Montreal weekly witness and Canadian homestead, 13 juin 1916, mardi 13 juin 1916

[" VOL.7], NUMBER 34, Montreal Weekly Witness and Canadian Homestead.t MONTREAL, Te Weeks The Witness Tounées tu 1066.Published by John Dougall the \u2018Witness\u2019 Block, Montreal, Caxsda Joba Redpath Dougall, Editor.& Bou, a br ! TUESDAY, JUNE 13, 1818._\u2014 A Great Victory The Russians started the week by smashing the Austrian line in Vot- hynia.They broke it just at ite june- tion with the German line, so severing the Austrians from the German army.Ever since the beginning of the war the Russians have shown thet they were able to meet and defeat the Austrians, end make prisoners of them by the thousand.The Austrians are in quite as separate class\u2019 from the Germans.Such victories as the Russians have had over the Germans have been only for sl-ort periods, quickly followed by re- jules, and seldom have the Russians token any considerable number of German prisoners.This difference, proved now by a year and a half of experiences, must be felt all through the Russian stmy and strongly affect its morale in face of the two foes.Since the Russians broke the line and separated the Germans from the Austrians they hsve loft the German section of the line contained, and have devoted their whole force to an attack on the Austrians, with the result that they bave wen taking prisoners in great droves; thirteen thousand the first day, twelve thousand ths second day, fifteen thou- sond the third day, eleven thousand the fourth day, twenty-nine thousand the fiith day, twenty-eight thousand the sixth dey, and twenty-seven thousand the seventh day, making a graad total of @ hundred snd eight thousand prisoners captured in six days.These figures do wot include a tremendous number of capmaities anfiesed by she Anstrisn smy, which it is geéperally estimated - ete shopt equal to ta¢ number of prisoners taken, eo that over two hundred thousand Austrians have been disposed of during the week.And the action is not yet complete, but is, as far as the evidence sbows, only just developing.The more Austrians captured, the easier will it be for the Russians to turn tLeir victory inlo a rout, or the capture of the whole Austrian army, which in this field must number about a million and a hall men.Not only have he Russians captured men, but they have captured forts and supplies; Lutzk bas fullen, 30 also bas Dubno.These are strong forts, which were captured in the German offensive last summer.Thess Austrian armies know well that the Ruseians are their masters in the dattlefeid; they weil remember their former routs, and know that last aum- mer's defest of the Russians was only accomplished because the Rumians had Tun out of ammunition, and were fight ing with crowbars or with their rifles teed as clubs.Besides this, the Austrian army is not the Austrian army of two years ago.Russia took over half à million Austrian prisoners in ber first offeneive.\u2018At that time the Austrian army was almost bled white trying to told back the Russians in Galicia and the passes of the Carpethians.The present Austrian army is a remmant of ite former self, the gaps having been filled by hoys under 19 and by men over forty, who have not the stamina of the original force.It is said that the Austrians are now likely to retreat and agaia give Galicia and Bukowina over to the Russians.But what chance have the Austrians to make such a retreat?The Russians could retreat before the Austrians when they had fought themselves out of ammunition because of their tremendous physique.They were atle te make marehes of fifty miles a day.Their ability to walk wil now otand them in good stead, when, inste.d of retreating, they have to pursue a flosing army.Unless the Germans can deliver a counter blow at some other port of the Russian line that will quick: ly relieve the pressure on the Austrian army, or unless the Russians again run out of ammunition, the new Russian offensive is likfly to develop into one of tho most decisive acts of the whole war.\u201cob Ypres séteck by which the Russians troke line was just such\u2018 another the German attack on the Canadian part of the Western front to the south of Ypres: a tremendous can.nonsde, and them s rush of infantry.By the disantere of the Austrian army that are following the breaking of the line we are getting some idea of what à teprible catastrophe it would have been hod the Conadisns given way at Ypres place aguinet them at some time, end they have been making the most des- Persie efforts to asnul and upest it by trying to break the lines of the Allies at ane point asd another, Verdun.Iiluxt sad Yprea Had they achieved success it would have bem dissatrous.But st Verdun the French held them.at Uluxt on the Dwina front, the Russians held them, and at Ypres the Cansdéage showed them that theirs wes not à part of she line that could be attacked with success or impumity.Canadian casusities at this point sre now eaid to have heen six thousand men.It is a terrible loss to this country: each one of the six thousand casusitios in an extreme sorrow to the friends and relatives.le & a pert of the price they have to pay to win, and we have paid it and are willing to pay more.To the heroes who are wounded or have lost their lives, snd to those sa well who came through without being hurt, our country, and the world, owe an undying debt of grasitude.Other Fields In Fast Africa the forces under Ges- era! Botha have made another advance.This is their firet big advance since the forces under General van Deventer occupied Kondoa Irangi, which is s hundred and fifty miles straight in towards the centre of the country from the point at which tbe British forces first crossed the northeastern boundary at Mount Kilma MNjaro, the position of which is essily recognized in smafl atlases of Africa, because it is at that print that the northeastern boundary tas à jog in it.The new advance has beon made esstward along the railway, and hoe procesdwl to-within Fifty mitles of the coast.The British now have ia their possession over two hundred miles of the railway.They bave also suc ceeded in putting a bridge acroes the Pangami River, which runs parallel to Le railway, and at an average distance of ten miles to the southeast of it.This new bridge is in the same latitude as Kondos Irangi.being a hundred and twenty-five mile to the cast of that point.As at Kondon Irangi the forces under General van Deventer are facing eastward against one of the largest bodies of the enemy, this new bridge will allow of an attack on these forces fium behind, the intervening land being a rolling plateau.The small British foree that is working northward from Rhodesia is also meeting with success, having captured Biemarckburg.There has been no news during the week from tie British forces in Mesopotamia, but some quite contradictory news regarding the Russian forces in that fief.Both Turkey and Russia claim success in an action to the noutheast of Hag- dad.One of the crucial features of the recent war news was the crossing of the Greek frontier hy the Bulgarians with the consent of the Greeks, who simply evacuated strong positions to let them in; the result has been an «m- yhatic protest by the Allies, who started & blockade of all Greek porte.This has already resulted in the Greek Government demobilising one-half of its army.As the blockade has not been Lifted, this act has evidently not been eczsidered sufficient to restore confid- euce in the Greek Government.At Verdun the fighting has continued furi- cus; on Wednesday the Germans captured the fortress of Vaux, which was 8 severe blow to the Frencn position.On Thursday they extended their ad- vanes by capturing a position at tbe southeast end of the Verdun defence Fine called the Thiamont Farm.With tiose captures they have renewed the vigor of their attacks, but the French are not giving up a yard of ground that they are mot absolutely compelled to surrender by She heavy bombardmeat that the Germans are.ui.ntaining.\u2018though they hed to eurrender Vaux fort after it had been pulverised by a week of heavy bombardment, they are bolding tremehes close 40 it on the north, south and west, 60 that the Germans find its retention very costly in life.It may be that the Russian of- femsive will shortly fores the Uermane to give up the!r offensive at Verdun, but even should it mot the French seem inclined to hold it until tue German huve expended on it the great mass of ammunition which they bave laid up, waiting their own time to -laünoh an offensive ut some other part of the line.It was the lack of ammunition which the Germans have expended at Verdun that made the Austrian line plercsable The French are suffering nothing is vais in holding the Verdun calient any mors hea are Gansdisne in holding the Ypres salient, in epite of the erité- cism of General Hughes, who will do well to leave the tactios of the war in the bands of General Sir Douglas Haig without trying to influence Lis action.\u2018 Kitchener One mors shock to Britain comes is the death of the great Kitchener.Often in one man seems to be personified the strength of a whole people.in Hebrew presse Lord Kitchener would have bean mcurned as the chariots of Israel and ti horsemen thereof.To the Briton, however, this is but a tribute to real greatness that always sought duty and never sought glory\u2014to à man who in tute well personified his country and her sons, who are everywhere doing their duty and getting themselves litte glory except that which is inseparable from duty donc.The greatest of sea fighte seems now to have been à great vietory for the British fleet; yet the Admiraity'e first modest announcement of its losses left the impression, in the presence of the German boasting, that it had been a great disaster.The Ger- muns are rejoicing over the death of lard Kitchener, which they of course a8 ume to be the work of à German sub- patine, and are placing it alongside the still asserted defeat of the fleet as part o! the disintegration of the British Empire, which in their disintegrated brains is rapidly going on.It is pitiful to ses the opce masculine intelligence of a great people so completely saddled.But in all this self-deceiving there is hope for that great nation.There must come an awakening and an erlightenment and a revolution that will overthrow the stronghold of lies.The British Empire hae lost a true and capable servant; that is all.A great career that was earning a dukedom has been cut short; but the dukedom would have added nothing to Kitchener 8 happiness or to his greatness.Yüan Events tumble upon each other very fest.Had it not been war-time the death of Yuan Shi Jai, the autocrat of China, ekmost the most important man a the world, would have been of tremen- dote interest.Yuan was momiesl or provisional president.He was reslly emperor, for be would not have allowed himeell to be displaced by a free elec tion.It would have been better that he should have been acknowledged as emperor than that, ns in all half-baked republics, he should be a titular president removable only by a revolutionary uprising, with all the chicanery and popu- Inr distrust and demoralization bry which such & position has to be from time to time maintained.Still it was « hor rible dismppointment to the republicans who had overturned the empire, and who locked for ideal conditions, to find a virtual monarchy firmly established.It wae in their eyes an overt sct of treason, 8 crime punishable with death when the virtual monarch aspired to the imperial dignity.One af their leaders hae telegraphed to an associste in New York that Yuan committed suicide by poison.: We recently heard that the German aespot of Turkey, von der Goltz, bad died in Armenia of spotted fever.We attached small belief to that statement, knowing bow greatly the Turks hated their insolent \u201cinfidel\u201d masters.We learned afterwards that he had been ne- sacsinated.Some months ago we beard from Constentinople that the Sultan's heir tad committed suicide by opening a vein, Remembering the very same story about Abdul Aziz, we did not believe it at all.We knew the prince was strongly at jesue with Enver and his teliow plotters who had sold Turkey to Germany, and thet Eaver had no scruples about murder.We pass no judgment on this Chinese telegram.We know that suicide is not uncommon in China.In Japan it is held in high ee- teem.We know that Yuan had aspired to the imperial throne and that recently, in view of the progress of revolt in many provinces, be bad to humble himself and proclaim his retirement from that ambition.The circumstances mey bave been such 26 to induce fim to seek happy despatch, But of this the kmown facts carry no conviction.The firet references to the president's illness said that he bad been poisoned.There were two per- ties to whom Yuan was ansthems.The republicans sccounted him a traitor, and the Jepamese, who have been openly $0 reduse all China to a dependency while Europes wee preoccupied by wer, saw in him the great obstacle to this achievement.All these revolts in China Ged the sympathy, probably the connivance, of Japan.It wae she who, with transparent purpose, protested to the powers against the ropublic becoming an empire.Bhe wanted to deal not with a solid nation, but with a rope of sand, & great nation of sheep with no adequate shepherd.Bun Yat Sen, the father of the revolution, would never have descended to assassination, but we cannot suppose that other patriots would bave less compunction then Brutus, whe dew Julius Cuessr wader Mike provoption.We cn only pry poor Chims thus left te ansrebis confu- » | Jhe Peoples Paper.| sion with a greedy sad wall organised plunderer at hor daprs.pre Success Bir George Foster, whom fate has designated te represent Canada and formally, es an imperis! privy counaillor, to represent the empire, st the Femo- mia Conference at Paris, has told the press that he goes there with good hopes of sucess.This seems to imply that, however diverse may be the notions of the Cuwadisn prple en the subject of internatiamel trade, or however mush bin peli may he at variance with the intergete of the Mother Country, Sir George has à defnite policy of his own in whieh ha hopes to euvosed.Indeed be may well se hope with the Rritieh Empire represented by the Australien Imparial protectionist Hughes and by Foster from Canada, along with Mr.Bossr Law, a very per- Sistevd protectionist.and only Lord Crews to represent Liberal England with her fixed policy of free trade.In the name of fortifying the trade of the Allies against that of (rermeny, they aim to insugurete à policy of perpetual war aguinat the German perple and to crush them industrially.Such a policy would give the Germans warreat in their own mind and in the mind of mankind for all the hatred that has been inatilled into them, and would render a etill strong nation, that might be re- dremed, hopeleæsly wicked and inveter- ately determined to make Hfe in the world umafe.To those who have such & purpose.what we presume Nir George Foster calls success, would mean a future of perpetusi strife.A Timely Protest The Methodiet Chaference condemned in strong terms the way in which tobacco, and especially cigageties, are being lavished and urged\u2019 wpon the soldiers in camp, in the trenghes and in bospital, making it almost: impossible for those not shvady addicted to its nse not to acquire the habit, often to à dangerous degree.It also condemned the way in which patriotism was being exploited to promote ithe \u2019 sod sale of tobsos.The ul of Robeeo was declared to be mdactive sad injurious to health, to be contrary te the principle of national econamy, sad se boimg in iteelf immoral and contrary to Christian consistency.It is no doubt immoral to allow ones to become the victim of an enslaving habit.But to that there is the ready answer that everybody does.At least most men smoke, and most of these are more or less in bondage.As buman beings are gregarious, thet is, follow each other, there is practically ne reply to that argument.As for the emnomy patriotism it has taken no bold on the average Cane- dimn.The mewepapers devete more apace than ever before to the frivolities of lide.In their advertising columns they are full of allurements to spend on ephemeral vanitiss.The more etraitened the times the more skillfully and temptingly these nets have to he spread in order to keep the businesses going.Never before was Vanity Fair eo much in evidence as in this year of war economy, Nineteen sixteen.The argument that will appeal to every man with a hammn heart is the protest of phyei- clans againeb the mischief wrought.Few physicians are in a position to condemn the common use of tobaoso.If asked, they would defend it.But at times they are desperate.A doctor tells of a soldier who had been treated for months with no eigne of improvement.This young fellow argued that smoking could do 4m no barm, as in England the nurses had brought him all the cigarettes he could emoke.If it was bad for him s great bare Jad heen done him as he bad never smoked before it was urged upon him by everyone.Alter long pervussion he by a fearful fight conquered the habit and immediately began to pick wp.But the same doctor is much ot up about another patient-\u2014a war hero, but unequal to the fight with tobscco\u2014who rather than obey left the sanatorium and died.These men, and they are only samples of the output of the trenches and hos- pltels.were smoking from thirty to a hundred cigarettes a day.Suoh is the form of some peopie's mont active kindness.Why not, says one.It is good \u2018newspaper dope.Hughes On Saturday the Republicss Party, im Corivention at Chicago, after an un- muaîly long contest, nomineted Charles K.Hughes as Republican candidate for the presidency, aad C.W.Fairbeaks, of Indiens, for Vice-Prenident.At the came time the convention of the Progremive Party at Chicago nominated Mr.Roosevelt as Na candidate for president, amd Joba M.Parker, of Louisiens, for Vies.President.Almost immediately Mr.Hughes telagrapied from Washington he scwptence of the nomination, cou- plimg it-vith « message is which he gives Showing the resent location of their life.If the army wee mo managed the beginning of the war for A real thoy will act honorably unless they are ' 3, 1 BATTLE FRONT thet every recruit was eonsidered à feht He said they had had numerous very clusely watched hy those whose | Tuk 4 farthest adv.of student, and tbe whole period of hig dividual encounters and clearly de business it is to inspect army provisions fers Ltrs 0 enlistment used to train him mot onl monstrated their heroic spirit.but had It will not do to leave this to the Brit.: », 2 saibte K Russians and Teutons.8s in hia facings, but in the eet me \u201c vai fi anth i A dn ov RL of Raiirbtés.\u2026_ Cents: comma FOrtEL ame nneé nen forced to wait month after man ish authorities, for they are sure to bs B 4 L Tr ots no! Farthest ad lines, Russiens 60.04 adapted to his mental and physical some for an open battle: that during this lement on Canadian gonds Qur own i \u2018 © ul Tory na\u201d 18 Yronchen:Si0ems l'arthest sdvance lines.7g tena: sasesee dition at the time of his entistment, i\" period repeated efforts had been made government should see to it that our\u2019 = Dorin Liskovo,] Bighes sa, 4 a hl would ret plenty df volunteers.There 16 bring the enemy.wut, but had proved goods are of the heat.and not of the\u2018 : iE - oy ess me ati NEATEUE ONE, BOF, M.Va are thousands upon thousands of young fruitless until the day finatiy came tant worst that will pass muster, both for: ' et SIN Pe don LIN Drissa > 4 o oJ 1 3 men who desire to get on in the world week when the gigantic fleet of Albin the make of aur men and for the future 8S EE 4 jovo Alénapdroyak nga Druls Y o who have not the education to take ofe appesred in the open \u201cInstantly\u201d \"es [of Canadian trade During the South ix Duka Bigblut Dis \" Gorodok, fos positions and who cannot leary eays, \u201cour flaet engaged this superior African war a good deal of canned stuff .Est Î ans IN favne qe .B SNK 4 trades because of the repressive rules \u201cBritish armada.And with what re was purchased (rom Canada by the Brit- | fi 9 ee \"Me Vink Totork! poste] Grapees % Sonn etree goverping sppresticeships.The arm \u201csult?The Rritish fleet was beaten.uh authorities and served to the Cana.' &-iater oof Cram AY + ren Sees, Misdycl Due > Rotais taking on euch men at the of \u201che first big Mow was dealt the Brit- diane, also to some extent to the rit.| \"Pasig Rinigobers.cas ZN Wn.K rg Apodbeolies Me fre Du teen, could give them a \u2014 oe \u201cwh fleet, whose tyranmeal supremacy ah, and no glory was gained {or Canada Daria » ur Re SP yves shit Oboltet of th *, 3 .3 He.laf, of em drill, and turn \u201cwas shattered\u201d Thin sounds an if {by the deal Canned strawberry jum | eBay x ss = fe bin fod Aen raha Dabrorna beng ot urn tea i wis an o so n if the German Emperor had lest hw hal (sont from (anads was a liquid concac- s Cordave te ~ cu doive oe Bode account.What the United \u2018ttes ance.or lost his ability to weigh and tion with small strawberries, like wild sé Tache M 7 ri vo ne FA ¢ L Le wants js a few educationiets and bi estimate events.Ouly a man drunk serawberries.floating around in à Juice by ea Rud AUX \" rd tai o \u2018 Gia hess men mixed in its army ota te with success or numbed with failure that the men «urmisal was made from \u2018 rentrerderl |8 NE 7] Late n o A bring in the \u2018 ; reoruit could imagine that the loss suffered by | apples, sugar and timothy seed.lt! ET Est Cort IF qrcagtewe _ mis 3 3 2 training in peace pri he a scouting squadron of crumers under salue was mot halt that of the same | qu AE MR de] ING n orp pgen à > than a weated efface, hd Admiral Beatty had seriously crippled sired tins served to the men put up hy A s 3 Fy Konica 2 24 = ) 1 ; 3 A i = rin .tite British fleet.More oe Crower aml Rlackwell in London.Cana- no et } E J lo 1 ; S © Nesvif 1 F Reconstruct on of-war, we have good reason to helieve.dian canned chicken served in hospitals + Tibi Armin TIES OefrB ent: ! rrèner How fa have heen butt and launched sinve TRE had à very striking resemblance to un oy\u2019 bre: Sigrpe A in \u201cza ; i er No e 189 war ia vies of pad prepare foi war began than have been lost And veal, both in looks and taste à oy! Pose Debi fad 3 d a they $k M1 8B, Kral bated \u2018question > La cn des Germany's Loses wo know have met leinnes berf, the men were never so well | dpt Mio Plone Er) AEZ a Aa se a pr pA, ut ie 18 certain that been negligible Sha lost a section of ! pleased as when the tin hore the brand | 4 = iat * Gliergte chele D Moika (7 4 paration for £he task eee be pres her fieet on the Falkland Lsland battle, oo , i Blonie - e, Litor > \u201cbr she D .\u2018 s of pence.It had \" i : ot the Armour packing house in Chicago, rie 1 e Brintane a, Four\u201d T long been affirimed hy the historians thay a few more by noneà and torped 965.ai moat of them did Neither the wat.| re ÿ oi w foe Bite Le mt ay de n Pet it took a century for Germany ¢o some were asad into oil of tie WA) jean that was PUT Up tn Australia nor the Katies Age \u201c al 2, Le oar pen, Fire LRH a Sw P Cocodsle cover materially from the on, of th corners and des inyed, and dew A NUM heal that was put up in England was Xho 1e\u201d Ÿ = ( TL v Thirty Years War (1818.48), and Gees ber of vesels which Ritish authorities anything like ae satisfactory lt out stone Ta oy ur AX pb PY ot Man economists have ated ad > Ë ber than the Co ; $ = .Sy Ï with Be Nein on ht pare beer | manufactures are mot watched the ame, he ik L A 2 au sim pu ata}p Oviutdh lst forty vears that the eriminall \u2019 : pe he tunge will eccur agam, and while some \"7x ; + ju] x lerst Lo & statistios of that country were still the destroyed There 1 nothing very sok pot our manufacturers may desire to be Pa Botse e) a ein Room Lures: spa .; Beaviest in those districts where the way ne about the rman forse \" it ve honest 1t will he quite impossible for af Otro, Kner Khanrrtew © IL SN Tal ey, pressed the longeat.That Frederield infeed a pe at a a ve hen ® them to Jive up to the deat standards un.| apse a rubisazow, 5 siete ive dian the Great, more than a contury later man aber nes Hs ; lesh the competitors are forced to do so Paco p, ca Unk oS / 443 {85 deliheratels determined that the ravegesi a \u2018e luruiman nas) he Ls vareï | | ; ode eR pe! a >, Hert hax boom iam omen te Tog 91 CATETUl scrutiny of heir go.moe ec ee a\u201d SA, Ù A , iron Seven Years War should be red ring of the war to got in contact with rd] wari pe A œtros a Zhitomiy pps Lu) time.Pi yw IR proportionately leg! the Pritish tieot, but that the Retii sil d Goid ute edt xd BE Xk demesne of care \" | at he succeeded in ter ficet could not be brought ent, and 1m ilvet an 0 * WN dewerow TH WN N Ae a, i Kanct Tra el known.What Germany pales that this man the feat chance that | What has happened to silver 19 the | ST [= berg putain secte n A4 re vig her industrial development! tic German fleet had to get the Rrit Question that ie beiny largely canvassed | Janob, \u201cJe Pomotziny - Son 71, helped by the immenss ine ith flest in tSe open be © wither quite nm commercial circles.silver has heen o t : nity she wrung from France, ts 8.22 or \u2018ntratonals linz The litter Aomeupandup in price.Fer since the, familiar to all.France too recovered.view hardly seems u-eful, tor the men, b'ginning vf the war it has been going | Senpels - & remarkably short time, thenim toi of tie navy could net possilly believe up At an unprecedentsd rate.To day | ° shrilt of her Pensantry and to à him They ars milly aware that their the silver in the Ameriean dollar, whieh wider and more rigorous application AY lan been lying undsr the protec- ar the beginning of the war was worth of science to industry.The entente ter of their shore ques and mine fields | forty-eight conte, is worth seventr | allies have ready discussed plans for ever aince the beymnins of the war.[cents Years aga.when Mr.Bryan a economic restoration and re-adjumienent wie & small section of the British | war running hin free silver campaign, after the present war.Whether the Davy, to keep them frightened.has been | the American silver dollar had an in end of the conflict is to be measured plying back and forth, on what the ' tier value of about sixty cents.As in months or in years it is certain Germans call the German ocean.just | that time tos atm between silver and that there is vam reconstrustive work off their const, watching to see that cald™wan twenty.saven to one.while to be done, both in and out of the they did not ome out There has heen | Mir Bryan wanted it fixed by ast of warring countries.a good deal of open critic:-m of the Ger: | (ongrees at sixteen to one: the Tatio of For the manifold tasks of restoration | IAN navy in the German press, and the weight of the silver dolinr to that | and resonstruction\u2014and they are moral even the German people.from whom à ot the gold dollar.During the years sig > Mush {and opiritusl as well as maderial-\u2014ehers Beod deal of truth is hidlen.know bet.intervening between that and the po A: Ra get ANS VANTA SAR masa asiui 5 @ 4 Odesss will be an immense call upon the laten ter than to believe such foolish talk.ried just before the war silver sank m Voor > 17 jaros Vasarhely u 1) Leipsis 5 energies of thought and aotion in the \u201cvalue to forty-eight cents.and ite Nor Fayed sphely, oN ; 7° danchesÿ pi | world.\u2018The moral and » changes German Losses value in relation to gold was thirty dy PRES, Oba ; y \u201c will in sll produbility be as fareeaching three toone.To-day, at seventy cents T or Kadi nea A as those which followed in Burepe Two dure after the Kawer made on tue dollar, its value in relation to , 4 AY offfethi alia desig) gy the French revohuti hi h to the men of the German in ta i Mermadnotailt Fosares un u K \u201d on.How far diffère ia apeech t men, ; Bnld.is twenty-three to one.that is to VS [rugs tan ia iL Fokshan .BLAC ent in kind they will be time avy at Wilhelmshaven, congratuldting i oc nic twenty theae ounces of silver .Nagv.Rel à ' ! A 3 - | Bat the wl nd an them on their splendid victory.the cap be hought for one ounce of gold.= G Cents k po 3 | salt : \u2018 Neveats * i a better world is to be looked for German Admiralty officially admitted op 0g of the 33.3 ounce that could Verseef\\ after the war, the results wil the loss of the \"Introw,\" a twenty-six Le bought for an ounce of gold in the Bel A = = largely upon the people in the worl thousand ton dreadnought hattle cruis- sr.and the loss of the \u201cRostok\u201d a four thousand nine hundred ton modern éght cruiser bmiit in 1912 This brings Bermans'e loss in light bonts of the torpedo and tarpedo dJeatrover class up to tive and in boats of a heavier clase than these up to six.German's low.| as admitted by herself, being: the mruiser battleship \u201cLutzow.\u201d the hat.devhip \u201cPommern.\u201d the cruisers \u201c\\Wies- daden,\u201d \u201cEling\u201d \u201cFrateniob\u201d and \u2018Rortock.\u201d with fue torpedo boats.the British have smd positi Ix that they rank a German submarine, claesing dis along with the torpedo hoats we wve & German admitted loss of nix teary ships and six light ships, while the Biritieh loas is six heavy ships and ight light ships It ia to he noted hat the fierman Admiralty admit hat they knew of the loss of the Tutzow\u201d and the Insa of the \u201cRon; week,\u201d but they had suppressed it for oititary purposes, and now that we.mow of this wilful suppression we ave every reason to believe that there rere even more ships sunk than Cer.sany has vet allowed, for the British Mimiraity assert that they have gond saron to believe other ships were sunk.The part of the Emperors «peech, in thieh he hoastr of a victory, was to ome extent warranted br the facts, mt Vas probably most largely built on meubetantial tales of the destruction \u20ac more British ships than wer.lat.tur fleet did ita work and did it well.Me German fleet was forced to return ® hiding.which is all our fleet demands fit.May our fleet have even better uck next time it can coax the Ger.sant to give battle.dors Watch the Canners Some time ago an emhergn was placed ÿ Britain on quite & number of items, ome of which were luxuries, and others scessary fonds, but of a bulky nature, or the purpose of decreasing imports nd so making less the demand on ship- ing.Freight rates had gone up at this ime to a fabulows price, being abaut ten Imes ae high ss normal Whether be.suse of this action, or for some other sason, freight rates have since declined snasdorably and a large amount of ahip- tag haa been freed lor the carriage of terial from North America to Europe.we of the results is that the embargo n canned etuffs, meats, vegetables and aimé, ie to be remnved from gnods many.setured in Canada, though left in force 8 goods manufactured is the United tates.We would like to think that vw will act homorably in this anther provide our men at the front 0D 08 good sanned sll as they would dare just before the war, and silver ir to-day worth 1.46 percent of its value before the war.Silver bas, therefore, zone up in price fortyeix percent.That would seem to nevessitate the conclusion that it is forty-six percent more valuable, but that is only a auperfical 1dea.Cheaper Gold In ectimating the change 1m silver values we have to remember this ap- preriation in price is based on ite com- pavison with gold.It is, indeed.oniy a comparison between the value of gold and silver to-day, and their values a: the beginning of the war.Now it would be just as easy.it this were our only data, to conclude that gold had gone down in price as that silver had gune up in price.Therefore it in necessary that we look at the prices of other commodities, and compare the change in the relation hetween the va- lur of \u2018gold and their value, and then compare the change in the relation be- tveen their value and the value of silver, To do this we take the value of two hundred and sixty-two commedi- tive, including practioally all the items that enter into the general use of our community, and we find that the aver: sge price of these commodities from April, 1914, to April, 1916, has rises by thirty-one percent.It is fair to eay, therefore, that since the beginning of the war gold has depreciated in value «2 much that it now takes thirty-one percent more gold to buy the eame amount of bricks, electricity, flour, sugar, cotton, etc.than it did before the war.As, then, the average value of commodities has appreciated thirty.one percent, and the value of diver hap appreciated fortyeix percent, hy sub tracting ome from the other we find that silver has only appreciated fifteen percent more than the Average com- inodity.That is to say, only fifteen percent of this rise in silver is not accounted for by the depreciation ia gol.Some Reasons Mr.T.H.Price.im his \u201cCommerce sad Finance,\u201d suggests that this rise is accounted for by a diminishing twe of gold as currency.Ia Eagland and throughout the Continent.during the last eighteen months, gold.be says, is no longer anywhere in circulation, paper has taken its place.while the gold has heen stored in the banks, where it te held as a reserve against the enormous value of outstanding credits and curremoy.In this way our gold dollar is multiplied five times and great credit chligutions built upon ft, with the re.wit of à corréopondiàg aocbleration ia The double mobid line on this map shows the position which the Russian, Austrian end German armies have occupied ever tince last fall.The line made with crosses running from Dofna Vastra to Kracow, and from the vicinit of Melawa to Tilsit, shows the furthest advance of the Russian forces when they occupied almnet the whale of Gali ce and à large part of Fast Pruseia.The line made of round dots, to the east of the double line which represents the position held by the Russiens during the winter, in the mnat forward position which the Austro-German armies have occupied.the rate at which the depreciation of sold has become manifested.He thinka it doubtful that gold will ever come into general circulation.Something of this sort must he held accountable, for there has been Do expansion in the output since the beginning of the war.While we have seen how two-thirds of tle rise is accounted for, thers in etill a very interesting problem as to the reason for the other third.There has been no such decrease in the silver output as would warrant it, no evidence of the exhaustion of big mines.There bas, to be eure, heen a temporary decrease in the Mexican output, but this was thoroughly understood to be hut temporary, and iver is such a lasting commodity that the explanation is mot sufficient, especially as the larger part out of this output went to Germany.which has not been gettifig its usual supply since the war began.The most probable explanation we can giveof this rise in the value of bilver above the average rise in the volue of other com: modities is thet the ecomomy which is everywhere being more or Less prac.tissd is calling for the substitution of silver for gold in orsaments] end manu facturing ubes.It would net take « great change in the call for silver watches, watoh chains and cuff finks in the plass of gold to aecount for the ties.* « \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 Food Shortage Germmay ie not starved, but there fe no manner of doudt that ber food supply has run 85 short as fo have necésti- tated very severe changes in the menu of the nation.Iu cerenlé.possibly bde- awed théye wore the first foods taken care of by the government, her em does not appear a be bad.lt is announced thet calcination has shown that at the prevent ress of consumption there will be à tenéred thousend tom of wheat loft over from Bet yeartd dac- The international boundaries are unfortunately not heevily marked, but can be traced by carefully following the dash-dot line starting from Vilkovo, on the Black Sea, and running up the Pruth River to Czernowitz; thus far it delimits the narthedn boundary of Roumania.from here the line runs straight north up the valley of the Zbruez River to a.little north to Volochisk.From here it runs eastward, marking out the northern boundary of Vialivia as far as Myslowitz, and then northward.mack.ng, the eastern boundary of Polead.he Russians have been very escret- ive ae to just where the great offensive vest when next year's harvest is garnered, and that in consequence she 1 able to make an increase in the distribution to divide up this excess.But a hundred thowsand tons is only a matter of two hundred million pounds, aad, when divided among a population of about seventy million, gives about three pounds apiece, ao that the increase in the allotments will not be a very no- ticenble factor.Of potatoes Germany bas quite run short, and is looking forward anxiously to the new seuson.In another month she will be harvesting a few early tubers, but these will be dug very sparingly, so that ae much of the crop as possible may develop to ame- turity.It is in mest, fate, and butter that Germany feels the shortening of her food Gupply most acutely.Rations of the soldiers Dave betn cut, and the supply of the civilians, of ali but the fairiy well-tn-do classes, have been con.tinuonsly decreased by the rising prices.We Rave had many signe of the food shortage, auch as bread tickets, butter tickets, potate, sllowasces, md now, nost_dradtic of all, dhe eperring of come muna! eatiog houses, Shus bringing us back to the days of Liyourgus and his Spartan inglelation, except thet in Sparta a decree that all citizens should belung to dining clubs, composed of about fftedn members, was limited to the male portion of the community, whereas in Germaay the state dining Todme ore designed to food the whol population.tdi t\u2014\u2014 A Not Famine Put all this docs not mien Actual famine; it only monns hordohip and change.There la, 00 far 2o,we have any means of knowing, enough oad in Germany to carry the people to the potato arop, which will be sufficient to carry them through $0 the.grain her- vest, and 60 eaery them throdgh (he winter.The Irish mation during ite most douricting porto subsistel very hes taken place, but we gather from their despatches that the mein break in the Austrian lina was just south of Koki, for at Kolki and Czactoryek (these places being little north of Laitek).the Austrians that they are till holding the banks of the Stye River, and that very flerce fighting is in progress.it te not improbable that it is the Germane that are really holding at this paint, and that they are trying to break through to the relief of the hard pressed Austrians to the south.Haring broken the line.the Russians went rapidly shead and captured the largely on 8 diet of potatoes; the Scotch nation, on the other hand, made oats ite staple food in the days of ite poverty.ls equatorisl countries many of the native tribes are vegetarians, with oconeional meat eating debauches.The arable land of Germany, Austria, Poland, Serbia, Bulgaria and Turkey is far more then sufficient to ralse all the food thet is necessary.It will not give Ahat abundamce of the higher grades, such as meat, hutter and eggs.which it hes been the custom of the people to consume, but it will give what the people of à couple of centuries ago would bave considered abundance, if the rains thie year do not fail, and if \u2018there is sufficient labor and horses to get the orops properly planted.The bardship of making the change will, without à doubt, influence the German people toward a desire for the cessation of hostilities, and, taken together with\" the sorrows occasioned by the ossuaity list, and the growing uncertainty thet the loans that the government ie securing will ever bear fruit, is resufting in a tide of peace talk that mounts higher and higher, a tide that the n Em.pevor may find it as impossible to cheek a it wes for Canute sitting in bis chair on the beuoh to check the ocean and prevent it rising to wes his feet.A Small Army The United States ja out after re- cœuite for He army.The standing army of that country consiets of elghty-two thousend men.They are trying te rise this to n minimums pence stréngth of two hundred and six thousand men.Rut the young men see mat flocking to the recruiting stations; they are taking care to avoid them amd pam by on the ather side of êhe atreet/ 1t will be remembered that only a fortnight ago New York had tens of thousands of men ta ¥ne for a préparednees campaign, that Chicago had à sisrilar proasesion, and Ghat odher sities dep dbing the Like \u2018 4 strong fortress of Lutsk, sad evrespin 2 southward captured Dubne.With these two positions they took great quantities of ammunition.Much further south, just to the north of Crer- nowitz, they aleo broke the Austrian line and secured a crossing of the Dpiester at Zaleszcryki, where, it is reported, on Monday they took two whole divisions of the Austrian army prisoner.A little further to the north of this they have driven the Austrians Trom the Buypa to the Zlota Lips.Thus nearly two hundred miles of the Austrian line from Csrnowits to Kolki, have been forced to give ground and are in places making & disooganised retreat.There ie without doubt « big spontaneous demand for a larger army and navy in the United States, which will make it possible for that country to receive a certain amount of respect from other countries when it writes diplomatic notes.With all of these men voluntarily parading for bigger armigs one would suppose it would not be difficult to get young men to join the colors.But business is exceptionally good in the United States, wages, taken all around, are possibly higher than ther ever were before, so that the army pay, which {a approximately the same aa the Canadian pay, does not appeai to the young men.There are but three incentives that taire men into the army : the necéssity of securing à living, pe- triotiem and the desire for adventure.There ie, at the present time, a little more possibility of adventure in the Amerien army than in ordinary times, but not eufficient to be alluring; young men are not forced into the army to san à Hving, and they fee! no demand on their spirit of patriotism, for thelr country is not at war.Were the United States to go to war men would flock to the colors just as they have done in Canada, and just ae they did in the time of the Civil War.The very fat that the United States has seen the Beitish Empire rise and train armies which are numbered by the million, under the strées of war, makes them certain th:y could do Ifcewise, end that until war Treaks out they do not want to waste their time playing tia soldier.pomme rr A Useful Training There tre two ways in whith the United States can get the reeruite it wants.It ean get them by paying the priee.These will be mercemeriés, to be more, Wit that le all the country is looking for.There ie another and very much better way in wich the United Bates could reise 188 army Lo & strength of o quarter of & million mea with yy Those who have given up their Nve for the great cause of freedom will died in vain if the masses of mei! kind are not quickened to à deeper) sense of duty and to nobler action.world\u2019s resources in knowledge have enormously increased in the last Lun dreu years.The progress in science hag been greater in volume, perhaps, them that of any previous thousand youn, But the unforgettable German atronite ies in Belgium show that the \u201cape and tiger\u201d elements of human nature oan survive in one of the most advanced of scientific countries, Gcisnce itself is not condemned by this fact, bys the moral and spirituel forces of mankind are vividly shown to be more aad more in need of mobilisation.Fifty yoars ago some of tiv moblest or Hnge laad's men of science cherished the hope that modern science was opening a ney era of beneficente for the world.Bo it bas in a thousand ways, but # has forged also the weapons of malevolence in the present war.The murder of noacombmisnts from the flying Zep.peline, and the use of poisoned gases, serve to sho% once more that solemes, instead of being of iteelf the vedemption of man, will, spurt from moral end | spiritual forces, practice an infernal | kultur, and that the highest intelles- ; tual gitta may be perverted to the | besest purposes, whea thay work! \"without \u201ca conscience snd a dw.\u201d \u2014ametmer=ntett London, June 13.\u2014From the wooded region of southwest Russia to the Rou- manian frontier the Russians are kesp- ing Up their tremendous offensive sgainet the Austro-Hungarians, who bave been reinforced on several sess tors by Germans.1 The advance of the Russians is \u2018note able for the large number of prisoners taken and the enormous captures of guns, machine guns, ammunition asd other war stores.In the week that has elapsed since they first threw their attacks against the Austrians, the Rus atans report that they bave captured approximately 108,000 officers and men and forced back the organised lines of thelr antagonists from the region of Voltynian fortress \u201ctriangle to Roumania.Having previously captured LauteX, | the Russians have now retaken Dubna, the second of the fortresses in the Volrynisp triangle held by the Auotri- ans and are pressing the Jetreat Austrians westward.In icin Bukowina progress aiso has been made by the Russians.The Austrisns admit the withdrawal of their forces in northeastern Buko- vins.* : The Austrians all along the battle front are putting upa stubborn resiet anos, especially sast of Kolki, lying to the north of Lutsk, where they ve forced back Russian advanced elements across the Styr River, and In the region of Torgevitay, on the Gtyr, séuth où Latak, Where a sanguinary date & is progress ; ET > 5 THE CRUISER HAMPSHIRE LORD KITCHENER AND MEMBERS OF STAFF DROWNED WHEN SUNK OFF THE ORKNEYS Greatest Shock To Empire Sin ce the War Commenced\u2014War Minister Was Proceeding With Hic Staff to Meet t he Czar and Visit Russian Front, When Ship Struck a Mine Most oi Thcse on Board Perished.or Was Torpedoed, and London, June 6, 10.20 pm \u2014The news ge Earl Kitchener, secretary of state war, end his staff, who whers pro- eesding to Russia aboard the cruiser MHampehire\u201d were lost ff the Orkneys ls- lands last might, is the most stunning wow Great Éritain has received since e war began.This is the second shock the country tained within a week.The other was when mewepapers appeared Friday mvening with the first intelligence of the \u2018wavel Battle in the North Sea, with vir.\u2018ually mo istimation that there waa any pompensation in the way of snemy losses, he bulletin telling of the desth of Kit- *chener gave the country an even greater Shock.Kitchener wan the one outstand- Sng personslity whom the people telked tof and believed in as a great man, notwithstanding newspaper attacks which mt « former period of the war threat.med to undermine his popularity and the public confidence in him.NEWS SPREAD RAPIDLY.A telegram from Admiral Sir John llicos, commavder of the fleet, giving he bare facts, was received at the ad- \u2018miralty about 11 o'cloek in the morning.Whe first official announcement was is wued at abou: 1.30 in the aftermoon.Such mews, however, canno\u2019.be kept wntirely secret even for an hour.Before noon rumors were spreading.and telephones in the newspaper offices re busy with inquirers anxious to iknow whether this\u2014one of the many reports circulating in these days of tension w\u2014had any foundation.They were told was nothing in it.Admiral felliroe\u2019s report to the ad- Usiralty was bs follows: +1 have to report with deep re.! gret that His Majesty\u2019s ship \u201cHam * shire,\u201d Capt, Herhert J.Savill, RN, | with Lord Kitchener and his staff .on baard, was sunk last night shout \"8 pm.to the west of the Orkneys, » either by & mine or a torpedo.\u201cFour boats were seen by observers om shore to leave th ship.The wind wis north-northwest, and heavy seas were running.\u201cPatrol vessels and destroyers at once proceeded to the spot.end a party was sent along the coast to search, but only some bodies and & ; capsized boat have been found up to the present.As the whole shore has .heen searched from the seaward.I R-eatly fear that there is little hope { of there being any survivors.| \u201cNo report has yet been received from the search party on shore.\u201cHME \u201cHampshire\u201d was on her s way to Russia.\u201d When the #fiicial ansouncement was Bn issued the fact spread about Lon- nm some time before the newspapers oul?get into the streets.There was & crowd shout the steek exchange which woquired police reserves to deal with.he police told evervome ta move om: What there was no truth in the re ports.+ POUGGHT FOR NEWARPAPERS, \u201c At the same \u2018time another mass of people were assembling about the gov- wrnment ufficen in Whitehall.AN the mindows of the War office had the cur.Gains lowered.That confirmed the wumor byond doubt.Uther crowds wethered around the newspaper offices; when the boys came out with an arm gu) of extras the people fell on them and fought for the papers.In the cour.me of the afternoon the flags on nll Buildings were half masted.; The fergiioh undoubtedly are s stoical @oople and have taken the good and Vhe had tidings pf the war with an wbeence of emotion eu ing to out widers.But no one could have walked Wh.London streets today without per.osiving that somehow the common people booked as though a calomity had befallen them.The foreign office was saddened by the Hoss of one of its most valued members, Hugh James ('Beirne, while Sir Fred- prick Donaldson and Brig.Gen.Eller aw, of the ministry of munitions, were w to be whom the nation could le afford to lose.ee, fact that the cruiser \u201cHamp ire, with between 200 and 300 men ob sank was generally accepted as an unfortunate detail in these days when @ thousand men go under almost as an igcident of warfare.and the Canadians\u2019 Batttle gets a scanty column in the Bewspspem., KING AT WAR COUNCIL * The King came from Windsor snd went for \"Fremier Asquith vwbe: he Beard the pews.The war council held » long session.Naturally speculation regerding iKtehener's successor began -tmimedidtely.Among those discussed were David Lloyd George, Lord Derby.and the chief of the imperial staff, Sir \u2018Wm.Robertson.But whether © mili- KE: yman or & civilian will take the \u2018ar Office has not yet been decided.Bart Kitchener met death at a mo- t which will ineure his position in tish histaçy.eH was almost the prly member of the government.who from the beginning confidently nesert- pod that this would be à long war\u2014bis west estimate vas three Fears\u2014and » insisted that the government should make its plans accordingly.The or ion of the enormous Rritish ar- oy ie well under way.The general otafl, under Gen.Sir Wm.Roberteon\u2019s direction according to the uelisf, hes well in hand the task of working out - details which Kitchener's brain wae rgely instruments! in planning and daunching.There is no evidence to show whether \u201cHampshire\u201d was submarinned or petruek n mine.Many ships have heen Er on between Russia and Great Brit.mn over the same route since the port Archangel wan npemed.Au official statement issued thie even.lee than it would otherwise have been luse no one knew that Karl Kitchen- ler had left England.A memorial ver- rase od held in St.Faure grieved sation was depressed pat tbe news of Gen.Townshends eur.sender at Kut-el-Amera, dut not before laps been saddened as today.WAS TO MEET CZAR Bast Kitchener to Russie ot Bn mocuest of the Surcian Govers t Le ment.He intended to land at Archangel and visit Petrograd, and probably fo to the Russian front.Hie mission had chiefly to de with the eupply of muinitionse for Russia The Harl ex, pacted to be back in London for the reopening of parliament on Jume 20.An o;cial statement issued this even- ing says that Earl Kitchener was to have discussed important military and frrancial question with Emperor Nicholas.WHERE DISASTER OCCURRED.The Orkney Islancs off wwhich the d raster occurred are off tne northern coast of Feotland.Th ecommander the \u201cHampshire\u201d wae apparently head- WAS Brita.n°s grestest soldier since Wellington was Kitchener of Khartoum\u2014 | better known throughout the British Empire as \u201cK.of K.* Never had: Britain a soldier-leader who inspired and held the confidence of the nation as did Horatio Herbert Kitchener.He now pai out in his 66th year.He was the first Earl Kitchener of Kbartoum and Broome.His title now goes to his brother, Lt.-Col.H.E.C.Kitchener, bis heir.Kitchener never married.He had not tite tor women.His title was not a thing of favoritism.It was the nation\u2019s thanks for services rendered.: THOUGHT ONLY OF WORK.He was made a baron in 1898, and in 1902 became a viscount, with \u201cof Khartoum\u201d added te his name because of his signal succèss in the Sudan campaign.In 1909 he decame field marshal.In 1914, when the world war Named out, it was Kitchener that they called to the post of Secretary of War, where he has remained ever since.First thing he did when he went into the war office was to have a bed brought into the huilding, so that he would not need to leave it.Work was the only thing that interested K.of K.He was born June 24.1850, in\u2019County Kerry, Ireland, a fact that gave rise to a general belief that he was of Irish blood.but his parents were of French soldier, but of no very high rank.He had managed to climb to the lieutenant colonelcy of a dragoon regiment.when he retired to the estate in Ireland, where Horatio Herbert Kitchener, the to-be-distinghished son, was born.HIS SUDAN SUCCESS.Young Kitchener received his fundamental military education at Wool- wich, where he displayed only ordinary brilliancy, with the exception of his liking for mathematics.The fight at Omdurman, Sept.2, 1898, just across the Nile from Khartoum, was the greatest battle of Kis- che! 's time in Egypt.Osman Digha faced him with 50,000 Mahdists, while he had but 20.000 men.When the battle was over 11.000 of the Mahdists had been killed outright, 10,000 wqunded, and 4,000 taken prisoners, while the English and Egypi- ian loss was altogetirer under 500 men.With the capture of Khartoum, capital of the Sudan, which meant the re-establishment of British posses- ston of these upper reaches of the Nile, Kitchener became the object of hero worship in England.For his triumph in the Budan he was Talsed to the peerage as Baron Kitchener of Khartoum.and received the thenks of parllament and a grant of $180,600.HIS WORK IN THIS WAR.Earl Kitchener was appointed Secretary of State for War on August 8, 1914, four days sfter Great Britain's declaration of war on Germany.He was regarded as England's test soidi nd the decision of the guv- ernment to entrust him with supreme direction of the war was received with unanimous approval.Britain's deficiencies in certain directions, particularly in regard to shortage of artillery ammunition, be- eames apparent, ford Kitchener was subjected to severe criticlem, led hy Lord Northcliffe.The secretary was charged with responsibility for failure to forsee the extraordinary demand for heavy shells, and as a result, the Ministry of Munitions was formed with David Lioyd George at its RAISE DGREAT ARMY.Sarl Kitchener's responsidilitios were further lessened by the appointment of Gen.Sir William Robertson as Chief of the Imperial Staff in De- comber of last year.It was reported and English descent.His father was a 000.As the war progressed and Great |.ing lor Archangel, intending to take 8 course around the northern end of the Scandinavian peninsula into the White Bea.The \u201cHampshire,\u201d which cost $4,350, 000, was built 13 years ago, was 450 ft.long and 10,850 tonnage.Her regular complement was 685 men, but it is understood only about half that number were on hoard.* THE NEW EARL.The heir to Lord Kitchener's title of nobility is his brother, Col.Henry Elliott Chevalier Kitchener, who served in Purman and in the Manipm Æxpedition of 1891.He is 70 years oid, and has a son, Commander Henry F.C.Kitchon- er, R.N., bom 1878.WARBANT OFFICRR AND 11 MEN ESCAPED ON RAF.London.June RK.One warrant offi- er an deleven men, survivors of the cru\u2018ser \u201cHampshire,* which went dovu orf the Orkney lelands, with Earl Kitchener and members of his staff ahuard.have been washed ashore on a raf*, ac eurding to an announcement mad~ hy the Admiralty to 1:ght Thurso, Reotland, June 8, vis Lon:l - Several bodies from the cru \u201cHampshire,\u201d on which Fiell adreia Earl Kitchener ed members of hia staff were lost, are being brought here.Among them is that of Lieut.Cal.0.A.Fitzgerald, private military secretary to Earl Kitchener.Aberdeen, Scotland, Tune 8.\u2014 The erviser \u201cHampshire\u201d sank in deep water, two miles from land.hetween Mar- wek Head and the Brougn of Birsay on the wewat const of the Orkmey Islande.GREATEST SOLDIER SINCE WFLLINGTON, IDOL OF BRITISH NATION Lord Kitchener Was the Most Wonderful Leader and Organizer of Men of Modern Times, and His Life Was One Continuous Round of Wonderful, Successful Work Marshal French, then in command of the British forces in France.Shortly after \u2018the appointment of Gen.Rob- ertscm, Field Marshal French relinquished his command.Notwithstanding the criticism directed against Ear] Kitchener, his great accomplishments during the war are recognized universally.© Foremost of his achievements is the cretion from FEogland's untrained manhood of a huge army.At the beginning \"of the war Great Britain had only a few hundred thousand trained men.To-day more than 5,000,000 men are enrolled for the various branches of the service.There have been no recent reports of \u20acarl Kitchener's movements.IN SOUTH AFRICA.Kitchener was Chief of Staff to Lord Roberts in the South African War, and.on Lord Roberts\u2019 return to England In November, 1900, succeeded him as commander-in-chief in that field.By constructing a 3500-mile chain of blockhouses he stopped the Boer raids, and virtually ended the war in South Africa, This added to his popularity and prestige at home.and he was rewarded by the title of viscount, promotion to the rank of general for distinguished service, the thanks of the parliament.and a grant of $250.- Immediately after the peace General Kitchener went to India as com- mander-in-chief of the British forces there.and in this position which he held for seven years, he carried out not only many far-reaching sdminis- trative reforms, but a complete reor- xanization and strategical redistribution of the British and native forces.On leaving India in 1909 he was promoted fleld marshal and appointed commander-in-chief and high commissioner in the Mediterranean and later on took a\u2019 tour of inspection of the forces of the entire empire, drawing up a scheme of defence af the overseas dominions.- He then returned to Egypt.the scene of his first triumph, in the capacity of British agent and consul-general in Cairo-virtually a governor-general- ship ot Egypt\u2014and led in the economical development of the country, building new roads and irrigation projects on & large scale.\u201cALL STEEL AND ICE.\u201d During all the years the British nt that time that friotion hed arisen detween Bari Kiteheair and Tul a people had looked on Kitchenar's sii- ont but effective work, they had mever been able to fathom this personality.A cockney non-commissioned officer, who had seen much service under him, summed up the geners! opinion when he said of Kitchener.\" \u2018E's no talker.Not \u2018Im.E's all steel and b'ice.\u201d His face was that of a man who neither asked for sympathy nor want- od it.HARD WORK IN THE DESERT.His success in the 8udan was the result of thirtesn years\u2019 work in the desert, when be stlently pursued the Kalita and bis hordes, laying the railway each mile as he pushed on, and met the enemy at last.He concluded his work of blowjag up the Mahii's toinb, scattering the bones of the prophet to the four winds.and settling the sands of the desert over the spot where the tomb had heen.For this he was seversly criticised, and in the House of Commons he was censured by some gentimentalists for an act of vandalism.He curtly replied that his instructions weft to destroy the enemy and he had done so, and to insure the future peace he had also destroyed the resting place of the prophet hy whom the fanatics swore, as the tomb would have been a rallylug centre for the enemy.He had wiped out all traces of the prophet and the followers.The resulting peace justified him.When, after three avful disasters to British arms In South Afvira under the command of Gen.\u2018Huller, the \u201cDaily Mail\u201d came out with the placard, \u201cThe government's Christmas present to the nation: [nrd Roberts and Lord Kitchener to leave for the front.\u201d the whole British people gave would be repaired.Roberts for tactics, Kitchener for organization.\u201cHe lived for his life work: his passion was for efficiency.He served no other god but the god of battles,\u201d sald one of his critics.His whole life was planning and organizing of forces.He never had a great reputation as a skilful leader in manoeuvring; tt was as an organizer that he was supreme.He was exact in equipment, mathematical In calculation, stern to ruthless to accomplish his end.Yet he settled the Boer war by offering to the leaders of the Boers terms o! surrender so generous that omly @ man of statesmanlike mind could have seen them to be justified.HIS WORK IN INDIA.In 190?he was sent to India as commander-in-chief.where he thoroughly reorganized the Indian army, in which operation he came into collision with Lord Curzon, who resented his high-handed methods.His instructions were to reorganize the British army in Indis.This required appropriatisns largely in excess of the previous years.He sent the request for their approval to the | Indian council, over which Lord Cur- zon, not the least of autocfats himself.presided.Lord Curzn& refused to pass them.Lord Kitchener's tone changed.Before he had asked, gow he demanded.Lord Curzon refu with a curtness that showed he believed his will equal to the stern and immobile Kitchener.He was wrong.Lord Kitchener stood upon the broad authority of his commission.which was to reorganize the army in India, and he demanded that the home government support him.Lord Curzon stood upon his constitutional rights as the civil power to control and overrule the military.Lord Midleton, the lifelong friend of Lord Curzon, his fag at Eton, to whom the appes]! was made as secretary ef state for India, decided against Curzon and with Kitchener.Lord Curzon resigned and returned to England.HIS POWER OF SILENCE.For some years he held the post In Egypt made famous by Lerd Cromer, and his system of land reform and his encouragement of cotton growing on the Nile showed him to be as great an administrator as he was a soldier.Although in his 66th year, Lord Kitchener had the vigor of a men ten years younger.t He was straight as a dart, stood elx feet two inches, his black hair only slightly tinged with gray.His penetrating gray eyes and stern, cold expression were the terror of army loafers, who either \u201cget on or get out.\u201d Lord Kitchener was a bachelor.8o- ciety he detested.For women he had no time.He dedicated himself to his work and did not hellevesin the domestic joys for the soldier.All his officers when he commanded the army in Egypt had to he bachelors.He did not want to have men around him Shing for bome and wife and cpil- dren.Those things were not for a dol- Gleor In Kitchener's understanding of e.! THE MAN OF IRONe te od rase juen e Melt man of ires.\u201d ork pet talk, was his motto.\u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014 a A new and ofiestive antiuraft maching, one où 400 famous Funchsoventy-fves mouated ce an Le pivet em ve .= ® a great sigh of relief: now the errors ; Take the Boer wer, for instance.Kit- rhener went to South Africa in the black days.when we had suffered & suc: cession of defeats-Stromberg, Magers: fontein, Colenso- and our military su- remacy was in grave danger.And how he \u201cgentlemen\u201d nf the ranks.snd oth- ore, hated hia methods.Soon letters weve arriving in this country complaining of his arbitrary ways.Ho was \u201cmaking himself hated everywhere\u201d; \u201cimsuiting voluntary officers of noble birth daily\u201d; \u201cruining the arganization,\u201d and so on.Put never a word from Kitchener until he broke Ivs silence from the laconic des- patob, \u201cSend me more men.\u201d And with these he won through.His thoroughness wes proverbial; but he liked things done his own way.RASH IN HIS DARING.In the early days in Egypt Kiteheoor was daring almost to reshness.Heo thought nothing of disguising himsel! a3 an Arab and living among the sons of the desert far months at & time, in order ta acquete & knowledge of the Mehdis maovements and conspiracies And ao clever was he at disguising him- ani that even his own comrades did not know him.Indeed, one day s soMier flung a brickbat at Kitchener, whom be mistook for \u201ca blromin' nigger,\u201d inflicting 8 nasty sealp wound.Kitchener's cleverness in disguising himesif, coupled with a knowledge of Arabie, which he had picked up in his wanderiogs in Syria.made him inves.able to the authorities.He waa sppoint- ed chief of the secret service, and the follwing inedent, the truth of which is vouched for by one of lard Kitchener's relatives, strikingiv ilhestrates his persons) courage and cleverness.Twa Arab apies had been caught.but they feigned deafness, snd Kitchencr could get nothing from them.They were detained in a tent.In half an hour another spy was caught and bundled into the tent with the other twn.They were left for an hour, talking briskly all the time, then the door was thrown on; and the third py asked to be taken to headquarters.Ît was Kitohener himself who had, of onurse, found out all he wanted to know.CARRIED LIFE IN HIS HANDS.Curiously enough.Lord Kitchener was M fatelint, and on severs! nocasions has *xptessed some very strong convictions as to his future.During the Soudan cam- paimn he was once warned not to expose himeelfl so recklessly to the enemy while in action.To this remonstrance he replied: \u201cI shall never bs killed.When my time comes | shall die peacefully in my hed.\u201d FROM \u201cSILLY SUFFOLK.\u201d Irishmen like to claim Lord Kitchener as 3 countryman of theirs on the nd that he wes born in Gunsboro Villa, Co.Kerry, on June 24, 1850.But, although his father, Col.Henry Horatio Kitche- Ber, had migrated to Ireland from Lei.ceetershire two years before the hirth of his eon Herbert, the family is Fast Anglian, and in the little Suffolk village of Lakenheath thera are records of the Kitchener going back to 200 years ago, when Thomas Kitchener and his wife, Abigail, came thither from Hampehire in the reign of the third William.His mother\u2019s family, the Chevaliers of Aspall.in the same old eastern county, have possessed Aspall Hall for over two centuries, and it was in reqogmition of his mothèr\u2019s family home that Kit.Chener open in his title the name ol e little East Anzlian vill i that of Khartoum.* a vie Ireland tas given many great soldiers to the aempire\u2014notably Lord Ro- berta\u2014but \u201csilly\u201d Suffolk produced the stock from which sprang Earl Kitchener, HIS CHOICE OF TOOLS, ! t No man was ever so independent of bis entourage.His office stationery consisted of a bundle of telegraph forms in his helmet and a pencil in h ot.Tt was said of him that his chief of staff in South Africa had nothing to do but smoke his pipe; and that f an earthquake had swallowed up the whale of his staff he probably would not have noticed it.: Yet none knew better than he how Much of trs muccess was due to his wise choice of the tools.he used.and in their choice he wes adamant to all suggestions from without.Upon this implacable son of the deserts the jobbery end backstair influence of civilized communities never made a moment's im .The most splendid monument to Kitchener's exceptional greatness, hoth as a statesman and soldier, were his labore for the peoples of Egypt aad the Sou- n.Spoken of reverently as \u201cEi Lord\u201d or \u201cKooch-Nohr,\u201d he was regarded by the masses of the people almost as à eemi- divinity, such as were Seti and Rame- oes by the Egyptians of old.For the reces of the Roudan he was a far great.or one than the old Mahdi.The immense driving power of his strength of character and: tireless industry forced a succeesion of far-reach- THICK OF THE GREAT SEA FIGHT Her Concentrated Fire Destroyed New Battle Cruiser, Believed to be the Hindenburg.London, June 6.\u2014The \u201cDaily Ohoni- el\u201d publishes from the Glasgow \u201cHor.add\" the following reahistie ion of the various phases of the of Jutland : The first phase: 3.43 pm.May 31- Admira) Beatty's battle cruisers.oon- sisting of the \u201clion,\u201d \u201cPrincess Royel\u201d \u201cQuesn Mary,\u201d \u201cTiger,\u201d \u201cInflexible.\u2019, \u201cIndomitable,\u201d \u201cInvincible,\u201d \u201cIndefatigable\u201d and \u201cNew Zealand.\u201d were on à anuth-rasterky rourse, followed at about two miles distance by the \u201cQueen Flims- beth.\u201d Pour enemy light cruisers were sighted end shortly afterwards the head of the German battle-cruiser squadron, which consisted of the new cruiser \u201cHindenburg,\u201d \u2018Sedylits,* \u201cDerfflinger.\u201d \u201cLatsow.\u201d \u201cMoitke\u201d* and possibly th \u201cRalsenis.\u201d Admiral Beatty at once began firing at a range of about 20000 yarde, which shortened to 16,000 aa the fleats closed.The Germans could ses the British distinctly outlined agminst the light yellow sky.The (cermans were covered by & haze, and could be but very indistinctly made out by our gunners.The \u201cQueen Elizs- beth\u201d opened fire.One after another, as they seme within range, the German battla\u2014rruisers turned to port and drew Away to shout 20.00 yards.The send stage 440 p.ro\u2014A destroyer screen then appeared beyond - the German battle-criisers.The whole German High Rea Fleet onskd be sen approamhing on the north-eastern horion, in three divisions, coming to the support of their battle-oruisers.The German battle-cruisers now turned right round 18 points and tank station in front of the battleships of the High Sen Fleet.Admiral Beatty, with battie-craisers and supporting battleships.therefore had before him the whole .of the German battle fleet, and Admiral Jellicoe still some distance away.The opposing flerts were now moving parallel to ane another im opposing directions, and but for master manomivring on the part of Admiral Beatty the ish advance ships would have been out off from Admiral Jelkowoe's Grand Fleet.TRIED TO CUT OFF GERMANS.In order to avoid this and at the same time prepare the way in order that Admiral Jellicoe might envelope his adversary.Admiral Beatty immediately also turned right round 16 points, so sé to bring bis ships parallel to the German dattie-cruisers end facing in the seme direction.As soon as he was round, he incremsed to full speed to gat shead of the Germans, and take up a tactical position quite in advance of their line.He was able to do this owing to the superior speed of our bat- tle-cruisers.Just before the turning point was reached the \u201cIndefatigable\u2019 sank, probably from striking a mine, and the \u201cQueen Mary\u201d and \u201cInvincible\u201d were ale Jost at the turning point, where, of course, the High Sea fleet concentrated their fire.A little earlier, an the German bettle-crueers were turning, the \u201cQueen Elizabeth\" had in similar manner concentrated her fire on the turning point, and destroyed a new German battle-cruiser, believed to be the \u201cHindenburg.\u201d Admiral Beatty had now got round and headed away with the loss of three ships, racing parallel to the German hattle-cruisers.The \u201cQueen Elisabeth\u201d followed behind, engaging the main high sea fleet.The third phase.3 p.m.\u2014The \u201cQueen Elizabeth\u201d now turned short to port, 16 pointe in order to follow Admiral Beatty.The \u201cWarspite\u201d jammed her steering gear and failed to get round.and drew the fire of six of the enemy.who closed in upon her.| am not eur.thet the Germans claim her as à since on paper she ought to have been lost, but, as a matter of fact, though repeatedly atraddied hy ehell fire, with water hoiting up ail round her, she wes not seriously hit, and was able to wink one of her npponents.Her captain recorded control of his vessel and brought her round and followed her conenrts.In the meantime the \u201cBar.ham.\u201d \u201cValiant,\u201d snd \u201cMalaya\u201d turned short, 90 as to avold the danger spot, where the \u201cQueen Many\u201d and \u201cInvincible\u201d had been lost, and for am hour, umil Admiral Jelline arrived.fought a delaying action against the High Sca ing reforme through hitherto inmper.able obstacles.conquering the desert: and bringing well-being and happiness to vast and incressing populations.HAMPSHIRE AFIRE BEFORE SHE SANK Aberdeen, Fontiand, June 10\u2014 The British cruiser \u201cHampshire\u201d wes seen to be afire before she sank off the Orkney llands, while cerryi Zari Kitchener, the Rritish War Minister, to Russia, sorording to statements of men on trawlers end steamers arriving here from the Orkne¥s.The disastar occurred on Monday night, ohly an hour sfter Karl Kitchener and members of his otaff had embarked on the cruiser at the extreme north of Scotland.One trawler reported that the warship eppeared to have blown wp, al ne sound of an e wae hour eprobehir on account of tbe ter.storm t waa raging.Twenty minutes after she was seen in distress and on fire, the \u201cHampahire\u201d sank, between Marwick Head and of Rireay, off the western coast of ¢he mainland of the Orkneys.board,\u201d Poe then fell aoirep.cighty were found alme the clifts, many of them etill warm.In their battle with the ses, the clothing of some of the men had been torn from thelr bodies, and their hands and fout had been mutilated in desper- me efforts to olimb she cliffs.4 .about 5.15, and all four ships so sue cesfuily manceuvred in order to upoct the corrections of their Poon ents that no hits of & seriously .ling character were suffered.They had apered superior to their oppobents by fully four knots, znd wars able to draw a from the part ng lime of termes battleships, which almost filled up the horizon.| .At this time the \u201cQueen Elisabeth was steadily firing at the flashes of the German guns at a range which varied between 12,000 and 15.000 yards, especially against those ships which were pearest them.The Germans were enveloped in mist and only sfoke and flashes were visible By 5.45 half of the High Seas Fleet had been left out of range and the \u201cQueen Elizabeth\u201d was steaming fast to join hands with Admiral Jellicoe.\u201cDERFFLINGER\u201d WAS SUNK.1 t w return to Admiral must no ad Beatty's battle cruisers.succeeding in outflanking the German battle cruisers, which were therefore obliged to turn at full right an- Je to starbosrd to avoid being headed.eavy fightiog wes renewed between the opposing ttle cruiser squadrons, during which the \u201cDerfflinger\u201d was sunk, but towards eix o'clock the German fire slsckened Tory Considerably, ebowing that Admiral tty\u2019s battle cruisers and the \u201cQueen Elizabeth\u201d had inflicted serious damage on their im mediate opponents.« The fourth phase, 608 pm.\u2014 The Grand Fleet was now in sight coming up fast in three directions.\u201cQueen Elizabeth\u201d and consorts siter- ed their course four points to star board, and drew in towards the enemy to alaw Admiral Jellicoe to deploy into line.The Grand Fleet was per- fictly manceuvred, and the very difficult operation of deploying between the battle cruisers and the \u201cQueen Fliza- Leth\u201d was perfectly tmed.Admiral Jellicoe came up and fell in behind Admiral Beatty's cruisers, and, followed by the damaged.but still serviceable \u201cQueen Elisabeth steamed right across the head of the German fleet.The first of the ships to come into action were the \u201cRevenge\u201d and the \u201cRoyn] Oak.\u201d with their 15 inch guns, and the \u201cAgincourt,\u201d which fired from her seven turrete with the speed almost of a Maxim gun.The whale British fleet lad now become concentrated.They kad been perfectly manoeuvred so as to \u201ccross the T\" of the High Sens Fleet, ond, indeed, omly decent light was necessary to complete their work of destroying tha Germans in detail.The light did improve for a few minutes, snd the conditions were favorable to the British fleet, which was now in line approximately north and south aeroës tie head of the Germans.the few minutes of good light Admiral Jel- licoe smashed up the first three of the German ships, but the mist eame down and the visibility suddenly failed, and the defeated High Seas Fleet was atle to draw off in ragged divisions WEATHER SPOILED BIG VICTORY.' The fifth phase\u2014Night\u2014The Germans wera followed by the British, who still held them enveloped between Admiral Jellicoe on the west and Admiral Beat- ty on the north, and Evan Thomas, with hin three \u201cQueen Flizabeths\u201d om the south, The \u201cWarapite™ had heen sent back to her hase.During the night «ur torpedo boat destroyers heavily attacked the German shipe, and.though they lost seriously themselves, rucceeded in sinking two of the enemy.Co-ordination of the units of the fliet was practically impossible to keep up, and the Germans ciseovered by the electric rays of their searchlights the three \u201cQueen Flizabeths' not more than 4.000 yards away.lnfortunave- 1y.they were then able (0 escape he- treen the battlenhipg and Acniral Jel- lene, since we were not able to fire as our awn destroyers were in the way.So etided the Jutland battle, which was fought as had heen planned and was very nearly a great success.It was spoiled hy unfavoiahle weather conditions, especially at the critical moe ment, when the whole British flesf concentrated and engaged in crushing the head of the (ierman line.1t was an action on our part of hig 3.except, of course, for the destroyers \u2018work, since at a very early stage our hig guns ceased tg feel any anxiety from the German dertroyers.The eGrman small craft were rounded up hy their British op- penents, and snon cessed to count as an organised body.FORD 1916 PRODUCTION 14,000 Cars To Be Made at Canadian Factory New York.June 7.\u2014The Ford Motor Company thie month se thirteen years old.It was organised June 16, 1008, with a stock of $100,000, and has financed Ma growth entirely from .In thés period an sggregete of 1,306,802 Pord cars have been turned out.The Detroit factory now has 30,600 loyees, the compan .factory in 1908, started with 391 employees.and (n the first vear mode 1708 care.In the vear ended July 31, 1918, the Ford Motor Company made 208,213 ears ot Detroit, 18.774 the Pord Company of Canada, snd 14.- 200 the Company of Man- cheater, , an aggregate of 340, 987 cars.For the year ended July 31 next, produetion will exceed 350,000 anes, aver 500.000 of which will be turned ouf > parent company.including po factories.and 9.000 THE MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS, JUNE 13, 1916 > \u2014\u2014 \u2014\u2014 Y.M.C.A.Messrs.John Dougail & Son, Montreal : FUND June 9, 1916, \u2018 w 0 Dear Sirs,\u20140On behalf of the Canadian Y, M.C.A.military Service Fund | have very much pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your cheque for Fifteen Hundred Dollars ($1,500.00) for the erection of a hut at the front for our Canadian soldier boys.This fine expression of interest on the part o profoundly appreciated by our Committee, We sha \u201c Witness \"' hut, Yours very truly, f your readers is most acceptable, and Is at once communicate their generous gift to our representative overseas, so that it can be put to immediate use.Any further sums contributed through you will be thankfully used in maintaining the JOHN W.ROSS.A brass plate inscribed \u201cThis hut has been comtributed dy the readers of the Montreal \u2018Witness,\u2019 will be attached to the hut so kindly subscribed for by our readers.Mrs, À.A.Allan .Miss A.Landsboro .Mrs.J.H.Jordan .À Friend, from the Garden the Gulf .».1 Y.M.C.A.FUND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.Previously acknowledged.$1,207 52 J.Campbell.seen 16,00 David H.Herman .100 WE.Trail .2.00 Arran Patriotic Society 23 00 The Duff Stores .1.00 Hemmingiord.0 10.00 B.McDirmid + ev ee es an A Friend.Waterios .2.00 L.B.Ferguson 112120 TO Mr.F.A.Johnetou .1.00 C.H.Tate.1.B.Nicholson.2.2% W.Godard 201 10) R.K.Merrill 1.00 : A Friend .100, 8.Cain .8 on B.Dell 4.00 Mrs.Ashmore .1.00 R.Wileon LL LL .4 1.00 Mrs.D.Robertson .2.00 McDougall Bros .12 seo M.Ironside ., .1.00 | =; 1.00 tm 3m 2.00 2,00 2.00 2.0 1.00 2m 1 sn 1.00 School 1.00 .aon wW.scott 10.00 J.H.Page 2.00 À.FE.Johnston 1.00 A FW.Perth 2m 8.Good Ce sn Mr M.McDonald .\u2026 2 Grace M.Strange .\u2026.\u2026.on Mrs.1.C.Matheson .on Lillian - Cae 00 E.A Letts on mm nn 50 00 \u2014 .JI.Rutherford .I AReader .Belmere Presbyterian 88.6G.K.Harrie .0.E.G.(hddings .M.|.Harrison .| WM Moodie ge TEE 838% 2 | Mr.J.BR.Millard .\u2026.LL W.H.Slackiod .| Mrs, C.W.Shoup.Le ALC \u2026- \"4.Chve Cee ad es es 4.W, Aitken LL LLL iB.Gordon .+.22 +4 6 H.Kidd .Ethel Gi.Hannah .M.Stewart .Agnes Thompson .G.Murray .J.Mack.Mrs.H.Turner .RB.MeConachie .E.Sutherland .Mrs.J.C.Brown .\u2026 Rev.C.J, Curtis .ou 2 ee - - A Friend, Perth .A Friend, Branchton.G.FE.Robertson A.Crosa .G.W.Temison .\u2026- : Mather's Corners Sewing Circle NDA Wigg .ees W.McPhereon .Mrs.J.McOuat .|, Garden ee ee es sees Mrs.C.B.Barker .Mes.G.B.True .«0 00 From Friends .Mra J.À Smith.W.IL Rent .2.22 00 eu Mrs.W.Male \u201cee Miss B.Anderson.F.M.Hicks .\u2026.eee ae Mr.and Mra.1 Leask .\u2026.A.H.Coronation reas A Friend, Toronto .Sympathizer .mt Oe 10 0 10 10D 0 me 0510 19 2200 13 10 OF O7 14 04 Ca Ga 10 00 80 1D 13 0m 1m 0m 80 NU Lt ue me emt 0 om ut ome B05 10 0 de OP et Ze¥33333252338358334¥3522222823288825232525252 - 3 FE.A Mo.2.va 40 00 0000 8.00 J.Jenner 122 0040 es + 10.00 Goldwing Russell .- 00 0022 «30 Miss M.H.Johnston .EL Gladstone Real Uross Auxilary 23.00 Mre.A.Dow (se eee 1.00 James Kerr .- .1.00 Willing Workers.Palmerstone 1.50 South Horton Women's Ineti- tute .21 ++ a0.\u2026 14,0 A.Farquharson .\u2026 9.00 A.Whiting .«+ 10 0000 5.00 À.Griselow .2.44 24 02 ee 1.00 Mre.R.MekKell .5.00 Red Cross Society, London- derry .10.00 D.Smith .Vee ev eens 1.00 JH Glenross .0 85 2e cone 1.00 R.Ford .1.00 E Hemeon .2000 1.00 A Saskatchewan Friend .1.00 Robt.T.W.and M.C.Jardine 5.00 Wapelle, Nask.1.90 A.& Anderson 1.0q Dr.and Mrs.Archer 5.0 M.McLennan .2.C.Roy .ee as 2.00 Mrs.P.R.Foster .1.00 L.M.Webster .pA T.Bray .22 22 2000 2.92 Mary E.Kemp .+ 1,00 H.Campbell \u2026.Ce 4.00 Mra.F.Mulholland .50 Lefroy .; 1.00 Mrs.E.Parnell .2.20 ue W.4 Eractor ._ A Canadian.Silverton.Cayley, Alta.District .Fffie Paul .Queenie .Mra C1.21 220 A.and K.Affleck.Hayter Union N.S, E.James .JA Dale .J.M.Black ., &.Coniber .LL.LL E.R.Taylor.G.Moth .R.H.Tate .W.Baker .! .A.Paul C.Linton .\u2026 A & E.Ford.\u2026.\u2026 we Ror 833332822323#2528332.Hum 1D HD \u2014 = Total.RLTRU 44 ASKED IF DANGEROUS YPR ES SALIENT COULD BE ABANDONED Camadian Authorities Sounded British General Staff With View To Saving Sacrifices Ottawa, June 9.\u2014In view of the heavy losses sustained during the past two weeke hy the Canadian forces in deferd- mg the position known ss the Ypres salient.inquiry has heen made hy the Canadian authorities of the British (isn.ers] Staff.The information obtained in geply in that the postition is an im- tant one and hat, notwithstanding Be serious losses incurred.it is thought meceseary tn defend it.The German lonsen in the vario æ attacks, according to the information com- swunicated, have been greater than those of the Canadians, and at other points on the British line where the Germans have attasked the Inssen on hath sides have Seen no less serious Ne additional details of the fighting Rave been received by the Militia Department.but sn eye-witness account is expected to reach Ottawa from 8ir Max Aitken in a few days.The lesses ac.to the latest official statement, ve Been oer 6,000 of all ranke URGED ABANDONMENT.The tava \u201cJournal\u201d today published enlient The last time 1 saw Kitchener,\u201d anid the Minister of Militia, \u201c1 strongly urged that the Ypres salient be shandon- ed.1 pointed out that it was heing held mare out of sentimentu] that military consideration.1 told him how lnsses among Rritish troaps holding this blandy angle had heen 10 per cent.\u201cKitchener war deeply affected by what T anid.There were tears in his eves a8 he npoke of British loses in this sector: and he was altogether eym- pathetic with my view.He told me to give him my proposition in writing, and that he would communicate to General Sir Dougles Haig.the British commander.im-chief.Next day, however.I received « cable informing me of the charges made agsinet me in Parliament.There was nothing left for me to do but te come home and face my accusers; the question of holding the Ypres salient remained in abevance, sad our boys were left to hold & position that was almost untemable.Had | remained in England I believe I would have succeeded in convimeing Kitchener to abandon the salient, snd the bloody battles of the past few days, with the follow interview with Benerals their losses of our best and vest.physical action, (2) mental operation, Si Sem fi in regard to the Ypres would bave been aveided.\u201d periment and conclusions made from ft in the following terms: \u2014 , hn sucetiont index of a mans -capa- hey wor the weight he can 2e 000000 00000000 Paie Per an ere SCOUTACT NEO NOÉ continue to ft with the isdex finger.$ DRUNKENNESS.3 Business.and they read the many arti.bo aur eclentints Jequisitioned the er.+ \u2014\u2014 @ cles on temperance and kindred topics, YosTaph, .celebrated ratory device + What Is It 2\u2014De So-Called Me- # to which magazines seeking popularity Ve ol : aslo ie mu to @ dorate Driskers Got Drusk?© are now eager to give space.Pt tw pertinent nce.a mend.+ What Alcohol Always ®| One of these articles, entitled \u201cWhen [ulating this testing machine the fin.+.Docs.+|i0 a Man Drunk?written by Dr.E4.| SCT dre clinched around à wocden ° | win F.Bowers, had a prominest place PS: ey ¢ ndex gor.and the + + + + à + + \u20ac à à \u20ac \u20ac + + 4 à IN the \u201cAmerlean Magazine\u201d Tt dealt 47H Fa cha by being clamped with some of the important acientifie ** \" re of A c re A weight off The temperante cause*la popular now.investigations that have been meds SINS me (a allogram squale The man who shetaing tavariably Comes orne the effects of moderate doses To Coat parece ov over a x hoyle ested with respect even nk.of al 3 e tor acest ors with whom be moclates, even statement by the remark ns fal and lowered by this index fin- mesgt some old fogies otill think it mers to indulge in the childish chaff: thor that was ight witty in hygone Te old fogies are fewer year Tre Recent lave mades mon seriously Posgts I drusk.ed tat drunk ia the \u201cThis is mo temperance lecture.It Is nothing but, an interesting business document for the moderate drinker, the gentleman drinker.It proves that, you don't have to drink a lot and make a tool of yourself tn order to become One drink will {make you etentifie sente you wili see if you read this article.\u201d The writer of the article starts out with a very definite statement, after which lie proceeds to tell how definiteness in regard to the question he dia- cusses in arrived at.He eay \u201cOne of the first things the scientists found out when they commenced to measure drunkenness and its effects was that every man who drank alcohol was drunk \u2014 in degree- for two or three days afterward.Now, it is altogether too much te expect a man who has taken only one ot two familiar drinks to realize that he is drunk\u2014tn a definite, measurable and analyzahle extent.Put those lit.th clocks, intricate wheels, an s-rene mechanical devices of the laboratory will know it.There {a mo guessw.rk; you can\u2019t hypnotize a writing balance, ychologite am e gogranh, «cr bam- zle a menmry test.The uniformity in their results ruthless and final\u201d This learned physician,.who etfect- ively understande his subject, and 1s qualifed to describe the work shat other scientists have done, s to dial with experiments that have shown the effeèt of alcohol upon (1) phyleal action, (2) mental operation, @ co-ordination of thought and se.ion.- A PHYSICAL TEST.Tokiag up the tion of the effect ot: akol ib Indulgence \u201cupon mere ger, until the œubjeete desist from exhaustion.The scientists who Jobe into the were of Ki Alcohol had their sub- repeat this process twelve times, with intervening rests of b minute.Bach pull was automatically are forced to an à strip of paper, registered by a , \u2018 / » WORLDS GREATEST BUFFALO HERD 7s Now in (dnada, ss \u2018 LEP 0 Sr on \u2018 ; aps A a.ga ab VANŸRIGNT PARK That the Canndlan Government fa meeting with signal success In its efforts to preserve the buffalo from the swift extinct'on which threatened it à few years ago.In demonstrated just received by Mr.H.® Charlton General Advertising Agent of the Grand Trunk System.from Me.J.B Harkin, Dominion Parks Commissioner.report shows that in April, 1909, the herd numbered 402.Since then it has graduslly increased at the rate of about 200 annum, until today it numbers 2,077.During the period from 1509 to 1913, 338 head were imported at different times from other herda the mair increase accruing from breeding.The small loss of 71 from various caures since 1909 14 high testimony *o the suitability of the perk as a breeding ground, and the care taken f the herd.empecially durieg the winter.when fond is difficult for the animals to find and #t becomes necessary to feed them.The history of this Wainwright Park herd of buffalo.now the larxest in the world.dates back to 1372.when one of the Pend d'Urellle Indians captured four iittie bison calves\u2014two bulls and t heifers\u2014by cutting them out of a stampeded herd on tte Flathead reservation in the Stats of Konters.In accordance with a pe- cullar characteristic.often noticed by old rlainsmen.thess young creatures obediently followed the Gorses cf the hunters who had «ein er driven ny their mothers The Indian in guea.tion gave them to the Mission of St.igraliur wher.they were kept as pets and became as fomesticated &s crdin- ary cattle When thd helfers were four years old.each had a calf.From that time on .hey gradually increased in number.until in 1884.there were thicteen howd, and the Indian owner, finding care of them too grent a tax on his scant resources, decided to sell them.Ten bead were purchased \u2018A a report an the erowth of the herd et Wainwright Buffalo Park, Alberta.| for $250 aptece by C.A.Allard and Michel Pablo, who were ranching on the veservation.and were chrewd enough to ses that specimens cf what was even then eupposcé to bs prac tically an extinct animal would eventually become very valuable.The buffalo herd increased under their careful supervision, and in n few years it became possible to sell specimers at very high prices.Some idea of the average rate of incressa may be deduces! (rom the obaerved fact that half the cows give birth to calves every year.while twin rossing nf the buffalo with the domestic cattle, the abject being to produce a strain of beef-proqueing animals particularly suitable to the more northern and rugged regions of Canada.The anatomy of the buffalo {s favorable to the carrying of heavy carcasees of best.They possess an additional pair of ribs.as well as much longer spines.Although these extra ribs are not always perpetuated In the cattalo, the length of back persista.Along these spines very heavy muscles are earried, Snabling, the animals to carry an exceedingly hig Percantame of beet on the back, which the most valuable part of the carcase.line.The sum of the langths of all the tines was tramsiated into \u201cmeter kibhgrams,\u201d which meent the work ar.complished hy the index finzer, in mis ing one kilogram one meter (39.37 inches) against the pull of gravity.hese experiments were made ten times daily.and the total average far each man calculated for a number of days, under conditions 6: absolute ahetention from drink.Then the men were given a glass\u201c of Bordeaux wine, or its aleoholic equivalent \u2014 about one-third ounce of alcohol freely diluted with water \u2014 after each meal, and the experiments repeated.The consequences were a diminution in the ability to withstand the fatigue of weight, lifting amounting to seven and six-tenths to eight percent.These experiments were duplicated hundreds of times by scientists in various parts of Europe.In every instance a definite, measurable loss im muscular efficiency was shown.UNDER DELUSION.Tt wouhl hardly be quite correct to describe the results of the experiments made as the \u201cexperience\u201d nf the persons upon whom they were made, use sa a rule the man who suffers the lad.sening of ability has also lost ability to recognize and appreciate his loss, and thinks he is doing better when he is really not doing so well.A pam.graph in this interesting doenment which brings this out clearly is as fol- Towa: ° These studies in exact science.made under the etricteat comtitions.indicate slwhot d anseathetires narcotizes, and thet its first of.fects on the nerves are to diminish ncarteness and pervert activity.Sending the blood te the head, where it mirgen throagh | the beatin with increased veloBity! is wot increasing vigor but increased irritation.whith comes just before anerethesia and diminution of The drinker deludes himaelf, for he only thinke he le thinking.His very first drink hes produced a definite, measurable degree of indoxication, v LESRENED MENTALITY.The lessening of meatal perception and nth ot as it does from course much the brain-ewskening, te of muscular same 38 the lessen! strength, which ot comes from brain and nerve stiemul The re ments of Kraepelia concerning lity to solve arithmetical probleme and to do arithmetical work were very oon- elusive.The same was true in what were called \u201cm teste.\u201d in which ®t was clearly shown the taking of small quantities of elrohol lewsened ability to \u201clearn by rt\u201d numbers, Hines of portry and the like.Dr.Bow.ere does not confine himeelf to the records of one experimenter only.He ays: The heginnings of memory crumbling have been demonstrated experimentsliy by Dr.BR.Vogt, of the University of Chrietianis.During seven months al.ternatine experiments \u2018In memorizing twentydive lines of Homer were made with Le without alevhoi.The time required for repetition without mistake averaged eighteen percent longer during the alcohol periode than during the sbetinent da * ve.The amount of slrohoi given onrres- ponded to that in olightly more than % half-pint of four percent beer.When the system had acouetomed ibaelf tu alçobol\u2014in other wos, when the eb.normal condition the condition somal for the ub); took between five and seven percent more time lo perform these memary teste.In these trials the alcohol was taken, after breakfast, and when the drink was taken before breakfast\u2014 on an empty stomach\u201d- the lengthening of the required memory period went up to sixty-nine percent.Which seems to be a pretty strong argument for not beg:aning the day with a drisk One of the most remarkable features | connected with these studies wee developed when thirty-eight of these daily memorizationa were repeated after une hundred and seven and one hundred and eight days.This repetition drought out the startling fact that the time required to recall the memorized lines was uniformly and invarisbly greater in the caée of those stanzas learned on alro.hol days! In other words, not only dora it teke à longer time to fix im- reasions when aiohol is used, but the mpression iteelf, made while the system is entertaining a gentlemanly drink, is not so permanent.Very interesting is the story of the en-ordination tests, intended to show the slowness or rapidity of physical re: sponse to mental demand.Just as one would expect.the impaired \"tive ebility and lowered physical vigor, showed that when a man who of light, the time between tue flash and the stroke was very much lengthened after the taking of alooholic beverages.Similar experiments were then tried on typesetters.These were required to set type from uniformly printed prs.the total number of \u201cems\u201d a ds ing computad for a week.Then, wit daily gentlemanly drinks, the kind that willions of moderate drinkers take every day, the typesetters, in one week, Jost an average of nine and eix-tenthe percent in efficiency.And these particular typesetters are representatives of the average typeectter, printer, typewriter.and linotype operator all over the world.\u2019 SOME STERN FACTS.The citizen who has sometimes thought that railway companies have been too strict with their e concerning drinking practices, will receive much enlightenment from the results of another class of expbriments.The same experiments are weighted with instruction end warning to any man who desires et any time and all times te be et his best.They are sot out jn the followi 8: \u2014 Dr.Timed in turn each member of a group of men a little distance from & soreen, from bebind which & cobbred flag wae suddesly raised.The raising of fey varied & split.see.oud stop watch.They were directed to press à button, which stopped the wateh, and so recorded the length of time needed to perceive the flag, decide its color, and ees the proper buitos to designate hat color.Each man's average under abstinent conditions was thus estimated.He was then Siren a glses of wine of approximately the alcoboiie content of one-half pint of bear.After a short interval, to permit the absorption of the alechol, the experiments were repeated.The results showed that in every case the men tested wore from six to thirteen percent slower in re syondng.Also, errors in determining the proper color of the flags were ma.\u2018terially increased.Also, tests ere made 1e rhieh Sub, ects were tequi to dee of Ine motions to make at « given oig- wsl, as an engineer, when à red light | thes out the track Wefore a decided fa the tracthem of B ves aul do ond the action which will guide his train and passengers to safety.If a green *flug ehowed, the subject was to press an electric button at his right; if & red flag, the button at the left.For a short time after taking the small amount of alcohol contained in a bottle of claret, be pressed the button more quickly, but he was much more likely to press the wrong one.Increasing the amount of alcohol slowed up the time of response, and markedly inereased the number of er- rore.This shows the peril a drinking man may bring to amy business requiring rapid giving.receiving and answering of signals; for alcohol slows the cor tect reading.of signals, and invariably increases the lishility to make mis tekes.It is for this reasom that so many railxays demand alroholc ab- sinence from all men wno operate their traine.NEW ZEALAND'S DELEGATES AT WINNIPEG En Route to London on Invitation of British Parlia- \u2018mentary Association Winnipeg, June 9.\u2014The New Zealand riiamentary delegation, on its way to om at invitation of the British Parliamentary Association to take part in the Empire conference, arrived in the city tonight and will epend à day here, before proceeding down the great lake to Toronto and Ottawa.The BY was accompanied by Lieut-Col.J.Chambers, chief press censor for Canada.as representing the Cenadian Government, and Col.George Ham as repretion senting the Canadian Pacific Railway, which had put & special car at its servies.They were mat at the Btation by Hon.Robert Rogers, on behalf of the Dominion Government, Premier Norris, Chief Justice Mather, Count De Bury, Mayor Waugh, Vice-President Grant Hal of the C.P.A, and others.Tomorrow morning they will meet the Pro- vineial Cabinet and will be entertained on behalf of the city.The party spent today at Camp Hughes.The delegation consiets of four members elected by the two houses of the Nw Zealand Parliament, Hon.W.F.Carncross, M.L.C., representing the U) t House, being deem of the party.He as served twenty-four yesrs in Par.lament and is chsirmas of committees in the Legislative Council.The Lower House is Jepresented by Hon.Sir James Carroll, KCM.G., M.P., for twenty-two years à number of the House of Repre- tatives, à former member of the Lt.don and Ward cabinets, and actiag premier during the absence of Kir h Ward in Eng.in 1911.by Hon X.P.Lee M.P s prominent barrister, and sitting for the south island, who is influential on the Government side of the House, and is member of the present national de- fenee committee; and by Hon.C.H.Parr, CMG, MP, ons of the Yeading men in the Dominion snd civic a educational affair, having served for five rs a0 mayor of Aukiand, New land's t city, and recelving the CMG, in 104, in ition of his work along line of ei betterment.He is th youngest member of the party, and is member of the committees of education.Accompanying the pry te P.M.Glynn, an Australian MP.fie James Carroll, who represents the Maoris in the delegation and is ud of his partial Maort descent-epoire of the sid Now Zealand re in the Nour of ore enltetel, of » vos Bu BIRTHS, MARRIAGES AND DEATHS Notice of births, marriages and deaths must invariably be endorsed with the name and address of the sender, of otherwise ne notice can be taken of them.Birth notices are inserted foe be; marriage potices for b00; Seath notices for 20e, prepaid.The ame bouncement of funeral appended te death notice, 250 extra; other extension Yo obituary, such as short of life, two cents par word extra, except poetry, which is 80 cents per ise extra, prepaid.Annual subscribers may bave annouf- cements of birth, marriages asd deaths (without extended obitusry OF veress), occurring in their immediate families, free of a which case name and address eads seribers should be gives.MARRIAGES.Te KENZIE \u2014 BEITIE \u2014 At Mee Ont.on Monday, June 8, 1016, Captain Kenneth G.MeKensls, RA» ag of Dr.and Mrs.A.P.Me fo hn on Tt Evel te, daug| of 3 Mrs Frederick Beitte, Tilsouburg,' Ont.WELLS \u2014 DOUGALL \u2014 At Bt.Ams drew's Presbyterian Church, Barrie, Ont, on Saturday, June 3, 1916, by the Rev.D.D.MoTurl, D.D., Flore Gladys.eldest daughter of Mr.and Mrs.John T.Dougall, to Mr.Gordon Albert Wells, of Toronto, son of De.and\u201d Mrs.5.M.Wells, Barrie.MONTIZAMRERT \u2014 WOOD \u2014 At the Central Prestyterisn Church, Hamilton, Ont., on Wednesday, June 7, 1916, by the Rev.§.Lyle, DD, assisted by the Rev.H.H.Bedgewick, B.A., Chas.Bell Montizambert, youngest som of the late Fdward Montimmbart, 2% formerly of Quebec, to Kvelya only dau fer of Mr, asd Mra Ww.A Wood, \u201cFimwood,\" Hamilton.RS ERSON \u2014 MANN \u2014 At Buffale, N.Y., on Thursday, June 8, 1916 the Rev.Dr.Frick, Mrs.Et Thomas Mann to Surgeon George Sterling Ryerson, of Toromte.DEATHS.ALDBRSON \u2014 At the \u201cClifton,\u201d 1338 King street west, Toronto, on Monday, June 5, 1018.kachel Hayden, beloved wifs of Wm.Alderson, ia her éSth year.CHAMBERLIN \u2014 Killed instantly in \u201can aeroplane accident at Netheravon, England, on Friday morning, June 2, 1918, Sub.Lieutenant ca Russell : Chamberlin.Royal Flyi rps, only son of James E.Chembenti, 86 Pless- ant boulevard, Toronto, Ont.McKENZIE \u2014 In Leamington.Ont.om Wednesday, May 31, 1916, the home of her son-in-law, Mr.George Ross, Elizabeth Fraser, widow of the late Hugh McKenzie, M.P.P., of Watford.CONNOR \u2014 On Thursday, May 25, 1916, at her late residence, 30 Second avenue, Ottawa, Anne McNaughton, in her 77th year.MEREDITH \u2014 On Wednesday, June 7; 1916, at his late residence, 472 Dover- eourt road, Toronto, Wm.E.Merw- dith.aged 66, of H.M.Customs, beloved husband of Marie Meredith.VERREY \u2014 Killed in action, \u201csomewhere iu France,\u201d Captain G.J Ves- sey, 60th Battalion, adopted son of Gecrge Raikes, Harrie, and late of Bank of Montreal dfaff, Montréal, sed 29.BOWARDS \u2014 At Brackearig, Muskoka, on Wellnesdny, May 17, 1918, Mary Foulkes, wife of Llewellyn Edwards, 60 vears and 8 months.\u2018 VARDON \u2014Killed in action, on Friday, May 12, 19i8, Evelyn F.Clande Var don.only son of the late Ur.Evelyn Vardon.and grandson of the late George Tarbutt Vardon.Esq., former.lv of Montreal.WANKLYN \u2014 Andrew Angus, Lieut, killed in action, on Monday, June 8, 1916, second and dearly beloved son of Frederick L.Wankiyn and Edith Margaret Angus, Montreal, aged 24 yéare and 7 months.( FISHING IN ALGONQUIN PARK.In the extensive reservation of 1,150,» 000 acres set aside by the Ontario Government as a playground for the people, and known as Algonquin Park, the fishe ing in the waters of ts 1,500 lakes \u2018snd rivers is good.Such gamey species as small mouthed black dues, speckied trout, salmon trout end Jake trout predominate.With the annual increases of anglers and tourists visiting thie oeu- tion the lakes in close contiguity to the hotels and log cabin camps are apt to became depleted, and to avoid any poe.sibility of tis the Ontario with the co-operation of the Grand Trunk Railway, are continually re-stocking these waters.They have ust forwarded from the Government tehery in Wiarton, 200,000 take trout fry, which reached the Park in good condition, and 60,000 of them were placed in Smoke Lake, on which is situs ated the log cabin known as \u201cNoe minigan Camp,\u201d and 140,000 placed in Cache Lake, directly ite the Highland Inn.The ARehing in the Mikes some miles from the hotel, and reached by ine numerable canoe Toutes, teem with the framiest of the finny tribe, and the nae tural propagation of these fish will keep these lakes well stocked indefinitely, Algonquin Park is probably the most de ightful région in on for à eme mer outing.It ia ast point Ontario, 2,000 feet shove on level.a thousand art at the front, in or with the Australians in Francs.these are the Maori eonti 2,000 strong, which gave such wou of itself, especially with the bayonet, on the Gallipoli Peninsula, Mr.Parr gave his views on the new compulsory measure.\u201cBesides \u2018She twenty-one thousand mem in .at home,\u201d he said.\u201cwe have to su quotas of two thousand five buad: è mosth to provide the necessary dre for the front.Sixty thousand out of population of one million is as big & percentage ne a pert of she Rapire, can show, though in Western Cansday, you must come very close to it.\u201cThe young men of New Zealand bave voluntesred splendidly, but thers are some who have held back.With these.we do not mince matters, and se week, hy a vote of eixty-five te there was passed the compulsory servies\u2019 bill, by which we shall gather into our net lor national servied every aigle man.We have come to realise the folly\u2019 of promiecuou Tecruiting which does distinguish ae te who Mt to go ; who to atay.The firmers have volume teerod freely, but many of these would have done better work in raising beef and butter and wool.Ours fs à country and unless we \u201c we cannot pay our war bills, and thus bring to hear every ounce of our weight in the Empire's cause., ve consider this system of national aervice with proper safeguards the only equitable cure agent i moon J Ei THE MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS, JUNE 13, 1916 ~8 80040000000 00000000000000000000 .A RECORD OF THE FIVE-DAY .FIGHT (Special to \u201cIrish Weekly Mail\") * Tha greatest rebellion in Irish history has come and gone.It lasted just five | daye; but these ware stirring days in | Dublin.Oss of the Arat things the robels did was to fut all cable and tele- groph wires.For this reason the tele | graphic reports of tho rising were more then usually brief snd disjointed, and they sometimes sssumed & knowledge of antécedent events and of Irish condi- \u2018tions that the average person outside * Ireland doesinot possess.(\u2018onsequently.it has not been very easy for people in Great Britain to obtain a coherent ac- eount of what happened.The object of this article, therefore, Is to give a plain statement of eventa as they eceurred, with the impressions left on the \u201cmind of one who was s witness of what bids fair to be known in history as the \u201cMad Rebellion.\u201d The words \u201cSinn Vein\u201d sre Gaelic, and mean \u201cWb ourselves.\u201d signilying that Ireland is for \u201cus (Irishmen) ourselves.\u201d In freland there have slways been disaffected persons who organised themselves into political societies, from the Whiteboys of the early 18th oomtury to the Femians of comparatively recent times.The Fenians were controlled by @ body called the Irish Republican Rro- therbood, sad ia their recent proclamation declaring Ireland a Republic, the Sinn Feiners refer to \u201cthe secret revolutionary organisation, the Irish Re blican Brotherhood.\u201d The Sinn Fein- ers are, therefore, the lineal descendants of the Fenians of 1867, and the political ideal of both waa Ireland a sovereign and independent Republic.When in the days immediately preceding the outbreak of war\u2014days that seem 50 far off now-the Ulster Volunteers were raised with the avowed pur- of maintaining by force the union there of Treland with Great Bri ually w up, as a coun ¢ 2 otre, à dy of Irish National Volunteers.But this body seen pi in two factions.One adopted frankly revolutionary principles, and called them- eelves the irish Volunteers: the other section, which had the support of Mr.Redmond snd the National Party, and which worked on constitutional lines, became the National Volunteers.But in addition to these volunteers, who had detachments in almost every important town is the country, there was also in Dublin what was called the Citizen Army.THE CITIZEN ARMY.In 1918, it may be remembered, there was a series of very stubborn strikes organized by Jim Larkin at Liberty Hall, the bends usrters of the Irish Transport Worker: sion, and after the settlement of these disputes the strikers were formed into Citizen Army.Since the repeal of th: irish Arms Act some years ago it has been a matter of no great dif.fleulty to arm these men: and it was from these two armed bodies, and thew ewe alone\u2014the Sion Fein Irish Volun- teurs and the Citizen Army-\u2014that the gerolutionary ranks were filled.or 6 the rebels also received very powerful amistance\u2014haw powerful we do not yet fully know\u2014from another source.The hand that wrooght the terrible destruction in Dublin was, doubtless, the hand of Irishmen: but the brain that organized the rebellion and the money tpal Ananced it was German.The rising has had as a result the resignation of the Lord Lieutenant (Lord Wimborne), the Chief Secretary (Mr.Birrell), and the Under-Secretary (Sir Mathew Nathan)\u2014a clean sweep of the highest officers of the State in ireland The policy of Mr.Birrell in particular, who pertiitted this rebel organisation to develop unchecked, has heen severely criticised in both Houses of Parlisment.Hin line of defence has been well put as follows: \u2014>1 cannot crush this movement without the use of force, and that, under present circumstances, will he represented asan arbitrary exercise of Executive power; and as Dublin Castle administration is not particularly popular in this country, this will attraet to sthe Sinn Feiners 8 body ow sympathy they could not otherwise obtain, and give to the movement a political importance it could never have, if it is allowed to ish, ss we hope it will, by its own inherent absurdity.Besides our easy tolerance of à movement in the Northern Provinces, of whieh thin is the | outcoms is still fresh in people minds.REHEARSED ATTACK ON CASTLE.Yet Mr.Birrell has admitted that the failed correctly to estimate the etrength of the Sinn Pein movement; and the ure of his failure may be gauged to some extent by the following facts., During the early part of the year the Sina Fein Volunteers frequently prae- tised street fighting in the city, and on one occasion they rebearsed an attack en Dublin Castle.These manoeuvres * took place.however, only at night\u2014ueu- lly in the early hours of Sunday.But soon they grew holder.On St.Patrick\u2019s Day (match 17th) Sinn Fein Volunteers, about 2,000 in number in open daylight held a field day im Dublin city.Ar witl, rifle and bayonets, snd any of them in full uniform, they went throught regular military manoeuvres.euding with'e march past thei; President.On this day the teams and traffic of the olty was practically held up by the Val.unteers for tve hours.ares days after thess happenings in Dublin things took & curious tum in country, The rioting in Tullamore in the Kings\u2019 County in éignificant because it shows how strong à current of feelfig flows inst the Ginn Feiners, even in the country districts of central Irelngdmand Now unfounded is the claim of Fe Sinn Pein fa \u2018ion that they represent the people of this céuntry.-At a football $1 Automatic Hair Cutter 50c.The Automatic fo & wonderful invention.Comb po.1o any comb in ve seconds.4 style vou wish and tbe Automatic wil it smoothly end evenly ot the tame Sime.If you can osmb your own air you can it in 8 minutes With the Autometie.Saves oot many times in à year.The Auiomatie alr Cutter te ni fin! In silver and gun metal.Will last @ lifetime.For \u20ac time only in order fo introduse this wonderful hy agents, we will send ond sequre the tie Gatety Hair Cuter complete with comb in cess ready Puan we for rane The of Twe Cu TODAY.Théo offer will net + * OF THE SINN FEINERS * +++.maetek in Tullamore the spectators openly attacked the Sion Feiners and wrested o fing from one of them.Next day when some soldiers\u2019 wives ware at the railway station seeing their husbands off, a body of Sinn Fein Volunteers met with a hostile reception.+ That evening the crowd surrqunded the Siun Fein hall, where the Volunteers bad met, smashed the windows ind stiemp- ted to storm the building.The Rinn Feiners open fire witn revolvers, and when the police came and began = search for firearms a regular riot sasued and several of the police were severely wounded.The next matter of interest ocvured in the Dublin Corporation on the 106b April .SECRET ORDER \u201cFAKE.\u201d On that dey Alderman Kelly read out an alleged secret onder of the perm authorities, stating amongat other things that all Kinn Pein officials were to be arrested; that militsry pickets were to be placed né certain points: that Liberty Hall was to be seized, and that ths Roman Catholie Archbishop's Palace and the Mansion Mouse were to be \u201cisolated.\u201d The same night the military autbori- ties stated thal this \u201cSecret Urder\u201d was an absolute fabrication from beginnin to end, and did not contain à word o truth.Here, then, was a nice piece of intriguing worthy of the Hua, and in all probability to be attributed to that sub- te and experienced fomemter of sedi- ion.In the early hours of Bood Friday, the 21st April, there occured the first at- témpt at a German invasion.A German merchant ship disguised as a Norwegian trader, and accompanied by & submarine, appeared off west coast.This ship contain arms aad ammuni- ut she was interce by a Byitish patrol oat, and diva to put in to Queenstown.Suddenly, however, the vessel ran up the German flag and sank herself, leaving all her crew to be taken prisoners.eantime = derelict boat had beensfound on shore containing 8 dagger and some ammunition.This led to the capture, on the 23nd April, of Sir Roger Casement, who with two others had beem put ashore in a collapsible boat by the German submarine.Sir Roger was found, very wet, and, quite appropriately, with some German sausages in bis pocket, hiding in an old \u201crath,\u201d or ruined fort, whence he was promptly despatched to the Tower of London.Ow Saturday mourning & motor car, rushing down to meet Sir Roger and his German friends, took the wrong turning, and was hurled into the River Lane.The driver was saved, but the other oe- cupants, who wore Sinn Fein badges, to invade these islands.Three men in were drowned.| Thus ended the first German attempt a boat!\u2014to eay nothing of the dagger\u2019 snd a collapsible buat at that; A tragicomedy surely! One cannot help thinking that the Germans.as Tommy would express it, \u201cdone the dirty on Sir Roger.Finding that his presence in Germsny was no \u2018onger of any use, they simply dumped him down in Ireland in this ignomisious manner.Truly a proceeding not calculated to encourage other potential Irish traitors to euter German à rvice.: The insurgent plans was to mobilize their men hy calling them up at the different centres, ostensibly for, Faster manoeuvres, But on ter Sunday 423d April) there appeared a curious announcement in the pers.This was an order signed by Mr.MacNeill.the President of the Sinn Fein Volunteers, on the previous night cancelling the Easter manoeuvres.t it was too late.The fuse had already been lighted and the explosion was certain to follow.Fhortiy before noom on Easter Monday small detach:.ents of armed Sinn Fein Volunteers were noticed dotted all over the city.Precisely at noon they took action.The great publie buildings and the railway stations were seized, ani Stephen's Green in the heart of the city was clear- od and occupied.Motor cars and other vehicles were commandeered and their occupants threatened with rifles, and, in some cases, where they resieted, shot.Barrieades formed of everything the rebels could lay their hands on from the shops and houses.were\u201d thrown across the main routes by which the military would be likely to arrive.and corner houses commanding most of the principal streets were garrisoned.Meanwhile placards we posted up t'roughout the city proclaiming Ireland a Republic.This Proclamation was signed by 1.H.Pearse.the President 6 the Provisional Government of the Irish Republic and .ix others, and announ- that the Irish Volunteers and the irish Citizen Army, su; by Irish exiles in America and by gallant allies in Europe, were to strike for Irish freedom in full confidence of victory.Soon every man in uniform was in danger of death or capture, and by Monday evening the city was practically in the .ands of the insurgents.\u2018This was the more easily effected as sll the shops and offices were closed for the Easter Monday holiday, and many of the citeyens had left town, The chief building seized by the rebels were the General Post Office in Sackville street, where P.H.Pearse, who was also \u201cCom.mender-in-Chief ot the army of the R«- bHe\u201d held his headquarters; the Law \u2018ourts, the City Hall, Jacob's Biscuit Pactory, Boland'e Mill in Ringsenr, and the College of Surgeons.The attack on Dublin Castle, which contatus the office of the Chief Secretary, failed, but the rebels seized the office of the \u201cEvening Mail,\u201d which is situated directly opposite |' to the Castle, Trinity College, however, stood firm, manned by ita studemts snd Officers\u2019 Training Corps.The part played by Trinity College was most.vaeiuable.By its position it dominates three of the most important thoroughtares in Dublin\u2014Dume street, Grafton street, and Westmoreland otreet, while djreetly te is the Bank of Ireland, the old Parliament House of a centu From almost every window the College loyal rifles could be agen behind their sandbags, and it ie due to TCD.that the heart of business abla, ineluding the t banks and imsuranes companies, and the finest shepe your in the city escaped scatholmss.A tragic fucident that occured on Monday afterpoon was the shooting of several members of the Veterants\u2019 Corps\u2014the body of men over the military age who ere organized for heme defence.and wear the familiar hed srmilet with the letters GR.A large number of these veterans were réturning from a route march when they were suddenly the French and the Germans.An impressive picture of the tragic milite aveyard made The little creek in the foreground hes rum rod mois than once, for by the this is French at the scene the foot of Les Eparges Hill of many fierce battles between * .ber killed, and many seriously wounded.From Tuesday till Friday Dublin was a battlefield.Chaos Peigned supreme for all pelicemen had been withdrawn to save them from the mercilase sniper.1 cannot better descrihe the general state of the city during those days than by iving my own experiences on Tuesday.aving Harcourt street Railway Station I walked along to Stephen's Green.The gotes were locked, but, peering in between the railings, [ could see that come alight attempt at digging had been made, but I could see no men.Rifle shots were ringing out every few minutes, and presently | saw two dead men lying on the paths of the Greea where they fell.One body was close to the railings, and à woman eympathiser wae gesticulating wildly.\u201cI seen him shot,\u2019 she cried.\u201cIt was a\u2014\u2014officer done it shot him like a dog, poor fellow!\u201d \u201cWhat had him there then?\u201d gruffty seplied a male onlnoker.A little further on | saw that the eatrance to the Shelbourne Hetel\u2014Dublin\u2019s premier hotel ~was barricaded with furniture and bedding, and just opposite a dead horse was lying across the pathway.UGgafton street seemed almost normal-\u2014much as it would be on a Sunday morning, except that ther: was no wheeled traffic of any sort.At College Green the rifles of Trinity College kept Dame street almost deserted.Sackville street was a strange sight.The firet thing that took my notice was the number of oid hats lying about the streat.This, I thought, must have been the scene of some violent struggle.But I soon aaw that there was another explanation.Looting had commeneed, and people from the slums were throwing away their old things and helping themselves freely to the most fashionable wear from the shops.As yet only the smaller shops had been broken into, but later on looting became general.Looted boots were sold in the streets for 3b a pair, cigars Is a box, and gold watches Is each.Women and boys were the chief venders.The excitement seemed to take a great hol of the women.Some à saw dancing in the streets as if frenzied.At this time Lawrence's toy shop was Leing sacked.The windows of the upper storeys were open, and women were throwing out to the erowd below dolla and toys of every description.| saw men carrying off openly valuable electroplated ware, mirrors, and other furniture.Children with little cloth bundles were everywhere.Sometimes one of their friends would stop them and ask them what they had gut, when the bundles would disclose a most heterogeneous col- lection\u2014jowellers, some ribbons, chocolates, and sweetstuffe, clothes, toys.I remonstrated with one boy, but was trueulently consigned to the lower regions.I received no encouragement from the bystanders, who were quite apathetic nor was there a.place where the loot could be deposited.- But I believe that a few traders in Earl street, armed with revolvers, saved their premises from looting.In front of the G.P.O.strands in barbed wire were drawn right across Beckville street.The windows of the Post Office were all barricaded with sandbags, and young fellows with rifies were chatting and laughing freely with any passers-by.Several women were also in the building to act as cooks and nurses.At the main entrance was a guard, one of whom held what [| took to be a spear.Later I learnt it was a lance taken from a fallen Lancer.On Monday evening ! was told the Lancers, not realizing the strength of ville etreet.They were met hy a etroag rifle fire from the post office and were withdrawn.Two deed horses etill lay in the street, and small pore were playing on them.The flag of the Republic\u2014 white, green and orange\u2014floated over the Post Office building.The back streets of the city were practically normal, but significantly silent.About 3 o'clock hearing sounds of heavy firing near the Castle 1 proceeded ie that direction.As [ got nearer the rattle of the rifles increased.and every now and again a big boom showed that artillery was oo the scene or that gre.nade-throwing was taking place.1 got ns close as I could to the fighting, where enseonced in & shop doorway, Î witness- od the recapture SF he military of the \u201cEvening ir .Volley after volley rang out from the windows of this office, was returned with interest from the Castle.Suddenly there was 8 lull.and a y of about twenty soldiers rushed across the étrest A terrible fusillade opemed from the \u201cMall\u201d wa, and as the eoldiers reached the footpath half of their number went dows on their knees.- We thought they had been hit, but soon saw that they were simply tucking themselves in.as closely as possible to te foot of the wall.In this position the rebele could nat fire at them from the windows without exposing themselves to the rifle and machine-gun five from the Castle.Then the soldiers crept along the wall to the door.battered it in, and rushed ato the building.Severe fighting took place isside on the only etair- erse in the place.What casualties the soldiers suffered I do not know, but I Joarnt that the bodies of 28 dead rebels were afterwards found in the office.Certainiy it was a stirring sight to eee those gallant khaki figures scie the fire of their concesled foes.The disadvantages of the military in this house.to- house fighting are enormous and the courage requiredoto carry #& through proportionately great.Every soldier on the street was 6 ta for sniper safely Nidden behind he barricade And when the house le finally taken, à grest fred upon by concenled robels in the Haddipgton read, and ve of thels 3pm of the garrison, many of whem no waiform, simply fled by some back en- ' trance or along the roof into the street.[ saw à hody of troops clearing a block of bulldings in this way.Suddenly ta à lame à man (a Rinn Feiner) ataggered From a aide-door and fell dead.He lay where he fell, and the military passed on.But, as in 2ll things human, tragedy wae mingled with comedy.The officer proceeded stealthily along at the head of his men, revolver in hand, and following by some eight or ten men with their fingers on the triggers of their rifles.The officer prepared to peer cautiously round tbe corner of the lane.Then quickly be turned the corner, and bumped unceremoniously into the arma of & stout old lady who was down the street, beaming all round her, ard seemingly quite unconscious of danger, As I watched these scenes of bloodshed and looting | could not believe that this was the orderly Dublin [ had seen so shortly before.It wan topavturveydom complete; and I realized in a flash those amazing scenes I had read of in the streets of Paris during the French revolution.At times, sa | watched some particularly exciting incident such as the recapture of the \u201cMail\u201d office, 1 could scarcely divest myself of the feeling that I was watching the screen in a picture house, 80 anreal had the rapid and violent transition from every.day monotony to these eanguinary scenes made everything appear.1 did not stay much longer in the eity.As | stood at the corner of Dame street a man near me, uttering an ex- elamation, suddenly stooped and rubbed his leg.\u201cWhat was that?\u201d he cried.Glancing down I saw piece of lead, near his boot.It was a spent bullet.The man picked it up.\u201cFeel it,\" he said.Yit's hot.\u201d It was; and eo I thought was the place 1 was in.1 had seen gnough, and proceeded thoughtfully ome.On Wednesday, Thursday and Friday the military were getting more and more a rm grip on the situation, and civilians were not allowed un the streets.Martial Law was declared in the city end county of Dublia un the 23th, and was extended to the whole Ireland next day.On Wednepday the Admiralty steamer \u201cHelga\u201d came up the\u2019 Liffey and shelled Liberty hall.The railway bridge abstructed the direct line of fire, but shells were dropped on the roof and soon the whole interior of the building was shattered and (ell to the basement, The occupants, however, liad escaped.Difficult though the task was, the military operations on Thursdey and Fri were brilliantly successful.They first divided the city into two by taking advantage of the river.Dublin is roughly a circle of which the diameter is the river Liffey running through it east and weet.There is a north and a south half separated by the river.By seizing the bridges and their approaches the city was cut in halves, and the Post Office, the Four Courts and the Liberty Hall on the north side were separated from the Castle, Stiphen\u2019s Green and Ringsend on the south side.Gradually cordous of troops were set round the\u201cchief rebel strongholds, and as these cordons drew tn hour: by house the rebel cause frew more and more hopeless.Realizing this on Seturday, 20th April the rebel leader, Pearse; issued the following order.\u2014 \u201cIn oder to prevent the further slaughter of unarmed people, and in the Lope of saving lives of our fol: lowers, now surrounded and hopelensly outnumbered, Members of the Prov: sional Government present at Head: quarters have agreed to an unconditional surrender, and the Commanders of all Units of the Republican Forces will order their followers to lay down their arma.\u201d The revelt was ended.During the Sunday the rebel centres ome by one gave up the struggle and gave up their arma, On Monday the citizens again thronged the atreets curious to witness ¢he havoc wrought resumed work.At first the railways resumed work.At first the services Were very restricted and police I or military passes were required of all roons entering or leaving the city.But F Wednesday things were practieally normal.+ \u2018 DAMAGE ' ENORMOUS.Thé damage done to property in the city was enormous, \u2018but, fortunately, it was confined almost entirely to one Area.Lower Baekville street lay in emoulder- ing vine.The whole block of building.on the right band side looking north.warde, from O'Connell Bridge to beyond Nelson's Millar, and extending eastward for about IN0 yards, was destroyed by fire and shell.Only the gavnt skeleton of the more masaive structures remained.plese wae unrecognisshle; and as one gased at the remains, one felt as a man, returned to life alter a thousand ears, revisiting the ruins of a once well mown city.Here once stood the Imperial Hotel, and there the Royal Hibernian Academy, and the Presbyterian Chureh.So might an old Roman, returned from the Shades, gases on Hor eulaneum and Pompeñ.the other side of the street, from Middle Abbey street to the Post Offices, and in nearly all Henry etreet not & place remained iatact.Over two hundred buildinge were destroyed, and the damage has been roughly sotimated at £2,500,000.This seems to have been due to organised incendiariem by the rebels and the impossibility of utilising the Fire Brigade aggravated the destruction.It je known that in the General Post Office great quantities of flammable materials and Sxplosives were stored, and a8 \u201cexplosives expert, woo called hissooif Slattery, but who wa.\u2019 dmibtedly came from Berlin, was one of the rebel leaders in this office.Nevertheless, excluding this area, the reat of the city is untouched, and save for the marks of bullets in the masonry pu and the broken windows, one would scarcely know that anything uneual had happened.HEAVY CASUALTIES.The casualties in Dublin have bean se vere.Mr.Asquith amnounced im the House of Commons that the total casualties sustained by the military and police forces were:\u2014Killed, 186: wound- ed, 308; missing, 9.The casualty list |- of the rebels is being officially prepared but it is reported that over 200 persons who died of gunshot wounds were buried in Glasnevin Cemetery alone, and 67 ho- dies were buried in the Castle grounds.Many of these were doubtless innucent civilinns, but the majority, it may fairly be assumed, were rebels.It is difficult to arrive at an accurate estimate of the numbers of the insurgents engaged.Some idea, however, may be formed on this point from the fact that nearly 2,000 rebels Lave been sent to England, and it is believed that some 2,000 more are still in the country.The risings outside Dublin City were everywhere a complete fiasco.The only movements of any note took place at Enniscorthy, Gaiwdy, and at Ashbourne in the County Meath.In Ennisrorthy\u2014 the towa that lies at the foot of Vinegar Hill\u2014the rebels took possession of the town, and, marching out, seized the '4 neighboring town of Ferns.But.on learning of the arrival of some soldiers close by, they quickly returned to Ennis.corthy.Meantime, an armored train arrived some aix miles from Ennis corthy with a 15 pounder gun, to which the soldiers gave the name of \u201cEnniscor- thy Emily.\u201d : The rebels then took counsel, but their deliberations were rudely disturbed by a ehelt from * iscorthy Emily,\u201d which landed right amongst them.The shell was à blank one, but it exploded with a prodigious noise.A panic ensued.White flage were hoisted as thick as blackber- Ties, as many as 40 having been counted.Many of the rebels who tried to escape were captured, and the rest shortly afterwards laid down their arms and our- rendered unconditionallr.The off.cial report laconically stated \u201cThere were no casualties.\u201d MARCHING ON GALWAY.In Galway it was announced by the authorities that 400 Sinn Feiners were marching on the town.They got within a short distance of Galway, when some shells from « gunboat in Galway Bay dispersed them, and They fled.The police acted splendidly, and seon had the situation well in band.Nearly 100 persons were captured in this district.The only other serious fighting in the country parts took piace at Ashbourne.Here the police hearing that Ashbourne police station had been attacked proceeded to the spot in motor cars in comaid.erable force.Om their way they were ambushed by a body of rebels.An action ensued, most gatiantiy contested by the R.LC.officers and men, who fought till all their ammunition was gone.When the police were finally forced to .surrender seven of their number lay dead or fatally injured round their cars, while s large number wers wounded.\u2018The rebels in this district shortly afterwards disbanded.The following are the seven signatories of the proclamation declaring Ireland a Republie:\u2014Thos.Clarke, 8.Mae.Dermott, P.H.Pearse, James Connolly.Thos.MacDonagh, Edmund Kent, and Joseph Plunkett.These have heen executed after trial by General Field Court- martial.Amongst others sentenced to death and executed are:\u2014Edward Daly, who (ed the rebels at the Four Courts, M.O'Hanrahan a clerk at the redel head- uarters: Wm.Pearse, \u201cMajor\u201d M'Bride, and Cornelius Colbert.The Countess Markievies was sentenced to death, but her sentence was commuted to penal servitude for life.SCHOOL HEADMASTER._P.B.Pearse, the President of the Provisions] Government, was the heagmaster of 8t.Panda's fchool.He was a barrister, and 36.Though born in Dublin, he was of lish descent.Thomas Mae.Donagh was an M.A.snd tutor of English literature ie the University College, Dublin.Thos.Clarke had been sentenced to penal servitude for complicity in the Fenfan outrages in the of es.\u201cMajor\u201d MacBride was the organiser of the Irish Brigade that fought om the side of the Boer in the Transvaal war.He was given .as water bedliff ta the Dublin Cor.ration of 1911.The Countess Mark.fet ia the daughter of Bir Henry Gore Booth, Bart., of Sligo.&he had been an art student in Paris and married Count Markieviez, a Polish artist, who served for some time in the Russian Arm during the ;reasht war.She war a leading supporter of Jim Larkin at Liberty From the peginaing this ill-fated rebellion mever had the slightest chance of success, and it seems incredible that the Irish leaders should have embarked on #0 hopeless an enterprise without having received guarantees of assistance.From stories told by prisoners taken by the rebels, it is certain that the rank sed file of the imourgents fully believed that they would rèçeive strong reinforcements from Germany.Yet vrhat did Germany dot She sent sa ammunition ship snd ¢ submarine with + Sands fir Roger Casement; she bombarded Lowestoft for half an hour; 6he sant over soms Zeppelins, and (after waiting for a time sufficient to allow news of the rebellion to reach the Jrish soldiers) she put up placards opposite the re.pres in Flanders, stating that Irish women and children were being slsught- ered by English eoldiery in Dublin, and suggesting that if the Irish troops did not firs, they would not.Without the command of the sess the German authorities knew that the rising was doomed to certain failure.Why, then, did they encour it?If we ask the old question.1 hono\u201d3\u2014for whose benefit would this uprising be, aven should jt end, as the Cierman us it must, in failure, the answer is plain.Germany would benefit whichever, was the rising went: she stood to gain.Though the rebellion failed, as she anticipated, Germany has obtained her strategie object.Ehe has caused 500 casualties in the British Army; she has caused the British Government a mat.serial loss running into millions of pounds, ant a moral loss incalculable.And she has immobilized a large aum- oer of British tronps in Ireland.In the full expectation that they would fail, she encouraged the Irish rebels to actidh; end the apetacle of this Government, handing over Sir Roger Casement and her other Irish dupes to certain doom is a lesson in German un.serupulouaness that will not soon be forgotten.1 have mentioned the meaning of the expression \u201cSinn Fein.\u201d By a curious coincidence, these sre also rely German words, and signify \u201cof aplendid intelligence.\u201d With what sar- donk enjoyment must mot the German Government have noticed this meaning of the title of the poor, ignorant men they were so sucossafully deceiving.\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 REV.A.B.BAIRD IS CHOSEN MODERATOR A Pioneer Missionary of the Presbyterian Church in the West Winnipeg.June 7.\u2014 Hev.Andrew Browning Baird, M.A, DD.who 35 years ago came to the west as a pioneer missionary of the Presbyterian Church, and who for almost thirty years has been identified with the Manitobs College, of which he is the acting prinei- pal, was to-night elected moderator of the General Assembly, thus receiving the highest honor which the denomination can hestow.Dr.Baird had previous ly been nominated by a large number of the preshyteries both in the east and the west, and bis election, in view of his long and efficient services, had heen conceded.Other( nominations included the Rev.Dr.John Neil, of Toronto.Dr.Baird, the new moderator, who will preside at all the meetings for the next ten daye, was born in the village cf Motherwell.Ont, in IR55.He wax educated at Upper Canada College, the University of Toronto, where he gradu- sted in 1887 (M.A.1880), Knox (ol- lege, Toronto (D.D., 1913}, Edinburgh University (Ph.D.(, and the University of Leipsic.He was ordained in 1881, and went to Edmenton, where he was the minister of the First Presbyterian Church until 1887.In the latter Sear le wa stransferred to Manitoba College snd has remained in connection with the institution since that time.Westminster Church, where all the meetings of the Assembly will be bell.vas completely filled when.the opening service was begun.It was estimated that there were fully five hnn- dred delegates present, every pres- Lytery in the hCurch, from the Atlan: tic to the Pucific, being represented by ministers and laymen.The balance of the congregation was made up of representatives of the many Presbyterian churches in the city and other religious organizations.Rev.David Christie opened the arr.vice, and with him on the pnipi @ere Rev.Dr.Makolm M@GHivay, of Kingston, retiring moderator; Rev.Dr.Bryce, and Dr.W.T.Herridge, past moderators.The choir of the church was present and contributed anthems, The annual sermon was preached hy the retiring moderator, Rev.Dr.Me.Gillivray, from the text, \u201cEven as (God chose us in Christ before the foundation of the world\u201d The address was an appeal to individual Christians and to the Church as an organization to advance to higher modes of life and greater effort in the direction of the attainment of real Christian ideals.As vus natural under tho circumstances, the nature of the Church and the work which -it ought to do were discussed.enpeciaflr in the concluding \u201cpasssges.The sermon was to a large extent epigrammatic in style, At the conclusion of the sermon the new assembly was solemnly conetitut- ed hy the retiring moderator, who save som eaccomnt of his work during the vear in visiting congregationa and discharging other duties imposed upon him by hia office.He then ealled on the assembly to elect his anccessor, when Rev.Dr.Baird and Rev.Dr.John Neil were nominated, the latter retiring in favor of Dr.Baird, whey was then conducted to the chair and addressed the assembly, thanking the commissioners, and asking for support in the discharging of ha duties.; Rev.\"Ur.Turnbull.of Ottawa.wha nominated Rev.Dr.Neil.gave notice amid much laughter, that he would consent to the withdrawal! of the name 0° Dr, Neil this year, tnt that he wculd press for his election next year in Montreal, where it is believed the svsembly of 1917 will he held.Rev.Dr.Baird, in his opening address ne moderator, referred at some length to the church union issue, and » ted that whatever the dsefdion might he, the traditions of the assembly might be maintained in the debate.NON-COMBATANT CORPS Conscientious Obieptors Who Are at the Front British He in Franes, Ma: 17,\u2014(C of the Associa Press.) \u2014Un sll the varie gated units of the on the conti nent is the British Nan-Combetant Corne \u20144he conseientidus objectors, who do not want to fight and who are mot expected to fight.Not fear but consciences te their reason for being excused.In Pngland, where individual rights are no strongly recognised.the Quaker le not required ¢o bear srme hecauee tt 1s againat his religions soruples.Wher compulsion wae led, an- other class sarees.They they had conscientious scruples the taking of lite.If they would not fight must work, the government decid Where s man who enters the army wn- der normal conditions must drill for (ew dage drill, put in khaki, and France at once.There he wiside bit\u201d seid thelr commander, an offices with « strip of colore on his , whe bad Does in several campaigns add wes ao hudly wounded in this war thet he was hardly fit for astive service.\u201cThey grt the same pay as the men in the trenches and the same rations, with the extra allowance of meat which i given to the laborers\u2019 corps.\u201d At the time, the N.OC.'s were od tu some railway work.Virtusily of are men unused fo mmousl hbor; bef though it wae pretty hard at firet they ssid they would be inured t5 # in time One wes à BA.af Cambridge University.None bad eny eomplaints te make.The majority were clerks.\u201d and those who were pot were weyally shopkeepers.Many were members of.ti Plymouth Brethren, à sect which holds much the same views ne the Quackers Thess said that it was against their creed to Ste and they would nol renounce their orred.They e quite frankly about the charge or conan which ls made againet them; and seemed to realise that they were the anathams nd rushing stock of the millions et a countrymen who are offe ther Yves for Britain, ne \u201cI do not want to kill anybody.1 not believe in war,\u201d one said.As sa = ponent of passive resistance be was ready to work at command.but po pows ère could make them fight.\u2018Li we are sent up to work under shell fire 1 think thet you will find that moet of us will not flinch,\u201d he added.One of the unmilitary charscteristior which amuse the a British soldier im that the N.CC.'s all address one another as \u201cMister\u201d One mentioned that their conversation around the mess was very \u201cintellee \u201d oughly ei.lectuei\u201d and thee Jou want any proof that Engla: is a free country,\u2019 id « vergers ei rrgulars, \u201cvou\u2019 have it in this int.How much of « \u201chance wolild a band of cam scientious objectors stand in the German army?! Meanwhile the fighting army protects them from the enemy and from public opinion.But let them have thois way.There aren't many of them.\" A shirker may not suddenly become 8 conscientious ohjsctor in order to escape service.Anyone who sapires to the Nee.must prove that he held com scientious scruples against fighting bee fore the war.One conscientious ob jector has already deserted.This backslider decided to fight.anl he je back in England drilting in a line regiment.OTTAWA TO MOVE CLOCK Ottawa, Ont, June 5\u2014Attawa City Council to-night decided to put the daylight saving plan into effect in- the Capital by advancing the clocks of the es one hour from June 20 to Octobe next.Publie notice is hereby given that, under the Quebee Companies\u2019 Act, letters patent have bem issued by the Lieutemant-Governor of the Provimes of Quebec, bearing date the fourth day of May.1916, incorporating WM.Auguste Joseph Allatre accountant; Marie Hémault, copyiet : Brodeur, sonuntant: gif three of Montreal; Jnseph Alfred Nadeau and Ednuard R.Dufresne notaries, the last two of Outremont, Que., for the following purposes: 0 carry on the business of brokers for the investment, payment, tronefer., management entation ot Sane \" = To act as trustees for bond and debentitre hiders, as administrators of any corporation company, srndicate or undertaking, and as agent for the purpose of registering, imiing, countersigning and certifving the transfers and corti rates of shares.obligations snd other securities of other companies and corporations and the ianeing ot Semporary recripts © © purchase \u2018nr otherwise ire, to lease, own, hopotherste.Tedger erties herwise give in security or in payments.to hand over ar receive in exchange, sell or otherwise alienate property, claims » rights, movesbles and immovesbles.debentures, bonds and obligs- tions and al shares of otber corporstions, and rrapertr, obligations and securitien of other per- \u201cone, Amncistions and companies ; Te lsmie dehsntures and other obligationg, paid up shares snd other securities of the co paz as Parent ve riherwioe : à exercise all powers 3s principal agent, exact all a riate, legal or Tle ~ expenses and costs incurred in te functions; the carving cut n procure or aid in precuring to e: ment and any municipal hoo! or other pabBa bods, corporation or company, mentes by nf honda obligations, debentures or any sernritiee or hy way of endarsement, Promises of guarantees of anv securities or in any manner whitever, and to nffer to the poblic fer mibseripton any bande, ahligatione, dehentures 65 any other securities which the company Ainpres nf for seh pit the whale \u20ac conditions oc mar 4 dome proper ; To iseue debenture stock for such amount ag ls may be dermed miltahle for the pu and to di of same for the enc ob mid company, the name of \u201cCanadian Company.\u201d with à ta! thousand dollats ($10,000.00) vide im = thousand (1000) shares of ten dollars (810.60) The principe] place of hai corporation.to be in the cite ot Montreal the Dated from the ofice of the Provincial See.tary, this fourth day of Mex, 1918, \u2018 C.J.SIMARD.Amistant Provincial \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 SPECIAL ROUND TRIP FARES PACIFIC COAST AND OTHER WESTERN POINTS VIA GRAND * TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM.Round trip tickets are now om cale daily to points in British Cokrmble, Washington.Oregon, California, ales to Edmonton, vional Park.: ei October dl, amd red i Tee at intermediate points ja either on, Da 122 St James M.: \u2018Phone Main Windsor Hotel Ticket Office or venture Station.JUNE Subscribers ! Subscribers whose address label marked JUNE are asked to Sug | attend to their renewal AT ONCE little in advance, as onion avert ff ably dates from the expiry of present subseription.Ou fhe other cand, as overdue su will meas iden m in the cervies and rexadion del in rephemg the name en the fuller sul annouscements and olubbing sisewhere in this iaone.20801 DOCGALL à SOU, \u2018 Meatreai, es at do 2 the esnssientious objesper is given opecial offers are geod ywhere ia Cancds > vlad of Montreal\" wierd a nie ue Poel 1 be hese Theos #8 lel, thes he have 3 \u2014 \u2014 me \u2014 THE MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS, JUNE 13, 1916 - ¢ \u201cDEATH, BUT NOT SURRENDER,\u201d CANADIAN CRY IN GREATEST CLASH WITH GERMANS SINCE BATTLE OF ST.JULIEN ! avy Casualty List, But Enemy List Four Times Greater\u2014 Owing To Intensity of German He \u201cArtillery ire, Canadians Were Unable To Hold On To Captured Ground, On Which No One Could Live\u2014Most Terrific Bombardment On the Western Front Owing to lack of space the \u201cWitness\u201d © 93 unable to print the heavy list of +-gasualties from the most recent great fight of the l'anadians.Already sev- f-era) thousands of names have come i \u2018through, sud it is roughly estimaved * that the total casualties of the big attack and counter-attack are in the peighborhond of 65000.The German losaeg are at least four times as many, the Canadians having, as usual.given a splendid account of themsetves.Ottawa, June ualty lists waued by the militia authorities to-ilay bring home to Cant- diane the seriousness of the engagement In the vicinity of Ypres on Saturday.In all the names of 133 officers are given and the total all ranks is 195 Of the officers mentioned 2 are Montrealers The noon Met of 105 names, all nt whom were officers.include 27 \\lontrealers, a spe- clal list of officers issued at 8 pm.included twenty-five more.MORE THAN R08, INCLUDING OFFICERS ON EARLY LIST.130 Ottawa.June 5 While no additional details of the fighting at Yrres had heen learned by the Militia Deparment up to a late hour to- might a supplementary list of cas uallies among the officers was received hy General 8ir Sam Hughes today and the cables are hriuging to headquarters here almost hourly the longest list of losses among the rank and file since the hattle of St.Julien.That total 1s probably being swelled.as the cahles indicate that (he fighting is still in progress The latest despatches would indicate that new areas nf the Canadian line have became invnived in the flahtiue and that other regiments are probably | bearing the brunt of it ag well aa those which have already suffered go heav- fly.but dote such splendid work The list of vasualties among the Officers now totals il reparted to the Militia Department.Upwards of 700 casualties vers cahled through the regular channels and received hy the, Militia Depa: tment to-night, but the publication of this ist will be somewhat delayed.the work of compiling | and .ollating such a number being a} heavy one.It is noticeable that in Place af being widely scattered throngh the Third Division the losses so far have heen particularly confined to the hrigade which went ag mounted rifles, but was converted into infantry.NO ONE COULD LIVE ON GROUND CANADIANS GAVE UF, London.June 6.The \u201cTimes cor- | respondent a\u2019 Rritish Headquarters.* describing the situation at Ypres.explains that the \u2018\u2019anadian forces were.unable to retain their ground re- : extra No.1 ferd at ta 1 feed at 31 1-2¢; and No.2 feed + 1-20: while Mtirio and Quehcs A white sl at 52e; No.3 at He, and No, 4 at 30% per hushol, exestore, WINNIPEG GRAIN MARKET.Winnipeg.June 10 Fluctuations in arain to.day were: Wheat Open.Close.aly CALI, BLA tL Lolo 1.073, LL RL IA 1.08 Cut MEL LL 04 20 000 48 45% (LR 403; Cash prices closed : Wheat No.| northern, 81.10 7.8; No.2 northern, 81.10; No.3 morthern.81.05 1-2: Ne.4 No.8, 90 3-4e.Date\u2014Ne, 2 C.W., 46 ?.Re; No.2 CW.43 3-Re; extra No.?feed, 45 B-Re; No.1 feed, 44 ä.fe; No.2 feed, 42 5.86, Barley-No 3.67e; No.4, 82; jected, BAe; feed, 38c.3 81.9 1.2; No.2 SL.O0 1.4: No.à.94 1-4e MERCHANTS BANK ASSETS EXCEED 96 MILLIONS With a balance sheet exhibiting AA.RA1.243 of ausete.en increase during the vets of mare than ten milion dollars, the Merchants Bank of Canada presents a report for ite fieval vear ending April 20, which is remarkable even in a year ten million dollars in wholly the peo duct of the incresns in the wlame of public funds entrusted to this old and rrapona file institution, M hax received during the year fre millions more of interest-bearing deposits, and 4 1-2 mil tons of non-intereat deposits, and has over 8 million dollars anore of notes in elrmnietion.The total of public funds under (he management of the hank Is now jues short of KZ million dollars, Um the other aide af the account the Merchants Bank hokle an unprecedented volume of liquid seseta, amounting to just shout M0 pereedt.The cash and equivalent of cash in the tulance sheet total more than 20 mibians, to whisk muet be added à aimiler amount in gilt.edgel securities and call loans.ma ing a tots) liquid reserve af 840.000, 484, This compares with $32088,472, \u2018 PEACE AGITATION Teuton Accept Sentiments of the Archbishop of Canterbury \u201cscoipte from that [ous vountry.Beginuing with Dr.Harden, accorsting to the report article printed in the Loudon \u201cTi of April ZA, says: \u201cNo he did not expect Verdun to fall Whitsuntide, or that the speedy fall of this fortress, which Nas been menaced since Leh.would crash the French veufidence in victory, making possible a rapid advanes inte y fortified em Ltrs and compel à decrion for peace.; ren if Verdun were to Gill before the etd of May, the people would have had tune to accustom Creruselves to the Toss of this town ns ta the Joes af Lille and Vaulwnyge, and Joffre would have had time Go baild up the position between Verdun and Panis aceording to all the moet muodern art of war\u201d atter ohxerving that ss hin speech to the dicitssion of policy.the Chancellor had a qpuccentis begun to discover Shut \u201cmili deluge which still «oem to many people A war like other wars,\u201d points out the Icammistency of the ¢haneellor\u2019s assur.wees that Germany cannot \u2018e starved wth his fresh atin + ou the \u201cdarva.= enemies His remarks that even © pring in his day o ed that war weet Enclawt would \u201che eanld fetter Germany to what produce at home, toa the agrarian I.WANs med tos fact as the mast ffective aigument for the aguarian Cen and that oe present state of aftairs can have surpried n.ther the Corman Foreign (Mie ner people like Albert Ballin, Herr Harden green in 1914.This percentage is based on only one year's work aad for that reason the figures in the laat column are indicative rather than conclusive, Yield per acre in Tons Green Dry Maturity Fodder Fodder of ears Rows (2 yre) LONGFELLOW 3\" 4\" apart Plante part 75 165 87 part 8 147 A 12\" apart 7 un 39 16\" apart ï 12.34 Rows LEAMING 3 apart Plants 4 apart 68 186 3] 8 apart 0 174 32 12 apart 76 197 41 18\" apart 7¢ 166 59 Rows 3 A\" apart Plants 4\" apart : 139 35 8 apart 76 158 35 12\" apart 7 156 3.6 16\" apart 37 140 33 Tt will he observed that the four Tears test doer not differ materially form the 1915 work as regerds the ye.Intive n yield from the different rates of seeding.If we conaider the present dry to green in IPIS as approxiæ- ately correct it will be sean again that in no case han the thick seeding given as good results as the thinner rates.General Conclusions.While the above results are not as yet conclusive in that they have not been conducted for a sufficient length of time {especially in hill planting), as far as they gn they indicate that for our conditions comparatively thin planting is to be preferred to thick planting.Apart from the actual feeding value of a crop the keeping quality and its palatability are important considerations.When corn is harvested in an immature condition a large amount of acid is formed and consequently we have a sour ensilage of poor quality.The best ensilage is made when the ears well outwards the glazing stege.a point which is not reached readily where corn is planted abnormally thickly.Taking ali these thing into consideration earn planted sufficiently thickly to enamre one plant every 8 ar 10 inches in rowa 3 ft.to 3 ft.8 ine.apart, or three to four plantain hills 3ft.to 3ft.Gins.apart esch way, will very closely approximate the best rate of planting.Either ean be depended on to give n Nigh yield of corn of good quality under proper soil preparation and management.In actual practice it is necessary to seed considerably more thickly than the required amount on account of the impossibility of obtaining a perfect germination and of securing a uniform drop from the corn planter.With uniform seed of high quality less seed will be required than if the sead is of an inferior quality.As a rule under good conditions of soil and with good seed it is necessary te plant at least five kernels per hill to ensure a stand of three plante per hill.It is better, however, in all casen to err om the safe side, that is, by planting rather thickly and then if necessary thin to the proper rate when a good etand is established.Whether corn should be planted in hills or in rows is still an open question, and one which depends largely Incal eonditions.It is generally under.stoi that a higher yield is obtained when planted in rows, but on the other hand it is recognize that a higher yield of more mature ears is produced on corn planted in hills.Taking both these pointa into consideration it is doubtful if either method has any material advantage over the other as for as the feeding value of the crop produced i» concerned.Although hill planting requires a lit.tls more work in preparing the land for seeding, it a decided advantage over row plentifig in that it allows of cultivation in two directions, and as à result weeds can he controlled with à minimum of hand labor: moreover, the extra cultivation makes the soil in better condition for seeding down to grass and clover the folle year.The hoed crop is the only place in the rotation where weads can most essily and effectively be eradicated, and a strenuous of.fort should be made here to leave the land as free of weeds as possible for the other crops in the rotation.For this reason the hill method of planting, with cultivation in both directions, should be the common method of handling the corn crop where, as is usually the case, weeds are an important consideration.If this method were followed more generally, given through the summer, it would fo a long way towards freeing Quebec farms of many of the weeds that Shey now have, \"Macdonald College.CONTROL OF _ROOT MAGGOTS Among the insects whith attack vegetable plants.the root maggots every year destroy many thousands of dollars, worth of such crops as , esuli- flowers, turnips, radishes, onions, beans, corn, ete.Those insects are widespead throughout Canads occuring in all of the provinces.The Entomol 1 Branch of tha Department of Agriculture has just isqued Bulletin No.12 entitled \u201cTue Cabbage Ront Maggot and Its Control in Canada, with notes on the Imported Onion Maggot and the Seed-Corm Maggot.\u201d je hes heen written by Mr.Arthur n, Chief Assistant Entomologist, in Charge of Field lasect Investigations, and Me.H.C.Troherne, Field Officer in charge of the Entomoln- gies] Laboratory at ÆAyassis, B.C., as 2 result of 8 number of vears of work conducted in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia.The bulletin comprises M8 pages, 20 illustrations, and a valuable chart show the deposition of the a ducing aô , .bg er historical note the Cab bags Root Maggon je treated in detail + * « The various stages of the imsect are described snd figured and life-history, development, habits, ete, fully gives.Notes on the life-history, habits, etc.of thy Imported Onion Maggot and the Reod-C'orn Maggot then follow.The means of comtrolling mot meg- gots are discussed at conaldersble \u2019 as for instance felt tarred paper discs for cabbages and eaulifiowers, cheesa- cloth frames, ¢rap erops, autumn planting.poisoned baits to destroy the adults flies, ete.Cultura) contedl and natural control are also discussed, under the latter chapter interesting information bein, given an predaceous and parasitie insec enemies.\u2018Owing to the decided scanomle m- portance of root maggots, farmere Bhould \u201cmake early \u2018dpplication for this valusble bulletin.Any farmer may obtain a copy free of charge on applice- tion to the Chief, Publications Branch, Department of Agriculture, Ottawa.Enquiries concerning injurious insects and remedies therefor should be address.pd to the \u201cThe Dominion Entomologist, Department of Agriculture, Ottaws\u201d.To this lstter officer, packages up to 11 ounces containing insects and their work may be sent free of postage.' FEEDING THE SOIL Points Considered in Selecting Fertilizer Much bas been written on the subject of feeding the soil during the last few years, but few of the articles appear to show any real comprehension of the business and the practical side of the question.The calculation of the value of 8 mixed manure by the units of nitrogen or phosphate it onntaine is only one ride of the matter.and ie really of quite secondly importance.The main question for the farmer to consider first of all is not the cost per unit of the ingredients of the manure, but the value of the nitrogen sad phosphate to him as & fermer growing crops for a living.What increase is fe likely to get in his crops for the use of 60 much super or basic slag or sulphate of ammonia, or from the use of four hundred pounds an acre of some special manure?Is it going to pay him in the increased crop?the acre of some epecial manure! Is the phosphate necessary at ail, or can we do without the nitrogen?If either or both are unnecessary, or are not likely to give a paying increase in the crop, of what consequence is their unit value?First Consiflerations.These points are, in the writer's opinion, of the utmost importance; they are indeed the foundation of the whole art of manuring, and it is only after thay have been well thought out that any question of unit values comes in The farmer must consider carefully first.whether it will pay him to use manures at all; then if he comes to the conclusion that it will, he must make up his mind whether it is phosphates, nitrogen.potash, or any combination of these that his soil and crops require, and having done this, the consideration of the unit values of the different forms of phosphates, nitrogen and potash may then be undersaken.Tens of thousands of dollars are thrown awsy every year by the use of unnecessary and unsuitable manures, or by omitting one of the ingredients that is necessary to enable the others to work to the best advantage.This latter is a very much more common source of loss than is generaly supposed, though money is also vom- monly wasted in buying manures containing unnecessary ingredients Careful Use.On many clay soils, for example, nitrogenous manures applied to grain erops, without the use of phosphates in addition, fail to produce any remunerative ipereas.in the yield of grain, though they may grow more.straw.It is even quite possible for a considerable dressing of nitrogenous manure under these circumstances to depress the yield.whereas, had phosphates been applied as well, there would have been considerable increase in both atraw and grain.In other cases, to apply phosphates alone without nitrogen, may produce no paying increase, while on soils in high condition from the nse of farmyard manure, or from the consumption on the land of a green crop by sheep, phosphates alone may give a large increas in yield.Nitrogenous manures on \u20ac good mens soils are quite unnecessary for the production of heavy crops of turnips or swedea, phosphates alone being required.while on others awedes fail to do well unless potash ean be added to the phosphates.Aguin, thers sre casts where the most satisfactory crops of turnips and swedes are grown with farmyard manure, ertificisl manures unnecessary, especially when phosphates are applied for some other crop.Production and Cost.) Such instances as these clearly ebow bow important it ie to know the particular manures or ingredients that are necessary for the best results in each case, and htoy further show how the value of an manure to the farmer may vary wit the circumstances, Of what value is sulphate to ammonia or nitrate of soda to the farmer of à clay soil whera its application to 2 grain crop is likely to reault in à depression of the yield?It fs worth nothing st all, unless be prepared to apply the phosphates too, when it will s & value.That value will be, from a practical point of view, not its cost per unit, but the value of the rate it produces y as dress! uces an increase o Fons 3 wheat per acre, what ie the value of that dressing to the farmer when wheat is seventy-five cents a bush- ol and what is its value when wheat i s dollar and s half « bushel.It je obviously worth practically twice as much in one esse se in the other, sad this important fact of the value of the increase produced, is one that must never be lost sight of whe value of « manure is en of.From hate me been said it will easily be seen that there are many other considerations in valuing manures than their unit values, th the latter are of very considerable value whem properly uted in comparing similar manures one against the other, and in sstimating the correet purchase of mixtures.A unit fe the cost value of each 1 per cent.of @ particular ingredient in 1 ton of the menure, and it is arrived at by dividing the price per ton hy the percentage contained in the case of manures supplying only one ingredient.In England st the present time the prices of nitrogen ond phosphates are nearly 50 per cent.higher than usual, and the farmer has to consider not only the cost, but she amount and velue of the Mereass they are likely to Sroduce.It may till pay him te use either nitrogen of phos.Photos, but on the other aad, the greet: est care must be taken in determining whether either or both of these stbetan.ves is required.Phosphates will is most vases pay well on grain, hay crops, and Toots.whers Phosp tes are present in suffice] yuantity and the land is bigh condition.v atin BROT THE EPNRMTS or Lowa, |! Lime 4s an important factor ia maine taining the fertility of certain farm soils.Tt is a plant food.If a soil contained no Hme, plants would not thrive upon it.Although most soîls ocontsin sufficient lime for the needs of erop, some (oil breome exhausted of ft and ja then needed not as an indirect, se à direct fertilizer.vus lime may Lenefit certain soll improving their texture.When applied.to a light, leachy soil it makes it mors retentive.When applied to & clay, has the opposite effect; the very fing soil grains are cemented together and consequently the soil is made wore porous.e practical effect is that liming: a sandy soil me it less lonchy, while liming a iff clay makes bly: the condition of both proved.A third effect of ap, oh ow is dediciant makes the plant food in the soil, especis! ly the potash, more soluble.Much pr the potash in our eoils is insoluble, he.ing \u201clocked up\" in compounds with silie.as.Lime attacks the silica and sets free the potash.it alo prevents the loss of soluble phosphoric\u201d acid in the soil The practical effect of this ie that lim.- ing may be equivalent to fertiising, for a time.But since lime supplies no potash.phosphoric acid, or nitrogen, the anil ia eventually made leas uctive, This is the basis for the old a age, \u201cLim.iby makes the father rich and the son r.The mnst important function of lime: in modern agriculturé ia to ewerten sour soils.À soil shat contains free acid is! \u201csour?or acid.@ich sails, thou they may be rich in p lant food, usual ly produce inferier crops; but if this oil neutralised by adding lime, they become produetive.There are thoussnds of acres of sour soils in the United Étates, The application of lime to such soils my do more to make them productive than the use of large amounts of commercial: fertilizers, it more erum.i greatly im.- ying Hime to a it, is that it! Practically all farm xcept watermelon, Hup, rian iy rad.to 1 blackberries, and fhe lupines, do poorly! on & sour soil: these seem to prefer it.Indian corn and rys etand it much better than the other cereals.Clover, alfalfa, beets and timothy ere almost sure te fail on sour soils\u2014 8.W.FLETCHER'S SOILS, 8.WW.Fletcher's Soils.rer SOIL TESTS FOR FARMERS.Gournees of acidity in soils, so prefusi dicial to maximum yield in most farm crops, has been found to be prevalent in many parts of Quebee.This anfavorable) condition is easily remedied by the application of ground limestone, slaked' lime, or wood ashes.From a casual! examination of soil it.is impossible to detect the d of ly nw sourness; this can be- done chemical laboratory.£o important is this question of soil.sourness that the Chemical Department of Macdonald College has undertaken to make the necessary tests for farmérs who are interested.Gamples of about: one quart representing the top 6 inches.of eoil may be sent hy mail accompanied by the following data: 1.Name end sddress of sender.2.Treatment im regard to manure and fertilisers for twd years previous.of, 3.The prevalence or otherwise sorrel.No charge will be made for the worit of exsmining and reporting en the ans Pp IS SWEBT CLOVER A WEED?Is sweet clover & weed or & form crop?In some cases it may be & weed, but in other cases it is à farm end a valuable one.From the standpoint of a weed, sweet clover is not hard to ger rid of.It produces seed the second year after sowing.That is, hod plant bas to be left undisturbed two summers before it can produce seed.; Even along roedsides thick with clever, it does not spread inf n fields.It will fork into a ow} that is left & good many years.As e farm crop sweet clover bas many ade vantages.Its growth under severe conditions make it eapecially, valuable nn poor lend for adding nitro-; css buzmus, \u2026 wa as for bay andi ure, © good other well, so, clover is not needed.however, think that it has a mission! urder such conditions, too.\u2014 North: Dakota Agricultural College.DANGER IN FACE POWDIR | With the advent of hot mnabine end! the use of to prevent the tender skin being , « word of warning (ei necessary.Bome tions of feos are: the cause of inflammation the eyes.This form of inflammation obvions ressons\u2014aimost exchmively in They will complein that the blurred ; that they cannot read or sew for any length of time; that the lids burn and itch, sometimes intolerably, end that mbbing the lids only, aggravates the Mebing.The reason for thie is thet many .of' these toilet-powders.commonly known as \u201crice powder\u201d or \u201cPoudre do Ris® contain, in addition to the rjee er, other ingrediemts which ierits the dalionts membranes of the eye.Bixteen sam of so-called rice powders were recently anelyzed, and of this number only twn consisted entirely of rie; and only six contained any rice at sil.Wi men who ere accustomed to using fase women.vison is ?lodges on the.moist eve ball.The intr « mucllaginous substance or edges behind the elie, aud roduces the ha Pince tolet artices de come an der the federal and Mote food and \u201c ward home.Beth took her smallest doll + that he had been reading.the woods, straight toward the children.THE MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS.JUNE 13, 1916 A NEW EGG LAYING AND BREEDING CONTEST A new project of great importance to the poultry industry hes taken the form of an International Egg-laying and Breeding Contest, to be conducted hy the New Jersey State Agricultural Experiment Station.It is not so many years ago that a record of 150 eggs per hen annually was considered a good production, but now there are quite a numbar of hens producing over 300 eggs in one year, Un the other hand, the average production | of the fowls of the country has creased but little, and that increase 1s more largely due to improved methods of housing, feeding genera! management than to umproved methods of breeding .Fag-laying contests have done much tn otimulate interest in egg production; in all contests really phenomenal re.oords have been produced, alan the average production for all birds in the con.trots has been remarkable.None of the contests haa been remarkable emfw ym contests conducted wo far, however, have undertaken to determine the breeding value of the birds, Thia 6 à very iw- rant aspect of the conpest work, for t is very desirable to know whether a heu will produce daughters that will lay well.This is the principal object in view in the sew International Fgg- Laying and Bresding contest which will begin Nov.1, 1916, OBJECTS OF THE CONTEST.The objects of this contest are many.In announcing the same we wish it definitely understood in the minds of all [rultrymen that this is purely an effort improve the methods, and add to the general knowledge of poultry hus.Dandry.and it is not antegonistic, in ny sense of the werd, to, any other form of poultry eadeavor.The Experiment Station believes thet by paving prester attention tr the egg producing ability of the hirds and methods of breeding for same we will develop the greatest usefulness in all of our varieties.This does not mean any les - tention -hould he given to the breeding of standard bred birds or the exhibition of same, but on the contrary, this should result in greater interest and greater enthusissm along both lines.A definite object in conducting this contest is to furnish some authentic snd accurate means wh the poultry man can demonstrate his ability to breed for a high epg ion.The breeder of exhibition birds hes the ability to demonstrate his efforts by competition in the show room.The ey laying contest, and repecially the ezz laying and breading contest, will allow him to determine and show his mastery of this additional feature of poultry breeding.The contest ae planned will provide much interesting data pertsin- ing to the much debated question aa to the profitablensse of keaping birde during their yearling or second produe- ing season.Ib will also answer the question of whether the first year's production, and especially the pullet production during the winter, is a fair measury of the total fecundity possible in a given individmal.Ît will also give us much valmble records, mvening the amount, cost and durstion of egg production from which very important eon clusions can be drawn.The breeding feature of this contest will provide for the securing of valu: able data pertaining to the mode of inheritance of feeundity.The relative value of the mele and the female in transmitting tn their dsugntars the power of ferndity will be studied.The great mess of data accumulated from so many breeds snd individuals will be of inestimable value in this project.This contest will call to the attention of the poultry producing public the fundamen: tal tact that hens differ materially in their produetion.and it wil point to the fact which will \u2018anable the datermin- ing of the high producing and the low roducing ens; which when oommercisl- y applied will mean the determining of the profitable and non-profitabl- birds.This contest will serve the purpose af the poultryman the same as does the Cow Teeting Association serve the dairyman.One of the very material objects of thin contest is to return to the owner the stock, together with records and other data which are unquestionable as to their accuracy.Not only will the original females with a pedigree production of two be returned to him, but at the end of the contest the pullets or denghters of these hens, with their pullet production will he retmraed.In addition the owner will have the cockerel used in tha breeding work the seront spring.the gametie constitution of which, if so far as fecundity is concerned, will be known.Lastly, we appreciated thet this omm- test will have advertising merits to the contestant that will be of the greatest vine.The contest is, however, run \u2014 ing of practical Îtry conditions and which when applied commercially wilt muke possible a greater and more profit able poultry dusty.RULES AND REGULATIONS.1.This competition shall be known 25 the Vineland Internstional Fgg Laying and Breeding Contest.conducted by the New Jersey Agriculture) Experiment Station st Vineland, NJ.Thr conteat will begin Nov.|, 1916, snd extend for & period of three years, ending Oct.31, 1919.2.The Poultry Department of the Agricuitural Experiment Station will have entire charge of the enntast.None but those in the regular employ of the Experiment Station will be allowed to carry on the contest.The superintendent and foreman will be regular mem- bara of the poultry staff of the Etate Agricultural Experiment Station AN records, including - laid.weight of Legge, amount fed.duration of moult, frequency of brondy periode, ete.will become a part of the regular records of said Fxperiment Station.This data, together will afl other data will be published from time to time in the regu- far reports and bulletins of that inatitu- tion.\u2018These facts see a suffiuent guar antee of the hanesty and fairness of the contest.3.Fach entry shall consist of à pen of ten pure bred pullets; the male bird being supplied by the owner Mareh 1, 1016, The puilets entered must be hatched during the dates of January |.1918, and July 1, 1914.The date on which the pulleta were hatched must he given in order to add to the experimen: tal data.4.The contest shall continue for a periecul of three years.A.The plan of the contest shall be to trap-nest ten pullets in each competing n for the year 1016-1017, and the year {oir tous, the latter year heing their yearling or sreond During March, April and May of 1918 thess hems will mated to a male bird furnished hy the owner, and one hundred ogee from each pen will be hatched in a mammoth incubator, and se far sa possible ten epgs from each hen will he ineuhated., The chicks will be bronded in colony breoder stoves.Prom these hirds eo hatched, ten pullete, one from each hen in so far as ible, will be selected in the fall of 1018, and trom November 1, INIR, to October 31, 1919, these pullets will be placed in the pens occupied by their paremt stock, and will be trap-nested during the interum.The original pen will be returned to the owner November 1, 191R.These are but à few of the more important rules and regulations of the \u2018rontest.Substantial prizes are bei offered for the best producing pess for the various breeds and varieties Further information will be supplied by Mr.M.A.Jull, Poultry Department.Maodonsid College, Que.who is one of the directors of the contest.year luction \u2014_ REASONS FOR SELE CTING MY VARIETY (By P.H.Grigsby.Glouster, 0.) + My reasons for breeding the Barred Re are, in the order in whiel they primarily for the gainftig of knowledge appealed to me, entertainment, beauty, which will give us a better understand- A PROTECTOR \u201cPhere may be Indians in these woods right now.\u201d said Jack, as he and Beth were walking by a small patch of oaks.Peth \u2018ean taking her family of dolls out for a» wiring, and Jack was pushing the tart.Beth mew that there had been no Indians im the neighborhood for twenty ears\u2014her father had told ber so; but th said that they might have come back again.It was a cold, cloudy afternoon.\u201cLet\u2019e walk to the end of the woods, and\u2019 maybe we'll see an Indien,\u201d said Jack.He was ten, two years older than hia little playmate, and be had read many stories about Indians.\u201cAN right,\u201d replied Beth, mot yet really afraid.\u201cThey are apt to come creeping through the woods just at night\u201d he continued, \u201chun for children.And maybe they stesl little girls and carry them away to the big pine forest and never let them go home agsin\u2014-1 don't know.\u201d Beth began to feel that there might possibly be eomething in what Jack said.\u201cIndians might be hiding in these woods even now,\u201d added Jack.Beth longed to run home.The thought of Jack and her family in the eart alone restrained ber.\u201cDon\u2019t you worry, Beth,\u201d esid Jack when he aaw that she was becoming frightened.\u201cThe Indians won't get you dims $et You ek Tudor eng, \"TR your pre teetor.\u201d .It was nearly dark when they reached the end of the woods and turned to- from the cart, and carried it, for she felt that Angelina must be stiff with fear.Jack was telling u long Indian story Beth listened uneasily and pressed Angelina to her rapdly beating heart.dry oak leaves rustled, and suddenly thers was a breaking of branches and a dark form came bounding through Beth, white with fear, grabbed Rose Lilian, tbe twine, and Esther May from.the cart, and held them, with Angelina, is her protecting arms.av 1% YOO[ WO SAR top que coming, 4 eu turned AU Cas for home as fast as he could.\u201cJackie, O Jackie, come back\u201d cried Beth, but Jack did not stop.Then brave little Beth put her family back in the doll-cart and went up to the awful thing: for it was only Dixie, Jack's old pony, that had got loose, and, hearing Jack's voice, had started toward When the danger was over, Jack came back, for his curiosity was great.\u201c1 was only fooling about Indians, Beth,\u201d eaid Jack in a queer voice.It was hard for him to own up.Then he ed the doll-cart and let Beth ride the pony home, which was a great sacrifice on- his part.\u201cJackie is sorry that he frightened me, or he wouldn't let me ride Dixie,\u201d thought generous Beth.\u2014 New York \u201cChristian Advocate.\u201d \u2014\u2014remmemmnms PREPARING FOR THE JOURNEY.\u201cAlthough the bird-traveller has no trunk to pack, guide-book to study, or ticket to buy, still he must make some preparations for the journey.\u201cThe warbler, which nests in Alasks and passes the winter in northern South America, should not hegin an eight.thousand-mile voyage through the air over mountains, plains, and sess unless its engine is in good order and it has a proper supply of fuel.\u2018\u2018\u2019But.\u2019 you ask, \u2018what is à hird\u2019s engine, and where does it carry fuel?\u201cA bird's engine is really its wings and the muscles which move them.It is one of the moat perfect engines in the world.Tt is simple but strong; it works easily, hut it is powerful.and rarely gets out of order \u201cPor many years man tried to make flying-macthfnes which should have wings like those of birds.But he never sur.oseded.He could not make even a feather! Finally, he discovered that if he would make & machine that would fly, he must give it wings and an engine.So he constructed sn aeroplane which has wide stiff wings, or \u2018planes\u2019 mes.suring about thirty feet from tip to tip.\u2019 These wings cannot be flapped.and, in themselves, they furnish no power.But ta them man added an engine, drives by gasoline and electricity.The engine turns a long-bladed gropellsr whioh urges the aeroplane forward, while the planes support it when it is in motion.\u201cBut à hird'a wing, we must remember, is both piane and engine.Tt gives nd oo , orderly a [RI] PEERLESS LAWN FENCING Enhances Property Values BEAUTIFUL lawa fence gives any piece of y that symmetrical, pless- ce that not only affords ite owner a keent sense of pleasure ion while occupying the premises, but when offered for sale, it brings a better price.It\u2019s an investment \u2014not an expense.Ornamental Fonolng is made of strong.sti, grlvanised wire that will nat sag, Ju addition to getvanising, every strand Is paint.thus forming the best possi! against rust, made in several ries, boids its shape for AE Br Hen aon The F ven à costinæ sine ena mou res 1 Fence is asd Peerless Ornaments! It's easy to erect support well sa power.It is therefore, s Tar more remarkable machine than the one made by man.\u201d\u2014Frank M.Chapman, in \u2018Et Nicholas.\u201d HIS LIFE SAVED BY HIS DOG.Kelley, an Irish setter, saved his moster\u2019s life one night last winter when the latter broke through tie ice and came near drowning.This is how it ha ed: .7 Bee Church, a farmer and stock- rainer of Richfield, 1daho, was visiting in Shoshone.(Mme vening he set out for a friend's house along with Kelley by a short cut across the river.He lac proceeded about half-way oves the stream when the ice gave way under hin weight and he was plunged into deep water.As fast as he attempted to pull himself up the ice broke and the swift cur rent threstemed every minute to carry him under the ice.But Kefi®y, ever faithful, wae right at hand, saw the desperate plight his master was in, and did the hest he could to render help.ife pulled and tugged at his master's clothes, but succeeded only in bresking in a bigger Imle around him.After some minutes of struggling and finally getting a good on the edges of the He, Mr.Church shouted to Kelley to go for help.The dog lest no time in returning to the place whers Mr.Church had lsat visited and hs his yelps and frantic actions astract- od attentioh and quickly convinced aev- eral persons that he and his master were in dire need of assistance.Mr.Church was well nigh exhausted when human help arrived and pulled him out of the water.Kelley.was nearly beside himself with joy over his master's rescue and expressed his pleasure and titude with the heartiest of tail-w 3 a HOW MIRACLES ABOUND, (By Clinton Scollard.) How miracles abound In each small plot of ground!\u2014 Aye, in the sky above it! {De you not love it, The vast of sky s-thrill with lyrie sound!) Now comes, now The wonder of the rose: - Color ot flower, and bofh a boon Kenewed with dawn or June, Fach day the hyacinthine twilight fille The chalice of the hills.Fver there's some fresh nectary For the knight-errant bee.And song\u2014sh, the blithe bounty that sheds besuty On the stern ways of duty! Forsooth, the doctrine's sound That miracles «bound! F'en the green , Yea, or the umbered clod | Revealeth God! It fs Christlike to keep our sorrow from needlessly shadowing the lives of others.It Is well to he reticent, equable, self-controlled.It le better to accept one's Int in silence and with 8 sweet resignation.It is best of sil to greet the unseen with a cheer, and to be persuaded that though à cross- outline itself before us.it is the will of and all .W.dos 1 voler.W.M \u2019 and the diffieulty\u201d of reading high class apacimens When | first took np the hresding of high-class poultry, my occupation was that of etationary engineer, hoisting con) at a coal mine.This is a work ich is very steady, mnnotonoue ard rying, end Jt wae as a means of reinxation for evemings, holidays and Kundays that I started hack-lot paul: trs kerping.1 have found it to be fascinating, healthful, entertaining and profitable.It ie eapecially conducive to the lieslth of 8 man and woman whose work compels them to remain Jniocors during working hours, for in the morning one arises earlier and spends s short time in the fresh air before breakfast in attending to the flock snd the evenings are generally spent our of doors in the same way.J have made it a point to make rare.ful matings in my peus, and | make some small matings experimentally, carefully marking each ogg and chick, so | know the exact parentage of mach.I: ie & source of absorhing interest to me to wach the re rach mating from the time the chick feathers appesr through the d ffarent stages of feathering and development until the bird is fully matured and conditioned ready for the show room.Then comes the supreme moment th thrill of vie tory of winning the ribhone, which is worth more to the true fancier than the entire profits from a utility flock for | the whole season 1 regard the exhibition of birds a Îit- tle differently, perhaps, than some Ao.To me it in not the birds that are on trial, but their owners.\\Vhen we exhibit our birds we place the results of cur skill, thought, experience and labor in competition with that of nur fellow exhibitors.And the victory shows who ius learned the most.studie] the deep est, end worked to the leat advantage It is not the strain that gives the vie tory, but the man behind the strain.An to the beauty of the Barred Rock, they are second to none.being always bright and clean looking.and with their uniformity of tvpe and narrow ringlet barring, they are a feast for the eyes sither ut home in the yard or to display in the show room.The ideal éolor of a Barred Rock is nard to describe.In fact it cannot be aceurately described, in worde.It must be seen to be appreciated.I'he Standard calls for light and dark \u2018bars of equal width.e .light hars to be grayish \u2018white, and the dark hars stopping just short of positite black.Now there are several shades of grayish wl:ite, also saveral shades of black, and tley are very confusing to the amateur.It is hard for him, many times, to get the proper shades of color fixed in his mind.At first a bird with sharply de- fired black and white barring looked good to me, Lut I soon learned it was not what | wanted when | saw one with that grayish whit eolor crossed with regular soft black bars extending to the skin\u2014a thing\u201d which is difficult of attainment with this shade of color.The Standard type of the Barred Rock I consider the most heuwntiful of ny of the Standard breeds of poultry.When we produce a bird close to the Standard description, with its bluish appearance (when viewed under certain light conditions).yellow legs and beaks: bright red eyes, comb and wattles: giving it a gay contrast of colors, we have, in my opinion, the most beautiful Stan- dard-bred fowl on earth.When I stand cortemplating such a specimen, I can enly express my feeling in the words of the poet: \"A : \u201cA thing of bexuty is a joy forever: Ics lovhiness increases; it will never Pses into nothingness\u201d My third reason for selecting this variety is the interesting problems of breeding to be met overcome This is a variety where like does not produce like and many factors enter into the problem of matin Practically alt ex- ibition Barred Rocks are the produe: of the double mating system.his re- cuires a second mating.to produce niules of exhibition color and vice versa.Tt is not necesarry to go into a de- seription here of the methods employed, un it has so frequently been described in the poultry press.There are many pointe to be considered in mating to produce high class srecimens.Line breeding to a certain exten necessary, and good judgme sliould be exercised in makin, Te men irgs.Defects must be avoided.Color is & point that requires the mon: care- fu) consideration.Birds with a hrown.ish tinge.brassiness.weak or emuttr undercolor mated with like defects wiil reproduce these defects in the offspring.Th best plan is to use fewer birds and mate oaly the baat vou have rather than to try to counterart defects in one hird« by strong points in another.The proper blending of colors to produeq eprd exhibition birds «an be learned only by experiesce.Most important ag\u201d of his hivds for severa: generations back or all his calculations may ve upset Une breeder cannot, as & rule, surcessfully mate amother\u2019s birds, us- lres he has been intimately acqua with them for several generations.So in conclusion let me say, breed Barred Plymouth Rocks for their.beauty, for the probleme connected with their breeding and the satisfertion of solving them and producing prise winning speci mens.| have tried many forms of amusement to while away the time outside of working hours; the ball room with ils simpering dudes an dempty-headed butterflies of fashion: the gilded saloon ith moments of exhilaration and re- ant headache; the theatre and now more generally patronized \u201cmovies.\u201d aa well as many other forms of amusement, but they all pale to insignificance ta the genuine enjoyment which 1 de rive from the time spent with, or in the interests of my flock of Barred Plymouth Rocks.A GROWING BUSINESS To anyone who haa not carefully followed the direction of poultry develop.mant in Canada, an understanding of the status which the poultry industry has now reached must constitute a die tint surprise.Whether viewed from the standpoint of the farmer or of the produce trade, it is now one of the heet organized and mnet progressive of any of our live stork industriss.Ch.apar.ation amongst farmers in marketing in improving the pmduct and realizing for them a higher pri than they have hitherta heen ahle to ohtein.The reorganization of methods by the trade u providing ugainat bse in handling, is amuring to the consumer à better article and establishing our export busi.ners upon a firm basis, It is estimated that Canada and Ouba, during the last twenty years.received fron the T'nited States about three-fourths of all the eggs exported by that emmtry during that period.This situation, however, has now .ed.As against an importation in 1913 of 13.240, 1]1 dozen, we imported in 1915 not more than 3,783.952 dozen.On the other hand, while in 1913 we exported only 147,148 dozen, in 1915 we exported 7,RAR.322 dozen.This constitutes « net increase in tion in twn Years of at least 17,100.000 dosen.Practically all of theme exports ment to the United Kingdom.Notwithstanding the surplus in Canada which these figures indicate, prices during March, April and May have remained at an extraordinarily high level.For the first quarter of the vear 1918, the price to producers, selling en-oper- atively, has been at least de in advance of the price received, for the same per iod, in 1915.For the month of March it was at least 3c in advance, and for the month of April at least 3c in advance of last year's price for there re- wpective months.The demand for eggs for local consumption, for storage purposes and for immediate export, has rarely heen an keen we at the present moment.THis situation is clearly re.Aawagg \u2018pmonb yenl d auy ut a domestic consumption \u2018in the face! of the high price for meata.partly explains \"trie condition.Confidence in the export demand.on the part of the produce trade, confirms it from another diree.tion.Notwithstanding increased pro- dution, the ar and poultry business n Canada is in a stro ition at the present time.ne Po Under these decumetances we believe that it will he a very wise practice to reise as many chickens as it is possible or practicable to handle.Perir hatched chicks make gnod winter layers.Rough grains will probably be produced in sbundance in Canada this rear, and the feeding of poultry at a profit should be meterially assisted from this source.Egge at winter prices are a ving proposition in any event.Poultry, alive or dressed.under present or prospectis.merket conditions, can wnquestiomably be reared and finished at a decided profit.A gond flock of poultry.if careful: Iv handled, will serve to prevent wast- on the farm and promate ecomomy in living expenses, mich as is particularly necessary when ofl farm weds are bemoming eo merkeézhle _ dear Provincial Pen.Owner.4\u2014J.Thompenn 8\u2014C.C.Pwing, Lacombe, Alta .14\u2014-A.R.Gill'es.Chver Bar, Alts 10\u2014Flovd Lawler.1037 Mth ave, À 13D.P.Woodruff, M 16-7.M.Waligce, 100] th, Alte .18\u20147.R.Beer, Land Office, Calgary .17\u2014P.A.Quants, Lamont, Ade 23\u2014Hugh 18\u2014Mrs.1.J.Skelitzky, Viking .we the folowing hena: No.38.in hens laid 24 eggs cach: 3 he.all in for both veristies.Correction: \u2014In the Fifth Report J.SMACKLETOX, Monager oi Peultry Plant.&\u2014£.H.Jones, Cieneral Delivery.Calgary.& Some.High River, Alta Le, 2\u2014Nel Linden, Wetackiwin, Aa .31.H.Reagan, 10724 7Mth ave.&.FA 3\u2014T 0.Scott, 11725 fig Ât.Fémonton.1\u2014E.H.Young & Sons.DeWinton, Alta.7\u20147.H.Regan, 19726 7Mh ave, 8.Fdm.B.22\u2014T.H.Halford, 1208 107th Mt.Fdm.24\u2014P.Rtevens 2208 11th ave, W.Calgary.21\u2014A.Fowler, 2M Morrie Rt.Edmonton.\u201d 125th At.Edm.Barred 111.F.Swanson.West Edmonton .19\u2014Mre.- (7.W.Reott.Inniefadl, Aka .12-X.Northwood, 127 14th ave.W.Calgary .White Thottes |.Jones, 2402 Hosting 8t., Ein?20\u2014F.Sillitor, 1nA68 105th St, Kdmonton .ing the month.Hivhest individual record to date je 107 exga wright varieties, laid by hen VA.in pen 6.Highest individual weiaht variation ie 122 enge, laid by hen 49, in pen 7, which te nleo the highest and should here becs 306, 98d Am bean rectified in Shia report END OF HALF YEAR OF EGG LAYING COMPETITION re Rewnd Provincial Egg-leying Contest.heM unde anpervi tment of Agriculture, at the 5 She rato of th Grounds, §.Fdmentod, Ale, from Nov.13, 1915, te October 14, 1910, Poultrs Plant.University Total Fgus laid from April 15th to May l4th, Ime.OLASS !-NON-WEIGHI VARIETIES, SIX BIRDS TO A PFN.CLASE 2\u2014WEIGHT VARIETIES, 8IX BIRDS TO A PEN.Fags Total Breed.in month.Egyrs.ae W.Leghorns.124 430 Rl Taghorne.135 432 .W Leghorns .114 \"2 .W, Leghorns.03 Be ee W.Laghoens .122 204 oc.W.Leghorns.\u2019 115 2% 21 an i .T 470 Fim one 447 White Dottes.07 a.White Tottes.112 406 .0¢.Rede .°° 226 Barred Rocks.111 ses Rocke.114- 265 +.W.Wrandottes.12% 262 ee Reds .104 ue vo +.Borred Rooks .#7 341 .Barred Rocks .M 34 87° 30 8.L.Dottea .M 04 Barred Rocks.192 222 + e Reda.03 en Summary:\u20142,503 egps vere laid during the month, including 7 Mid out nf the traps.There dere 174 exge lesa than last month.Total age laid to date, A680, which includes M exge laid out of the traps since the meneed.Average per hen for month, 10.27.Totel average to The highest pen record for the month fa 133 eggs.laid by pen 4, in the non- variation.Highest record in the weight varietion.127 eggs.Wid hy pen No.14.Highrot individual record for the month le 26 eggs, Waid by ech nf pen 4, No, AG, in nen 11, and No.49, in peu 7.Hen No.Al.in pen 22, and hen No.14.in pen 23, nid 25 cure each.Neven itimn comte, 6380 ogpe.teh weight varieties, were broody dur- in the no.record in «age laid by pen 17 were given os 237, .W.POLEY.Poultry Enpesiptendent.toe of all, the breeder must know the lime.- will be inserted without display FARMERS\u2019 SALES AND WANTS ADVERTISING RATRS.\u2014Under this hesding advertisements at a cash-with-the-order rate of one cent a word per insertion, twenty-five cents being the minimum ! amount of an order for a single insertion, and forty cents the à number or & single letter to t& following Weekly Edition.POULTRY POULTRY BUPPLIES.ee FÜR $295 YOU CAN BUILD, SIM lest, fireproof, ratproof, windproof hesren BROODER runs week without attention to heater; hoy can build ane .n an hour; saw, hammer, al! tools needed Easy directions; 25¢ postpaid.RADIO CO, Box 1704 \u201cFE,\u201d Winnipeg.Manitoba.14-12 OA SPROT'TER, 8195.DOUBLES egg yield, cuts feed bill in half.Bay can make one in an evening: saw hammer, all tools needed.Easy directions: 23+ post paid.RADIC En, Box 1764 \u2018E\u201d Winnipeg.Maai- tobe.14.12 \u2014 ANDALUSIANS.F100 PER SETTING, BLUE ANDALU.sians and Wiite Orpingtons.Fees from choice ina\u2019ings.Settings mix- et if desired.E.CARSWELL, Grafton, \u2018mt.216 ! ANCONAS.Less HATCHING FAGS REDULED 00% fertile Fheppard's Rose and Single- comb Anconas, Sicilian Buttercupe All, $300; $200, fifteen, Pure hred vearling cocks, laying hens, six end Aght-week chicks for sale.Write your wants now.À.C.APPS, Brant- ford, Ont.214 BARRED ROCKS.PURE BRED BARRED ROCKS EGGE Macdonald College and ©.A.College strains: bred to lay; 81, fifteen: 84.hundred.Mammoth Pekin Pack egar, $1.eleven: 25e extra il sent by parcel post.RALPR M.WALLACE, Spencerville, R.R.3, Ontar\u2019> 21.8 ss LIVE STOCK, \u2014_\u2014 a BPRKSHIRER OF THE Large Eng \u201clish type of high quality and breeding.Prolific strain Same each sex, four months.at eighteen dollars.far early delivery.W., C.PEARCE Heneall, Ontario, 23.6 \u2014-\u2014 FOR SALE \u2014 REGISTERED POLAND Chins boars.sows and young pige.R.P.ROOD, Millet, Alberta.216 AYRSHIRE BULL, 2 MONTHS NLD, whose dam was a prize winner at Toronto National Dairy Show, fer £30.Alen, Aberdeen Angus males and females all ages.ALEN.Me- KINNEY, Erin, Ont.ne FOR SALE \u2014 FEW YNUNG Holstein bulls.registered, irom one to ten months old.Apply te LOUIS.J.BEAUREGARD, Sutton, Brome Cty.PQ.23.6 FARMS FOR SALE ' FOR SALE \u2014 THREE FARMS, ADjoining, near Englehart; three miles from Boston Creek mining district; half mile from railway station.ne has gold vein.* J.H.FIELD, Engle: hart, New Ontario.NINE ACRES CLEARED.FEM'ED.Al land.2 acres orchard, apples, pesrs, plums, peaches, cherrica.Modern house, 7 rooms.hath, toilet.not and cold water, electric light.Rural mail delivery.Telephone.Barn, chicken houses; 1-2 mile to church.school: town one mile.(lore to B CE.and CNR.stations and Chilli: werk City.Good neighbors and good roads.A lovely home.Particulare.apply, J.L.HENRY, Sardis, B.C.24.6 FOR SALE, 470 ACRES, INCLUDING egal farm.with substantia! Inaild- ings.Ruitahle sheep, heef cattle, dairring.Mild winters, good grazing.Fine fruit grown.Quick sale for produce at good prices, Anplr, owner, A.G.LANG, Waneta, West Kootenay, B.C.23.8 minimum amount for orders of more thas one insertion.SIX | consecutive prepaid insertions will be given for the price of FOUR be counted as one word.When replies are to be addressed in care of the \u2018Witness\u2019 Office, an addi- el of twenty-five cents is made.OT yor insertion in these columns should be in the | Office not later than Friday morning to secure proper classification \u2018Witness\u2019 PEKIN DUCKS.EGGS FOR HATCHING MAMMOTH Pekin Duex egus.31.50 per fifteen LAWRENCE FUWLER, Mt.Vernon P.O, Ont.17.10 GAMFS BUFF LEGHORN & THE BEST nf the season, A200 fifteen egge.Étork for sale.Write for list.JE.GRIFFIN, Dunnville.tint.237 RHODE ISLAND REDS.BEAUTIFUL SINGLE COMER RRODB Island Reds.Famous strain.Heavy winter lavere Fifteen large spe cially selected hatching eggs, $1.50.High fertihes.DR.F.DRY, Delhi, mtario.20.8 2n WHITE WYANDOTTE YEARLING Hens, at 81.25 each Winter Iayera Fggs, Dorcas Rega! Bland.$125 and 81.50 for 15; $8.60 and $7.00 for 100.LY.Fleasant View Poul , Cannington, Ont.20.7 WHIT.ro ot \u2014 SELECTed matings À high-claas poy lay A 8 ing stack.Regal atrain.Eggs iy packed, $1.25 per fifteen.McPHAIL, Galt, Ont, RR.4.238 WHITE TANDOTTES \u2014 EGGS FOR hatching.81 50 per setting of 15.J.C TALDWIN, RR.No.1, Gorrie, On- tario.196 TURKEYS.EGGS FROM MAMMOTH BRONZE Turkeys.Canad best, 84.for 9.My turkey won 16 ribbons and à cial at the last Guelph show.Also eg-» from Indian Runner Ducks, fawn and white.exhibition stock, 82 for 13, T.J.COLE, RR.3, Bowmanille, One tario.208 EGGS FOR HATCHING.EGGS, HALF PRICE, $100 PER FIP- teen.8400 per hundred, from champion dual purpose Harred and Bult Plvmenth Rocks, W.J.JOHNSTON, Box 246, Meaford, Ont.21e MISCELLANEOUS.RHODE ISLAND REDS.§ C.W, LEGhorns, Rarred Pivmonth Rocks and White Wrandottes.Hatching eggs - and breeding atnck for sale.All stock guarantced 2s represented.A visit to eur \u2018arm solicited.ST.JEROVWE POULTRY FARM.A DELCORDE, Manager, Ft.Jerome.Que.2086.SITUATIONS VACANT.BAKER WANTED AT ONCE.FIRST class on bresd State wages and board.WARD WEAVER, Meteslf, Ont AGENTS WANTED.BOYS AND GIRLS MAKE 31 SELLing 25 packages Empire Court Pies- ter.Three colors.Antiseptic.Sells quick at 10c each, Mvder now.Bend no money until sold.VINCENT DAVIS, Box B, Reebe.Que.20.6 EDUCATIONAL.THE DERRISAY METHOD IS THE Royal Rosi to Latin.French, German, Spanish.Thorough mail courses Students everywhere, Highest re feren- ws.ACADPEMIE DeBRIFAY, o Ottawa, Ont.4.58 STRAWRERRY AND RASPBERRY PLANTS, STRAWBERRY.100, 70 CENTS; CURE rants, 10 cents; Gonreberries, 18 cents Carriage paid.Catalogue free.Bahr chicks, Hatching eggs, Hares.CHARLES PROVAN, lange ley Fort, B.C.2018 FOR SALE.CHEAP, ENGINES, 20 OF VARIOUS S172 marine and stationary.Send sts.GUARANTEE MOTOR Hamilton, Ont.iB FRUIT LAND \u2014 IN TRACTS FIVE acres and up, gnod soil.good location, plenty good water.Fanv terms.Ap- px BELLE VUE FARM, Belford.216 CALIFORNIA LITTLE SUBURBAN farms for sale, suitable for poultry, fruit and garden.Easy pavments.Write, £.RX.WAITE, Shawnee, Ok- lahoms 206 GOOD IMPROVED QUARTER SECtion.4 miles from Camrose.Price 85,000.Terms srranged.Far par- tieulars, write JOHN A.ERICKAON, Box 60, Camrose.Alta.ne eee FARM FOR SALE \u2014LOT 18 CON.4 One hundred acres five miles from Port Figin.two miles from Turnar's Station on G.T.Barn 80 x 50, hage- ment, etables: brick house It in terested, write, JAMES CLARK, RR.% Port Elgin, Ont.ne \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 FOR RALE.nALF REC [ION, 105 miles west of Winnipeg: 100 head of est.tle: some exrhange.\u2018lerms eaay.Apply, owner, Box 13, Carberry, Men.Id DOGS FOR SALE TRE TWENTIÊTH CENTURY AIRE dales are known the world over From ten dollars up.1832 Dundas street, Toronto.208 OORANG AND MARVEL AIREDALE Pediggeed Puppies.The 20th Century All-Round Dog - R.I.GODFREY.Oorsag and Marvel Kennel, Bassano, Als.\u2014.ny | = PROPERTY FOR SALE.ee TWO COUNTRY HOMES NEAR TOe tonte.1.Smal\u2019 frame house, stable, with 7 acres; small payment down, halance arranged 2 10 roomed frame house, electric light, furnses, water; barn, orchard.emall fruits.set: 8 to A acres goes with this house.In aering state what rou ate prepa to An Pr , is 114 miles west of Oshawa.posit \u20ac FOLLEST, P.N.Box 408.Oshawa, Ont.tH FOR SALE.WELIR LOCATED WITH A RELIA.He instrument.Address, M.POX, Roblin, Man, 26 SITUATIONR VACANT.AGENTS \u2014 RALARY AND COMMIS.sian, to sell Red Tag Rtock.Com plete exclusive lines.Knecially hardy.Grown only hy 1.Sold only bv our agents.Flepant free samples.Write now te DOMINION NURSERIES, Montreal.24.30 \u2014_\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 A life which keens a stream in full strong finod must he fed from never- falling streams.Christ sought soll tude.calm and refreshment on the mountain top, tesching us the high\u2019 value of the quiet seasons of the soul Religious retreat in part of any sotive and evangelising ministry \u2014Dr.W.M.Clow, of Giasgow, Bcotland, ia Mis \u201cSecret of the lord.\u201d \u201cStill ne + M himself is priced ' Yor tity pieces Judes void * Kimeeld, sot Chriet.® weed i om nll tre 2 \u2014 \u2014 | LITERARY REVIEW PROBLEM OF THE COMMONWEALTH The value of this painstaking study of the Imperial problem which the war has forced on the attention of the Brit- fon peoples Îles in the lucid statement of the present anomalous position and the revelation by the author seein- ingly almost uncousctously of the immense dificulties which bar the way to clossr co-operstion in matters of foreign policy, defence, and finance.\u201cThe Problem of the Commonwealth.\u201d (Macmillan), ap 1s explained in the preface, has heen written under peculiar circumstances.\u201cln 1910 groups of men belonging to all politicat parties were formed in various centres in Canada, Australia, New Zealand.and South Africa for studying the Imperial problem.Other groups were subsequently brought into existence in the United Kingdom.India and Newfoundland.and they all came to be known informally as Round Table | groups, from the name of the quarterly magazine instituted by their members as a medium of mutual information on Imperial affairs.\u201d The task of preparing or editing s comprehensive report on the problem was undertaken by Nr.L Curtis, and the present volume wiil be followed by another.somewhat longer, entitled \u201cThe Commonwealth of Nations.\u201d While availing himself of this wealth of council.Mr.Curtis, who writes lucidiv.takes pale reapoñatbility for the views expressed and the form of their expression It may.indeed.he that he le rather the victim than the hero of the method by which the haok has been prepared, for it suffers from the length of its perind of {incubation and the va Vous stages through which it has evidently passed hefore nering the light.British politics are essentially practical and elastic, and hence the British Constitution is unwritten, whereas the conclusions to which Mr, Curtis and his friends have come are, we fray, at present unpractical and lacking in eissticity, AN IMPERIAL GOVERNMENT.The author, after an elabnrate and Most interesting study of the problem in lta various agpects, reaches sundry definite «nnclusions.He discusses in these words the conditions \u201cwhich cannot he evaded: \u201c110 At present the imperial Government ia sadiled with dual functions which nist he separated.The greater part of then.matters relating to the social and domestic affairs of the British lsies.must he relegated to a government the counterpart of those already in charge of such matters in the Oversea Dominions.There must be a separate Cabinet and a separate Parliament responsible to the electorate of the United Kingdom for its own domestic affairs.\u201c12+ The Foreign OfMce.the Admi- raity.the War Office, the India Office.and the Crown Colony side of the Colonial Office.together with a ministry of Imperial finance.must be represented in the Imperial l'abinet responsilile to an Imperial Parliament elected from all those Dominions whase pen- le have decided tn assume control of loreign affairs without forgoing thetr status as British mubjecta.This Far- lisment must retain all the powers at present exercized through those off.ces.and must slan retain the power of voting any funds which, in its opirian.are necessary for the conduct of foreign affairs and defence.\u201c(3) The Imperial Cabinet must retain its existing power of distraining oa individual taxpayers for the pav.ment of those funds, and tha: nower must of necessity apply tn taxpavers in the Overseas Nomininng as well as in the United Kingdom.At preaent the electorates of the United Kingdom 8nd also of the Demininn ssubfec: to the taxing powers of the provinces and Btatea in Canada and Australia) can severally determine the tail quansity of taxation to he harne by each of those countries.Ry consenting to modify that right.and by sharing ft &mongst themeelvez, and in no ntjer way.can British subject: in al] these Dominions share in contrallir | their foreign affairs.The exclusive right of taxation now enjoved hy mach DNa- Minion government in itr own jurfe- diction fe incompatible with the final achievement of responsible government by British snhiects in all these conntries.To atrain responsible government they must either forge thix exclusive right.or else forge their status citizens of the Greatest ('om- mon Ith that the world has geen.There is no middle way, and it in idle, ga well an dangernus, to mask the alternatives before us.The finai right to determine the quantity of taxation must he shared The power of deter- Wining its quality can he left, where it now rests.with Dominion Parlia- | ments.\u201d .\u201cA MERE DISORGANIZATION.\" That.in à few wards, is the deacrip- tion of the new Imperial fabrice which it is suggested must be adopted, or the THE MEMOIRS OF \u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014\u2014 The secret memoirp of \u2018ount Hayashi, G.C.V.0.edited by A.M.Pooley.Ion.don, Eveleigh Nash, 10s.6d.net.Most of us remember Count Hayashi.who was so long in London as th.n- enese Minister and then Ambassador, for the change of status took place in As time, a compliment to the Anglo- ness Alliance, of which he was a ohief maker.Quite a stir was made a year or sn ago when parts of bis \u201cMemoirs.\u201d telling how the Alliance was Drought about, were made public.$ British Empire will go to perdition.It is not apparent that the author, by the very specific declaration of the policy he commends, has revealed the serious character of the objections to jany such cut-and-dried scheme?He | has worked out a logical plan; there is nothing more tllogical than British { political methods.The British Fm- pire was not created.but it just occur- I ft is, as Bir Robert Borden has in some respects a mere it too late to j press it into any existing mould\u2014 American, German, or Swiss.The policy of \u2018Wait and see\u201d ig sometimes, though not always, the highest win- dom.There can be no change in Im- pertal relations and Imperial organization until the impetun of public opinion, here and in the Dominions, (has been mupplied.and in the meantime the leaven is working.The \u201cPro- | blem of the Commonwealth\u201d will assist in directing attention to the greatest of all British questions, and for that reason we welcome It, while doubting the practicability of writer's proposals.which would, in effect.be a chamge in name rather \"than in fact.At ts foundation the Im- | perial problem is one of ideals, popu- \u201clation.and wealth.All parts of the empire.as the war has exhibited, glory in the British conception of freedom - national, communal, and individual.But on the other hand, there is no halance in population or wealth as between the Mother Country and ! sother parts of the King's Dominions.Forty-five million white people inhabit the British Isles.and only about 15,000,000 at moat are to be found in all the rest of the Empire.The disproportion in wealth is at least as great.(Consequently.any scheme of Imperial co-operation based on papu- Iation of wealth would leave the real power in the hands of the people of the Pritish Ikles, thouzh it might give representation to the Dominions.In other words, the oversea portions of [an Empire, jealous of their autonomy, red; suggested, , disorganization.\u201d and particularly of the control of the purse, wonid look with some suspicion lon any measure which to any serinus {extent limited their freedom while granting them a larger share in the Imperial Councils.SLOW DEVELOPMENT.| 1s the solution of the Imperial pre- blem therefore impossible?Not hy any means.The British Empire fa the {product of evolution, and not revolu- (tion.It has grown slowly and surely.Ita machinery har developed as circumstances from tine to time have i suggested.1t has no constitution.it | moves from precedent to precedent, by \u2018slow and carefully considered steps.One day a Dominion statesman enters into direct negotiations with a foreign Government and a new page in our history has been turned: another day a Deminien Prime Minister.on a visit \u201cto London, is invited to join the Cabinet, and a fresh stage in Imperial de- | Yelopment has hesn reached.To some penple, precise and methodical, and \u2018longing tn nee the setting up of an Imperial fabric four square to the winds.| the British habit of mind is a source {of frritation.But there {t is, whatever its defects, it has {ts strength.It has, moreover, itz roots deep in the Nvergea Dominions.Everywhere in the King's Dominions the practical politiclan walks warily, like some \u2018timid maid crossing a mountain 1atream on a seriea of stepping-stones.1 He dislikes a violent jump, preferring 110 pick his way with deliberation.While we cordially welcome Mr.! Curtis's study of the Imperial problem as tending 10 promote healthy discus- ston, we fear that neither he nor those \u2018who have joined in the avmporium - will see thelr proposals carried out, | 1 That, however, carries with It no condemnation of the hook.which we regard as a stimulating and healthful influence, making a\u2019 timely appearance at a moment when, awing to the virit | to this country of Mr, Hughes, fm- !pertal matters are heing eagerly @s- cussed.The \u201cProblem of the Com.! monwealth™ is the greatest of all pro- | |blems.The war has brought its | awakening: we are at the crossroads.(The Empire must he consolidated, he (care only fn combination can it he \u2018defended except at great cost, and thus | fhe financial issue ax hetween the various sections of the Empire must he! | raised: and its defence policy must (hear a close relation to its foreign policy.which involves wunity of control In foreign Affairs.Those are eon- siderations which He at thd very foun- { dation nf the problems which the Brit- [eh Empire, as a \u201cmere disorgant- zation.\" presents to the conaideration of the political student, and, unless we are to hazard our heritage.it is well that these and other cognate subjects should he thoroughly discussed In the fullest knowledge in thi.country as well an in the Dominions.\u201cThe Problem of the Commonwealth\" le, for that reason.a hook which will repay reading \u2014( Macmillan.) COUNT HAYASHI Now we have the whole \u201cMemoirs\u201d Mm English, and they will be read with the interest which attaches to great events and a noble personality, \u201cDon't be afraid to handle thorns.Count Hayanhi once said to his editor.He himself had lots of courage, he was wiiling to take risks.but essentially he was a safe man.He was very high- minded, wholly honorable and, says Mr.Pooley: \u201cIn a country where it has hecoms tbe rule for statesmen to amass fortunes.he was a brilliant exception, He had no private means and never acquired any.When he retired he sold his house in Tokyo and lived om his small pension in the country.\u201d TOWARDS ENGLAND.Count Hayashi was strongly English 1p all his sympathies.but Mr.Pooley is evidently not sure that the Japanese regard for us goes deep.Anyhow, he lets himself say this: .\u201cOld residents in Japan laugh eyni- cally over Japanese assaverstioms of friendehip for England.They recsil the days of the war with China, when England was loathed and foreigners were atopped on the streets and asked if they were English.and wion the reply was in the affirmative were impolitely told to go to a yet\u2019 warmer climate.The Japanese equivalent of tho tHt MONTREAL WEEKLY WITNESS, JUNE 13, 1916 yet\u2014and the Angio-lapanese Alliance! That point in discussed by Mr.Pooler in his appreciation of Count Hayashi.He says: \u2018 \u201cIn Japan all that is required for a popular outbreak on à scale with which Imperial edicts and Ministerial platitudes will be unable to cope, ix a leader who will prove himself worthy of pub- Me confidence and adamant against duty of the British Government to show that the alliance, if still in force, is not brihes of offi d reward.\u201cWhen that day comes it will be the only a diplomatic instrument to secure Japan's military aid in time of crisis, but is alse founded on a sincere regard for the Japanese people themselves and a desire to see them develop along the true lines of western civilization and freedom.\u201d DIPLOMACY AS WAR.Generally, Mr.Pooley seems to be a little uneasy in hir mind about our future relations with Japan.and his anxiety produces the effective sentence, \u201cDiplomacy is war in the council chamber instead of on the field.\u201d He also writes these sentences: \u201cJapan is distinctly a country to be treated with cautious courtesy and a country about which our statesmen require to know a great deal more than they do know.A theoretic bureaucracy is probably the most effective Eovernment conceivable.Obedience is its watchword.In Japan the world has the most highly organized bureaucratic machine in existence.As ex- President Roosevelt put it, \u2018They have Germany beat to à frazzle.\u201d \u201c An \u201cintroduction\u201d of some length was needed ta the \u201cMemnirs.\u201d because otherwise the English reader might have difficulty in following anme of their details.He will also welcome personal incidents which fllumine Count eshf'a diplomatie narrative, his ahout a meeting with the Rus- Count Muraviefr: \u201cHe said to me, \u2018The agreement for the lease of Tort Arthur has heen atened.As.however, moved so 1apidiv we have no map of that region.Now as Japan once held Port Arthur it is probable that yon have a gnod man of that territory.in our Legation here.And even if we had I could not compiy with your re- to de so.\u2019 The Count smiled grimly and said \u2018You are quite right, and 1 don\u2019t blame you.\u2019 A WORD ON GERMANY.We think of the great war now raging when we find Count Hayashi discussing whether Germany should he invited to enter the Anglo-Japanese Alliance, It was, he incidentally remarks, a subject which \"had been rather worrying both the British and Japanese Governments,\u201d Nothing came of thing.and it ia not very clear that anyone meant anything to come tions between Great Britain and Ger- of it.Says Count Hayashi: \u201cOn account of the strained rels- many we certainly took no special steps to induce her to join in the alliance.but, on the other hand, if Germany had heen really sincere in her earlier overtures and had proposed to come into the allianue, a triple alliance might easily have been concluded.\u201d It was great pleasure to Count Hay- ashi to sign the agreement.and he thought !t a high success for Japan.His individual courage and independence came out when he adds: \u201cBut | do not think that our Government behaved well over it, especially in regard tc sending Marquis (to to 8t.Petersburg whilst I was negotist- lag with Lord Lansdowne.He ought not to have been sent whilst the nego- tiatioës with Great Britain were in progress.\u201d It Is naturel and important to quote Count Hayashi's deliberate judgment on the Anglo- Japanese Treaty, and its a events bave.! quest, though if | can accommodate epic fights you in any other way 1 would be gIad seurs look upon tbe little fighting they influences, for he certainly spoke with knowledge: \u201cThe Anglo-Japanese Alliance is the established policy ot Japan.It {s the basis of the country's foreign policy.It was concluded owing to the common interests of the two conntrffs demanding it.a demand supported by the traditional relations of the twn countries.The alliance may, therefore, de regarded as resting on the most anlid foundations.\u201d We have pleasant glimpse of Li Hung Chang at Pekin.where, for a time, Count Havashi represented Japan.Tbe great old man was seated on an alr cushion.which he offered to his visitor, who replied.however, 1 am WAR FROM The first part of the official stoly of the Battie of Loot is published.T he photograph shows some ef the sol diers wounded in that memorable fight at a railway jumction im France.: «à young man and do not need it.\" Of Li Hung's lite and surroundings we have this pabsage: \u201cHis life was a very simple one.but the amount of money which he used to spend every month in keeping up the dignity of his position easily reached several thousand taels.As for the high officials whose manner of lite was very extravagant and luxurious, and who loved scrolig of writing and pictures and articles of antiquity, it le quite impossible to estimate how much was spent hy them.\" Count Havashi.as one who also lived the simple life, was, apparently, rather surprised at what it cost LA Hung Chang.\u2014The \u201cDaily Chronicle.\u201d WITHIN.Every week we are now getting impressions of the war from those who speak with authority and not as the Journalists, having bought their knowledge with sweat and with bilnod also in some cases.The soldiers themselves are now telling us all about it from all possible standpaints: and we shall soon have a complete series of authentic pictures, an unbroken sequence of war like \u201cmovies,\u201d the like of which has never before appeared in war-time, The impressions of a French officer of Light Cavalry are given in \"In the Fleid, 1914-15\" (Heinemann, 3s.6d.net) by Marcel Dupont, who begins by saying that he is more skilful with the sword than with the pen.If that be ro, this Lieutenant of Chausseurs must be a match for most expert swords- ; for the ease and lucidity of his style, which has been adroitly Eng- lished, show that he is one of Nature's gentlemen of letters.Effortlessly, and with a natural elegance, he tells us of the emotions nf Frenchifien ordered to retreat before the invaders when the necessity waa not obvious, and of the exultation which was aroused by General Joffre\u2019s command to conquer or âte hefore the Battle of the Marne.Reading hetween the liner, we ses that he regrets the pasaing of the old order of cavalry fighting\u2014 gone for ever with plumes, pelirses waving in the wind, 1f | Hungarian braiding.and sabretaches' this is ro, would vou be so kind as to; But that keen commonsense which is lend it to me?[ smiled as I looked the governing principle of French per- at the Count, snd 1 replied.\u2018Certainly sonality anges him to acquiesce in the Fort Arthur was once oeccupled hy !less picturesque methods of modern Japan, and we have very good maps of {scientific warfare.For.as he says.that region.But we have none of them \u201csince the opening of the campaign too many brave soldiers have paid with their lives for their delight in a Lasalle.\u201d His Chae- get (as mounted infantry) as restful relaxation from \u2018the daily grind of looking after their horses and themselves, hut their cup of joy overflows when they hear that the regiment is to be mentioned in despatches, Perhaps the most suggestive passage in this exposition of the traditional spirit of French warfare is that which describes the attempt of the Germans to fraternize with their opponents on Christmas eve.The Lieutenant did not care to order his Chasseurs to fire on the unarmed men who had left the trenches opposite, though neither he nor his feilow-officers were willing to permit the slightest intercourse with a barbarous enemy.What was to he done?The problem was wisely and wittingly solved by the officer in command of the nearest battery, who, having ohserved the scene through his flald-glasnes, sent four shells to burst harmlessly two hundred vards above the German trenches, and followed ther up, when the last nf the spiked helmets had disappeared, with four more, which exploded ful] on the whitish line of their parapet.Afterwards the only firing was & salvo of champagne corks from the French lines.In \u201cA Student in Arms\u201d (Melrose, 5s.net), written & British officer whose name fs withheld, and introduced by Mr.J.St.Loe Btrachey, a philosephy ot fighting is placidiy evolved.It in a new and rather hesitating philosophy\u2014not in the least like that of the Lieutenant of Ch seurs which hes been\u2019 part of à tion's high breeding for & thousana years perhaps.The mere fact that \u2018Got strats England\u2019 was à commor mas streets of Tokyo then.\u201d la Japan-\u2014e fer ory as Mas boon Canada\u2019s favorite yonat for over à quarter of 6 century.Bread hand with Reyal Yeast wilt hoop fresh and molest longer than that made with any ether, to that à full week's supply can costly be made at ene baking, and the last tenf witi bo just as good ae the fret.MADE (MN CANADA many Englishmen still use the un- blessed word \u201cmilitarism\u201d shows that our education in the philosophy of national warfare is only beginning.If it is really true, as some authorities believe, that the most powerful navy in ceasing to be an all-sufficient shield for our Insular amenities, the time will come when we shall no longer think of military preparedness in terms of \u2018ies and \u2018isms, and recent controversies as to the merits and demerits of compulsory service will seem to us all as far-fetched and meaningless as they do to-day to the average Fremchman.There is much matter for thinking over in the observations of this \u201c8tu- dent\u201d who was at Sandhurst twelve years ago, and at Oxford later on, and seems to have got the best out of both forms of training\u2014the unhasting and unresting lahor of \u201cthe Bhop,\u201d which ai only at making competent gunners and sappers, and the easy-going round of University life which enlarges one\u2019s sympathy and stimulates the imagination at the cost, too often, of diminishing the capacity for action.He har found In the trenches that the two types of young officer find they can learn something from one another.The University man learns from the professional soldier that the full rigor of the military code, arbitrary and frritating as it appears at first, is essential to efficiency.And the latter Is taught by the former to appreciate and apply that broader sympathy with human natirs which is so useful in getting the most out of men ®xperiencing hardships they had never known nor dreamed of hefore.Perhaps his most interesting chapter is that entitled, \u201cA Rook of Wisdom.\" which traces from his \u201cipsiesima verbs.\" jotted down from time to time, the mental development of a young University student of theology who enlisted as a private soldier.As timer goes on, war teaches him the beautiful and Sustere realities of human\u2019 life.; The gunner's life may be completely ascertained from \u201cWith the Gune\u201d (Eveleigh Nash.3s.64.net), by F.0.0, and \u201cBattery Flashes\u201d (John Murray, 2s.64.net), by \u201cWagger.\" F.0.0.means the forward observation officer, the eye of the artillery in fact, whose business it is to observe not only the shooting of his own battery but also, carefully and prayerfuliy, the whole of the enemy's territory visible from his post.How OP.s (observation posts) are found and what you do with them is fully de- scrided in \u201cWith the Guns,\u201d and the description is well illustrated with amusing anecdotes.wFor example, two adventurous spirits, in the days when the armies were not, as now, divided by the No Man's Land between the two lines of trenches, wandered far afield in quest of a commanding position.At dusk they came to a plece of rising ground which seemed to fulfl) their wildest hopes.Seeing a group of men at work there, they strolled up, and asked if the Germans could be observed from the vantage point.\"I know of but one place more suitable, gentlemen, and that is Berlin.\u201d wag the reply, for the hill happened to be the headquarters of a (German division.Ît sometimes happens, to choose a less apocryphal legend, that the oMcer in charge of an O.P.(perhape only placed there to keep a first claim on it for his battery) is utterly at sea as to the method of observing fire.On one such occasion the following conversation ensued after the first round at the far end of the (lephone wire: \u201cAsk the observing officer to report where that round fell.\u201d \u201cMr, Jones reports that was & very good shot, sir.\u201d \u201cTell Mr.Jones I 't want criticism of my shooting, 1 want to know where the rounds fsil.No.3 ie Just firing.\u201d \u2018Mr, Jones reports the last round fell about an inch from the target.\u201d \" n I can assume that as a hit\u201d T.Jones says he means an inch on the map.not an inch on the ground.\u201d Threstenings and slaughter \u201cad Mb.Telephone messages are often quaintiy garbled, as when the follow- fog remarke were overheard.\u201cAre man's wily coughs \u2018wet\u2019?\u2018Ere, fs this 3 \u2014\u2014 patens modteime ar Nallo, bafio! Gri\u2019 to spell 7 Yeu, balick (ov \u2018energy, tor Lats On.aye tor bem.© tor rom, toc, smans, ee for bsg, n for Reis, cases, W for vatert-\u2018ere, sulle, baile! | What sre yer gritis® st?The decid ediy missing word was Hartmaoswell-.erhopf.It is all as interesting ss # fs imstructive, and the civilian who reads the book will learn as much as he is capable of learning abont the mystery of gunnery from the oficer\u2019s (not offietal) point of view.As for the men's point of view you get.that in \u201cBattery Flashes,\u201d @ series of out-| spoken letters from Salisbury Plain and from the Front, which explain the making of a gunner plainly enough.The author is a little unfair on the O.T.C., though there is a good deal of truth in his contention that enough use is not made of the excellent material for officers among the educated men who have seen actual fighting Where, after all, does France now get her admirable srtillery officers, perhaps the best in all the Allied armies?There je much curious information in these letters.How, for example, can & atay-at-home non-combatant realize the sound of a six-inch howitser being fired?By putting his head into a large empty tin jug apd shouting Toombb as loudly and sepulchraily as possible.It all helps one to appreciate the definition of \"Ubique\u2019 by a veteran \u201climber-gunner\u201d as sealous of his charge (for the tradition is long-de- scended) as when Alfonso d'Fiste hurled the broken statue of Pope Julius IL, into the melting-pot wherewith to cast more cannon.\u201cUblque,\u201d he says, \u201cUbique\u2014that means, my sons, that whenever there's a scrap on, You an\u2019 me an\u2019 the bloomin' old pop-gun's got to up ay\u2018 trek an\u2019 earn our blessed ration doin\u2019 ten days\u2019 work in one.\u201d Which le the truth, the whole truth.and nothing but the truth.\u2014The \u201cMorning Poet.\u201d QUESTIONS and ANSWERS [We invite questions on sll possible subjects of general interest, to which we shall do our best to obtain correct answers, and shall insert euch queries and replies as we can make room for.This must not be used, however, as an advertising column, or an inqui:y bureau for matters not of publie interest; every query must be accompanied with the name and postal address of the sender, and no notice will be taken of ananymous communications.) QUEBEC BANK TOKEN.R.L, Nova beotia, asks: \u2014I am sending you a eut of à Quebec bank token, on: penny, 1812.I have had it for over forty years, and I have been told that tuere were no pennies made in 1812; the parties may not kmow Perhaps you eould inform me through the \u201cWit.nets.\u201d Ansver.\u2014We give here a cut taken fiom Rretom\u2019s coin book which resembles in every particular the impression of the coin sent us except in the matter of the date.and we think hy closer scrutiny the date 1RI2 will probably be found to be 1852; the figure five in the date on the Quebee Bank token having been very badly made in the first Place.may easily, after a little wear, cok much like & one.The obverse is a pleture of Britannia seated beside her stield; in one hand the born of plenty.and the other, trident, while in the background is a three-masted ship off » s high rocky cliff, which is surrounded by a flag.The reverse is a French.Canadian habitant, with a whip in his hend.This penny