which were fully $1.80 per hundred lower than lust week.Mtockers and feeders were fairly ready movers at steady prices.Good to choice hutcher ateers rnold from 15.50 to 36.50 and a few at $6.75.Medium to Zeod made $4.50 10 $5.50 and common $1.60 to $3.50, Heifern were a full $1.09 off.Geod to choice heifers mold generally from 34.08 ta 35.00 and medium to gecd from $3.00 to $4.00, Good to choice easws made 3350 to $404, medium to good 32.50 to 53.50 and common arouné $2.00.anners and vullers mold from $1.50 to $2.00.Mtork vows made $1.58 to 32.50, cholce bulin $2.50 to 33.00 and common $1.50 to 8260.Good to choke feeders change) hands from $1.18 to $4.50 and medium kinds from $3.60 to $X56.(lood 10 choice storkers made $3.60 10 $4.00 afl common $2.6 to $2.50.Calves were unchanged with choice from $5.68 to $6.00 and common 11.50 to $3.04.The hox market war isciined to be uncertain.A few long-hauled hogs mold at $8.8 off cars and the balance at $8.00 to $3.25.Bheep prices were Inclined to be lower, lambs roll generally from 310.00 to $17.00.yearlings $9.00 to $10.08 and ewes $4.00 to 57.00.British Cattle Mai ket: \u2014(Flasgow reporie the sale of 337 Canadiars.Of these.237 were ntores and sold fram 1 1-2¢ to (3 live welghi, \u2018The balance, conxisting of 55 steers and 45 bulls for slaughter.made from 11 1-20 to 13 1-2¢ for seers sud from Sr to 9 1-20 for bulis.All offerings were cleared.Rest Heotch beef Yéc to 14 1-2e live welght.Fair demand un- Ser smaller nupptics.Birkenhead offered 14% Canadiens.Quotations mostly 28c.«\"Hoice quality 22c in sink.1emien Canadian dressed sides, 19¢ I.Choices Mc, Dreascd trade wow.Rritis; Bacon Market:-Canadian leanest, lean ana prime Séa to 914, baies Sée ta 984.firm and 3s higher.American on In 80a, steady.Irish 118% to 1184 steady, Danish 1684 te 1125, Arm.Danish killings 36393 head.Seine Reichabank Notes Approximately 180 billion marks in notes belonging to the German Reichs.! bank have been : eized by the forves of oc: cupation since they entered the Ruhr, ac.vording te the Lokal Anzeiger.Although the Reichebank has some of its notes printed by private plants, it recently adapted the practice of having such supplies for the Rubr delivered in sheets not bearing serial numbers.The printing and cutting of them was completed in a special room in the Dortmund branch of the Belchsbank.R tly the Fremch forcibly entered thx room, the newspaper states, and compelled the workmen to complete the printing and cutting of notes amounting to 1.090.000.9800 marks, which the tronps then carried away.Street fighting occurred in Kisleben, Prussian Sazoay, between Nationalists and Communists on the occasion of the unveiling there of & memorial to the assassinated German Foreign Minister, Dr.Walter Rathenau, the Central News states.Two of the demonsirators are reported LLOYD GLOBGR IN DEBATE BRVENDS YEBSAILLES TREATY Former Premier Lloyd George went to Oxford on Thursday to defend the Versailles treatymin a debat: initiated by the Oxford Union Society.The president of the union moved a resolutiom that th\" treaty was devoid of the principles of wisdom and justice.Wm.R.Pringle, M.P., supported the ro- solution.Hils chief criticism of tbe treaty was that while German militarism had been destroyed, Fremch militarism Had been enthromed In its place.and Europe was under a dominion of force, sa- ked and unashamed.Attacking Mr.Lloyd George's record om the question of reparations, Mr.Pringle declared that it was the British representatives at Paris who were protagomists of the \u201cInsane\u201d idea that Germany could pay the whole cost of the war.Mr.ideyd George vigorously defended the treaty against Pringle and other critics.It had passed through the House of Commons without challenge and had been approved by the leaders of all parties, he said, and he was prepared to abide by their verdict.He complained that much that bad been said om the subject was irrelevant, and he dwelt with warmth upon some of the benefits which the treaty has bestowed upom Europe and the world generally.He referred to that part of the treaty which established an international body for ralsing the standards of life throughout the world.Was it not right, he asked, when they were invited to condemn a document which contained things that con stituted a great European charter for the amelioration of labor, that the whole of that document should be put before the people instend of tearing out ome sentence and saying of it, \u201cThat !s the treaty I\u201d Replying to the charge that it was a breach of faith to imclude pensions in the treaty terms, Mr.lloyd George sald that President Wilson's fourteen poluts were not incorporated im the armistice.Mr.Pringle, imterjecting.remarked that they were expressed in the pre-armistice conditions, Lloyd George replied, \u201cWhen Germany surrendered, she surrendered on the terms of an armistice.There is mot 2 word about the fourtees points ia the armistice.Any claim we chose to put in, Germany was prepared to accept and she signed the armistice upon those terms.\u201d Mr.Lloyd George said that ali English lawyers were of the opinion that pensions were included im the fourteen points.President Wilsos himself, the fermer premicr said, accepted the view of General Smuts against those of his awa lawyers, and Mr.Wilson was the best interpreter of his fourteen points.It was argued by Mr.lloyd George that if he was to overrule these great authorities and take wpos himself munificentiy to say to Germany, \u201cWrite down 2300,000.000 instead of 2,200, 400,600,\u201d it would have been said that he had no business to give away the rights of the people.He concluded: \u201c1 have no hesitation in facing the records In future as one of the authors of the treaty that established the league of Nations, estab- lisuing for the first time a great inter- aational combination for the purpose of Wing up the conditions of labor, establish'ag the principle that when nations commit crimes nations must bear the penalty.\u201d The resolution was defeated by 106 voies.French Communiste Demonstrate Againat Fascism Several thousand Communists and workers gathered in the Place de 1'Opera.Paris, on Saturday night for an annoumced demonstration against Fascism and the Royalists, but the heavy forces of police and mounted Republican guards sent to the scene, together with the great number of spectators, made the programme impossible of fuifiiment.Police dispersed the gathering when groups started singing the \u201cInternational.\u201d A serles of ymall disorders broke out in the vitinity of the Opera later, but they were quickly squelched by massed police charges, one of which went through @ crowd of drinkers on the sidewalk in front of a boulevard cafe, overturning the ta bies aad chairs and upsetting the customers.The police swung their clubs freely aud the mounted guards used the flats of their sabres.Many bruises resulted from the scrimmage, both ip the ranks of the police and the demonstrators.A large Dumber of acettered arrests Were made.The Belgian Cabluet Premter Theunis who has Leen charged with reconstituting the Cabinet, following its resignation over the question of the use of the Flemish language in the l'niversity of Ghent, is expected to complete am ar rangement under which the old Ministry, will remain in office for the time being.with the reorganization to come later.The Premier is understood to be confident of reaching an agreement with the opposition for the use of the French laagu- age in Ghent University and also providing for twelve months\u2019 military service in stoad of fourteen as he bad proposed.- TWENTY.THREE FIVE YEARS AGONY ENDED Woon ie Took \u201cFrait-a-tives\u201d For Rhoumatisa Tee Modicies Mode Fram Fait There ona be no doubt thes \u201cPrait-e-tivea\u201d is the long sought remedy for KRbeumatiom and Lum- Lago.From ail over Canada come letlers testifying bo this fact.Mr.John E.Guilderson of Pasre- mi gumcend 1have never felt itsinee\u201d\".& box, 6 for 92.50, trial vise 25a.At dealers or fram Fruit-a-tives Limited, Ottawa, Ont.Seothe the sore ligaments by rubbing in Minard's Liniment.It penetrates, roothes and heals.It cases inflammation and rapidly brings back the use of the limb.The Fapsily Medicine Chast 9 LINIMENT WAIT'5 ROMEGPATNIC SPECIFIC Remedies efscted by them are radient and certain.They do mot remedy one disease and produce ancther.Thay will remedy a larger percentage of eaqges an! ia lees time than any medi cine known.Walt\u2019.Rhoumsilc Remedy .\u201c Pie Remedy .Pyapepsin Mensds Coughs and Colds Nervous Debiitty Romedy Appendicitis Remedy .Ringworm Remedy .Tusse remiediss will be seat postpaid 0 any address on receipt of price WAIT HOMEOPATHIC PHARMACY Armirior, Ontarie.Send for Manual (tres) IN THE RUPERIOR COURT, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, LISTHICT OF MONTREAL 0.1.DAME MUIVENA GOLDSTEIN, of the City and District of Montreal, wife common as lo property of Mark Rotman, Merchant, of the sume pluve.and duly authorized to ester en justice, Plaintiff.The suid MARK ROTMAN, Defendant.An action in separation as to property has fred in this cause on the 28th day May Fist, 1222.N.W.JACORS .Attorney for Plaintiff.IN THE SUPERIOR COURT, PROVINCE OF QUEBEC, DISTRICT OF MONTREAL, No.2631.DAME DORA MERMAN, of the City and District of Montreal.wife common as to property of Harry Sweer, Merchant, of (he same place, Plaintiff againat Harry Sweer, of the same place, Defendant.The Plaintiff has taken against the Defendant an action for separation as to property.Montreal, June Sth, 1928.BHULMAN & SHULMAN, Attorneys for Plainuff, \u201cMake Canada a Land to Love.\u201d The King and Queen propose being in residence at Holyrood Palace, Edinburgh, during the week commencing July 9 While {1 Is understond Lbe visit is to be of a very private character, there is a possibility that fils Majesty will consent to participate in one of two local functions, ouuse restes seman 8 \u2014 a.adm de x TWENTY.FOUR Le COUNTRY PRODUCE A weaker feeling prevailed in the local nar.ket for all grades of cggw.and prices scored a decline of lc per dozen with the exception of specials which were steady.A fair trade was done In a wholesale jobbing way and with sales ; selecta ne Ie: aight re- veipts at 26c; No.1 stock at 2e, and No.atouk at Mc to 2c per dogen.A fair volume of businers was reported In cold storage dressed poultry, there being «& steady demand for nmadl lots to meet immediate wants, and prices were unchanged with sales of turkeys at 34¢ to 36\u20ac per lb.broiters at 32e Lo 33¢; milk-fed chickens at 36 to Sle; selected chickens at 26c to 28; Brome Lake ducks at 34¢ to Soc; ordinary ducks at 360 to Ste, and geese at 20e to 3c.The market for maple product was reported dull, there being very little demand from any source for supplies.but as the offeringe on spot were Ught prices were maintained with choice grades of maple wyrup quoted at $2.20 per tin of hnperial gullon, dark grades at and small tins at $1.73 with choice grades maple sugar at ic to 26e per Ib.The trade in potatoes was slow and the condition of the market was unchanged with car lots of (ireen Mountaing quoted at $1.30 to $1.35; Quebec No.1 stock at $1.25 to $1.30, and Ontario grades at $1.99 to $1.26 per bag.while linported new potatoes sold at $6.50 per barrel for No.1 grude, and at 35.25 per barrel for No.2 grade.New York:\u2014Exgs.trreguiar: ë receipts 510.Fresh gathered.exira firsts, 71 25 1-2e; do.fire 1-2¢ tn 25 1 onde, île to cific Comst, extras, 36 1-2c to Sic Cheese, unsettled: receipts, 148.926 pounds.DAIRY PRODUCE There was a firmer ane tu nh: market for some grades of butter.and prices vuled [-8¢ per Ib.higher.while for others tires were unchanged.The offerinæs continue fairls large for which there neenis to be an ample deman-i to take care of them and a fair trade vas done with sales of finest creamcry at 31e per Ib.and seconds at 30c per Id In à whotexale folbing way prices were unchanged at 33c per Ib.for finest MONTREAL WITNESS AND CANADIAN HOMUSŸRAO, JUNE 27, 1923.TE FARMERS MARKETS creamery in solid packages, and at 3¢c per Ib.in 1-1b.blocks.At Gould's Cold Storage there were 3,200 boxes of cheese offered and all sold at isa per ib, deltvered here.Business over the cable was reported slow owing to the sone- what limited demund and the fact that prices bld in mont casen were not la line with sel- Jers\u2019 views here.in consequence the market wan quiet wih wostern white and colored quoted at lé b-& to 16 3.4c per Ib, and earterns at 16 1-4c to 16 1-20 per ib.New York:\u2014Buiter harely stemdy: receipts, 26,085.Creamery, higher (han extras, 39 1-4 to 40c.THE GRAIN MARKETS The wheat market was much stronger Friday than (t has been for several dayw with a considerable amount of business reported.The July position was exceptional ly good.Heavy Luving indicated a revival of the export buniness.A strong tesh market also had its influence a.1 throughout the seston tue market was buoyant.The future oats und bariey markets were fairly active with prices holding firm to fruc- tionally higher.Exports were In the market (or hoth oats and barley to a limited volume.Although (he demand for cash what was good there were but light offerings coming out today, exporlers being the principal trad.ern.There was only sm imdilfcrent demand for the conrse grains Cash prices at Winnipez:\u2014 Wheat\u20142 1 Northern $1.17 2 1-4: No.2 northern $ No.3 northern $1.12 5-5; No.4, 81.07 i- .5, $1.64 5-S: No.6, 9 5-8e: feed 91 1- the Shanghai police, who have been conducting an investigation of the recent Shamtung train hold-up and kidnapping outrage.Many merchants and traders dealing in the interior, it is said.are forced to pay systematic tribute to the brigands to insure safe conduct of the merchandise through certain districts.Prohidition a Success A two-month tour througb twenty-five states and Canada to survey the effectiveness of the eighteenth amendment for the Dutch Society for the Abolition of Alcoholic Drinks, bas convinced them that prohibition in America is a marked success, E.Meulen, president of the society, aad N.A.De Cries, a member of a provincial ca binet in Holland, reported.They expressed surprise at what they termed the small amounts expended on prohibition education and enforcement.A report on their findings will be submitted to the society, and the Dutch government on their \u201cturn.Pussyfoot Johnson sailed from Plymouth, England.on Salurday for Egypt.He is going to the land of King Tut, there to spread the doctrine of world prohibition.and to plant the standard of the World League Against Alcoholism, Clipping eight hours from Yokohama, Japan, to Vancouver, is the latest feat of the Canadian Pacific \u201cEmpress of Cans.da,\u201d a 22,000 ton oil burner, thus taking away the blue ribbon from the \u201cEmpress of Russia.\u201d which made a sensational record in May 1914, of eight days.eighteen hours, and thirty-one minutes.The Empress of Canada, which arrived in Vancouver Sunday morning, has the proud distinction of making the run !n 8 days, ten hours, and fifty-five minutes at an average speed of 20.6 knots per hour.A record for quick handling of silk was also made when the cargo of silk was unloaded at Vancouver and rushed to New York by a transcontinental train.Examination of 44,000 people from elev: en districts of India recently revealed that 62 per cent.of them were lufected with heskworm., The erection of a highway bridge immediately below and beside the existing Victoria bridge between Montrea! and the south shores of the St.lawrence river 12 recommended by the Montreal Board of Harbor Commissioners ta & report to the Government.The cost is estimated to be about three million dollars.Constantinople Is the only city in the world that ia situated on two continents, Europe and Asia.\u201cMake Canada a Land te Love.\u201d Three men were falaily hurt and five injured on Thursday when dynamite exploded in à sewer under construction ln Kenilworth avenue, Hamilton, near the plant of the Libby Owens Company.Work today, but plao for tomorrow.The Moptrent \u201cWitnens and Canadian Home- stea.ia prinied and published at No.ous Redpath haus and Fradesich n RA gene Do 3 Both of the City of Montreal Bubscristion race, $2.00 a Fear, You provide your do better with a lump SUN LIFE Commant HAVE IT PAID MONTHLY.income to rua the home\u2014could your widow Never-failing monthly income cheques, guaranteed for life, have simplified the situation for many widows who would otherwise have been harassed by the responsibility involved in a cash settlement.were also protected from the influence of those who might or might not have an ulterior motive when suggesting investment.Would your present life assurance yield a monthly income sufficient to maintain the .home and educate your children?: A Sun Life representative can help you to arrange adequate life assurance on the most economical basis.See him today.wife with a monthly sum ?They ANNUAL SUBSCRIPTION FACTS MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS and CANADIAN HOMESTEAD Edited by JOHN REDPATH DOUGALL Canada\u2019s Leading National Newspaper, Always Independant and Dependable, Strong and Courageous.Besides its splendid News Features it has Special Departments.edited by experts, of interest to all members of the family.and to all watks of life, Its Market and Stock Reports and Financial Review are fair and most trast.Îta Literary Review.splendid Bhort and rial Stories, Home Department, You People\u2019s Departments\u2014cover a wide range human interest.Its Queries and Answers on all rubjects, including Agriculture, Veterinary, Poultry.etc., and {ts Farm and Garden Departments ars greatly prized for their practical and timely hints «ad information.The \u201cWitness\u201d editorial pages are unique, and worth the full price to anyone, especially 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namely, for the \u201cWitness additional, for \u201cWorld Wide\" $2.08 peril for the \u201cMessenger\u201d 60 cents additional, - For U.8.Additional postage: \u201cWitness\u201d - \"World Wide\u201d 26 centa, \u201cdessenger \"14 come Sending Money : No subscription may be paid by cheque une less the cheque has written clearly ross} the words \u201cpayable at Par Montreal\u201d Money orders are the best way to send money.Only small amounts may be sent in stamps and then only in the 1, 2 and 3c.denominations.Stampe of larger denominations cannot be accepted JOHN DOUGALL & SON, Publishers, \u2018Witness\u2019 Bleck, Montreal.The reduced rates that we announce from time to time are open to the people whe ef their own volition take advantage of them.Those who wait till someone takes the time trouble to rail on them are not entitled to these rates.and \u201cIhe laborer |b worthy of his hire\u201d the advantage naturally belongs to the canvasser who soilcits and forwards à subscription.No canvassers are authorized by we wniess they have specially addressed credentials from od This refers onty to professional canvassers.warded all the time without say risk te anyous 50 eng as the remittance friends clubs are secured and fore made by meg "]