The Quebec chronicle, 29 octobre 1923, Special anniversary edition

[" 7 +.Special Anniversaryas y.L.CLIX.No.256 QUEBEC, MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1923 \u2014FOUNDED 1764.OLD AS THE CONQUEST: YOUNG : | 1764\u20141847\u20141923 EE A STE I an AEN secoue ce Si ER NR SR ad O our readers and patrons we respectfully dedicate this special anniversary edition that commemorates at once.the .reorganization of the Quebec Chronicle Printing Company, made necessary by the regretted death of the late Major General Sir David Watson, and the completion \u2018by this newspaper of seventy-five years of continuous ex istence as the Morning Chronicle.\u2018 Modern Quebec\u2014A Great World T Progressive Industrial Centre, .v è It is with legitimate pride that we present to you as a souvenir of the twofold occasion facsimile copies of the first editions of the Quebec Gazette and the Morning Chronicle respectively, that will be found included as supplements to this edi- tion\u2014a souvenir that, so far as we are aware, can be duplicated by no other newspaper in the world today.- We guarantee that these facsimiles are exact reproductions of the quaint old sheets that first issued from long since vanished presses\u2014the creation of minds forever stilled, the work of hands that are now forgotten\u2014in the one case more than a century and a half, in the other seventy-five years ago.In order to produce them, the original editions have been carefully photographed and engravings made from which the copies have been printed direct.Even the newsprint paper has been matched as closely as modern resources permit, for color and weight.Together with the Chronicle's regular edition of current date, the two facsimiles from a striking epitome of the evolution of journalism and typography in Canada well worthy of study.Note, for instance, the development that has taken place in the sise of the shest, tha number of \u2018pages, the character and Brig.-Gen.JAMES MURRAY.rig.-Gen.JAMES MURRAY Maj.-Gen.SIR DAVID WATSON.concerned.¥ es a TE) 1 I Ey-an fs Is py ata di Ye tet ves oI es roe.2, Ancient Quebec\u2014As It Appeared When The Quebec Gazette Was Born.RACERS ON tion The Quebe £ Chronicle.© \"Spectal Amalversary Edition i 1 ! \u2018 PRICE TWO CENTS make-up of the news, also the volume and display of the advertisements.The front page on which these lines appear has been designed to symbolize the key-note of our anniversary, \u201cOld as the Conquest: Young as Canada Today\u201d, in the contrast between the top and bottom panels that respectively present the modern city of Quebec and a corresponding view of the Ancient Capital as it appeared when the Quebec Chronicle Printing Company was founded.In the portraits, likewise, of Brigadier General James Murray, brilliant lieutenant of Wolfe and first British Governor General of Canada, who encouraged the publication of the Quebec Gazette and of Major General Sir David Watson, the no less brilliant Commander of the world war and late President and Managing Director of the former Company, who made the Quebec Chronicle of the present day.On pages six and seven will be found a centre spread illustrating the manner in which, during the past few months, the reorganized Company has renovated the Chronicle building throughout so as to make a publishing and printing plant that is up-to-date in every particular.The remaining pages are devoted to special articles dealing with Chronicle and general newspaper history, with the progress of Canada and Quebec, and with the problems of the harbor and the forest industry in which Quebec is so immediately The whole edition will, we trust, demonstrate to the reader that in spite of all the stress and varying fortuiies of one hundred and fifty-nine years, the Quebec Chronicle has kept pace with the march of human progress and still possesses abundant vitality with which to give useful service to the community, FE A PISS SX OS WR 2s 2 TE AE SE TEE TEA AAs R008 rr os Idea of Publishing News Much Older Than Printing Romans Published A Journal Of Daily Events\u2014Told Story Of Trial Of Bibutous Young B pire\u2014First Colonial And British Publications HISTORY OF THE NEWSPAPER ; PRESS.The history of the newspaper press is i:ke the hisiory of almost al hufvan achievements, a history of great results from amall begin.viags.and the readers of our urge dally jouriala, who have nu theme golves inquired into Lhe subject, can Wave no idea of the struggles and efforts expended through long weary yom, before the liberty to print such Journals was achieved, and the œutem of labour by which the iavk le accomplished was perfecved.The simple idea of publishing mews is far older than the invention of priming however, and, consequently, very niuch older than the newspaper prege, and it is not improbable that the printed sheet may be in some measure due Lo the practice to which we refer.The Homans published what they called the \u201cActa Diurna\u201d, or journal of dedly transactions, which were posted up in conspicuous places for the information of the citizens, and while! they were chiefly intended to promulgate a knowledge of the proceedings of the municipal councils, they were not by any means limited to that class of topics.The \u2018Gentleman's Magazine\u201d for 1840, quoting! from those old claselc gazette, sup - ; plies some particulars, from which we leurn vf an aesault case tried before the Magistrate\u2014of à brawt in the Hog-in-Armor tavern in Bank- | ory street,\u2014of a thunder \u2018storm.\u2014of | a fire on mount Caelius~\u2014of the funeral of Marcia, and of à number uf otirer every-lay occurrences, \u2018whleh\u201d as Mr.Andrews, from whose work we quote, says \u201ccur.ously remind us that the Homane were but men\u201d, We | jearn from the same journal that Marcus Fuscus and Luscius Albus! were brought up io the police court tor being drunk and kickirg up a row; that Titus J.aniue was fined for; giving short weigh:, and that cer-\u2018 tain butchers were similarly mulet» for selling meat which had not been inspected by the overseers of mar kets.During the sangulnary reign of Ceasar's sucéeseors, these publi- saldons were nbandoned, and indeel they never were of much accaun:, : for being under authority, they were | allowed to embrace only such things | as were agreeable to the ruling powers, and it may fairly be supposed that the statements were \u201ceook- | od\" to suit their interesie-\u2014very : much aa journals of a later day un- | der eimilar patronage, or tuiorage, have heen undersiood to serve up their contente.Venice claims to the honor of: having revived the news nheet which | was cummenced In manusoript about | the year 1536, for the purpose of furnishing inteltigemes of the war | then waging with Turkey.Some | thirty volumes of this journal are wtih preverved at Fiorence, and it was not umkil 1670 that it was issued in a printed form.The paper, oame to be called a CGasette, as some | suppose, and not without reason, from the nan.» of a small Venetian ool), worth a .itile over a farthing.| It was publishci once a momth an teund Ms way into mowt parts of Christendom.Hera, then, we have the embryo newspaper.the parent | of that mighty brood whose Influence has since shaped the demi- | nies of the world.The first Englhah newspaper was the \u2018Weckiy Nows\u201d, ieued by & Nathaniel Butter, lt came oui-\u2014@ Very : orude thing\u2014on August 2nd, 1622, | in London, nearly hal?u century be-; fore the appearance of the Quebec Gasette, and ia publcalive was con- | tinued in.ermitisntly uml 163%.) Butter hud been a news letter writer and fis had published a few occa- sienal news sheets before his larger emerprise began.A goed many people had been ocoupied in Lœuins and distributing news sheets, but Butter was the first to begin & de- Ouite publication under a deñn.te tisle, although, going back as far as 1665, we find an information sheet which wea then printed.The principal news letter writers of the seventeenth century, who eked out a living on the fees they received from oountry nobiemen and @eexry for the news they wrote, Wers alo concerned in publishing tho lerge number of oocasional news | sreets which came out in London whenever thers were events of pub- Mo importance to announce.By the time of the Civil War sewspspers had been firmly estab- Mghod.It has heen recorded that over 300 different newspapers appeared in the twenty years-\u201416840- 1940.Ther had ail sorte of titles or dapcriptions\u2014some very curious But we may think of the period as \u201che Age of the Mercuriey\u2019, which: wae what Macaulay called it.In 1641 \u201cA Continuation of the True Diurnalt of Passages in Parliament\u201d was printed.Then came \u2018\u2019A Perfect Diurnail\u201d, which has been described as the five daily paper, Yhough it was issued only when Par- Mement was sitting, and contained aathing hut references to prooceed- tags in the Houes of Commons.The erests of Hing Charles, whea his rces were In the field, were aivocg- tof hy a sheet which waa first pub.od at Oxford on the first day of $42 and thereafter whenever it was fapnd convenient to work the Royal prfimting press There were.of aourse, other Royalist publications, ty short-Hived.Printers wery busy on behalf of the Parllat.AN the esheets of the time thelr soant versions of fAghting and statecraft.Then, as now, how- ower.newspaper cotiuctors seem to have entered somelimes into what we cal a \"silly season.The \u201cMersupive Pragmaticus\u201d of 1648 was Jowaling \"a dead time for news.mongery.Rut even when thers wae dows of dramatic dmnortance, Îlke We meoution of the King, thers wae not anpérermtty a \u201cnewsmenger\u201d In| , the land who knoe how to describe I Matter of Fart: , old John Walter, its founder, yleided lood Of Capital Of World Emit in anything more than formal terms.- It was truly a \u2018Modest Inteill wencer\u201d\u2014for that was {ts name \u2014 which, on the day before the execution of the King, spoke of \u201cMttle news from any parts, only the scaffolds erected tor the King'': and truly a \u201cModerate Intelligencer\u2019 which, having printed an account of the execution Ming a ematl quarto page, | apologised for the amount of space & had given to the ject and pro.! mised not to refer to it again! By the Commonwealth there were \u201cMo- | dem Narratives\u2019 and more \u201cIntelit- | gencery\u2019; and !t was In 1657 that the first paper called an \u201cAdvertise\u201d | came out.It was a title which was | to become the commonest description of & newspaper in England.».®e à Up to the time of the Restoration anyone coulé publish news, and news then, as NOW, Was ACCOMPA- ned by expression of opinion.But | three years after Charles Il, came to | the throne a censorship of the press was set Up which lasted until 1679.A \u201cSurveyor of the Frinting Preases\u201d | and licenser of the press was \u2018appointed.He was Roger l'Estrange who had to pase everything intended for publication either In book or newspaper, and who soon commenced at bi-wrekly paper which, cu- rlously enough, was known on one; day by one name, and on the second by another.L'Es:range imued the, \u201cwith privilege\u2019.He took the riske of the enterprise himself.but ths Government looked upon the paper as the medium of ite official announ- coments.\u2018This bl-weekly paper did not last very long, the Government deciding in 1685 to {ssue its own oficial Jour- | nal.This was what je now known ' as the \u201cLondon Gagette™.It ap-i reared in November, 1665, as the \u201cOxford Gazette*.The great plague was then raging in London, and the Court was held at Oxford.When the plague wan over the publication | nf the journal was transferred to Tondon, and it has heen issued there without interruption from that day to this.later in lfe l'Estrange marted another paper In the Interesta of the religion of James IT.and | Nved on until the reign of Queen, Anne, when the firs daily news ' paper proper was published.known | as the \u201cDaily Courant\u201d.As this was.the first newspap~ar of ite kind with any reputation, it Is interesting to] point out that the m'ze of its page\u2014 there waa only ons when It mtarted, | and there waa printing on one side only\u2014waa not much more than al quarter the sige «2 a page of today.The editor\u2014or \u201csuthor\u201d.as he called\u2014referred to the fact that \u2018he paper was confined to half itx \u201ccompas\u201d, hecause he wished \u201cto save the Public at least half the Tmpertinencies of ordinary Newspaperw'.The *Tmpertinencies were apparently \u201ccomments and conjectures\u2019, for he undertook.to relate \u2018only Mmpposing other People te have Sense enough to make Reflections for themselves.The \u201cDaily Courants\" informatian wan rhiefly foreign news, and much of the tittle it did manaze to publish about affaire In England came from quite n few places.fix veara after ite start there was issued the first number of @tesle and Addieen\u2019s \u201cTatler\u201d.which eoon became the more famous \u201cSpectator\u201d.Both be dong to the history of Literature rather than to the history of journal- lem.an we now think of journalism But Steels and Addison were journalists in the sense that Hke Defos, whose fame also laste and will continue for other reasons, they were among the principal writers on the controversial matters of the day.Those were times of amazing dif- floulty for peupls of the prees.The political Influenne of the newspapers had grown, and in the violent con- troversien before the death of Anne many took political sides In such a THE QUEBEC CHRONICLE.~- MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1923.Now Comes CARPETS This is the Biggest Rug Opportunity that has been offered in Quebec for a number of years.The finest choice and the biggest variety you have ever seen in the line of new Rugs ; all sizes, most attractive designs, superb coloring, texture which speaks of good quality.All this, at prices which remove all hesitation.In addition to our immense regular stock, on which the prices are reduced for the occasion, we make a special reduction on the followings lines: 3000 Yards of Carpets 135 Pieces of Oilcloth 376 Large Rugs 1329 Small Rugs 67 Tapestry Rugs Tapestry Ruge, seamiess, of the finest quality; patterns to conform to all rooms.fitses: Valeo of $18.08 for.Ÿ19:28 xd feet.Value of $18.48 vor\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.$14:65 Value of $20.75 for.een $18.15 1885 9x18 feet.Value of $38.50 for.03 Axminster Rugs Axminetes Ruga of English manufacture, seamices, close texture, new patterns.Blazes: 9x9 feet.Value of $41.30 for.$32.00 8.3x10.6 feet.Value of 850.50 for.eee, \u2026$37,00 value of $18.25 for.Cea 537.00 9x13 feet.Value of $85.75 for.narcaneuuaeur $42.00 ee 127 Wilton Rugs Wilton Rugs, real Avallons, of English manufacture, close texture, long and silky wool.Oriental and me dailion patterns.bises: value ot $44.78 ener.$31.90 sx10.6 feet.Value vf $52.25 vor.444.35 x18 foet.Value of 850.50 vor.$49,85 Value of 80235 cor.$T2,00 39 Reversible Rugs Rugs, exclusively woollen, of English manufacture; long wool: Oriental designs for living rooms, soft colors for parlors and rooms Vers mpm ts sn cn $28.60 vers aol LT 835.75 Very special at.\u2026\u2026.$49.95 Very special at.J $57.15 900 Yards of Stair Carpet: Tapestries, Brussels, Wilton, at Exceptionally Low Prices way as to prompt Government to make another attemm to Injure ; them\u2014this time by à stamp duty.! lait nothing could stop the press.Tn elxht yearm\u2019 téme the flent evening | paper came out in London.In 1750 there were forty-five papers of nne kind and another appearing regular.| ly in the country.There was no; looking back, and with the foundation of the \u201cTimes\u201d at the hexin- ning of 17%8\u2014or twenty years later | than the Quebec Gagette\u2014the pre.| sent great era In the history of the Prees may be salé to have begun.On January 1, 1778, the Times was ushered into existence.For a quarter of & century it made ne Kreat headway, for in 1303, when up its management to his son, its arculation is supposed not to have axoseded 1,000 copies: but even thus | was & most respectable number, for the most popular publications of the Say did not exceed ¢,500, The olde Knglleh provina'al newspaner sseme to be Burrows Worchester Journal established In | 1709, and Mr.Andrews enumerates some twenty others, all established before 1748.In 1792 there were i0 bapers publshed in Ihe provinces, and the stamp duty paid to the Gor.| ment was £143,230,3a 74 or over $600,000, The fic newspaper published in Acotland wes the \u2018iMeccuriua Politi | cus\u201d, which appeared the 26th of October, 1653, but it was only &' temaporary affair gd up by Ovemwell wha sent up a printer to latin for the purposes and the object wae te inform the KngMah troops of what was going on in the army in other parte of the Kingdom, The first legitimate Journal lagued | In Acotiand, was (he \u2018Mercuriua Ca- | iedomuas\u201d a small weekly quero, | commenved in 1660, which speedly made Way for the \u201cMercuriue Pani | cus\u2019 and het again far the \u201cKing | dam's Intgjligences\u2019\u201d.Several sthers (Continued on Page Mive.) ima, po pt, fn bu pc dren] | nd quai 2 of To MT ror stoma arent man.Betas | vie coin Gens on var cocon vu wool.TAPESTRY $1 69 12x60 J face.Sizes: 10x27 si 29 12x80 $1 58 Trova EEE a inches.$1.09 inches.$1.49 14334 39c Inches CL \u2018 inches.22548 Inches «veneers $2.85 24x48 $2 19 27x84 $2 79 inches .oi iii iia 3x33 $2 25 18x36 $2 93 AXMINSTER Inches.Okt inches.0&1 16x37 49 Inches Des inches Le \u2018 7157 inches L.I N $3.49 \u201cBaines\u201d mark.Oval form.INCHES cerirerrereenearneensnenees.BIC Inches 34.45 inches.$4.95 TA hen Las eee se sera canon $5.19 ction = senvssssenanss000n 00000000 $4.95 Tone lee 1% na BAC Small Rugs Small Rugs Small Rugs Coco Mats FELTOL of the finest quality; the biggest OILCLOTH, two yards wide, of superior LINOLEUM, two yards wide, the best Per square ane.48c¢ The Reason For These Low Prices! In order to be able to buy direct from the mills, one must necessarily be able choice of new patterns.Our price, per square yard.39c quality, on canvas backing.to order larger quantities determined by the manufacturers.retail departments have been selling a large number of carpets during the last few years, not enough, however, to be placed on the wholesale list.Rut since we seok poamenion of onr new furaiéere store, we have had no hésitation in orfering the sequired quantity vo as to ammre ourmelves of jobbers prices.| The low pricos which we are offering today explain clonsiy the advan- sages of following Unis step.To buy at Logare's, It is to help lowering (he price.Do not miss this splendid epportunity.PTLEGARE 142 \u2014 ST.JOSEPH ST, \u2014 142 quality.All patterns, Our wholesale and oll Price per square yard.8 1 C INLAID SCOTCH LINOLEUM.Four choice patterns.special.Very Per square yard.$ 1 69 > So as to avoid disappointment, bring the exact measures of your rooms f MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1928.ALMOST THE WHOLE TRADE OF CANADA PASSED THROUGH QUEBEC PORT IN EARLY DAYS Ships From The Seven Seas Salled Into The Harbour Carry- Ing Wares From -All Parts Ot The Universs And Took Vast Cargoes Of Canadian Produce And Goodetions, for the manufagture of butter and cheess, Zor the export trad bavisg dawned on the intelligence and practical mind of the farmers of the Canadian West, that in order to make an unqualified success of farming operations, they wpuid have to turn their attention to farm gardening and dairy activities, as well as the raising of grain for European markets.In consideration of these practical possibilities the farmers of the Prairie Provinces, have lost no time in organising co-operative associations, for the encouragement of dairy production, which in the course of a few years, by determined céoties, now assuming large propor-06 06 35 35 38 35 35 36 06-06 36 36 36 36 3 26,36 , It i LAPRAIRIE AN ANCIENT AR RAW » TOWN.\u201c 06 26 06 06 98 00 82 26 26 36 26 96 56 38 78 96 M \u201cThe town of Laprairie, just north of Montreal, à few days ago held its two hundred and fiftieth any niversary.The nosttion of the town save it a special significance in the early history of the French colony.as it wag At that time.As an owut- post of Montreal, it was eoially Mable to attack by the wari'ke Iroquols and also by the British invad- SALE OF SURPLUS FURNITURE STOCKS AT COST PRICE Quebeo Port Offers Advantages To Be Found Nowhere sore.is destined to expand, and de-| 2/7, \"0 Laprairie im Those\u2019 .Else In The\u2019 World IS Sure the pronto wha | Sve, ar the Mount ancre This sale begins on Saturday, November 15th.We must liquidate $35, Quebes Is an ideal seaport, and offers great advantages, which have bdesn acknowledged by the Western shippers of cattle, who have used the port of Quebec for the shipment of steers, etc, to Eagland, Wales and Scotland more during the last summer than ever before.the bullding of the Louise Docks A band of Iroquois Indlans from It is ideally located for not only [at the estuary of the River Bt or Sporn that dé a modern the Caupnawaga reserve, near Monthe export of cattle, but also for|Charlen \u2014 These docks equipped ras y treal, were present at the celebra shipping Canadian grain from the iris Provinces, for which material it seems destined to become the Canadian outlet.3\u2018 Prior to 1880 the port of Quebeo was acknowledged as the national as well as natural summer port of the St.Lawrence route, and the ac- ties of the harbour wers of wide world repute, and ships especially .The Louise Docks The Canadian Government during the administration of 6ir John A MacDonald may the need for the buliding modern dockage at the port of Quebec to meet the exigen- cles of the ocean steamship trade, which was the incentive that caused with every known modern accom.[modation and facllities for the loading and unloading of ships, cost the people of Canada $18,00,000, have berths and moorage accommodation for twenty-two deep draught ocean steamers, with freight sheds «ccommodation of à combined floor area of 528,498 square fset surface measure.: duction overseas.With the accomplishment of this new feature of the farm industry in the West, the question of transportation from the W to the Eastern Canadian Seaports, for shipment, will naturally becomes an important factor, and the solution of the problem will be found in the shipping of such production over the Transcontinental Railway to Quebec Quebec Harbour Commission will be available for such accommodation of all perishable goods.Harbour Of Quebec.The Port of Quebec is the largest Inland deep water port in the world The Harbour is fifteen miles In length and one in width.Therefore tt will be seen that the Louise Docks with their accommodation for mark the site, was unveiled by Brig- adfer-General Cruikshank, of Ottawa, representing the Historic sites Monuments Board of Canade.Another cairn was unveiled on the site of an unsuccessful attack by « forre, of 81 British and 135 Indians, who | had cofne up from the south.but; were repulsed by a stronger force tion, and a highly interesting hle- toric pageant was held, which symbolized various features 02 the earty Ife of the French colony, Incfuding the triale of the early missionaries and their rough journeye by forest and stream, the cottage industries of the pioneer days with the women weaving cloth and carpets, and from Montreal ES ox + = pa twenty-two ocean steamers, only the dewvelopment of farming from | gf in the days of the wool vessels | The dock equipment includes one carrying timber, salled the Seven |2,000,000 bushel fire-proof concrete occupy a small part of the immense the rude, primitive devices first Beas of the world.The sdvent of ateamahipe, and the manufacture of sawn lumber wy\u2019 mills in Canada which was altogether done by mille in the United Kingdom, gradually caused a diminishment of the export of square timber, which was brought from the Ontario timber limits and the Gatineau in rafts to the port of Quebec for shipment overseas, with the result, that the wooden sailing ships in course of time, were driven from the Bt.Lawrence trads, and replaced by the steamship._ This change in both the manufacture of timber by Canadian mills, which enabled the shipment of sawn lumber, made it possible and practicable for steamers chartered to carry wood, to proceed to the other ports or the base of supply, east and west, of the port of Quebec, for their cargoes, and at the same time caused the removal of the headquarters of steamship company agents to Montreal, the development of that port as well ae the deepening of the channel from Quebec to Montreal to allow vessels of deep draught to reach that port.In the meantime the Grand Trunk Raliway, which had its eastern terminus at Levisopposite the city of Quebec, on the south side of the River 8t.Lawrence, had adepted the port of Portland, Me, as a winter port, and this Jed to the abandonment of the company's Levis eastern terminals.The Canadian Pacific Railway, in the meantime, was drawing to a completion to be operated altogether as a Canadian railway for the absolute development of Canada, with its interest in the east as well as the west, and its headquarters at Montreal.The inealcul- able value of this Canadian railway as a Canadian asset, due to the vision of brainey organization and operation, is one of the railroad wonders of the world.Ths promoters, in their wisdom, saw the policy of including a steamship ser- Province of Quebec.This Cold | the Government in Parliament that tion will naturally look for the vice and dividing their business be-| Storage plant, will be a valuable| the construction would result inl/cheapest and most advantageous tween the ports of Montreal and|nccommodation for the Prairie | choaner rates of freight to and from [route of transportatton from the Quebec.and | grain elevator with \u2018marine tower, conveyors and grain galleries; load- Ing capacity \u20ac0,000 bushels per hour.It also has a grain dryer, a Richardson separator and a bagging shed.The facilities for handling of cargoes, comprises eixteen miles of railway tracks on docks with four locomotives for the switching of cars and handling of treight in general, connecting with all ships berths, cars and scows for removing of ships ballast, five locomotive cranes with a capacity up to 38 tons and one fifty-ton floating crane.Electric and power installation, and city water service while ships loading or unloading, or taking full graln cargoes, are ox- smpted from the payment of moor- age and tonnage dues.The Louise Docks also have coal capacity (anthracite and bltumin- ous), with bunkering facilities administered by the coal companies, with five towers for discharging and loading coal, together with a (uel oil pipe running from.tanks, on the Louise Docks to berths on the St.» Charles and .Breakwater Pier frontages.The harbor of Quebec is also equipped with two dry docks; one 600 feet In length by 62 feet wide at the entrance, and the other 1,150 feet in length by 120 feet wide at the entrance, capable of accommodating the largest vessel afloat, with ahipbulld- Ing yard and modern machine shops in connection therewith, and a staff of naval architects and experienced shipwrights ia charge, capable of executing all work required in the building and repair of steel ships Cold Storage Plant.The Port of Quebec in the summer of 1924 will be equipped with a modern up to date Cold Storage plant with a storage capmcity of $00,000 cubic feet, to take care of the export shipment of perishable goods, and farm products raised In the district of Quebec, which includes the Lake St.John & Sagueray districts or 34 per cent.of the Provinces Dalry Co-operative Bodeep water harbour, which has pos- aibllities for development unequalled on the Continent of America.Be aides, room for miles of docks on either side of the river St.Lawrence, and the wonderful possibilities of its estuary on the St.Charles River, ready-made sites, for the building ot Grain Elevators, Freight 8heds, et to take care of storage, in the loading and unloading of grain produced in the entire resources of the Granaries of Canada.Many Advantages.To fllustrate the advantages In general offered at the Port of Quebec for the shipment of Canadian Cattle and Grain, it may bs pointed aut that grain coming from the head of the Great Lakes by the water route is furnished with every convenience in connection with dockage and unloading of cargo into the Harbour Commission grain Th's Canadian town of Laprairie waa founded when Louis the Fourteenth was the dominating force in Europe\u2014when the Stuarts were still reigning In Engtand and the present ! mwtem of responsible government the / break with Great Britaln, was stil} a hundred years off.At the time, too, the existence of th's great expanse of western country was just being discovered hy British and French explorers, and it was about to become a rather profitable fleld for the fur trade.ee The ability of this road through its shortening in distance and better grades, to carry grain ali rall to Quebec, cheuper than could be donc elevator.The boats enter the Inner Basin of the Louise Docks and come under the Marine Leg for the unloading which is accomplished! without any delay.The capacity of the Marine Leg suction Into the ele.\u2019 vator being at the rate of 30,000 bushels per hour.| The great feature, however, in connection with the transportation of cattle and grain from the prairie provinces to the port of Quebec for export shipment lies in the fact as regards cattle, that special shipment from the Alberta or Saskatchewan stock yards, moved over the Canadian National Railway rystem, can ha operated direct to Quebec! via the National Transcontinental! Railway from Winnipeg, without! coming into contact with congested terminals to occasion delays.Besides by this route, the rallway distance is 214 miles shorter than by the Canadian Pacifie from Winnipeg to Quebec and its grades are so gond that its freight trains are able to earry 1.780 tonf of lading as compared with 940 tons by other roads.\u2018When the National! Transcont!- nental Railway was undertaken in 1903.it was specifically stated, by the prairie provinces.ail those years.\"EXPERT Workmanship FOR WELL OVER A HALF CENTURY, twenty-two years before the first Chronicle was published as 8 Semi-Weekly, we had completed, with entire satisfaction, to those interested, many undertakings in the tine of exterior and interior painting and paper hanging.Our policy today is just the same as at that time, plus the experience of The decorating of the CHRONICLE'S New Editorial and Business Offices was done by us.Any work you entrust to our care will receive the utmost attention.\u2014 Ask us for quotatfons.B.Leonard by the rall and lake route to New York or to Montreal, and the contract mide between the Government and the Grand Trunk Pacific Railway embodied in the statutes of 1803, provided that the Railway Company should influence all its possible traffic to Canadian porte for export and should keep constantly at Canadian seaports of its Mne a supply of ocean tonnage to handle all goods offered the railways for export.+ A Future Aspect.The same opportunities of the | east for dairy production are pos- : sible in the Prairie Provinces, and the farmers of these Provinces should lose no time In giving the matter their practical attention.There is not the least doubt, that when, the farmers of the Western Provinces organize co-operative so- cietles under the auspices of their respective Provincial Governments, the same as in Quebec, the industry will mot take long to develop into a large and profitable increase of farm production to enhance the importance and wealth of the Prairie Provinces.The Western Prairie Provinces with their added produc- West to the East for export, and the Transcontinental Railway and the Port of Quebec for shipment will undoubtedly be found the most advantageous, It is appropos to recall that up to 1370, almost the whole trade of Canada pussed through the Port of Quebec.Then the ship channel to the Port of Montreal was commenced, deepened and enlarged year after year at the expenss of the Country, and finally completed by the Canadian Government as a public work, and became an important Canadian seaport.During this time the Quebec merchants were engrossed in the profitable trade of timber and deals which embodied one of their greatest ship- ment of wood industries in America, paid little attention to other branches of commerce.A great fleet of ships was needed to transport these goods, and the trade reached its zenith between 1868 and 1870 when as many as 1,800 ships manned by 40,000 sailors used to visit Quebec in ons year.\u2018Wooden shipbullding was then a great industry, as many as one hundred ships being built at Quebec in one year, employing 5,000 ship carpenters, \u2018With a trade !fke this going on, perhaps it is not to be wondered at that the merchants of Quebec did not begrudge Montreal the handling of a little grain and some flour, Although Quebec lost ite prestige as the great National Shipping Port, it became a railway centre of no mean Importance, as is attested by the traffic earnings of the four local railways which owe their construction to Quebec peopls, The Quebec Central, the Quebec & Lake St.John, the Great Northern and the Transcontinental, these four roads In 1923 earned $22,000,000 besides giving traffio to the GC.P.R., G.T.R.I.C.R., not a bad record for a city which never hal seen within its limits a locomotive prior'to 1870.The wheat of the Prairie Provnose is all grown north of latitude 9.The nearest seaport is Quebec In latitude 47, Nevertheless 80 pod cent of this wheat is exported via New York, in atitude 40, The distance by ri!l from Winni- peg to Quebec (almost an alr line) !s 1,860 miles: from Winnipeg to New Tork, 1,868 miles; Quebec to TAverpool in 3.633 miles: New York » TAverpool, 3,100 miles.Geography ie w'th Quebec.and the faciiities are made and ready for ues.If advantage is taken of these had not evolved, and when the birth : \"|of the United 8States, through xy Pt ae EX Se «> = 000.00 of our magnificent furniture to make room for our Xmas and New Year's stock.We strongly advise everybody to take advantage of this sale if they aim to save money.2 Chesterfield suites with pearl grey velour $95 00 upholstery; worth $135.00.Sale price.! 4 magnificent Chesterfield suites, trimmed with velour and tapestry of good quality.Finest construc $149 00 tion throughout; worth $185.00.Sale price.! _$120.00 1 superb Chesterfield suite with rich moire upholstery; worth $152.00.Sale price.8 other suites of superior quality, reduced.1 superb Chesterfield suite with rich moire upholstery; worth $152.00.30.8 other suites of superior quality, reduced from 2510 .s.000 000 nsc sc ons onu 00 5 suitesin fumed oak with American leather, upholstered,.7 pieces; worth $43.00.$34 00 Sale price .\u2026.\u2026.\u2026.\u2026\u2026sesecnnenn cn 00000 ! 23 dining room suites at one-quarter their usual price.38 hedroom suites at one-quarter their usual price.Our rugs, and carpets have been cut to one-third their regular price.Felt mattresses; worth $11.00.Cut price .$1.50 35 superb steel beds, Simmons make, finished in walnut.Less one-quarter usual price.Follow up this ad and take advantage of it.Convenient terms of payment.Convenient exchange service.If you wish to exchange your old furniture we will pay highest prices for it.EY tte MARCEAU & FILS - 121 St.Joseph Street Do Your table.with Gas or Electricity And save valuable time.By these modern methods you eliminate much drudgery, if you may call it as such, in connection with .the preparation of your meals.Before the Gas and Electric Ranges were brought to a high state of perfection, such as they are today, much had to be contended with in the preparation of food for the .Now the arranging of a fire, the removal of ashes and that great nuisance, smoke, giving the food an unwholesome flavor are .done away with by having one of these ranges in your home.Call at our Show Rooms and, we will take great pleasure in explain to you just how will benefit by our service.Quebec Power Go.MERGER BUILDING Cooking | opportunities, of its exceptional po- QUEBEC, P e Qsition ag being the nearest seaport Telephone 458 53 St.John Street {10 the Prairie Wheat fields, Queheo ! will regain te importance ae à ship- ving port, will help to direst the, winder trade to Halifax and 8t.John, will regen a portion of the Wentern trade which has besn diverted to | New York, | , Co ype que Se PAPERS COME, PAPERS GO PRESS REMAINS FOR EVER Many Publications In Canada Have Had An Uphill Battle To Fight And In Face Of All Kinds Of Adversities Have .outstanding pubKcations in the great for 40, 50, and even 114 years.The \u201cFor neither can a stream slay Irs | TIO.Won Out Some Have Reached À Venerable Age, Others Are Old In Wisdom, While À Number Of Victims Have Fallen By The Wayside Several Canadian papers have celebrated anniversaries within the last twelve months, among which are two of the most vigorous and western country, and as a preface 10 the present review of the history of at least part of the Canadian jt Press, It seems appropriate to make some reference to the contempor- acles who bave weathered the storm heat way to Introduce those veterans to the publio is probably by reproducing the expression of their own feelings as set forth in the editorials published in their anmversary numbers.\u2018The 114-year-old youthful newspaper is the \"Kingston Standard\u201d, the second referred to is the \u201cWinnipeg Free Press\u201d, and he third is the \"Calgary Herald\".cessfully giving them only them to read; a dally paper which always has striven to de the servant uf the people rather than attempt lic and The Standard takes pride in honestly thinking that it has suc- policy by what is fit for pursued that © be the master.THE WINNIPEG FREK PRESS.Fifty Years Of It.To have been born with a oily and io keep step with it for 50 years: to have outlived all the contemporaries of ita youth, remaining the sole survivor of the many newspaper ventures ties and eighties of lam to hold for this long period an un- challengeable ship and to enter upon its second of the seven- century; position of leader- appearance in the towns and cities, ail of thems youugs: in years than the Free Press; the establishing of achoola.colleges, uni- versitiss, churches, hospitalw; the transformation of the prairie from a rurrway of the buffalo to one of jhe develapment of great private budi- ness enterprises based Upon the pa- turad opportunities of this new land.To al thess movements the Free Press has made ite varied controbu- tion as recorder, narmator, commentator, critic, supporter.While not Nkcly to under-raie its services, as an instrament of opinion Mm developing and advocating policies, the Free Press is Inofined to think that perhaps it te am a medium of publicity that it has helped most.It has been a forum wheres differing minds have debated the courses best to foi- low; a meeting piace for nmvinde and | intovestm: à market-place for buyer and seller: a central and assembling point In the community mind The Free Press has always been an or- æan of opinton.It hes had its views and it has fought for them with a vigor that has made for it many friends and not & few enemies.But it has been throughout pre-emi- .| wently a newspaper.That it should today recognize that its duty to give all the news without fear or favor far outranks its obligation to give the community the benefit of ite opintons would not be remarkable, since this has now become the accepted governing principle of modern journaMsm; but half A century ASO newwpapers were ap: te \u2018be regarded by their directors pri.marity as modiums for propagande (the word was not in uas them, but the fact was much im evidence); and news waa judged chiefly in relation Following are thelr respective [lialf century, superbly housed, com- to the service it could render in saniversary editorials: pletely equipped and strongly en-|, in, up editorial policies.News a ; trenched In the confidence of a papers were In the main political THE KINGSTON STANDARD.[great constituency -\u2014 these are broaduld But the founders of the The Standards Birthday.The Standard dues not feel old in years, tnough today it enters upon fis 114th year.It\u2019s a great thing to have successfully negotiated the 113th hols~\u2014that ls.If \u201cthirtesns™ are really unlucky, as some people say they are.Kor ourselves, we have seen no evidence of it.\u201cTime glides by with constant nwve-, ment not unlike a stream; course, nor can the Tour.\u201d Ysa tima rolls by, and us a French tache plus des rides en l\u2018esprit qu\u2019en visage\" (old age plants more whinkles In the mind than in the face).But every rule has its excen- | tion, and the exception to this rule 18 In the celebrating hy The Stan-! dard today of its 114th birthday.| The Standard will perhaps be par-! carried on to this day, a space of: 114 long years.No huge monument, city marks the last resting piace of Steof lis first take a sober pride.Anewspaper whose career is thus closely intertwined with munity it serves, can lay claim to be in a sense an institution.relationship between such a paper is something (more than a mere matter of busi.It has done something more ithan merely give the community fleeting irom day to day à record of nelgh- :borhood and world events; has received something more than proverb says.\u2018La vieliense nous So merely the dollars and cents which paid for theae routine services, \u2018The Free Press is part of the life 0° this city and country.It can say with Ulysses: \u201cI am a part of all, facæimile\u2014the Free Pres outlined and west.It A newspaper whose career is thus Press, on this Fiftieth anniversary issue, \u2018 has a right to the community hat 1 have met.\u201d Its inextricably intertwined with has ecen noted, doned, If, in a reminiscent frame of | mented upon (and in many ways ae 'and Dominion, what it mind, it thinka of the years which | sisted) the have passed mince Stephen Miles; ®Very Western Inmtitution\u2014smave only them.Fave to Upper Canada its first news.| the moat venerable.While the mud- | paper, which has been successtuliy dy, remote, isolated frontier hamlet f 1872 has been growing into the of today, there Fame, yet he rendered a asérvice to) the railways and their value can not he estimated.He had visions of truly educating the pub- the com- The and It the western interests: and it told com- | governments of the day, provincial has passed before the Free Prems the whols phen Miles, and no mention of him | panorama of western progress: the would be seen in Canada\u2019s Hall of inflow of immigrants: the coming of marvellous Canada which Is indeed one whose expansion; the extension of Manitoha from the petty 1871 to the great province of today: houndaries of Free Press had a truer vision.They knew that giving the news and rendering a service of publicity to the community were the true cormer- stones upon which to build In their firm number they published a creditable summary of outside news and what was equally significant they gave up a large part of the is mia to à detailed \u201cwrite-up\u201d of the village of Winnipeg and the districts which then made up the Red River settlement.This was publicity work done in A very modern manner as our readers can judge for themselves, for these articles are reproduced elsewhere in this anniversary issue.On the editerial page in a satutatory\u2014repeated in this iœuse in advoeacy of sya policy of vigorous the thought of birth and progress of them and what it proposed to do to Here we have the three roots which the Free Prems at its very beginning pushed out in an attemm to take a grip on the community hy which it might draw from it the means of life: News as complete and acourste as ite resources would allow: pubHMcity for the achlevements of the community and encourage ment for the opportunities of the worlds richest granaries; and the! defined, dedicated to the service of Western Canada.Those roots have Sone deep In the last Afty years: and the evidence of the strength derived from them is the Free Pram of today with iis physical esusg w be « business enterprises and à mord son of all men, and its position as power tn the community.Into the making of the Press Press as an institution have gone the orgies and the lives of many me , It is greater than any individual r any combination of individuals: \u2018t has its own corporate life, its tre- ditions, ita memories, its policies Its standards-in short it has i» own individuality the sum of all the energies and labor which dave been expended upon it dy its directors, managers, editors, assistants, employees of all kinds, during halt a century of time.Not one of thess, however minor his position, if he did fiathful work, but added his brick to the structure which has risen through the years.The work of the journaling and newspaper maker is done anony- mousty and in obscurity; the individual ie nothing, the Institution everything.But the Fred Press in this Issue has sought, in some measure, to pay acknowledgement to those who in the past made their contributions of service and have passed on or passed out.Of those who are now engaged in the work of \u201ccarrying on,\u201d nothing has been said beyond what ls necessary to make the story complete; it is not for the Free Press of today to appraise their performances.That, if it is ever done, must be done by others.The next fifty years will improve upon the past and on No-, vember $, 1973, there will doubtless be published from the Free Press of that day an issue which will put this present anniversary number in the shade.It can, at its discretion, do for this generation of Free Press builders what this num- her does for thoss who founded and guided this journal during its early decades.But whether this ts or is not done will not then he a matter of much concern to them.The Frees Press would not have it thought that in these seasonable remarks it overlooks its acknowledgement to its partners who have | made this success posaible\u2014the public.There can be no life in a vacuum: and if the west had re- msined the frontier that it was 50 years ago, ability, enterprise and industry would have been powerless 10 enlarge or improve the Pree Press of that time.It is the people :of the west who -have made pos- jatble its success by their friendship, their generosity, their sympa- |thy and thelr support.ey have got their dividends in such services as the Free Press has been able to er them.This community of ideas, sympathies and Interests has | now long endured; and appears at the moment to be more firmly bas- led than ever before.In this con- 'fidence, regarding the past as merely an earnest of what'is yet to rome, the Free Presa turns its face to the future and goes forward.! THE CALGARY, HERALD | The Herald's 40th Anniversary.Size does not, of course, make the value of any publication: sème future; opinion, vigorous and clearly lof the most precious\u2019 things in af THE QUEBEC CHRONICLE.literature are hel between small covern The Herald well knows that fie readers and their friends will appraise to-day's special edition by its contents and theses have been carefully assembled, both illustrations and letter-preas.We know that the articles and the pletures in this Issue of The Herald will prove interesting and Informative to the people of this city and of Southern Alberts.They tell of the beginaing of Calgery and of the province, and portray the development of them in à manner never before attempt- od.To prepare & special number » comprehensive in its scopes has not been an easy task: it has meant much research and much laborious application.Now that it je given |! to the public The Heraud wiH be best rewarded if Calgary's oitisen'a, and those of the province generally, will make good use of it.Friends in the other provinces of Canada, in the British Isles and in the United States, can be informed of the growth of Calgary and of the development and pregreas of this province in no better manner than by reading this issue of The Herald, which specifically marks the 40th anniversary of the birth of this paper.It will Be of interest to the regular readers of The Herald to know |1 that this edition contains 3% pages, or 656 columns; it has 343 columns of advertising and 308 columns of reading matter and Illustrations, the total number of individual ad-|© vertisements being 110.The editién elrexdy printed exceeds 40,000 copies and many thousands of copies will be sent to Great Britain the States and to other parts of | Canada.All this is In addition to the regular edition of today.The regular paper, of eourse, carries its usual volume of advertising.It consists of 32 pages, making In all an edition of 114 pages.MONTREAL GABBTTE 1778, The Montreal Gazette if not the oldest newspaper in the province may at least claim to be the oldest in Montreal and all the country west of Quebec.It was established in 1778 by one Maspiet, à Frenchman evidently, and was then published in the French language, but being soon discontinued was revived in or about the year 1794, by Mr.Lewis Roy, who appears to have learned the art of printing in the Quebec Gazette office.After his death the establishment was assumed by Mr.E.Edwards, who also appears to have come from the Quebec Gazette office, and by him was extended and published 1n- French and English, the French edition appearing as \u201cia Gaxstte de Montreal\u201d and the English as the \u201cMontreal Gasette At this early period of its existence the Montreal Gasette appeared weekly, and sometimes by-monthly and monthly, accordingly as the mall came in from Quebec, Halifax, and the United Btates, and was published on a sheet of demy with type and ink which was imported from the mother country, like its predecessor in the 17th century, the \u201cLondon Postman Post \u201cCourter,\u201d \u201cNews,\u201d Intelligence: and other t English newspapers which sprung into existence after the expiration DAFCOW SPAOe | I y of the censorship act.The Montals or other original matter, pen had almost nothing to de with its composition.Messrs.Low and Chamberlin November 1863.eal Gasette contained little editori- The It consisted of extracts of news from the English, New York and Philadelphie from the English newspapers during the season of navigation and from the American In winter, The French Revolution, Pitts advent to power\u2014 the siege of Toulon \u2014the firm Italian campaign, Arcola, Lodie, Mantus, the sxpedition to Egypt.Waleheren, Spanish and Russian campaign, the abdication at Fontainebleau, the Hundred Days, and the last great and final strugsle on the plains of Waterloo, are described columns.newspapers, taken Austrelist, the disastrous in fits \u2018The paper was then issued at No.36 Bt.Paul street, in those days the fashionable portion of the city.Mr.Edwards appears to have carried It on until about the year 1804, but long previous to that year he discontinued his two editions and combine them into one, the French portion being a near transiation of the English, the matter contained In both appeared In parallel columns.The advertisements also were nearly all translated: in or about the year before mentioned, Mr.James Brown took share) of the Gazette and removed ft to Xavier street, where he appears to have published it until the year No.20 Mt.Francois 638.Long before that period, as late as 1810, editorials had sppeared In its columns and ft had put on a more business air; Mr.James Andrew Turner appears to have pur- hased it in 1835, and published it at the corner of Notre Dame and St.Jean-Baptiste streets.He was succeeded by Armour and Ramsey, a well known bookselling rm, who carried on business in Bt.Francois Xavier street, and: sold it In turn tn 1843 or 44 to Mr.Robert Abraham, servedly had the reputation of being à spntieman who de- ne of the most vigorous and able writers in the provines: an other flit then took place, the establishment returning to the vicinity of its old local in St.Paul street, and et again it removed to Hospital street.In 1848, it was purchased by Messrs.Forres and Mfine, who shortly afterwards took possession of the building in great St.James street.The paper was later bought by in After several more hanges in ownership the Montreal Gazette Publishing Company was formed as it exists today and in recent years moved into Its present fine building, known as the \u201cGazette bullding\u201d where the paper is published every day and Christmas Day.\u201d \u201cexcept Sundays TRE QUEBEC MERCURY 1806.The \u201cMercury\u201d was founded in January 1806 by Mr.Thomas Cary, « member of the bar of Nova Scotia, and who until his death in 16823, continued to be the editor.The loud and incessant complaints of the paucity of the exiet- Ing Provincial newspapers In point of Information, one of the chief reasons for estab- Hashing this journal, principles of which were stated In were assigned as the general he prospectus to be \"a veneration for the British constitution in ail its branches, a perfect submission to and a respect for the local laws ©.MONDAY, OCTOBER #, 1523.and Go m whith we live: à love of ordets and à sympathetis aappe : of and à for the f very lndby - public and It started as a weekly, at a guinea a year, was published tri- weekly in 1833, and became a dally morning newspaper in January, 1063; it Was much given to fashionable intelligence and reading for the family cirote,.which did not, however, prevent its treating poll.ties in a vigorous style.Later lt was leased to Mr, Blackburn, & gentleman leng and reapeet- ably connected with the pres of Upper Canada, who left it again in the hands of Its former proprietor, Mr.George T.Cary, who purchased the establishment and a copyright from his father in 1 .It became a dally ning paper, and was successfully enlarged from a weekly demi.-quarto in 1805, and s semi-weekly in 1816, to à demi- follo In 1833, when it became a tri- weekly.Some years later the \u201cMercury,\u201d after a very successful career, ceased publication.t THE MONTREAL HERALD, 1811.The Montreal Herald was first published by Mr.Mongo Kay, in the year 1811.He had previously been & merchant of Montreal, and a partner of the then Judge Smithwho died in 1816, when Wilkam Gray became proprietor, and died in 1833; his widow carried on the establishment about two years, when she died, and the property was purchased by Mr.Archibald Ferguson, on the first of May, 1824, and sold\u2019 to Robert Weir on November 1, 1833.On the death of Robert Weir, junior, which occurred in the year 1842, Robert Weir, senior, and David Kinnear became proprietors and remained so until the year 1846, when Mr, Weir retired Irom the busines.David Kinnear then formed a partnership with James Potts, Hon.E.Goft Penny.grandfather of the present Chief Kditor of the Quebec Chronicle, and Andrew Wilson, under the firm of D.Kinnear and Company.James Potts retired from the business, which was continued by the remaining member of the firm, until the death of David Kinnear, which occurred on the 30th of November, 1862.After this period the husiness was carried on by Hon.EB.Goff Penny and Andrew Wilson, under the firm of Penny, Wilson and Company.It later became a joint-stock company under the name of the \u201cHerald Publis - ing Company.\u201d It underwent many changes, but is still to-day published as a dally in the city of Montreal.This paper, the oldest except the \u201cKingston Chronicle,\u201d In central Canada, was established by Mr.Beach in 1820.Mr.Beach came trom Kingston, where he had been engaged in printing the \u201cUpper Canada Herald,\u201d about two years after the Inauguration of the \u201cRecorder,\u201d the late William Buell purchased the paper and became its proprietor and editor; the paper contifued to be the property of Mr.Buell untli the month of June, 1849, Wyliewith many ¢, \u201cRecorder\u201d hsm for Pr after Mr.Wylle disappeared from the astive eeane of 4 and Sad à veiy large en in many parts of the Provinoe of Ontario.DAILY RRITISH WHIG, KING.STON, 1834.The \u201cBritish Whig\u201d waa fist published In January, 183¢, amie Sami-weskly newspaper in the Bdwell and Perry Interests (the Old Reform); but \u2018after & couple of years it because à weekiy sheet; in April, 1642, It became tri-weekly,' Ja January, 1449, it was dally, the tiret In tne Provinos: for though the \u201cMontreal Herald\u201d and the \u201cGasette\u201d\u201c were lesued dally In summer much earlier, yet im winter time they were tri-weskly.\u2018 From 1845 to 1860 was printed an edited by Dr.Bdward John Barker, a London practitioner, who emigrated to Canada In the fall of 1331; at that time Mr.Noble Paimor, a druggist of Mingaton, \u2018 was about publishing the \u2018\u201c8pactater\u201d enguged Dr.Barker as editor, who forthwith abandoned his profession and took up that of a newspaper man.A 8ince those days the \u201cWhig\u201d has undergone several! changes but it still is belbg published as a dally paper.PERTH COURRIER, 1884 Thé \u201cPerth Courrier\u201d was started in 1834 in the town of Jesth by Joba Cameron, sider brother of the Hon, Malcolm Cameron; but before it had been two years in existence, Juhn Cameron \u2018died, and Malcolm conducted the paper for about another year when he sold out to James Thomson.In 1852 Mr.Thomson was appointed Sheriff, when he sold out to Charles Rice who conducted the paper until 1862, when he was appointed clerk of the county court, and at the close of the year he sold out to George Walker, who became proprietor of the paper, When the paper was first started a section of the country of which Perth was the capital, was called the Bathurst district, and the paper was called \u2018The Bathurst Courrier,\u201d which title it retained up to 1367, and counties substituted, the proprietor, Mr.Rice degmed it advisable, as the word Bathurst had lost its significance, to substitute the word \u201cPerth,\u201d the name of the county town and the paper continued to be published under the name of the \"Perth Courrier.\u201d THE GUELPH ADVERTIKER.Previous to 1546 there were two separate efforts made to start a newspaper in Gnelph, after it became a county town, but each failed after a trial of a few weeks.In that year the \u201cGuelph and Galt Advertiser'\u201d was commenced as a woek- ly by Mr.John &mith, who in addition to the ordinary duties of editor, publisher and printer, was his own press man, and on more than one occasion had to make his own delivery in the town.In 1854 the proprietor commenc- od « tri-weokly in addition to the weekly issue but at the end nf two years the opening of the Grand Trunk railway dropped the Toronto when it was purchased hy Mr.7.(Continued on Page Twalve.) \u2014 Manufacturers of EDMONTON MONTREAL, P.Q.THE DOMINION PRINTING INK & COLOR CO.Limited 128-130 PEARS AVENUE, TORONTO, CANADA Stocked and Sold by \u2018 JOHN MARTIN PAPER CO, Limited | WINNIPEG CALGARY CHAS.H.TICE | 128 BLEURY STREET = z == == Made to Suit the Style of Press You Use H A) MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1923.ree National Figures Were = Connected With Papers History a} a distance to be taken for them, Sesause I will admit of no contact ter the future, but such ne is hes- tiie to the mest inveterate degree.\u201d To this the Duc replied:\u2014 \u201cYour letter restores sach of us to our places; it confirms In me the high opinion whish I bave always had of you.! accept your last proposal with pleasure.\u201d \u2018 +: \u2018In June 1794 he ended a long and honcreble career in the service of Mie country, in which he had risen ts much distinetion; but perhaps ast more than his services, high talents and abilities deserved.As à solder he stood foremost in the army, and had won his way by his own merit and his own good sword, owing nothing to influence.- .As a genuins Christian officer, he was esteemed ty all good men, and ever distinguished for his bu- sanity and readiness to relieve the ° A prés singular incident is related by \u2018Haydyn, In his \u201cBook of Dignities.\u201d concerning this good and honors- ble man.He says that after his death, on his corpse being opened for the purpose of being embaimed many bullets by which he had been wounded both in Germany and America were extracted.His re- nains were privately interred im Westminister Abbey.HON.JOHN NEILSON \u2018John Nofison, sixth child of William Neilson and Isabel Brows his wife, was born in Scotland, at Dronald in the parish of Balmaghle, in the stewartry of Kircudbright, on the 17h July, 1776.He received his sarily education in ons of those parish schools of Scotland, which have so greatly contributed to elevate the character of her popula- ton; but the acquirements he brought from school could but have formed the foundation of his subsequent success, Which he mainly owed to his own®assiduity in self Improvement in after life.When about fourteen years of age.his family sent him to seek his fortune in Canada, placing him under the care of his elder brother, Samuel | Nellson, who had just then succeeded his uncle, Mr.W.Brown, in the property and editorship of the Quebec Gazette, which had been first published by him and his partner, Mr.Gtimour, on the 21st June, 1764.Mr.B.Neilson died in 1793, and Mr.M.J.Neilson being yet a minor, the publication of the Gazette was conducted by the Reverend Mr.(afterwards Dr.) Sparks, his guard- lan, until 1798, when Mr.Nellson coming of full age, he assumed the direction of the paper, and from that period it took a new character ef interest and importance.In 1810, the increasing demand for political Mtelligence and the importance of the public questions which began to be discussed in the legislature, Induced Mr.Nellson to enlarge the size of the paper, and to publish it twice & week, and, as had formerly been the case, in both languages Under the management of its ju- diclous editor, the Quebec Gazette acquired a perceptible ani increasing influen: on publie opinion, by \u201cThe ability ahd discretion with which public subjects were discussed In it; the personal influence of ita editor ; maturslly increased with thut of his \u201c fournal; hia capacity for civil affaire Attracted the attention of his fellow zettisens, and in 1014, he was brought forward as a candidate and elected :.to the provincial assembly, as a member for the county of Quebec: } he thus entered upon & new and more important political career; he was now in the full vigor of his age \u2018and ripened intellect, and, as might be expected from his character, he soon took a lead in the active busl- .uèes of the legislature, At an early date after he became a legislator, be turned his attention to the measures necessary for the promo- Uon of two of the most important and enduring interests of clvil soci- ety\u2014education and agriculture: and, as an auxiliary to the latter, he ught to effect an improvement In he system of granting the waste lands, to encourage the survey and exploration of unknown territory .within the limits of the province, and thus to assist the development of the resources of the country.He bors a leading part also in the discussion of the grave questions which, after 1318, occupied the puh- llc mind, and led to differences between the executive government and the Assembly, as to the control and :the appropriation of the public revenues\u2014the accusations brought .against public functionaries\u2014the plurality of office, and the alleged \u2018 ébuses or evils in the adm!nistration ,b2 gbvernment, Mr.Nellson's con- fet was marked by firmness and Impartiality, and by that spirit of imstice which was part of his Invidual character., But as the Quebec Gazette was ployed by Government as the ; icle of public notifications, and might thus be ropresented as In : e sort its organ, Mr.Neiison, in \u20184828, In order to free in his poll- 1 capacity from even the appear- © of any such connection, trans- .the whole establishment to \u20181hje son, Mr.8.Nellson, who, shortly Afterwards, accepted a commission (from the government as king's printer and editor, and for about a year the paper bore the Imprint, by authority\u2019, But the commission ving been revoked .in 1833, the azette resumed and henceforth re- .\u2018tained the character of an independ- gent paper, which it had borne sinoe fib establishment.\u2018The disputes between the execu- ,Uve government and the Assembly, oh financal matters, had, In 1813, l'apparentiy become so irreconcilable, tat the Imperial Government, .preaped at the same time by Upper : Ghaada to interfure in & question , 98 finance pending between the two wi determined to propose to .rilament to ro-unite the prov.Ances.The Intelligence of this meas- created general uneasiness .4Mnong & large part of the people of - ower Canada, and a strenuous op- Position to it being aroused, it was rmined by those adverm to it ¥ send delegates to England with presentations againet it.Me.Metison was chosen as the delegate from the district of Quebec, and Me, Fapineau, for that of Montreal, and through their remonstrances, sup- dy the influence of Sir Jintosh in Parliament, or rather his withdrawal of the assistance den the government nad under.him t6 have premised, the re wea te 1688, ahandoned «| {Continued from Page Seven.) In 1833, the discussions between the local goveroment and the Assembly having become more and more exasperated, & petition af grievance was sent to England, addressed to the Sovereign and Par ment, complaining of the administration of the government, and pearing the names of upwards of 80,008 Inhabitants of thé province.Mr.Neilson was again chosen as a delegate jointly with Mr.D.B.Viger and Mr.Cuvillier, to support the complaints and demands of-the petitioners before the imperisl authorities; and a commities uf jaquiry having been appointed by the House of Commons, Mr.Neilson snd the other delegates were examined with many other witneases; and à report was made favorable in the main to the views of the petitioners, On the 29th of March, 1336, Mr.Neflson received the thanks of the House of Assembly for hig | on this mssion to England.Nor was this vote of thanks the only public mark of approbation which Mr.Neilson's services to the peoples called forth.In January, 1831, a stiver vase, which cost one hundred ard fifty guineas, (raised by publie subscription) was presented to him at s public dinner, given to him by a large number of his fellow citisens, in testimony of their gratitude for his services in England, in 1328 and 1338.This tribute bore the following inscription: \u201cA John Neilson, Ecr., MP.P.depute deux fois aupres du parlement Imperial pour defendre les droits des Canadiens; ce leger tribut de reconnaissance lui est offert en memoire des services qu'il & rendus au pays, et comme un hommage à ses vertus civiques.\u201d His career was in nothing more remarkable than for his constant desire to maintain the ancient institutions, usages, and social arrangements of the French Canadian portion of the population; and he vigorously opposed the measure called \u201cLe Bill des Fabriques' in 1831, which he considered as a needless and mischievous eacroach- ment on the laws and customs by which the parochial church oe.| to the Presbyterian Church at Valtions had hitherto been governed, and, as tending to create disorder and confusion, where tranquility and contentment had generally prevailed before.In the session of 1834, the celebrated ninety-two resolutions on the e of the country (which a MI of the Crown described as a \u201cpaper revolution\u201d) were adopt- sd, and were brought before the Imperial Parliament.in a position, calling for organic changes in the constitution, and the general adoption of the elective principle.Those who desired to maintain the constitution of the country unimpaired formed themselves into \u201cConstitutional Associations,\u201d throughout the Province, and sent home petl- tions to the Government and Parliament in England.True to his principle of seeking administrative and opposing constitutional changes Mr.Neilson accepted the appointment of a delegate from Quebec, associated with Mr.Walker, an advocate, of Montreal, to carry these petitions to England, a urge the objects of them th Upon this third mission Mr.Nellson proceeded to England, In the spring of 1835, and communioated with the new Colonial Becretary, Lord Glenelg; but, in the month of July, the British Cabinet determined to transfer the further inquiry into these political distractions to the Province itself, by recalling Lord Aylmer, and sending out Lord Gosford, as Governor-In-Chief, with a commission also, jointly, with two others, as commissioners of Inquiry.Mr.Neilson, consequently returned Immediately to Canada.In this year, the health of his son, the Editor of the Gazette.which had been for some time falling, sank under the labor of a daily publlica- tion, and he was obliged to go to the south of Europe; and having dled at New York, on his return to his tamlly, his father, at the age of three scors, whole suffering under this afflicted bereavement, and the disappointment of his hopes, resumed his editorial labors, in order to maintain the old establishment.When the act of union passed, Mr.Nellson came forward, and was elected without opposition, as member for his old County of Quebec, in the united legislature.One of the first measures to be Introduced by him was an act to restore to the electors of the suburbs of Bt.Roch and St.John the right of vot- Ing for members, which had been taken away from them by the electoral arrangement under the act of union., : On the formation of & new Government, in November, 2848, he was urged to accept the honorable post of Speaker of the Legislative Council, but he declined it, as he had uniformly declined every office of emolument, !n fulfilment of a public declaration be once made to his constituents, and it was not till the sessidn of 1344 that he consented, though the offer had hefore been frequently made to him, to become a member of that branch of the Legislature.He was now verging to the appointed period of three score years and ten, and his constitution betrayed the inroads of age.He still, however, continued to take that active part which he considered to de his duty, as a member of society, In all public measures, either with- In the legislature or without, which appeared to him conducive to the public weal.It was at last in discharging a voluntary duty that he had taken upon himself, hy attending with his brethren of Bt.Andrew's Socloty, to receive the representative of his sovereign with due honor on his visit to Quebec.In October, 1847, that Mr.Nelison brought on himself the malsdy which proved ultimately \u2018tata! to him; he was on that occasion exposed for n considerable time to a chilling rain, but persisted in remaining to read the address of \"his fellow citisens to His Excellency on hig first arriva) in the Ancient Capital of Canada, He was shortly after taken ii), and never fully shoqk off the dls.esse, but in apite of increasing weakness, his spirit fatfed him not, nor his habits of application to business; #0 thai neither hi family nor his medical attendants percely.od the fAU avtent of d'a Gnngee, J successively and it may be said that he \u201cdied in harness, for the very evening be- tore his death, he wrote off for the next lasue of the Gazette, and with a steady hand, And simost without obliteration.tke two remarkable articles, his last impressive words te \u2018his fellow citizens, which appeared in the Gasstte of 31st of January, 1843; tbe following day be was no more.As à public journalist, hie labors, ærend over thirty.volumes of the Gazette, aîtest his industry, ability, tirmpess and moderation, in delivering to the public the opinions upoh the various subjects of poli- tiesl discussion which occupied the public ettention oftentimes during the periods of great difficulty and agitation.is style of writing hs was & model for journaliste\u2014 plain, simple, concise, terse ond idiomaticaity English.His forte lay In compressing into a small compass of well arranged thoughtsana well chosen words, what ordinary writers would spread over columns with a flux de paroles.To his earnest pursuit as a legislator, of what seemed to him to be for the public good, ample testimony Is afforded by the statute booka of the Province, and the journals of the legislative bodies to which he belonged.As a member of society, sincerely alming at the welfare of all, he was remarkable for the absence of seit-sseking\u2014carried even to the extent of sacrificing or neglecting hia personal ioterest; this, freedom from esltish views, and his clear integrity, kept him out of the vortex of those petty intrigues, which, in colonies especially, are often used by meaner minds, aa the crooked paths to attain wealth or power; if he had a feeling of contempt for any permon, it was for those who trod such paths.In social intercourse he was remarkable for a natural good breeding, a constant cheerfulness, good humor and pleasantry that showed a mind and a heart well polsed within; habitually under the infly- ence of true benevolence, disturBed by no angry passions, and enjoy- Ing \u201cthe ceaseless sunshine of a kindly breast.Mr.Nelisons funeral took place on the 4th of February.He was interred according to his own qx- pressed desire, in the burial ground which had been given by himselt cartier, in the progress and prosperity of which he had always taken a deep interest.To that romantic spot his remains were followed by a long concourse of mourners, on one of the stormiest days of the season.B the\" funeral service over him was in St.Andrews Church, Quebec, which was crowded with citisens, both of French and British origin.The Rev.Dr.Cook officiated at the service and delivered an appropriate and feeling address.SIR DAVID WATSON.Major General Sir David Watson was born on February 7, 1869, the Watson, Public Schoolsvice of the Chronicle Printing Company, Quebec in 1891, when à young man, and was continually engaged in active journalism with that institution to the time of his death.His marked ability singled him out for steady promotion and he became manager, secretary, general manager (1204) and managing director (1906) of the company of which he finally heid a large controlling interest.The Quebes Chronicle it may be said, is the oldest newspaper in Canada, having been founded by General Murray, first British Governor of Quebec in 1764.In 1909 he was a delegate to the Imperial Press Conference held In London, England.Sir David was a remarkable all- round athlete In early youth, being a director of the since-defunct Quebec Athletic Association, and a member of the following Quebec clubs: lacrosse, cricket, hockey, rugby, football and association football and played on & number of champion.«hip teams whose fame je now « matter of Metory.He was also a member of the Quebec Rifle Association and Lhe recognized quarter mile champion runner of the district.More recently he had been an active playing member of the Qusbec Golf Club and the Victoria Curling Club of Quebec.For over twenty years Sir David was a member of the militia: joining the 8th Royal Rifles, Quebec, as a private and rising.through all ranks to the colonelcy., He recelv- ed an appointment from the Federal Government to command a rifle company in the Canadian Coronation contingent, at the Coronation of His Majesty, June, 1911, and held both the Long Service and the Coronation medals.AA the outbreak of the World War Major General Sir David Watson was one of the first to vokinteer for active service, leaving Canada September, 1914, in command of the Rec ond Battation of the First Canadian Division.He was promoted to command the Fifth, Rr'aade in the Second Canadian Division, August 19185, \u2018and again to cdmmand the Fourth Canadian Divison, April, 1916, which pas he retained throughout the remainder of the war.Sir David, was mentioned in de.patches seven times.He was creat- sé C/B., January, 1917, Commander of St.Michael and ft.George In the same year, and was knighted by Fila Majesty in January, 1918, He was Commander of the Tegion of Honor of France, also holding the Croix de Gluerre: Commnder of the Order of Leopold, with the Croix de Guerre of Belgium: and Co nder of the Order of Danilo of Montenegro.After his return to Quebec on hs concluston of: five years of active service, Bir David resumed the direr- tion of the Quebec Chronicle and also interested himeelf in financial maitera of important financial and industrial concerne He wne vice-premident of the Bankers\u2019 Corporation, the Montgage Discount and Finance Company.of the Davie &hipbuilding Company: also à director of the Provincia) Trust Company and others.About two years later he was appointed by the Federal Government to the chairmanahip of the Quehae Hethour Commiasion, wh'ch had been resigned by Hen.D.O 1'Esperance, and he threw himself with characteristic energy Into the task of huidint up the hkrbor whose ac- tivitiee had been somewhat rortafl.od through the war, not only suc cr en son of Willlam and Jean (Grant) and educated in Quebec He entered the ser-.ag 11 hoinping grain Le QUERUE\u201d SCALE for Lis où THE.QUEBEC CHRONICLE, for export, in large quantitios for the firm time, but turned an annual de:dcit io & substantial surplis during the fiseal year of 1981.Following the change in Government of December 6, 1931, Mir David re signed from the Harbor Commis slog.Though never taking an +0 tive personal part in polit'es he was always keenly idterested in the course of pubilo events and was by conviction an Independent Conservalve In sympathies.Sir David Watson married Marydaughter of Wesley Browning, Quebec, in 1896, by whom he had (hres daughters, the eldest of whom predeceased him Clubs: Garrison, Quebec, Royal Automobile, London, England: St Jeanes, Montreal; Society: A.¥.& A.M.Past Depu\u2018y Grand Muster fot Quebec and Three Rivers.His Businces Record.Sir David Watson, after leaving scheol, took a position in the busi- neas department of the Chronicle during the lifetime of Mr.J.J.Foote, then propristor and aémin- istrator.He was but & short time in the employ when he attrasted the attention of Mx.Foote by his will Ingnems and energetic activities in connection with the office and newspaper publication and won the oon- fidence of his employer as well as the entire stadf of the business department.Ambitious and quick to learn he soon became a valuable as detant and at the time of the death of Mr.Foote was confidenttal clerk.At the death of the propristor of the Chroniole, Mr.Horace Wallace was appointed manager, and later he was succeeded by Sir David Walwon.In the meantime the heirs of the late Qdr.J.J.Foote sold ther Interests to & eyndicate of Quebac gentlemen, which gesulted in the ewtablsbment of the Quebec Chronicle Printing Company, when the late Hon.John Sharples was elected presi@ent.This was the beginning of a new and progressive period of the Chronicle under the management of Sir David Watson, who by his clowe application to business, energy and efficiency, increased the circulgtion and caused it to rank as the leading newspaper in the Province of Quebec, east of Mon real.In fact the demand for ° mace necemitated thet new and more epacious premises should be found, with the resuit that the entire plant was removed from the corner of Mountain Hill and Sault au Matelot street to the present premises in the upper-town.In the meantime methods of printing and newspapers md changed, which required new machinery, up-to-date presses and linotype setting roa- chines, which ld away with hand type setting.The successful management of the Chronicle was not only due to the business abllity of the young manager but aleo by him splendid judgment of people and treatment of the employses who worked with him in every branch of the publication.He won the esteem and affection of his employees hy his square dealing and the confidence he reposed in them, while they in turn worked toyally and faithfully with the best that was in them to enable him to make s complete success of hls management.He aiso took & deep Interest in the Sth Royal Rifles.Joining as a] private he ross from the ranks to a Meutenant, captain, major, .and finally colonel in command, which he held at the outbreak of the war, August, 1914, when he volunteered hie services for active service In France.This wea the beginning of a great war career tht led to the high and distinguished honors conferred upon him by his King and Country.Ome of the features which Sletinguished the late Sir David Watson was his placid temperament under all conditions.He was never known to lows his temper In the field of sport, and often by his genial good-natured disposition threw oil on troubled waters which was one of the secrets of his winning friendship of hiw opponents as well as the affection of his legion of friends.He followed this course through hie every walk of lite, taking life philosophically but with the determination of his Reottish ancestors, who would never annvit defeat.None feit the loss of Sir David more keenly than the men who were associated with him on the Chronicle By his friendship and kindnesw for all he hetd a place in their heurte which could never be filled.Idea Of Publishing News Much Older Than Printing (Continued from Page Two.) were started, ved a few years and Gemised.In 1699, the \u201cEdinburgh Cazette\u201d, \u2018then followed the \u201cEdinburgh Courant\u201d, which soon merged Into the \u201cScotch Courant\u2019: but it ia not necessary that we should per- sue the progress of the Scotch press, and will therefore barely say that \u2018ft had troubles of its own to connect with, like the English press.all of which were happily overcome in dus time.The first Irish newspaper seems to have been started in 1690, and was 1 | | 1727, he removed h» establishment te tthodes Letemi, where he com- meonñces the \u201cKhudes lvlund Gaze:-| te.In the same year, Lhe \u2018ew singland JournaY' was surted at Bumon by Whilteieid and suwards, and in 1751, en other paper wpe: - au, dise AL bomon, cased Lhe \u201cWerkty Mehearuni\u201d.In 1444, à group OC ardent young patriots projected ani.brought out the \u201cIndepundent Adverisser\u2019, which aking a ground! against the Governor of that day, | got into considerable trouble.| Philadelphia wus not fas behind Bomon, for in 1719, the \u201cAmeican Weekly Miscellany\u201d, was Lomme ced thore, and In 1738 thy \u2018J'enneyl- vania Gessite\u201d followed.Feanktin, Who had left ba brother s | employment, was chsaged upoa Lhs paper, and manceuvered to enginesr the proprietor, Keimer, out, and to Put himeelt into his piece.New York was rather alow at first In the newspaper line, for R was not until 1788, that the \u201cNew York Oasette\u201d appeared.The next paper was the \u201cWeekly Journal\u2019 eælab-; lished in 1733, and it senn commenced to attack (he Government, It fared precisely ithe all other jour- uals given to fuuriess -riticism.I was prosscuted, and immense efforts were made to oruah it, but the Jury acquitted the printer.The tried had excited extraordivary intorest and ! victory.Later the paper died out, | not so much for want of the sub- ecrption ha as for want of the mosey due the establisbment, many of the subsiribere never thinking it ne- | lessary to pay up.The poor owner of the paper appealed to them, and offered to take flour, ham and butter | or anything else, cash; but though many owed even for seven years, the provisions were | not sent, and the very next year after | the pitious appeal the \u2018Weekly Journa¥' died of starvation, In 1743, an other paper, \u201cWeekly Poxboy\", commenced vareer; but soon went out of exist- anos, In various other places in what were then the colonies, attempts were made to establish newspapers but the faliures were much mors numerous than the successes, and on | the whole, it may be said that before the revolution or rebeMon, the progress of the prems was both siow and uncertais.The next few years were deting- ulshed by the convulsions which wrested the thirteen great colonles from Great Britain, and during the struggles the press did good service so the revotutionary party.The first paper publæhed In the colonies of British North America, which continued faithful to the mother country, was the \u2018\u201cBarbado™w Gazette\u2019, commenced in 1731 by Samues Keimer.The next was estab- fished in Grenada in 1742, but its name ls not given: then came the \u201cSt.Kitts Gazette\u201d, in 1748.cl Its HAMILTON SPECTATOR, 1846.Mr.Robert Reid Smiley, a practical printer, originally of Kingston, founded the \u201cSpectator\u201d in 1846.The first number a bl-weekiy on the 15th of July, 1346; it was the only semi-weekly in what was then known as Canada West, but was soon followed by six others, all published in Hamilton, but which only had 8 very short existence.On the 23rd.of May, 1860, the first number of the weekly edition of the \u201cSpectstor\u201d was fspued and on the 10th of May 1363, & dally edition was add- od.All these editions continued to be lesued.Mr.Smiley died in the spring of 1884 and was succeeded by his brother John and Mr.W.Gillespy.as proprietors.In 1867 a change took place, Mr.Smiley leaving \u2018the firm and Mr.Alexander Robinson taking his place.This partnership was dissolved in 1861, since which time Mr.W.CHilespy continued to be the sole editor and publisher.The \u2018\u201cHamitton Spectator\u201d is still one of the leading newspapers in the Province of Ontario, serving a very large community and has grown into one of the most influential publications in that pertion of the country, \u2014 \u2014\u2014 Niagara Falls has the largest step-up transforming station in the world.Candda has one of the thickest known coal seams in the world\u201447 fest\u2014at Stellarton, Nova Scotia.Benjamin 9 Ë the verdict was hailed as a national | §4 if they had wo YY 8 5% iE BA A AS AAA A D AA AL CESSE SIL SITE SCT THE BEST : * 2} - a .bd : bé 0 ~~ For -Your Table} That's what you want, isa\u2019t it?\u2018The best for the same money\u2014to place before your à family or friends.You should therefore always insist on getting pe % MARQUE HEN DE CHOIX RY TILA 1 -, béni Len congé EE Ne CMT TLL a oP RENO COFFEE: Done up in ome-half and one pound her metically sealed tins; expellent to serve at all times, but espe- clally at breakfaut.RENO COCOA: Will be highly appreciated by both young and old.Is excellent t0 serve to your guests.* RENO TEA: Done up in one-half and one pound packages.This tea is unequalled.Always ask for Reno Coffee, Tea, Cocoa.On sale at all good grocers.J.B.Renaud & Co.Inc.ST.PAUL STREET Quebec, P.Q.HIGH-GRADE MILL SUPPLIES Modern methods of manufacture necessitate the employment of In 1764 When the QUEBEC GAZETTE was first published, methods were crude and undeveloped.} In 1877 When our firm was established by F.H.ANDREWS Senior and Junior, Power Transmission requirements were more exacting, and since that time we have been furnishing the Trade with HIGH GRADE TRANSMISSION SUPPLIES, including NORTON GRINDING PULLEYS, LEATHER AND RUBBER BELTING, LACE LEATHER, ENGINE PACKINGS, GREASES, OILS, Etc., al' of which is strictly up to date, and the best that knowledge, experience and capital can produce, We also keep in stock GUTTA PERCHA CORD TIRES and, AUTOMOBILE ACCESSORIES 77 F.H.ANDREWS & SON 13 PHONE 205 253 ST.PAUL STREET, QUEBEC mr called .the \u201cPues Occurrences\u201d.The next, \u201cFalkener's Journal\u201d was in 1728: the th'rd, the \u201cWaterford Flying Pom\u2019 came out the next year ! The \u201cReifast News Letter\u201d was com- | .menced in 1737 and la still one of thr i leading Irish dailles.As may be ! supposed, in Ireland as sisewhere, à ° good many sheets were commenced, | contented with difficulties, exerted a certain amount of Mmfluence, and | subsided into oblivion; but the number of newspapers in that country, , was very much iarger In proportion than In Scotland: In 1781, there ! were only three published: in 1700 there were 27; and in 1796 there wore 35.i | The Colonial Dress sprang up very soon after the fret complete newspaper had bean established In Enajland.The firs\u2019 colonial Journal and { we believe the very first paper prnt- ied on this continent, was the \u201cBose ton News Latter\u201d.ounded by John Campbell, bookse'ler and postrmas- ,ter, on April 24, 1704, and which \u2018lasted until 1774.In 1719, the \"Heston Gazette\u201d was commenced by Willlam Booker.a director of ponts; \u2018hen in 1781, James Franklin, eMer brother of Henjamin, marred the \u201cNew England Courant\u201d.and Like the sarly priat- _ere in England, got Into a variety of poliensts Ba Man One who w The Choice of The Practical Business his accounting department would do well to have installed our Loose Leaf Ledgers They.are the choice of many of the leading merchants in this city, because of their servicability and very fine finish.Write, phone or call and we will be pleased T.J.Moore & Co.Ltd.\u2018 Telephone : 52 | t | s 8 ishes for up-to-date methods in to furnish particulars.~« Stationers Founded 1883 QuEsEC .118 Mountain Hill TH QUEBEC CHRONI À CENTURY AND À NEWSPAPER GROWTH AND OF PROGRESS À HALF OF ND DEVELOPMENT Founded In 1764 The \u201cQuebe Ever Since And Is Still ¢ Gazette\u201d Has Been Published Issued Today\u2014\"The Quebec Chronicle\u201d Is A \u201cYounger\u201d Offspring ee eee.From the point of view of lonze- vity, if nothing else the Chronicle may justly claim to he the most remarkable of the world's mewspaperw that are In existence at the present timo.It was founded within tive years of the opening of the British regime in Canada.as the Quebec Gazette, and for some fifty years enjoyed official status as the medium of publication of Goverument announcements: thus possessing the right to display the Koyal coat-of-arms, Probably for this reason the (uzette Was also à pioneer of bilingurllsm: for many years it was printed in French and English until the development of the French language press in this: the practice no Province made longer necessary.The Mort: ished as a d ron:cle was estab- enterprise In 1847 but a few jeans late: the two papers Le n ei ti à COMMON ownersh.p, x:5ce when the pulilidh- ers have . tu ! admiration for the people of French ing such à 4 Canada which led him to pursue a, podey of conciation ard enlichren- ment of which the inauguration of the Quebec Gazette as an official newwpajer formed only a part.In \u201cOld Queber\u201d, Sir Cilihert Parker writes of the period: \u201cthe.Tiers Etat awoke to its latent Jdestis mothe IMh vf Au beaveiy forth trem doe ancient battlements ol Sifter the enumy battu win encamped amd ot are, but he speed men in calumn amd LE took place.now is Keberal bat- Known ag thw ny thirty vears hefors the eame second Fattie of Qu \u201cThis realisation cama to Paris: and it Wan.vntest was even ni feercely the new principles of government ; muintuined thun the ! vod the which achieved thia hloodl revo.| ak tire kept up! ~u, lution.The planet cit'men felt | (urce of the French a new puise within him as saon as able leadership of he maw the trend of the English eys- | duced such telling effect, that Mu tem.Instead of heing kept in the | ruy ordered u retreat, carrying wi dark se to what was taking place in I him all his wounded, to the num- the outside world, ha found a ! ber of seven hundred, but leaving strange msolicude in h'gh quarters | his guns behind.He has been to keep him informed on cvery aub- much condemned to sacrificing hus ject of public importance.Under TER, and attacking such ou larze and superior force, und has there.General Murray & newspaper wan: _ entahliehed, the Quebec Gazette, \u2018UTE been dexignated rari 1 which began as a weekiy in 1764.\" hotheuded\": but, whoever sur < Ti that record uf our 1 y valuniy ypical of the man was his sn Vaud dispassionately, cannot but ade proud declaration.\u201cI glory in RAVING pire the man and his brave and heen accused of warmth and Arm.|; eg conduct.tle did Dis duty, ness in protecting the Kinæ'# Can- land perfurmed it better \u2018han could adian subjects.and of daing the üt-lhave been expe ted, for Info moat in my power t& gain to NY) vighteen hundred of the ene deud roval master the affections of that |on the field, and only lus: about brave.hardy people, whose emig as |ihree hundred vf hit own men, his tion, {f {t should ever happen, Would |coolness and self-possesson havins be an irreparable loss to this empire\u201d.The merdinæ of the Morning\u2019 Chronicle and the Quelec foldowed the close of the long career of Hon, Dr.Nedison.the great civilian sta\u2018es- man of Chronicle history.He wan a lineml descendant of one of the first proprietor of the Quehse; Gazette and was almost horn in ite, editorial chair.A contemporary cf, the famouse Nationalist, Papineau, he was one of those who identifica l himæelf in honda of friendship with the French-Canadians and who tought courageously for the consti- | tutional Mherty of Canasia in general and Tower Canada in particular.Dr, ; | Neilmon Was not only & forceful and gifted writer hut an eloquent mpeaker and him life and principles, like thome of General Murray, form part of the great inheritance of tra-! ditfon ponssesmed by those Who today direct the palintes of this newspaper The Chronicle of the present day | was made by Major Sir David Wat.| mon, whose whole business career | wan devoted to its service.Dexin- | ning at the bottom of the ladder at an early age he climbed steadily to the ton: dying in the position of almost aole proprietor, President and Managing Director, While M was left for the present company to carry out the modernisation of the Chronicie building that had been long contemplated hut, delayed, dike m0 many other plans, by the world war, it was Sir David, who mainly developed the plant as K now exists.After his return to Quebec from five years of the most hriltant war services and in the short time before his sudden death, he made important additions to #| equipment tn the @ereotvping.Job press and linotype department, Under hin administration also, the local And telegraphic news services, nt the paper were materially advanced: whils the aise of the sheet! was increased from seven to eizht\u2019 columna in line With modern news | paper practice ir David te affectionately remem- hered hy all who served under him and Hg contribution to the progrean of the Chronicis was ro lems impor.| tant than hin contribution to the Allled victory which will never be forgotten and which undoubted\u2019y helped to shorten his life.JAMES MURRAY.Of all the men who have served and fought for Canada, no one de- rerves more highly to he remember vd, or ls more entitled to our esteem and gratitude than the brave.und valorous gencral, whore name graces the head of this notice.But for him and his judicious, manly and exemplary conduel, Creat Britain would not so sly have obtained vi avsslon of Canada.General James Murray was à, n son of the fourth Lord Elibank.He early entered Into the service of | hia country, and served for nome | time on the continent of Europe.| On the expedition being fitted out for the conquegt of Canada, he wan included in it, and led a brigade { much intimidated the Fremh, Non, however, he had & great rare wi trusted to him, the manier of vf the reasrd wounded and the defen» city, with a small aud de torce within the MONDAY, OCTOBER 2% 1 CANADA IS THE LAND OF OPPORTUNITY WITH AMPLE NATURAL RESOURCES Vast Wealth In Undeveloped Mining\u2014Agrioulture Makes Of The Dominion The Granery Of The Worid\u2014Finanoing \u201cer Qwn Enterprises And Undertakings\u2014 Beauties Of \"+ _Soenaty Of lmmensa And Extensively Varied, Stretoh of Country Writing in the Canadian supplement of s recent issue of the \u201cShelf19M4 Independent\u201d J.Obed Smith, JP, F.R.G.B., gives soms very interesting facts about the Dominlon.Canada, he says, has added capital to her already great wealth, by making two bindes of grass grow where one grew before.This added wéalth cannot fail to produce uitl- mate results of a definite permanent character for the people of the Deminion.\u2018fbere is a fair Indicatien of ptublilty and progress in the country when In the course of a decade material improvement in the peoples condition In self-evi- dent.Following are some from Mr.Bmith's article: To show the Increase in wealth in Canada he asks the following questions: Are thers more ships belonging to Canada afloat than there were ten years ago?Is there more mile age avaliable In railways and tramways?la the gigantic natural water poger of the Dominion being used to an sxtent four or_five times more than any previous year?Has the production of grain, fodder, crops, and live stock greatly increased?Te Canada selling more to other countries than In any previous year?Ars her people putting more mavings Into the banks?Has the telephone system extended in every province more than any other,coun- extracts tfy in the world?Is the atandarä | of living higher than it is in the British Islen?The anawer in in the affirmative, and it the production and purchase of motor-cars is any criterion, Canada Stands Sccond in The World with a motor-ear for every fourteen living moulin, counting men.women and children, and of this vast number 37 per cent.are owned by the farmers of the Dominion.This may not entirely be an Indication of prosperity; !t may be a epeci- men of extravagance which every clams of person In cvery country seemed disposed to practise as a result of the war, but it is not a condition which ia Irremedinble: with the reduction In the cost of production that is Inevitable and with the event of a firm world market price for natural products, the year 1923 bids fair to become once more an Average successful and prosperous period (or the Domn The total value of field 4 in Canada in 1972 was $52,- 6,308 more than 1921, according to a preliminary estimate by prov- fnces made by the Dominion Bureau of Statistica.Wheat values totalled $91,030,000 and oats 350,- 009,000 more than in 1921, For td whole of Canada, the total value of the principal fleld crops estimated amounts to $984,138,600, as compared with $931,863,670 in 1931.Value of cereal production was as follows: .1028.1921.Wheat .3323,966,000 3242,926,000 Oats., 197,783,000 146.395,300 Barley .33,783,000 28,284,150 Hay and Clover 195,720,000 267,764,000 By provinces, the total value of the fleld crops was:\u2014Prince Béward Island, $10,388,800; Nova Scotla, $24,236,000; New Brunswick $81,657,100: Quebec, $167,599,000; Ontarlo, $233.656,000: Manitoba, 3104,830,000; Saskatchewan.$239.~ 138,600: Alberts, 394.36 ; Bris tish Columbia, $18,346,000.It 18 estimated that Western Canada\u2019s wheat crop last year will bring in a profit of $45,650,628, divided as follows: Manitoba, $8,198,780: Saskatchewan, $28,777,250; and Al- , 38,654, These figures are Lase@ on the last Government «siimate of return.Most people would be surprised to be told that Canada comprises one third the ares of the British Emplre; that It is as large as 30 United Kingdoms, 19 Germany's on pre-wac dimenmsions\u2014that it.ie 18 times the size of France, 30 times the size of Italy, and that it is larger than the United States, including Alaska, by 111,092 square milena.Naturally In a country of such vast dimension thers must be a wide variety of climatic and other conditions While the South is shining In brilliant sunshine, and the orchards are responding to the warmth that ripens the luscious peach.In the open, the denizen of the North may be going round his traps prepared for a\u2019blizzard which would causé him far more discomfort than an interview with a bear.In the Eastern parts of Canada folk naturally find themselves confronted by conditions that are reminiscent of home.It waa here, of course, that Europe first came into contact with the red man, and effected a footing that for gener- Allons was precarious and would have been romantic hed it not so often been tragic.Here, too, for generations was continued the uncertain struggle for supremacy between France and England, which was finally decided on the Plains of Abraham.Here, too, are to be tound the Old World Villages, the picturesque farmsieads and cottages, the creeper-clad churches that remind the inypmigrant of his home In the O18 Country, \u201cfar, far, across the sen.\u2018 Here, also, one makes acquaintance for the first me with the peculiar wooden \u201csnake\u201d fences that one never aces at home.Timber waa plentful in Canada in those days and cheap.Times have changegt-stince then and some of those old \u201csnake\u201d have proved valuable acquisitions to their owners These Eastern provinces of Canada\u2014Nova Scotia, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island and Ontario, have features that make an appeal to many for whom the free life of the wide open prairie presents little attraction.There are here hundreds of communities in which one might absolutely forget that they are thousands of miles trom the British Islands.The old familiar language is heard In school and church, playground and mart.Not long go, 50 the story goes, a Scotsman, fresh from \u2018\u2019Caledonia stern and > Cu get.An unusual value at See Yourself ; in the \u201cCambridge\u201d The season s smartest overcont ! Made in a double breasted model, with biuff odged lapels, set-in sleeves, patch pockets and tram stitching.The removable three-piece belt gives you three coat styles in one.T The fnnous Qoléwyn Trise, sn exclusive feature, adds greatly te the style and cocnfert of the \u201cCambridge.\u201d Mads of allowed ant ings ia sand and Belgian bis, with plaid backs.Raymond, Binet & Co.93-95 St.Joha St.Branch Store: 773 St.Valier $35 wild arrived at one of the Can- «dian ports, and not being disposed to patronise a taxi, asked from a ing negro the way to a oeriain otel.\u201cGang up there, and tak tho see vné street the left, and ye'tl find it faclag ye,\u201d sald a negro in broad Jantes accents te the Celt.\u201cHoo lang hae ye bean here?\u201d asked the Scot in amasement.\u201cFower months,\u201d said the negro.\u2018\u201cFower months only, and a face ke that.I'l ga hame by the verru next boat,\u2019 said the Scot, apparently believing he was conversing with a brother Highlander whose complexion had been cam- oufiaged by the Canadian sun.Quebec, with her Frensh associ atlons, Is somewhat apart from her theres sisters.Here, of course, as might be expecied, French characteristics are manifest, but Quebec has afforded a home amid delightful surroundings, a good living and something more, to thousands of British settlers, and there ls room for à large number of thelr compatriots.Daliying Is largely the b:anch of farming that finde favour; this of course, being influenc- *d by the presence of Montreal, Quebec, and other.large centres of lnduatry.In addition to dairying thers are numerous other Industries encouragéd by the presence of cop- lous possibilities In the shape of water power, Lumbering, mining and fishing all contribute to the revenue of the Province.Nor must ona overlook the garden province of Prince Edward and \u2014 the smallest of Cana territorial progeny.Tucked In along side Nova Bcotla and New Brunswick, one is liable to pass this Province un-noticed.Farms and a good liv- Ing are to be had here too, but its comparatively diminutive dimen- elons prevent it from figuring so largely in the emigration market ns attractions warrant.It ia not thus all over the Dominion.particularly after one leaves Winnipeg behind and goes West.The prairies havo attracled many thousands of settlers from the Mother Country and from the United States, but they have also exerted a magnetic influence on the peoples of other nationalities, a majority of whom, it must be added, have made very good settlers and loyal Canadians.The opening up of New or Northern Ontario la a fresh chapter.There Is a Comradeship of the Soll that makes for good (fellowship whether one's neighbours be English, [rish, Bcotch or Welsh, French, Dane, Russian or Scandinavian.\u2018There comes, however, a time In ite when \u201cthe call of the West\" in on deaf ears, or dull, What attracts the young man, or the young couple of five and twenty, has no response from the man or married couple of thirty-five or forty, and It la frequently the case, though lt need not be so, that the Eastern Provinces find favout with emigrants approaching middle age.These four Provinces\u2014Nova fco- tia, New Brunswick, Quebec and Ontario, being fruit growing and garden produce provinces, are quite distinct from the prairies, and having markets within easy reach, the man with a family and a small amount of capital and experience\u2014 though, of course, the more the better\u2014will find it easy to make such a start on his own account as will employ all his energies and the services of his children.Such a man should do well; for in Canada, as nearer home at the present time, the wages bill Is a matter of very considerable importance.Land can be had on advantageous terms by approved settlers, but in Ontario fruit lands near to rail and markets art expensive, though like Britain\u2019s \u2018Contemptible Armn\u201d a very little goes \u201ca long, long way.\u201d Further West one enters the Province of Manitoba, the most easterly of the \u201cfree land\u201d provinces, Including Saskatchewan and Alberta, where are also the wheat \u201cmines\u201d of the Dominion.Wheat is also grown selsewhers, but here it is \u201cKing.\u201d though of iate farmers have not been quite so sure on that score and they have been coquetting with other sources of Income such as cattle, hogs, and even poul- many of them, though not all, the lt is not à safe performance té carry all the egga in one basket, which, as has happened before, may one day be æpset In the middle of the road: s0 they are adapting their holdings to what Is known as \"mixed farm- Ing.\u201d This fa best for the farmer, and Dest for his men, for he requires the latter's services longer and he requires more of them.It means, too, that the Canadian farmer must adopt the Old Country method of providing\u2019 a cottage and s garden for his permanent help\u2014 an arrangement much more satisfactory to many married couples than that of living In the farm house.The old arrangement will continue, however, In regard to a proportion of the men, for the farmer's wife, like her sister at home, finds the servant problem a difficult one, and the system whereby the husband works on the farm while the wife assists in the household work of the establishment hes proved beneficial all round.Hushand and wife are earning thelr wages.They have free board and house-room, and the day is expedited when they can eet up an establishment of their own.A feature of every live Canadian farm is that as soon as ever finances permit, labour-saving machinery is introduced, and as generously as pon.sible.\u2018Where electric current le available for light and power the introduction Is comparatively easy, In other cases the petro] engine le brought Into operation.Lightingof course, comes fret: then comes the electric smoothing Iron.the washing and wringing machines, and the oeoker.The Oanadfan housewife le keen on labour-mrving, and when once she made up her mind as to what she wants John has sooner he does it, and with the dest ).posathingdia etter for him try.They have learned a xi Umitiess-\u2014emiling valley and tow- to yield sooner or later, and the [sim the following table, are valued seit.John Is usually wall aware of thé fact, and he acts sccordingly.Another adjunct of the farm le the telephone \u2014 invaluable everywhere, but eamential here In the iand of great distances, With this and the motor-car the settler and his wife oan Defy Distance and The Weather.Shopping Is done at the receiver où the wall, and \u201cwhen the wintry winds do blow\"\u2014as they go occa.sionally-\u2014afternoon calls can be mads through the mame device.These two conveniences\u2014to which a thiré\u2014the Radio\u2014is now being added have completely changed conditions of life on the prairie.They are, moreover, an incentive to | the man not yet well enough established to acquire them.The trouble Is'that in not a few cases the motor- ear comes on the acemé when the money would have been more sen- ; sibly expended in farm machinery or stock.But that is a matter of personal concern which everyone has a right to decide for himself.The man starting life on the prairie, or elsewhere in Canada, has to dispense with these luxuries for à few years, uniess he be one of the lucky number blessed with capital to start *with.A humble home usually suftices, and in many in stances the settler divides his time at first between his ewn land and that of a neighbour.Thus he Is earning wages while hls crops are growing.The \u2018free land\u2019 as the main attraction is fast disappearing.These 160-acrs grants can now be had only so far from existing railways that their lure le ceasing to! attract British people, at any rate.Land, however, remains reasonable in price, if not, indeed, cheap: for even when the farmer waa getting a record return for his produce, this proprietary land did not rise in harmony as would naturally have been expected.Farms can be had on other terms, such as half-profits, or renting with the option of purchase, and generally the man who ls alert and of the right stamp can find somewhere in the province of his choice the farm and terms that suit him.Conditions of life on the prairie, as already indicated, are vastly different from those prevailing in the Eastern Provinces There Is a new land.| Within the memory of Hving man there was no Winnipeg, no Canadian Pacific or Canadian National Railway, no very many other things and very little of anything else.This ls a new country givea over till lately to the Red mun and the buffalo.Gradually a few bold spirits headed thelr bullock wagons westward, and by the aid of the stars and compass trekked across the prairie.Then others came and joined them, and yet more, and they are coming still.Most of them came with nothing but a very small share of this world's goods, fort!- fied by a very generous supply of courage, hope, vigour, and determination, and the women were as good as the men.That was how the prairie became dotted here and there with farmsteads.Populated it la not, and cannot be for many years to come.There Is room for millions more.When they come, may they be of the right sat.An the western limits of the prairie are reached, the snow-capped peaks of The Rocky Mountains come Into view, hut in the rare atmosphers of the Canadian cffinate they seem much nearer than they really are.On a bright morning at Calgary, for instance, they may appear no more than twenty miles off, whereas in reality it is ninety- five miles from that city to Banft\u2014 Just within the citadel of those glant | sentinels.The story Is told of an Englishman visiting these parts who set out for a constitutional before breakfast one morning, meaning to put foot on the mountains before return.He did not appear at breakfast, nor at lunch, nor at dinner, and at night his bed was undisturbed, Next day his friends net out in a motor-car to ascertain his fate, and, if need be, gather up all that was left of him.They found him by the side of a rivulat taking off his shoes and socks to wade across, and in response to Im-\u2019 quiries regarding the meaning at-: tached to ti formance, he sage- | ly replied: *| nces are deceptive in the West, but I am still on the way.\u201d Leaving the prairies behind one enters on hundreds of miles of the nest Playground in the world.No description has even yet done justice to the grandeur of the scenery, but that is another question.The THE QUEBEC CHRONICLE.p\u2014 AE ee For More Than a Third of a Century MECHANICS SUPPLY GO.Limitea - - 80-90 St.Paul St.1554 THE * QUEBEC 59-67 1923 Has been a Universally Recognized Centre for Plumbing, Heating and Electrical Appliances of Every Description.Machinists and Engineers Tools etc.Mill and Steamboat Supplies.\u201cWestinghouse\u201d Radio Receiving Sets \u201cWESTINGHOUSE\u201d LAMPS \u201cARMCO\u201d Galvanized Iron LOCAL DISTRIBUTORS FOR THE RENOWNED \u201cDAISY\u201d BOILERS Manufactured by WARDEN KING LTD., Montreal Over 50,000 Now in Use also for \u201cDUNLOP\u201d TIRE & RUBBER GOODS CO.LTD.ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUES MAILED ON REQUEST.St.Andrew St.previous year.The crops for the year, however, will net $53.000,000 more than in 1821.Animal Products There is an appreciable increase in the production of butter and tion for which is no doubt found in the comparative atability of prices|1921.for these commodities.The average price of hog products at the close of October last was 24 total of æiljother dalry products, the explana-[per cent.higher than in October, 1913, and 5 per cent.lower than in These changes are not so extreme us in the case of cattle.It|1922 ia due to this comparative stability [turns: of prices that the hog-raising Indus.(Continued on Page Eleven) try has shown no signa of decline, The following table of holdings of live stock as on 15 June, 1921, ana is compiled from official re.farmer may admire the acenery.hui ! he never loses sight of possibilities : trom the point of view of the cow.! British Columbia from several stand | points, is one of the moet remark- | sable provinces in Canada.Varlety ering pinnacle, orchard and waving corn, pulp mill, aw mill, mining shaft, ishing, canning, and.in short, every form and phass of Industry is here represented.Then there I» the olimate, which has an attraction of its own.This Is particularly the case In regard to the Island of | Vancouver, which has become the home of thousands of those in ques of a quiet, comfortable living ami the most cengenial wmurroundings possible, .The Present Position of the Fe In the agricultural districts o: | the West the most unmtisfactory \u201cfeature just now is the state of the cattle markets.The for the next season's orop prepared under favourabf tions, and fodder for winte stock is sbundant, except, as Is al- The despondency which was general at (he commencement of harvesting operations last year.as à result of low prices, has I appeared, as the Imp prices enabled the farmer to care of his obligations to à grenier extent than he expected.The cereal ed all estimates.The figures for the last two years follow, those for 1922 being the latest official atl | mate: AN Canada, 1931-\u2014\u2014Wheat: 868,100 bushels: Oats, Bor 9 All Canada, 1933\u2014Wheat, 899.- 700,400 bushels: Oate 491,238,000 bushels; Barley, 71,805,300 bushels; 373,400 bushe Other In 1832 18 much higher than in 1931, | hut hay and clover, af will be noted : al only $190,730,000 in 1988, ne compared With I5THLIO In WS.ways the case, In a few localities.| crop actually harvested hag exceed: | dd Grains 38,977, 231 bushels.| ] Ix Pure and Refreshin Beverages That is what we claim for our Beer and Porter and, it is undoubtedly just what you want; is it not?The Beer and Porter with the Health Champlain Export Ale Contains all the \u201cgoodness\u201d that good beer should have.Made according to old standards.Giving Qualities.Champlain Porter A pleasant and nourishing drink.The favorite beverage at meal time, because it sharpens the appetite.Champlain Beer Just the right amount of in gredients are used in its com position to give it the proper taste and health-giving qualities.WHEN ORDERING INSIST ON \u201cCHAMPLAIN\u201d Protection Against Fire ; And Silviculture Will Save Our Forest Wealth (Contiued from Page Eight) on With the licensees under comditions determined by th Government.(3) The balance of the reserved forest developed and protected, and portions thereof brought under reg- ulstions es economic conditions Justity.Regulated Stato Forests 10.By the term \u201cReguiated State Forests\u2019 we mean forests managed by the State for the production of timber and other forest products.The essential\u2019 part of a State Forest fe that all the operations which af- fent the ativicultural devlopement of the crop should de under the direct control of technical forest officers.The quastion ag to whether the ¢im- der is ecld on the stump or logged dy state agency is immaterial to the final conception and we can cite examples where both methods have been foMowed with success.11.It wii be observed that our conception of the Regulated Stae Foreat involves far more than the ordinary conception of the Term Forest Reserve\u201d in this country.We can fllustrate the difference by referring to Timagam! Forest Reserve which Impressed us very strongly With ite potentialities if worked as a Ntegulatsd State Torest.Here is an area of more than three million acres mocked with much over-matured pine and with young and intermediate growth of differ- ont kinda At present the area, doubtless, producer nothing: the mature pine is gradually dying aad decaying on tha st imp and this loss which is just as real as if the timber were burned.probably offsets the increment on the immature timber.We are prepared to etate from oue knowledge of similar type of forest in Europe that the lowest \u201cyield capacity of this land under systematic management would be forty cubic feet per acre per annum in timber and pulpwood.This viel} of 120,400,000 cuhic feat per annum for the total area could obviously not be secured at ones, Hut the presence of so much mature timher makes the prohlem of warking up to this figure in A comparatively short thme unueually easy.It may he oh.jooted that the area has heen reserved aw a national playground We reply that thin restriction is not fndimical to good silviculture, ard can cite numerous examples from the Vosges, Rlark Forest and the Alps where the two have been suc- oeasfully combined.Co-operation Between tho State and Limit-Holders 12.As we see the position in Canade it will be econumically impossible, even if otherwise desirubie, to embrace within a system of Degulated #&tate Fortests the whole of the area which should be dedicated to forestry.There are, however, larg tracie of forests on which It appears absolutely necessary that better methods of silviculture ghould be practived.How is this end to Le achieved?We suggest that it can Le; brought about only by co-operation between the two parties interested : in tive timber, viz., \u2018he Slate and ihe lessees or license-hoiders.At the present time there exists undoubtedly & large gap between the demands of rational silviculture and these of the lumbering interes.1f it is not bridged the production of timber muet deckine In due course, and with this diminished out-turn very important industries will pass into de | oay.\u201cNe suggest that it is urgent and | trot Impossible to find à compromise | between Lhe two parties.We do not | feel competant to adviæ as to the: form which it should take, but we think it reasonable to start from the assumption that if the State con.codes something the timber and pulpwood operator should be prepared also to help In securing the permanency of his inlustry.Silvicutural Methods.13.With regard to the sllvicul- tural methods to be applied in tho! Regulated State Forests we desire tJ polm out that while very many of removal of the hardwoodn In certain localities this can already be done with profit, and in others tha utsiisation is prohibited by the cost of tranmportation.We urge more 6x- tensive experiments in the trangpor- tation of hardwoods by water or otheewiss and the investigation of wider market uses of thess Woods in order that their utilization may lead to the development and final use of the small pulpwood material through silvicultural treatment.16.The hardwood forests that are of sivicultural concern in Eastern Canada consist chiefly of the farm wooddota in the southern portion of Ontario and Quebec and In the Maritime Provinces.Fire, disease, and injudicious eutting have reduced them to à low state of productivity.Bince they are situated hear mar- Kets, and since the farmers are experiencing serious difficulty in getting fuel and cheap anaterials for building purposes, the rehabilitation of these farm woodlots through constructive silvicultural methods constitutes a very important economic problem.We believe the forest authorities should ço-operate with the farmers in developing and carrying out measures for the effective handing of woodiole.11.\u2018The poplar and white birch which have taken possession of very extensive burned areas In Eastern Canada are suppreswing and crowding out the young growth of pine which hae so extensively established ftnelf beneath the hardwood crown cover.Much of the future supply of white pine must come from these areas, yet the young growing stock upon which euch supply depends is being effectively reduced in quantity and quality dy the suppressing effect of the over-topping hardwoods.large areas in this condition are relatively near the markets.T.beration cuttings must be employed on these areas if the pine is tc be reserved as a valuable component of the forest.Extensive areas of old burns aleo have an under- story of suppressed spruce and balsam fir.Thess should be saved for the pwlpwood industry by similar silvicultural treatment.18.Among the softwood tpes that of white pine is of the greatest value Under the present logging system there la practically no regeneration, and this tree !s being crowded out of the forest and replaced by interior species.Since, with the ox- ception of the use of pulpwood and a few minor jurposes, the white pine surpasses all others in eastern Canada in adaptability to the varied commercial uses, a\u2019 fact reflected in ity leadership in stumpage value for more than 100 years: since the processes of its utilization have contributed, many millions of dollars to the national wealth, and since under proper treatment it could undoubtedly be maintained as the lead ing timber tree in eastern Canadawa beleive that the Initial stens should be taken at once to place the remalning virgin stands of white pine under silvicultural management This might be done in a forest reserve, such as the Timagami reserve, as pointed out above.19.The epruce-balsam fir forests in northern Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritime Provinces are being utilized for pilp and paper manufacture as vell as for aawiog material.\u2018The system of logging employed is such that practically no regeneration of the mors valuable species follows.As a certain portion of the area from which the forest is thue removed, especially {1 northern Ontario and Quebec, will eventually he used for farming purposes, the method of cutting on thie, t'rerefore, is justified, but much of the area, however, is unfit for agri.cuitural production.The softwood forests of the north constitute a priceless heritage, situated as they are {n tha midst of a region that will undoubtedly become the centre of a large agricultural population.The distribution of the agricultural and non-agricultural soils is such that the production of farm crops and | forest crops should go hand in hand.the problems of Canadian ailvioul- ! We belleve that the \u2018\u201cFrmpire of the ture differ in degree from Lhose of countries where aystematio silvicnl- ture is being successfully practised, they do not differ In general char- North\u201d can reach its full destiny only by such purposeful #rection of its natural resources, and in such we | Include the treatment of the forest acter.We ses no reason, therefore, in mich & manner as to secure con- why Canadlan officers trained In tha principles of elivicuiture should not degin at once to take charge of operations without waiting until an ex- dusively Canadian technique can be aid down, Obviously, however, time is required fully to effect Lhe neces.eary changes\u2014time for the forest officer to study conditions, to try out and perfect his proposals, time for the rewuks of investigative work to become apparent, By reason of the Importance of the time element | ft le the more necessary to make à! beginning and thus to permit she | full organization which will vitim- aly bs required, to develop steadily and naturgliy.he Milvicultura! Constitution of the Canadian Forests Eastern Canada dé.The following descriptions are Vasad on forest types, observed dy tue on our tour acroes Canada, which we betieve to present definite ailvi- cultural probleme.16, Most of the original mixed for.ont type of the Atlantio-t8.Lawrence drainage basin has been cut over owveral times for the softwoode, but the bardwoods have been cut only fa ctose proxipiity to the markets.In general the hardwoods have been ft amd they have Cilled up the Spaces formerly oooupled hy the woRtwoods.Beneath them there is an edundant regenration of balsam fir and some spruce, varying in size from seedlings to trees approaching morchantable dimensions Theme smell softwoods constitute a very waluadble asest in terms of future pulpwood supplies, but they are now Loing retarded in growth.and even.toaly an unnecessarily large number will be killed by the overshad- tng hardwoods.Enormous quanti- Yew of material could be saved for ; tinuous production, ; We see no outstanding difficulties in achieving such an objective.Prairie Provinces, 21.We were deeply Impressed by the beneficial resulta of planting sheiter-belts on the prairie farms, and we urge material extension of such activities, Western Oanada.23.The epruce-balsam fir forests of the middie and upper stopes of the Rocky Mountain region, and of the northern interior of British Columbia, although of different eces composition, are practically the same in silvicultural requirements, as are the apruce-balemm fir forests already mentioned for eastern Canada and apparently the same treatment will hold good for this type.38 Ttre Jodgepols pine forests are very extensive in western Canada and are beginning to be extensively exploited.The facility with which this pine reproduces and the rapidity with which i attains mercham.able size make (Ls silvicultural treatment fairly easy.Thess forests pre- emt an immediate opportunity for profitable siivicultural management 24.The yellow pine of the interior region és the only tres of commercial importance in the dry belt, whers the rainfall is Himited to ten or fifteen Inches a your, The forest of this type Is befng rapidly exploited, and at the present rate of cutting it ls estimated that the supply will be exhausted within twenty years, and this period is being materially shortened by such causes as the ravages of Gark hestles.The method of cisar-cutting new employ.+d Is not contuoive to the succom of natural regeneratio we belleve from experience with a similar tree the pulp end paper industry by thw abroad that an adequate regenera- tien could be escured by leaving a proper number of suitable esed- tress.25.The costal forests, consisting of Dougtas fir, cedar, and hemdock are being chiefly exploited at pre- went under the \"high lead\u201d type of logging, which in the practically complete demruction of the small trees, and jeaves on the grouné an enoromus amount of debris which.though it gives à certain amount of denaficial shade and shelter to the seedlings, on the whole is determin- sd to the r-establshment of the forest by natural process.The a due partly to the fact that in places ft covers the ground too completely but chiefly to the fact that it remains inflammable for many years and constitutes a dangerous fire risk in the application of any method of regenecation.It appears quite evident that eo Jong as repeat: ed fires are probable, little dependence can be placed upon seed stored in the soil, and therefore the logging methods should make provisions for other methods of regeneration, such as the leaving of individéyal eeed- trees or logging in compartnvents omall enough to permit seeding from were deft.conditions, but mtill it represents an enormous loss im the timber supply, and in the interests of the Empire, duced to & minimum.Experiment and Research, 26.In beginning systematic silvi- culture In Canada, it is obviously not can be lald down with final precision The fundamental principles of ailvi- culture aré sufficient to ensure a good etart.On the other hand, in experiment and research, there.exist two powerful aids, to practice which wil eliminate much waste and avold large-scale d&eappoint- ment.We wish to emphasise in the business of forest productéon the necessity of research and experiment which have proved their efficiency in all the industries to which they have been appiled.We would urge In this connection that work be proceeded with along two main lines: (1) Research work of a fundamental nature into the silvicultural characters and requirements of the principal species of trees, including their regeneration.(2) The practical application on a commercial scales of the results obtained under (1).27.The agency for securing pros grean on these lines, should be (1) a staff of research investigators and (2) an adequate staff of tralned forest officers placed in charge of definite areas of forem of manageablo size; such trained officers should be in a position to carry out, as part of their regular duties, large-scale experimental operations with the object of evolving silvicultural sys tema best adapted to local conditions.28.We have seen enough of the conditions afterlogging, of the ravages of fire, insects, and fungous diseases, to convince us that withoul a definite objective towards contin: uous forest production one of the largest Canadian industries will inevitably decline.Therefors, our appeal is for decisive action.The matter ie of such importance that the State 1s justified in making expens ditures for the perpetuation of the wood-uging industries.| We believe that the ultimate results of an Investment In such an objective would lle to the great advantage of the state, in the increase of forest revenues, in permanency of effort, and In etability of social and political conditions in the forest regions of the country.This report is signet by\u2014C.D.Howe, Chairman; Al Bedard, P.Z.OCaverhifl, R.L.Robinson, R.8.Troup, Lu 8.Webb, B.J.Zavits, FORESTRY OFFICERS REQUIRE EDUCATION \u2014 Desding with the question of spe- clal education of forest officers in a central training Institution, and post gnduate and research courses, the report, after reviewing the steps previously taken in the matter, says.in part: (2) We desire emphatically to endorse the view held by the 1920 Conference that a central institution of this kind is required in the interests of forestry within the Empire.We greatly regret that the setting up of such an institution has had to be postponed, and we urge moat strongly that steps be taken to start it without delay.(3)\u20141In view of the somewhat partial support which the idea of a central institution received in 1931 at the hands of the asif-governing Dominions and the Australian States, we have been at particular pains to ascertain how such an in stitution could now be made of th.grestest value In meetings the ver led and apecial needs of foreatry In the eslf-governing Dominions a result we are of the opinion that, given sufticient staff, the institution could make itself of grea value to the Dominions, both b.providing advanced post-graduate training for future forest officerr who have received suitable prepars- tory training in their own Dominion and also by providing the necessary post-graduate training for special 1ste and research officers.In the lat ter connection we draw attention | the difficulty of obtaining well-train od forest entomologists for Canada.We are informed that under present conditions there are no suitab! tacilities for obtaining the neosssary advanced training in Forest Entomology such aa le required for th.higher positions in the government service.We have received evidence from representatives of all the seif-gov- erning Dominions expressing strong approval of the setting up of such an institution, although in the case of Australia ft ie doubtful whether the forestry training at present avaliable in that commonwealth is sufticlently sdvanced to fit students for undertaking the post-graduate courses.This objection will no Aout de removed in course of time.adjacent manda.We have seen many iHustratione of magnificent regeneration of Douglas fir on burned log- ged-over areas where seod-trees We mey aay in connection.with the dedris that we have been greatly Impreased by the waste in logging operations In this region and others we have visited Wo realize that this is largely the result of economic as well as Canada.it should be re- to be expected that detalled systems (4)\u2014It is also posible that the government of India may wish to make use of & central institution, both for the post-graduate training of selected graduates frqpm the forest school of Dehra Dun and for \u201crefresher\u201d and \u201cspecial® courses tor selected officers, who have done some years\u2019 ssrvice.(5)-\u2014We have carefully examined the report of the Interdepartmental Committee on Imperial Forestry Education and find ourselves In general agreement with ite recommendations.RESOURCES OF SOFTWOOD AND CONIFEROUS TIMBER At The Present Rate Supply Will Last Only Twenty- Five Years The committee which had been appointed to study the softwood supplies In the world, reported in part as follows: The committes begs to report that the dats submitted to the Confer ence revealed the fact that a very serious situation exists in regard to the softwood supplies of the world.Europe and North America are the principal sources of the cofamercial supplies of softwoods, and in both these regions It would appear that the annual growth ia by no means keeping pace with forest depletion.Dealing with Canada in particular the report says: For à large portion of Canada there is very little definite Information available as to the extent and nature of the forest resources, but from the investigations that have been conducted by the Dominion and Provincial forest services an estimate has been prepared for the Dominion as a whole, Of the total land area of 3,800,000 square miles, 1,196,928 square miles should be classified as forest land, 900,000 square miles of which bears chiefly coniferous or softwood timber.Of the forest land only 488, 800 square miles carry timber of merchantable size at the present time, and on only 240,000 square miles in it of saw-timber sixe.On 60 to 65 per cent of the forest land the timber of commercial size has been cut or burned\u2014chiefly burned.Eighty per cent of the atanding timber and 96 per cent of the lumber cut is softwood.It 1s very aifficult to determine what proportion of this timber should be considered as accessible mince accessibility depends on cone ditions which are constantly chang- Ing, such as transportation facilities, methods of exploitation, market requirements, and the price of forest products, but it is estimated that at present approximately ons-haif could be profitably operated.The amount of softwood used annually for all purposes is about 200,000,000 cubic fest, but owing to the wasteful methods of exploitation this entails the destruction of 1,- 700,000,000 cubic feet of standing timber.During the last five years the annual loss of merchantable timber from fire has amounted to 790,000,000 cubic feet, and during the last ten years the destruction by the spruce dbudworm has averaged 1.345,000,000 cublc feet per anpum, Other insects and fungous dissasea have also caused serious losses in the forests, so that the annual drain on the softwood resources of the Dominion Le probably not less than 4,000,000,000 cubic feet.At this rate the accessible stands of virgin stoftwood will last twenty-five years Increment.Of the softwood area 385,000 square miles are under virgin stands, in which there is little or no net increment.On & considerable proportion of the remaining 635,000 square miles, natural reproduction has been established; but on large areas repeated fires have so reduced the recuperative powers of the forest that only scant and {Inferior stands can be secured by natural means.On much of the burned.over land the hardwoods (especially poplar and birch), which reproduce more readily under such cond!- tions, are greatly retarding the growth of the softwoods.About 3,000 square miles of this land are burned over annually, destroying the young growth.In the northern forests growth is very slow.Under these conditons it is evident that the increment is Insufficient to meet the annual depletion of the forests., : There is every reason to expect an increased utilization of Canadian softwoods.The export trade in forest produots Is increasing, especially the trade with the United States, whose markets can be reached by rail or water at a comparatively low cost.It is therefore imperative, In order that the industries dependent on the forests may be maintained, that Canada should take the necessary steps to conserve and augment its resources of growing coniferous timber.HOW MIGHTY CHANGES HAVE TAKEN PLACE.Imagine if you will in this Twentleth Century\u2014no cross the ocean in a week, no railroads to link up the different cities of the country and carry the products of the factory and farm to the seaboard, besides distributing it throughout the country.No telephones to save you many precious hours in your business transactions, in fact no eleotricity to furnish power to your motor, to glve ligh\u2018 to continue your work after twilight \u2014only the old tallow candle.AN those things seem unbelievable to us of this day, but such was the condition of affairs when the Quebeo Gasette came into axistence.Canads's land aren (win provinces), 1,401,000,000 acres.31 per cent, or 440,000,000, is fit for cuitl.vation; only 110,000,000 acres ocoue pied and 34,000,800 acres under cultivation.Canada is larger in ares than the United States, including Alaska, by 111,992 square miles (Canada 3,729, tof: United States and Alaska, 3,- 617413).Camda has the largest fresh water body in the worM, in Leke Bupertor, 31,800 #3.miles.Canada's so-called Barren Jande, reaching to the Arctio, are estimated to have 30 million caribou, THE QUEBEC CHRONICLE.MONDAY, OCTOBER 29, 1928.- Price Brothers and Company LIMITED QUEBEC Manufacturers of Newsprint, Cardboard, Cardboard Specialities, Groundwood, Sulphite, Lumber, Shingles, Canadian Clean Through \u201cSince 1851\u201d You could not find a better match anywhere.EDDYS MATCHES ASK FOR THEM BY NAME \u2018AT YOUR GROCERS \u2014 : J ( Canada ig The \u201cand of Opportunity (Continued from Page Nine) Cattle - Prinoe Dévart Yeland .1821 e $ Neva Sootla br | 1983 New ' Brunewiok .1931 1082 Quebec.1031 1933 Ontario.1921 1.563,807 Sheep Swine.Poultry.1 181,763 43447 639.443 105,703 37,351 846,673 283,392 234,360 53,064 140,744 819,703 339,344 47,004 $29,088 196,446 80,637 143.408 303,115 85,260 1,351,498 483,930 3,833,218; 728,928 inte 1023 1,653,434 Manitoba .1881 817,769 224,704 1003 376,631 740,740 111,964 235,314 3,613,108 Saskstohewaa.1081 1,179,389 1563,033 185,021 433,776 9,854,000 1898 1,152,409 1,603,736 191,937 563,069 8.456.950 Alberta .1021 916810 4 523,699 | 674,318 4,963,888 10p2 69,316 360,866 628,188 6,935,205 British Golumbie 1641 44.080 41,693 1.440916 - 1083\" 81,386 4, 1,910,773 All Canada 1621 3.648.871 1933 3.643.871 Although exports of butter declined during: November, they amounted for the twelve months then ended, to 30,358,337 lbs, as compared with 9,805,786lba.for the prior twelve months ending 3lst October is slightly less than In the previcus year, but recently there has been a material improvement both In the price paid and in the quantity exported.When the fiscal year|applled for qualification.closes on 81 March, 193$, ft is probable that the quantity of chesae ant improvements.3,904,008 34,340,474 3,362,628 3,915,684 39,937,313 Settling Esx-Service Men on Farms.The Boldier Bettlement Board was organised In 1917 and empowered by Act of the Canadian Parliament to assist eligible and qualified returned soldiers to settle upon land.Loans up to $7,600 are authorised covering purchase of land, Nve stock and equipment and making perman- Since the commencement of operations 66.561 returned soldiers have Of this numder over 46,696 had obtained qualification certificates at the beginning of 1933, and most of the exported will be quite equal to that others were In training.Bome took of recent years.It may be noted that for the first time in many years the value of butter exports is ap- up free lands; others were heiped to purchase partially improved farms, and altogether the Canadian Government has expended nearly one proximately the same as that of | hundred million dollars in this ven- cheege, the respective figures for the tweive months ending October being $20,286,227 and $20,467,419, In the case of sheep large numbers have been killed for meat, ture, which appears to be rapidly passing into the realm of successful financial operation, and this 1e largely due to the excellent system of Field Supervisors, who are men trained In the locality and who look owing principally to the slump in| eo \"tng interests of the ex-Bervice the price of wool, which occurred !n 1981, but already a decided change has taken place in that respect.Many practical stockmen regard the present depression as having reached bottom, and believe that any change must be for the better.The Fisheries, The salmon pack of 1922 in Brimen from day to day.ful public achievement.The story of the settlement of Canada's returned soldiers on her vacant lands will appear in lilstory, as a wonder- Under the Settlement Act, above referred to, and under somewhat different conditions, desirable men who were engaged with the British tigh Columbia, according to latest! Force may obtain the benefits of the eatimates, amounted to 1,200,326 scheme, but they must apply to the cases, valued at $11,600,000.This; Superintendent of the Soldier Betpack has been exceeded only on|tlement Board in the district four occasions In the last 26 years, or since the Government commenc- od to keep record of the amount In 1910, the last occasion | made.Settiers are required to pay cash down at times of application for tinancial assistance, 30 per cent, of the amount involved for the purpose Battlers who have had one full year's farming experienca in Canada and one year elsewhere, or packed.on which the pack exceeded that of i the past year, the total was 1,339,- The demand for salmoi products at the present Mme is.ni pronounced, but prices remain firm.| of land.In the Orient there has recently been an exceptional demand for salt her- 186 case: Canada where they intend to locate, as only there can thelr qualifications be considered and ararngements be rings from the Pacific Coast, byt| who have had two full years\u2019 farm- the supply is inadequate.ring industry of the Atlantic Coast, is in A somewhat disorganised con-, their dition.There are signa of improve.fnanc The her- ing experience 'in Canada and have made sufficlent progress to prove aptability, may be granted assistance on the payment ment in the market abroad for cod-{ of 10 per cent.of the cost of the fish: Brasil han agaid decofie à buy-' land alond.er and during November contracted | The repayment of the balance of for six cargoes of Newfoundland | loan Is apread over a period of 2% fish, The market in Italy is be- | years, with® Interest at the rate of coming more promising, and Spain! 5 per cent.amortized.le absorbing supplies from the Maritime and Newfoundland fisheries.For the twelve months ending October the value of all the fish exported from Canada was $29,181,610, as compared with $32,678,638 for the corresponding period of 1821, There was an increases {n exports of all the chief fish produots except salmon.Banking and Finance.The November bank statement sh a seasonal increase those hearing amounting to $1.168,000,000 or $11,- 000,000 more than at the close of | Appalachian mounfpins, October, and those not interest amounting to $644,000,000, | dilleran areas.an Increase of $13,000,000.posits, Bent.1 to Dec.15.Marketed Country Points .Leqded Country Points .Inspected All Points .Heritageof ressonable Mineral Pousibilities\u2014A Wondeefai For three quarters of a century our geologists and other Canadians Intelligence have known that we possess In the centre of Canada the largest area in the world of the oldest rocks and of the rocks immediately following these, all roughly classed ag pre-Cambrian.These ars most promising areas for in de-| the prospector, but we also possess interest in the Maritime Provinces and Eastern Quebec our share of the d in the bearing | Far West our share of the vast Cor- Of gold, vilver, nickel, copper, asbestos, and other Movement of Western Wheat Crop.1933 1921 Busbels.240,520,810 167,781,799 - 160.626 208,826,800 180,492,073 « \u2026 » » « 166.204 308,845,300.147,393,650 Care.Bushels, Unloaded (Fort William and Port Arthur) .2 4 2 0 0 6 5 0 410 (Fort William end Port Arthur, Lake and Radl) .Shipped \u2018Inspections to date show 92,43 per oent.contract grade general excellent quality over the enormpus areas involved.133,280 177,649,003 135,048,144 172,076,540 116,007,841 giving .Hethringt Quebeo\u2019s favorite Bakery for over 80 years will be pleased to supply your DAILY BREAD - © ed i on\u2019s .Aneluding = DELICIOUS RAISIN BREAD sleo CAKES and PASTRY ) for your HALLOWE'EN SPREAD HETHRINGTON'S MODEL BAKERY 364 ST.JOHN aT.PHONE 6636 metals we are already important producers.We have Iron ores | plenty, but these are not so readily available as the ores mined in that \u2018comparatively email extension of our pre mbrian area into the United States, which is wonderfully rich in iron and copper as to be famous throughout the world.What we have accomplished thus far in the three great mining areas has been largely the resuit of accident; we can hardly pretend that there han besn merlous prospecting in many of thé mining felds of Canada, except By & very small number of trai experts, The Cordilleran or Pacific Mountains in Canads form an area about as large as the pre- Cambrian in the oentrs of Canada, and of this the late President of the Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy says: \u201cDoes anyone know.of any sufficiently sound reason, even after allowing for certain known differences of glaciation and geological formation, for thinking that 's large share of this great arèa will prove to be Jess riok in minerals than that falling to Mexico or to the United States?\" Canada's Foreign Trade.Sir Edmund Walker, President of the Cansdian Bank of Commerce, recently mmid:\u2014\"Turning to the foreign trade of Canada, we have in the fiscal year, March, 1821, to March, 1933, made the lowest record since 1914, the total being only 31,501.731,000, with the trifling sum of $4,122,000 In favour of exports, as compared with an excess of 1m- ports in the previous year of $89.- 780,000 and our highest excess of exports of $623,047,000 in 1918.For the year ending September, of which ble to give the totals only, gn trade amounted to §1.- 539,395,000 with a difference in favour of exports of $73,585,000, a slightly better showing.In view of the rising tide of trade, and of our great grain crop, it is worth while to follow our foreign trade beyond the usual half-year in September.In October the totals were much lower than in other recent yeai but in November they rose to $20 000,000, being 56 millions more than In 1921, of which 44 milliéns were exports * Exports and Imports.Of the diminished trade in our fecal year $417.497,000 was done with Great Britain, exports to that country exceeding imports by $183,- 328,000.This compares with a total of $528,171,000 in 1821 and a balance of $100,381,000 In our favour, so that with a smaller business we have inoreased the disparity by about $83,000,000.Our trade with the United Btates was $821,527,000, as compared with $1,417,296,000 in 1021, with a balance against us of 3310,682,000, a compared with $:296.930,000 in the Previous year.While the figures appear low the imports are larger than in any year before 1916 and the exports are larger than in any year before 1917.The excess of imports, however, is smaller than in any year since 1811, except 1916, which was Influenced by war purchases.Increases and Decreases.If we analyse our foreign trade for the fiscal year we find that in niae groups of imports and ten of exports there je an unbroken series of decreases.In the figures for the six months ending in September, which followed the close of the fiscal year, the improvement in conditions Is shown by increases In four groups of imports and eight groups of exports.In our exports a few subgroups show increases: Frults $1,- 260,000, vegetables oils and byproducts $240,000, furs $2,747,000, and zinc $1,485,000, while a few items, such as oats $4,565,000 and flax seed $3,090,000, lessen the de- crensen in their respective groups.In our imports the only sub-group showing an increase is fura, $1,567,- 000 partly offsetting the increase under this heading in exports.Items lessening the decreases in subgroups are as follows: Eggs, imported, 6,000; binder twins $},- 887,000, offsetting, however, decreases in sisal and Manilla grass of $38,208,000; automoblle (passenger) $1,101,000; gasoline $5,529,000; diamonds $763,000.These figures are of little value, as they represent a general collapse in trade which has now passed.The period of aix months ending last September shows a very different record, but these again are not very valuable when compared with those of the similar six months in 1921, the worst halt of a dull year, 80 that it is quite natural that the comparison should show many more inoreases than decreases in both exports and imports.Lambering.Lumbering looms large in the Canadian Industrial world.Under her rich soll lies untold .mineral wealth; over it stands a rich heritage of timber.It is met with ail over Canada, from coast to coast, even on the great' central plain known as the prairies.In British Columbia alone, it is estimated that this year's pay-roll will exceed $20,- 800,000.In 1921 the , pay-roll amounted to $18,130.96 average number of 14,606, The gene resumption of building operations, followed by en increased demand for lumber, has had the result this season of speeding up the industry.Many plants that were idle have resumed operations, and even those which kept going all the time through 1921-23 have increased their staffs.It is confidently expected that this year will show a big increase and the $20,000,000 mark is sid to be on the conservative side.Lumber exports from British Columbia in September reached the total of approximately 31,000,000 feet.In addition, 70,000 box shooks were went Lo Australia, 100,300 bundles of shingles to Australia, New York, and the United Kingdom.Lumber shipments were made to Japan, China, Australia, South America, United States, United Kingdom, and Europe.In 1919, the latest year fer which oftiala) returns are available, Ontapie produced lumber valued at $08,071,334; Quebec, $30.1 ; Now Brunswick, $16,477,477; Nova $.243,745; Baakatchewan, 1 Manitoba $537,679; Ale dorta, $496,518; rince KPdward I».land $338,437: and the Yuken 213,080\u2014a total for the Deminion 123,859,749.In addition, there were shingles $13,634,348 ang lathe $310,780.Grain Elevators and What They Mean to the Farmer, A aurikine fente of the land.soape ia the grain elevator.Where.over the\u2019 rellware fun of the steamships ind harbour, the se gr .huildings stand out agsinat the sky- | hne.They make no claims to: architectural grandeur\u2014de not, indeed, aspire te it\u2014Dbut of their utility thers is no shadow of doubt.In tact, the Canadian wheat crop could not he handled without them.Along the rallway lines they receive the grain from the farmers, and pay them for it as delivered.They, In turn, disgorging into the long succession of cara that go to form another feature of the prairie\u2014th- grain train\u2014a golden snake with 4 flery hand winding over the metals Canning Industry.The great fishing and fruit-grow- ing industries have brought inte being the very important and pros fitable canning industry, to which many thousands of Canada's workers look for their weekly wage.Canadian mimon, fruits and vegetables are known in all the markets of the world, and without the canners, the fishermen and the fruit-growers would not bs in the favourable position they now occupy.In fact, thère are few industries that cannot be carried on in Canada.She has already a larg@ number Armly established, and there is room for many more, , The Raliways of Canada.The story of the Canadian Pacific Rallway reads like a romance.It bas been well told by various wr- ters, historical and bigraphicsl.There were times when Lhe venture was in direst peril, and had there been behind it men of smailer men- tai capacity the result would almost certainly have beun very different from that with which the world is familiar.That would have been disastrous for Canada and the Kmpire.The develupment of the on retarded, the world's bread Lusket would have been In a less healthy condition, and thers would have Leen fewer Canadian battalions If \u201cFlanders fields,\u201d had the railway not carried its iron road from ucean to oCcSan across the heart of the country.The Canadian Guvernment owns an enormous raliroud in the Canadian Nauoual Railways.Totalling 22,475 miles of line, it has been built up by a succession of amalgamations The recent arrival of Sir Henry Thornton at the head o [the management augurs well for the future success of tnis great public-owned system and for its development on sound business principles in con- Junction with its Biste-owned ally, tbe Canadian Government Merchant Marine, Ltd.Canada is today in possession of more rallway mileage per head of population than any uther country of the wurid.There are the great parallel lines that cross the Dominion from East to West, and in between these laterals there is an intricate maze of cruss lines that will be steadily augmented as requirements demand.Linked up as these lines are with the United States system, the two may be regarded as a single unit.The waterways of the Dominion also play sn important part in the industrial lite of the community.\u2018There are six canals under the control of the Dominion Government, the most important of which are those be- \"tween Fort William and Montreal.Others are tween Montreal end the international boundary, near Lake Champlain, Montreal and Ottaws, Ottawa and Kingaton, the 88.Peter's Canal, from the Atlantic to the Bras d'Or Lakes, Cape Breton, and the incompleted canal from Trenton to Lake Huron.As feeders to the rallways and fed by them in return.there are the, great steamship lines that cress and; re-crons the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Great Lakes with the regularity and reliability almost of a clock.They, too have developed marvellously.There are living In Canada today grey-haired veterans who take pride in telling how they salied away from the Old Country in tiny ships that took weeks te cross the Atlantic.Today the luxurious Christmas steamer is a featurs of the season.She is veritably a floating hotel, equipped in every detail from elevators and shower-baths to daily newspapers and wire} legraphy.The passen- & re never out of touch with triends on shore, though it may take a littie longpr than the \u2018phone to ring them up.Danger has been all but eliminated and sensickness has been robbed of most of ita terrors\u2019 Shipbuilding and ship repairing, which muat accompany the shipping industry, recelved a great filllp during the war; while with the already great and steadily growing maritime business, the shipbroker and the fogwarding agent fill Important | tihoes in the community.AN IRISH PAPER.The Irish Times, of Dublin, ap- pearsd as a penny dally paper on June 3, 185%, having been founded as à tri-weekly at the end of the previous March, and the time was well chosen, for great events wer happening and the public was ravenous for news.Major Lawrence M.Knox decided that the name was the best he cuuld choose to indicate the policy of the paper, which was intended to reflect the sentiments of the thinking classes In Ireland.A succesful start was maintained by an enterprising management, which took advantage of every facility for gathering news and for distributing it to the public.On the death of Major Knox in 1873 the property was acquired dy Sir John Arnott for 138,000, and he signaliseé his advent by means of a personal address to the readers, in which he announced his Intention of \u201cattempting to carry out the aime and aspiration in which the late generous and high-minded proprietor so well succeeded.\u201d Under Sir John Arnott's control and the management of the late James Car- Iyle the paper in which he took a Justitiable pride gained prosperity and won the respect of all ita con- temporaré Shortly after his death in 1390 a limited liability company wad formed, \u2018af wbich the presbnt Bir John Arnott, Bart., became chalrinan and managing dl- rector, the other directors being Major Loftus P.Arnott, Mr.Mazwell Arnott, and the manager, Mr.John J.Bimington.Johan RK.Healy, B.L., M.A, has bsen editor since 1907, and the London correspondent is W.Algernon Lockgr and I might add that the present management has equal oause for pride in its journal.Associated with the Irish THE QUEBEC CHRONICLE.1668 1923 Boswell's Ale Was the Favorite Beverage when the first issue of the : Quebec Gazette was published in And had been for ninety-six years, previous, to that time.is the favorite to-day, two hundred and BOSWELL'S ALE le the Weekly Irish Times and thesy Irish Field, On the Rack Or on the Back OVERCOAT Values of Years! | the quality of these Overcoats that brings to you the values that every prudent man is seeking at the season of the year.Better styles, better woolens and better tailoring have produced better Overcoats.And here are coats from an investment standpoint exceed your highest expectations.Featured in one extensive, all-important group at - \u201881.95 Others, $25 to $42.00 UNDREDS of Overcoats\u2014 Ulsters, Ulsterettes, Raglans, Chesterfields and special makes\u2014 comprise our present stock.The sort of fabric you want, the kind of style you demand and the color you seek\u2014they\u2019re all here\u2014awaiting your inspection.May we expect a visit?FAGLY, LEPINAY Phone 8300 & FILS 254 St John \u2014\u2014\u2014 :Card Index Systems\u2014 Vertical .Filing Systems\u2014Card Ledger\u2014 \u2018*Aytomatic Index \u2014 Celluloided :.Quides\u2014Transfer Cases \u2014Office ; Furniture\u2014Filing Cabinets\u2014 Book Cases Jas.T.Harrower REPRESENTING | LOWE-MARTIN COMPANY LIMITED Sole Manufacturers of Library Bureau CARD AND FILING SYSTEMS EVENINGS 1677 PHONES 3305 66 Church Street QUEBEC HAS MADE \u201cGentlemen Of France\u201d From the day that the city of Quebec was founded by samuel de Champlain, in 1608, Up to the pres ent, the cily has Jumped ahead with leaps and bounds until (t ls now one of the oulstancicg cities in the emire Dominiun, and while not the largest trom a view-point of population, certainly there Is none other that has such historical wealth as this same city of Quebec, The city was founded on July 3, 1608 by the Intrepid French adventurer, and at the tiroe of his death.in 1635, the population numbered in the neighborhood of eighty souls.The present-day contrast lies in the fact that the population of Quebec today Is placed at 110,000, standing on a promontory some 450 feet above the majestic Bt Lawrence, Quebec ic over four hun- lred mites inland (rom the mouth of the great river, and Ia aptly named the Gluralitar of America, for it looks every Inch an Impregnable (ortress, looked at from any way.The first known census of the city was taken in 1445, when the population was given as 57 souls.Twenty years later it had Increased to 1,203, while In 1706 there were 1,549 re- wding In the cuy, But a nlight In- \u2018reane was noted in 1716, the figures given being 1,771 but in 1739 the increase was nost marked, the figures jumping to 4,603, while in 1765 an increase of nearly one hundred per cent was noticed.the popu- la\u2018fon then being 8.96 Twenty-five years elapsed before another census was taken, and here agnin a gratifying inc.ease was to OLD CITY OF CHAMPLAIN HAD SMALL BEGINNING BUT From First Settlement Peopled By A Few Adventurous \u2018ously Until Today Quebec Is Recognized As One Of The Great Progressive Cities In The Dominion THE QUEBEC CHRONICLE, than $0,000 souls, and might have | exceeded that figures.The Chief article of export was lumber, or, to be more precise, timber In all formas, | from the square log dowa through | deals.boards, staves, scantling, oars, âc., to lathwood.This lumber came \u2018to market chiefly from the Ottawa country, but a good deal was contributed by the ft.Maurice and other districts in Lower Canada and various places in Canada West.In 1863 the arrivals from sea were 1,398 mailing v is, measuring 743,481 tons, and 46 steamanipa of 56,438 tons.The number of timber laden vessels which cleared for British and foreign ports was 1,263, with an aggregate tonpage of 783,- 738 tons.In 1863 there were 63 vessels built at Quebec, measuring $3,308.In later years a large timber trade sprung up with the Continent of! Europe.Hesides the shipping from sea, there was a very large fleet of schooners and other craft trading between Quebec and the lower par- | ishes; the number exceeding prob.| ably that of the British and foreign | RAPID PROGRESS It Grew Steadily But Continutims, both adults and children, while & smallpox epldmeic was witnessed in 1702.Bearlet fever broke out the year before that, while cholera claimed ten thousand victims In the years of 1832-34-49-51- vessels, There were plylng between : Quebec and Montreal, Quebec and 32-84.the parishes, within few hours! Typhus or ship fever cliuimed the |reach of the market.Sand engaged ' lives of over ten thousand Irish im- in the tow, business, soma fifty migrants in 1969, who were buried gteamers.The Montreal passenger at Grosse Isle, a few miles from the!and mail bonts were of the larges: | city, but from that perlod up to the proportions, of very high speed ana present, Quebec has been singularly fitted up with every conceivable tree from all comagious discases | luxury: while the amalier of the: and epidemice, with the exception yg boats re high pressure puf-.of the outbreak of \u201cSpanish flu\u201d inifers of the smallest class.Quebec.1919, when hundreds of people fell| 41d not possess the advantage of a victim to this grim malady, large and densely populous back Devetopmen arbor.country, like Montreal and the.ton Western citles, hence its domestic | Anotner Instance of the develop- trade was not very extensive; but | ment of Quebec In latter years mayiag n general thing.a steady and | bb seen in the fact that since 1867! profitable business was carried on.the Government has spent no less und there were comparatively few | than thirteen millions of dollare on | commercial break-downs to disturb the harbor of Quebec, while there |cne general comfort.| Is accommodation for 22 large i weamers.with a tilda) harbor of| Pealing with mining develop-! [twenty acres, and a wet dock double |Ménta fifty years ago a writer said: that alze, in addition to two graini \u201cFor two or Éhree years past: lelevators with a capacity for two there has been a good deal of spec- ; and a quarter million bushels, mak- ulation in copper mining lands, sev.ing it one of the finest seaports in eral very valuable mines of that and the Dominion.It not the fAnest.other ores having been found on: Among other developmenta of the South shore; but the more re- Quebec during latter years may be cent discovery of gold in large jrited the winter ferry between Que- quantities over a very extensive hee and Levis, which only dates /trmct of country.has attracted al back to 1832, and the Quebec-Mont.: considerable number of diggers real hoat service, which also sta:ted Miners and searchers, who are about the same time.Then the ves.| flocking to the gold fields.and, ses weis slow and sluggish, and [rom present appearances.we are compared to the modern palaces!likely to have -a large access of \\ + Loto\u2019 Lz Telephone 13 Lot o\u2019 Style ! Qu 4 Coats ANP with this you get lot o\u2019 value! Months of preparation \u2014 conference | after conference with the leading makers .of the country\u2014 enable us to offer.the super value of the season at 40 | EVERY desired style, every wanted fabric and every likeable pattern is included in the finest stock we have ever shown.A visit is imperative.Fashion-Craft Warmth! .Roy w 178 St.John St.that nly betwen this city and Mont.Population on gold account.We be- == 'lleve there is no room whatever 1.doubt that our auriferous reglons are equal to the richest in the world.and that consequently, they | for there were, mecording to the census, an even 14,000 souls real they were no bigger or better cesid ng In the city.From 1780 than tugs.there wa: no vensus taken until Another instance Is seen In the fifty-five years later, In 1845, when progress of construc lon.Since Ih- population was 46,000.Bix years 1970 which was the fret year in Inter, however, the first and only [Which a record of permits issued Jecreass In the popumtion of the !And the value of those permits up \u2018ity was meen.there belag only 42.- to December 31, 1 there was à 100 in ths city, us compared to 46,- [lump of about $3,370,000, the 100 In 1845.Then the policy of instituting à ten yearly census was instituted, and the first census.in 1861, reveated a gain of eight thousand over that of.1831, there being 60,000 souls living in Quebec.From that time up to the present, there han aiways heen an increase, in the majority of cases small, but the period from January 1.192?to i December 31 of the same year the figures were 1.212 permits for a vakie of $3,5672,800.00 - This Years Building Record.Citadel, which encloses 45 arpents.The highest point of this celebrated stronghold-